Cakewalk TOC

# Cakewalk TTS-1 Table of Contents

Click the links below to choose topics.

Cakewalk TTS-1 Soft Synth

Selecting Sounds

The Mixer Window

The Part Edit Window

Edit Window Controls and Buttons

To Switch Sounds

To Edit the Sound Name

Using the Rhythm Edit Window

To Switch Sounds

To Edit the Sound Name

Using the Effect Edit Window

Using the System Settings Window

The Options Dialog

Saving User Sounds

To Save a User Sound

To Load a User Sound

To Save a User Bank to a File

To Load a User Bank

Controlling the TTS-1 from a MIDI Controller

To Control a TTS-1 Knob or Slider from a MIDI Controller

Parameter Control Via MIDI

Troubleshooting

Sound is too loud/too soft/cannot be heard

Sound is interrupted/playback tempo is irregular/playback stops midway through

Notes are delayed

Insufficient polyphony/Notes are omitted

Sound is distorted

Effects (reverb/chorus) are not applied to the rhythm part

Failure to plug-in

GM2 Instrument List

GM2 Rhythm Tone List

Standard Set

Room Set

Power Set

Electric Set

Analog Set

Jazz Set

Brush Set

OrchestraSet

SFX Set

MIDI Implementation

See Index

# Cakewalk TTS-1 Soft Synth

Cakewalk TTS-1 is a GM2 (General MIDI 2) compatible, multi-timbral, multi-output, software synthesizer featuring a newly developed software synthesis engine, with 256 sounds and 9 drum sets built in.

The TTS-1 features:

- A newly developed software synthesis engine that uses 32-bit internal processing, and supports a 96 kHz sampling rate
- High-quality reverb and chorus built-in
- 256 GM2-compatible sounds and 9 drum sets for serious music production in jazz, rock, classical, or any other style. In addition, you can create 512 user sounds and 128 drum sets. Maximum polyphony is a generous 128 notes, depending on the performance of your computer and audio device.
- Each sound can be customized from a dedicated control window. You can make detailed edits to the tone control, envelope, resonance, tuning, portamento, modulation, and more, allowing you to express subtle nuances of tone. Customized sounds can be saved as user sounds for use at any time.
- The Mixer Window lets you easily specify things such as the sound and volume of each part. Here you can also monitor the level of each part and the total polyphony, allowing you to check the status during playback, and use it as a valuable reference when creating music data.
- You can control knobs and sliders in the Mixer window, Effect window, Part Edit window, and System window from a MIDI controller.
- Intel Corporation's SSE instructions, AMD Corporation's Enhanced 3D Now! technology, and Motorola Corporation's AltiVec are all supported, so you'll be able to take full advantage of the high-speed calculation potential of your CPU.

# Selecting Sounds

To select a different sound for any of the sixteen parts, click the name of the current sound that's just to the right of the volume fader in the desired part, then select the name of the desired sound from the menu that appears.

# The Mixer Window

In the Mixer window, you can select the sound, set the volume, and adjust the effects for each part. Changes in the various parameters can be made by dragging a knob up or down. You can also click the spin button below a knob to adjust the value of a parameter in terms of its smallest increments.

Note : Some parameters below are labeled GM2 (General MIDI 2). GM2 parameters will change in response to GM2-compatible MIDI messages. The other parameters are unique to TTS-1.

Here's a description of the Mixer Window's buttons and controls:

- Edit buttons 1-16--displays the editing window for that part.
- Chorus knobs 1-16 (GM2) [CC#93]--sets the output level of the signal that is sent to the chorus.
- Reverb knobs 1-16 (GM2) [CC#91]--sets the output level of the signal that is sent to the reverb.
- Pan knobs 1-16 (GM2) [CC#10]--sets the stereo location of the output sound. L63 is far left, 0 is center, and R63 is far right.
- Level sliders 1-16 (GM2) [CC#7]--Adjusts the output volume of the part.
- MIDI indicator--lights when a MIDI message is received.
- Peak indicator--located at the upper-right of each Part's level slider. Lights when the part level has exceeded the maximum value
- Preview buttons 1-16--allows you to audition the currently selected sound in each part.
- Help--displays the online help.
- Panic--stops all currently sounding notes.
- GM2--performs the same processing as when a GM2 System On message is received.
- Effect--displays the Effect Edit window.
- System--displays the System Settings window.
- Polyphony--displays the number of currently sounding voices.
- Current Peak--Displays the maximum number of voices that have sounded simultaneously up to this point. This will be reset if you double-click the displayed value. Note : Some sounds use more than one voice for each note.
- MASTER (Master Volume, GM2) [NRPN 58H 70H]--here you can adjust the master volume and view the level display. Note : since VST instruments cannot use exclusive messages, some of the functions defined by General MIDI 2 are assigned to NRPNs to be used with the TTS-1.

# The Part Edit Window

When you click a part's Edit button in the Mixer window, the Part Edit window appears. The Part Edit window displays the same controls you see in the Mixer window, but adds many more controls for manipulating the sound of an instrument. Changes in the various parameters can be made by dragging a knob up or down. You can also click the spin button below a knob to adjust the value of a parameter in terms of its smallest increments. The settings you make in each part's Edit window are saved with your project.

Some notes about the parameters:

- Some parameters below are labeled GM2 (General MIDI 2). GM2 parameters will change in response to GM2-compatible MIDI messages. The other parameters are unique to TTS-1.
- Since VST instruments cannot use exclusive messages, some of the functions defined by General MIDI 2 are assigned to NRPNs to be used with the TTS-1.
- Parameters whose range is -63 to +63 apply relative change to the preset values of the sound. If the preset value is already set to the maximum or minimum value, only negative or positive adjustment will be available.

Edit Window Controls and Buttons

Here is a description of the Edit window's buttons and controls:

- Part arrows and number--to change the Part being edited, click on the Part number and select from the menu that appears. Or, you can click on the buttons to the right and left of the Part number.
- Sound set indicators:
- GM2 NORMAL--this lights when you select GM2 sounds in a track's Bank field.
- GM2 RHYTHM-- this lights when you select GM2 drum sets in a track's Bank field.
- USER NORMAL-- this lights when you select user-customized sounds in a track's Bank field.
- USER RHYTHM-- this lights when you select user-customized rhythm sounds in a track's Bank field.
- Preview--You can click this to audition the currently selected sound.
- Write--Customized sounds can be saved in the user bank. For details on Saving user sounds, refer to See Saving User Sounds.
- Inst (GM2)--Displays the program number of the currently selected sound. Note : on the TTS-1, program numbers are expressed within the range 1--128, but MIDI program change messages use values of 0--127. When using program change messages to switch sounds, specify a program change number that is one less than the desired program number.
- Var (GM2)--Displays the variation number of the currently selected sound. Note : the Variation number is equivalent to the LSB of the Bank number. For details concerning the Bank number, refer to the MIDI implementation.
- Filter (this has no effect on sounds that do not use the filter):
- Cutoff (GM2) [CC#74]--Adjusts the brightness of the sound. Lower values will produce a darker sound, and higher values will produce a brighter sound.
- Resonance (GM2) [CC#71]--Modifies the tone color by boosting or cutting the harmonics. The sound will become less idiosyncratic as this value is lowered, and sharper and more unique as the value is raised.
- Character [NRPN 58H 01H]--modifies the character of the harmonics. By operating this knob you can make the sound more reedy or muffled. Note: with certain sounds, or in certain pitch ranges, this may have no effect.
- Tone:
- Bass [NRPN 58H 22H]--adjusts the response of the lower range of frequencies, below 400 Hz
- Mid [NRPN 58H 27H]--adjusts the response of the midrange, in the 1 kHz region
- Treble [NRPN 58H 24H]--adjusts the response of the upper range of frequencies, above 4 kHz
- On/off [NRPN 58H 20H]--the tone settings will be valid when this is on.
- Envelope:
- Attack (GM2) [CC#73]--Adjusts the attack time of the envelope.
- Decay (GM2) [CC#75]--Adjusts the decay time of the envelope.
- Release (GM2) [CC#72]--Adjusts the release time of the envelope.
- Vibrato:
- Rate (GM2) [CC#76]--Adjusts the modulation speed of the vibrato.
- Depth (GM2) [CC#77]--Adjusts the depth of the vibrato.
- Delay (GM2) [CC#78]--Adjusts the time that is to pass after a note begins sounding (or after a key's been pressed) before vibrato starts being applied.
- Tuning:
- Coarse (GM2) [RPN 00H 02H]--Specifies the amount of pitch shift in semitone units.
- Fine (GM2) [RPN 00H 01H]--Specifies the amount of pitch shift in one-cent units (one cent is 1/100th of a semitone).
- Mono:
- Mono (GM2) [CC#126]--selects Mono mode. For example, you would use this setting when you want to play the sound as a mono synth from a keyboard controller.
- Poly (GM2) [CC#127]--Selects Polyphonic mode. Use this mode when you want to play chords from a keyboard.
- Portamento--portamento is a function that creates a smooth change in pitch from one note to the next-played note:
- Time (GM2) [CC#5]--Adjusts the amount of time it takes for the transition to the next pitch to take place.
- On/off (GM2) [CC#65]--Switches the portamento function on/off.
- Mod Depth (GM2) [RPN 00H 05H]--adjusts the depth of modulation that will occur when modulation messages are received.
- Bend Range (GM2) [RPN 00H 00H]--specifies the amount (in semitone units) of pitch change that is possible when the pitch bend lever is operated. This determines the amount of change that can take place when the lever is moved.
- Chorus (GM2) [CC#93]--sets the output level of the signal that is sent to the chorus.
- Reverb (GM2) [CC#91]--sets the output level of the signal that is sent to the reverb.
- Pan (GM2) [CC#10]--sets the stereo position of the output sound. L63 is far left, 0 is center, and R63 is far right.
- Level (GM2) [CC#7]--adjusts the output volume of the part.
- MIDI indicator--this will light when a MIDI message is received.
- Peak indicator--located at the upper-right of Part Volume; lights when the Part Level has exceeded the maximum value.

To Switch Sounds

1. Click the sound name.

2. From the menu that appears, select the sound that you want to hear.

To Edit the Sound Name

1. Double-click the sound name.

2. Type the desired sound name into the dialog box that appears.

# Using the Rhythm Edit Window

In the Mixer window, when you click the EDIT button of a part for which a drum set is selected, the Rhythm Edit window will appear. In the Rhythm Edit window you can select sounds, adjust the volume, pan, and effect send levels, edit sounds, or load and save sounds. You can also edit each instrument individually. The parameters can also be edited by dragging with the mouse. Changes in the various parameters can be made by dragging a knob up or down. You can also click the spin button below a knob to adjust the value of a parameter in terms of its smallest increments.

Some notes about the parameters:

- Some parameters below are labeled GM2 (General MIDI 2). GM2 parameters will change in response to GM2-compatible MIDI messages. The other parameters are unique to TTS-1.
- Since VST instruments cannot use exclusive messages, some of the functions defined by General MIDI 2 are assigned to NRPNs to be used with the TTS-1.
- Parameters whose range is -63 to +63 apply relative change to the preset values of the sound. If the preset value is already set to the maximum or minimum value, only negative or positive adjustment will be available.

Here is a description of the Rhythm Edit window's buttons and controls:

- Part arrows and number--to change the Part being edited, click on the Part number and select from the menu that appears. Or, you can click on the buttons to the right and left of the Part number.
- Sound set indicators:
- GM2 NORMAL--this lights when you select GM2 sounds in a track's Bank field.
- GM2 RHYTHM-- this lights when you select GM2 drum sets in a track's Bank field.
- USER NORMAL-- this lights when you select user-customized sounds in a track's Bank field.
- USER RHYTHM-- this lights when you select user-customized rhythm sounds in a track's Bank field.
- Preview--You can click this to audition the currently selected sound.
- Write--Customized sounds can be saved in the user bank. For details on Saving user sounds, refer to See Saving User Sounds.
- Inst (GM2)--Displays the program number of the currently selected sound. Note : on the TTS-1, program numbers are expressed within the range 1--128, but MIDI program change messages use values of 0--127. When using program change messages to switch sounds, specify a program change number that is one less than the desired program number.
- Var (GM2)--Displays the variation number of the currently selected sound. Note : the Variation number is equivalent to the LSB of the Bank number. For details concerning the Bank number, refer to the MIDI implementation.
- MIDI Edit--if this is turned ON, instruments will be selected in accord with the note numbers of incoming MIDI Note On messages.
  Since it's not good to have instruments displayed too rapidly, you should turn this OFF when a song played.
- LEVEL (GM2) [NRPN 1AH rrH]--adjusts the output volume of the instrument.
- PAN (GM2) [NRPN 1CH rrH]--sets the stereo position of the instrument. L63 is far left, 0 is center, and R63 is far right. If the overall panning of all sounds has been adjusted, that setting will also be taken into account.
- COARSE TUNE [NRPN 18H rrH]--specifies the amount of pitch shift for the instrument in semitone units.
- FINE TUNE [NRPN 19H rrH]--specifies the amount of pitch shift for the instrument in one-cent steps. (1 cent = 1/100th semitone)
- REVERB LEVEL (GM2) [NRPN 1DH rrH]--specifies the output level of the signal that is sent from the instrument to reverb. This will have no effect if the overall Reverb (Reverb Send Level) for all sounds has been set to 0.
- CHORUS LEVEL (GM2) [NRPN 1EH rrH]--specifies the output level of the signal that is sent from the instrument to chorus. This will have no effect if the overall Chorus (Chorus Send Level) for all sounds has been set to 0.
- Filter (this will have no effect on sounds that do not use the filter):
- CUT OFF (GM2) [CC#74]--adjusts the brightness of the sound. Lower values will produce a darker sound, and higher values will produce a brighter sound.
- RESONANCE (GM2) [CC#71]--modifies the tone color by boosting or cutting the harmonics. The sound will become less idiosyncratic as this value is lowered, and sharper and more unique as the value is raised.
- Tone:
- Bass [NRPN 58H 22H]--adjusts the response of the lower range of frequencies, below 400 Hz
- Mid [NRPN 58H 27H]--adjusts the response of the midrange, in the 1 kHz region
- Treble [NRPN 58H 24H]--adjusts the response of the upper range of frequencies, above 4 kHz
- On/off [NRPN 58H 20H]--the tone settings will be valid when this is on.
- Chorus (GM2) [CC#93]--sets the output level of the signal that is sent to the chorus.
- Reverb (GM2) [CC#91]--sets the output level of the signal that is sent to the reverb.
- Pan (GM2) [CC#10]--sets the stereo position of the output sound. L63 is far left, 0 is center, and R63 is far right.
- Level (GM2) [CC#7]--adjusts the output volume of the part.
- MIDI indicator--this will light when a MIDI message is received.
- Peak indicator--located at the upper-right of Part Volume; lights when the Part Level has exceeded the maximum value.

To Switch Sounds

1. Click the drum set name at the top of the window.

2. From the menu that appears, select the sound that you want to hear.

To Edit the Sound Name

1. Double-click the sound name.

2. Type the desired sound name into the dialog box that appears.

# Using the Effect Edit Window

Some notes about the parameters:

- Some parameters below are labeled GM2 (General MIDI 2). GM2 parameters will change in response to GM2-compatible MIDI messages. The other parameters are unique to TTS-1.
- Since VST instruments cannot use exclusive messages, some of the functions defined by General MIDI 2 are assigned to NRPNs to be used with the TTS-1.

Here is a description of the Effect Edit window's buttons and controls:

- Chorus:
- ON/OFF [NRPN 58H 50H]--turns the chorus on/off.
- Chorus Type (GM2) [NRPN 58H 51H]-- Selects the chorus type.
- RATE (GM2) [NRPN 58H 52H]--sets the modulation frequency of the chorus sound.
- DEPTH (GM2) [NRPN 58H 53H]--sets the modulation depth of the chorus.
- FEEDBACK (GM2) [NRPN 58H 54H]--Sets the amount of post-chorus sound that is returned (feedback) to the input of the chorus. Increasing this value will produce a more complex chorus effect.
- REV SND LEVEL (GM2) [NRPN 58H 55H]--Sets the level of the output to reverb.
- Reverb:
- ON/OFF [NRPN 58H 40H]--Switches the reverb on/off.
- Reverb Type (GM2) [NRPN 58H 41H]--Type Selects the reverb type
- TIME (GM2) [NRPN 58H 42H]--Adjusts the length of reverberation

# Using the System Settings Window

When you click the SYSTEM button in the Mixer window, the System Settings window will appear. In the System Settings window you can set the master tuning, master key shift, and polyphony limit.

Note : some parameters below are labeled GM2 (General MIDI 2). GM2 parameters will change in response to GM2-compatible MIDI messages. The other parameters are unique to TTS-1.

Here is a description of the System Settings window's buttons and controls:

- MASTER TUNE (GM2) [NRPN 58H 71H]--sets the master tuning in 0.1Hz steps.
- MASTER KEY SHIFT (GM2) [NRPN 58H 72H]--sets the master key shift in semitone steps.
- POLYPHONY LIMIT--specifies the maximum number of voices that can be sounded simultaneously. Note: for some sounds, a single note may use more than one voice.
- Option--clicking this button opens the Options dialog, where you can assign different parts to different audio outputs, load and save performance files and control change maps, enable the recording of button and slider movements from the TTS-1 interface, and enable other options.

The Options Dialog

The Options dialog has the following fields:

- Output Assign tab--use this tab to assign any of the 16 parts to any of the TTS-1's 4 audio outputs. If you don't want to use multiple outputs, uncheck the Use Multiple Outputs checkbox to conserve computer resources. To reset the parts to their default output (output 1), click the Reset button. Note : to use multiple outputs, your project must have a separate audio track for each output. The input of each audio track must be set to the TTS-1 output you want to use in that audio track.
- Options tab--use this tab to choose the following options:
- Performance File Load/Save--you can save the current performance settings as a separate file to use in other applications if you want. You can load any files you saved by clicking the Load button.
- Control Change Map Load/Save--when you record or draw automation for the TTS-1 in your sequencer application, the control change map you've loaded determines how many parameters you can automate.
- Record Panel Operations--when this checkbox is enabled, you can move controls in the TTS-1 and record the movements as automation.
- Tone Remain--You can switch sounds or rhythm sets without silencing the currently sounding notes. This allows you to unobtrusively switch between sounds while playing. If the Tone Remain function is enabled, the state of settings such as pitch bend and portamento will be maintained even when you switch sounds.
- Enable Phrase Preview--when this checkbox is enabled, holding down a Preview button in the Mixer or Edit windows plays a musical phrase from the selected instrument, instead of just a single note.
- Light Load Mode--This setting lightens the processing load of your computer by simplifying some of the internal processing of the sound generator.

# Saving User Sounds

Here's how you can create user sounds and drum sets by editing the sounds that are built into TTS-1.

To Save a User Sound

1. Click the Edit button in the Mixer window.

2. Click the sound name, and select a sound from the menu that appears.

3. Edit the parameters in the Part Edit window or Rhythm Edit window to create the desired sound.

4. Click the Preview button to audition the sound you've created.

5. Double-click the sound name.

6. Input a name for the sound into the dialog box that appears. Note : The sound name can consist of up to 12 characters.

7. Click OK.

8. Click the WRITE button to access the menu.

9. In the menu that appears, click the location where you want to save your sound.

10. When the dialog box appears, click OK.

To Load a User Sound

1. Click the name field of the Mixer window.

2. Choose either User Normal or User Rhythm from the menu that appears, to select a user sound that's been saved.

The user sound has now been loaded.

To Save a User Bank to a File

1. Click the name field in the Mixer window.

2. From the menu that appears, choose Save Bank .

3. When the dialog box appears, select either User Bank 1, User Bank 2, User Bank 3, User Bank 4, or User Rhythm to choose the bank you intend to save.

4. Click OK.

5. When a dialog box appears, allowing you to specify the location at which the file will be saved, specify the saving location and input a filename.

6. Click Save.

The user bank has now been saved.

To Load a User Bank

1. In the Mixer window, click the name field.

2. From the menu that appears, choose Load Bank.

3. When the dialog box appears, select the file that you want to load.

4. When the Bank Select dialog box appears, select either User Bank 1, User Bank 2, User Bank 3, User Bank 4.

5. When the confirmation dialog box appears, click OK.

The user bank has now been loaded.

# Controlling the TTS-1 from a MIDI Controller

You can control knobs and sliders in the Mixer window, Effect window, Part Edit window, and System window from a MIDI controller.

To Control a TTS-1 Knob or Slider from a MIDI Controller

1. Right-click the TTS-1 knob or slider that you want to control.

2. The Control Change Assign dialog appears.

3. Either fill in the controller and the MIDI channel of the control on your MIDI controller that you want to use to control the TTS-1 with, or check the Learn checkbox and then move the control on your controller that you want to use. If you change your mind click the Clear button.

4. If you want the TTS-1 knob or slider to respond to the control on your controller regardless of what MIDI channel the controller transmits, check the Apply to All Parts Checkbox.

5. Click OK.

# Parameter Control Via MIDI

Most of the parameters that can be set from the panel of this software can be edited using MIDI control changes and RPN (Registered Parameter Number) or NRPN (Non-Registered Parameter Number) messages.

- Parameters GM2 are parameters defined by GM2 (General MIDI 2). These parameters will change in response to GM2-compatible MIDI messages.
- Since the VST instruments cannot use exclusive messages, some of the functions defined by General MIDI 2 are assigned to NRPNs to be used with the TTS-1.
- References to [CC#(number)] indicate control change numbers.
- References to [RPN (number)] indicate the MSB/LSB of the RPN that can be used to control the corresponding parameter.
- References to [NRPN (number)] indicate the MSB/LSB of the NRPN that can be used to control the corresponding parameter.

For details, refer to the MIDI implementation.

# Troubleshooting

Here's a list of common problems and solutions:

Sound is too loud/too soft/cannot be heard

Check the following points.

- Check the Mixer window master volume setting.
- If the MIDI indicator for each part in the Mixer window are not blinking, it is possible that MIDI messages are not being input correctly to TTS-1. Check the following settings on your host application.
- Make sure that TTS-1 is selected as the output destination for the MIDI tracks that are playing.
- Check the MIDI channel, volume, and mute settings for the MIDI tracks that are playing.
- If the Mixer window level meters are moving, it is possible that there is a problem with the audio output settings. Check the following points.
- Check the audio volume of the host application. Also make sure that the audio device you are using has been correctly selected.
- Check the volume and other necessary settings for your audio device.
- Check the connections and volume of your audio system (amp, speakers, etc.)
- If a heavy processing load is placed on your computer, your host application may stop processing audio, causing the sound to stop. Refer to the troubleshooting items for "[2] Sound is interrupted/playback tempo is irregular/playback stops midway through."

Sound is interrupted/playback tempo is irregular/playback stops midway through

Check the following items.

- If your host application allows you to adjust the size of the audio buffer, try increasing the buffer size. Note : Increasing the buffer size will increase the delay (latency) of the sound.
- It is possible that playback cannot be performed correctly because other software is placing a processing load on the computer. Please exit any software you are not using.
- Refer to the troubleshooting section in the documentation for your host application or audio device. Suggestions on how to solve problems with audio playback may be effective for this situation as well.
- Try decreasing the POLYPHONY LIMIT in the System settings window.
- In the Effect Edit window, try turning [CHORUS] and/or [REVERB] off.

Note, however, that if the MIDI data you are attempting to play is of such complexity that it requires sound processing capabilities that are well beyond those of your computer, these measures may not help.

Notes are delayed

Check the following points.

- If your host application allows you to adjust the size of the audio buffer, try decreasing the buffer size. Note : decreasing the buffer size too much may cause notes to be interrupted or fail to sound. Make this setting as appropriate for the performance of your computer and audio device.
- If the documentation for your host application or audio device contains suggestions on how to fix problems with delayed notes, follow those suggestions.

Depending on the performance of your computer, and on the specifications of your host application and audio device, it may not be possible to resolve this problem.

Insufficient polyphony/Notes are omitted

It is possible that this is being limited by the maximum polyphony setting. Check the LIMIT setting for POLYPHONY in the System Setting window. Note: You can check the actual polyphony in the [POLYPHONY] area of the Mixer window.

Sound is distorted

Check the following points.

- Try lowering the master volume in the Mixer window.

Effects (reverb/chorus) are not applied to the rhythm part

For the drum part, the effect send amount (send level) is set individually for each drum instrument.
Even if the send level of the drum part is specified from the Mixer window, or from within the music data, there will be no effect if the send level of each instrument is turned down.
Make sure that the music data also specifies the send level of each instrument to which you want to apply the effect.

For details on effect send level settings for drum instruments, refer to See Using the Rhythm Edit Window.

Failure to plug-in

Check the following points.

- TTS-1 can be used only with the following audio formats. Check the audio format of your host application.

Sampling frequency [kHz] | 44.1, 48, 96
Number of channels | 2

- It is possible that your computer does not have enough memory. Try exiting any other applications that you are not using. If failure to plug-in occurs frequently due to insufficient memory, we recommend that you install additional memory in your computer.

# GM2 Instrument List

PC# | CC32 | Instrument Name
1 | 0 | Piano 1
| 1 | Piano 1 st.
| 2 | Piano 1d
2 | 0 | Piano 2
| 1 | Piano 2 st.
3 | 0 | Piano 3
| 1 | Piano 3 w
4 | 0 | Honky-tonk
| 1 | Honky-tonk w
5 | 0 | E.Piano 1
| 1 | Detuned EP1
| 2 | E.Piano 1 v
| 3 | 60's E.Piano
6 | 0 | E.Piano 2
| 1 | Detuned EP2
| 2 | E.Piano 2v
| 3 | EP Legend
| 4 | EP Phase
7 | 0 | Harpsichord
| 1 | Coupl hps.
| 2 | Harpsi.w
| 3 | Harpsi.o
8 | 0 | Clav.
| 1 | Pulse Clav
9 | 0 | Celesta
10 | 0 | Glockenspiel
11 | 0 | Music Box
12 | 0 | Vibraphone
| 1 | Vibraphone w
13 | 0 | Marimba
| 1 | Marimba w
14 | 0 | Xylophone
15 | 0 | Tubular-bell
| 1 | Church Bell
| 2 | Carillon
16 | 0 | Santur
17 | 0 | Organ 1
| 1 | Detuned Or.1
| 2 | Organ 60
| 3 | Organ 4
18 | 0 | Organ 2
| 1 | DetuneOr.2
| 2 | Organ 5
19 | 0 | Organ 3
20 | 0 | Church 1
| 1 | Church 2
| 2 | Church 3
21 | 0 | Reed Organ
| 1 | Puff Org.
22 | 0 | Accordion F
| 1 | Accordion I
23 | 0 | Harmonica
24 | 0 | Bandneon
25 | 0 | Nylon Gt.
| 1 | Ukulele
| 2 | Nylon o
| 3 | Nylon Gt.2
26 | 0 | Steel-str.Gt
| 1 | 12-Str.Gt
| 2 | Mandolin
| 3 | Steel+Body
27 | 0 | Jazz Gt.
| 1 | Pedal Steel
28 | 0 | Clean Gt
| 1 | Clean Harf
| 2 | Mid Tone Gt.
29 | 0 | Muted Gt.
| 1 | Funk Gt.
| 2 | Funk Gt. 2
| 3 | Jazz Man
30 | 0 | Overdrive Gt
| 1 | Gt.Pinch
31 | 0 | DistortionGt
| 1 | Feedback Gt.
| 2 | DistRythm Gt
32 | 0 | Gt.Harmonics
| 1 | Gt.Feedback
33 | 0 | Acoustic Bs.
34 | 0 | Fingered Bs.
| 1 | FingerJ.Bass
35 | 0 | Picked Bass
36 | 0 | Fretless Bs.
37 | 0 | Slap Bass 1
38 | 0 | Slap Bass 2
39 | 0 | Synth Bass 1
| 1 | SynthBass101
| 2 | Acid Bass
| 3 | Clavi Bass
| 4 | Hammer
40 | 0 | Synth Bass 2
| 1 | Beef FM Bs
| 2 | Rubber Bass
| 3 | Attack Pulse
41 | 0 | Violin
| 1 | Slow Violin
42 | 0 | Viola
43 | 0 | Cello
44 | 0 | Contrabass
45 | 0 | Tremolo Str
46 | 0 | PizzicatoStr
47 | 0 | Harp
| 1 | Yangqin
48 | 0 | Timpani
49 | 0 | Strings
| 1 | Orchestra
| 2 | 60'Strings
50 | 0 | Slow Strings
51 | 0 | Syn.Strings1
| 1 | Syn.Strings3
52 | 0 | Syn.Strings2
53 | 0 | Choir Aahs
| 1 | Choir Aahs 2
54 | 0 | Voice Oohs
| 1 | Hamming
55 | 0 | SynVox
| 1 | Ana Voice
56 | 0 | Orchestrahit
| 1 | Bass Hit
| 2 | 6th Hit
| 3 | Euro Hit
57 | 0 | Trumpet
| 1 | Dark Trumpet
58 | 0 | Trombone
| 1 | Trombone 2
| 2 | Brite Bone
59 | 0 | Tuba
60 | 0 | Mt Trumpet
| 1 | Mt Trumpet2
61 | 0 | French Horns
| 1 | Fr.Horn
62 | 0 | Brass 1
| 1 | Brass 2
63 | 0 | SynthBrass 1
| 1 | SynthBrass 3
| 2 | Oct.SynBrass
| 3 | Jump Brass
64 | 0 | SynthBrass 2
| 1 | SynthBrass 4
| 2 | Velo Brass
65 | 0 | Soprano Sax
66 | 0 | Alto Sax
67 | 0 | Tenor Sax
68 | 0 | Bariton Sax
69 | 0 | Oboe
70 | 0 | EnglishHorn
71 | 0 | Bassoon
72 | 0 | Clarinet
73 | 0 | Piccolo
74 | 0 | Flute
75 | 0 | Recorder
76 | 0 | Pan Flute
77 | 0 | Bottle Blow
78 | 0 | Shakuhachi
79 | 0 | Whistle
80 | 0 | Ocarina
81 | 0 | Square Wave
| 1 | Square
| 2 | Sine Wave
82 | 0 | Saw Wave
| 1 | Saw
| 2 | Doctor Solo
| 3 | Natural Lead
| 4 | SequencedSaw
83 | 0 | Syn.Calliope
84 | 0 | Chiffer Lead
85 | 0 | Charang
| 1 | Wire Lead
86 | 0 | Solo Vox
87 | 0 | 5th SawWave
88 | 0 | Bass & Lead
| 1 | DelayedLead
89 | 0 | Fantasia
90 | 0 | Warm Pad
| 1 | Sine Pad
91 | 0 | Polysynth
92 | 0 | SpaceVoice
| 1 | Itopia
93 | 0 | BowedGlass
94 | 0 | Metal Pad
95 | 0 | Halo Pad
96 | 0 | Sweep Pad
97 | 0 | Ice Rain
98 | 0 | Soundtrack
99 | 0 | Crystal
| 1 | Syn Mallet
100 | 0 | Atmosphere
101 | 0 | Brightness
102 | 0 | Goblin
103 | 0 | Echo Drops
| 1 | Echo Bell
| 2 | Echo Pan
104 | 0 | Star Theme
105 | 0 | Sitar
| 1 | Sitar 2
106 | 0 | Banjo
107 | 0 | Shamisen
108 | 0 | Koto
| 1 | Taisho Koto
109 | 0 | Kalimba
110 | 0 | Bag Pipe
111 | 0 | Fiddle
112 | 0 | Shanai
113 | 0 | Tinkle Bell
114 | 0 | Agogo
115 | 0 | Steel Drums
116 | 0 | Woodblock
| 1 | Castanet
117 | 0 | Taiko
| 1 | Concert BD
118 | 0 | Melo. Tom 1
| 1 | Melo. Tom 2
119 | 0 | Synth Drum
| 1 | 808 tom
| 2 | Elec Perc
120 | 0 | Reverse Cym.
121 | 0 | GtFret Noise
| 1 | Gt.Cut Noise
| 2 | Slap_St.Bass
122 | 0 | Breath Noise
| 1 | Fl.Key Click
123 | 0 | Seashore
| 1 | Rain
| 2 | Thunder
| 3 | Wind
| 4 | Stream
| 5 | Bubble
124 | 0 | Bird Tweet
| 1 | Dog
| 2 | Horse Gallop
| 3 | Bird Tweet 2
125 | 0 | Telephone
| 1 | Telephone 2
| 2 | Door Creak
| 3 | Door
| 4 | Scratch
| 5 | Wind Chimes
126 | 0 | Helicopter
| 1 | Car-Engine
| 2 | Car-Stop
| 3 | Car-Pass
| 4 | Car-Crash
| 5 | Siren
| 6 | Train
| 7 | Jetplane
| 8 | Starship
127 | 0 | Applause
| 1 | Laughing
| 2 | Screaming
| 3 | Punch
| 4 | Heart Beat
| 5 | Footsteps
128 | 0 | Gunshot
| 1 | Machine Gun
| 2 | Lasergun
| 3 | Explosion

# GM2 Rhythm Tone List

PC# | Instrument Name
1 | Standard Set
9 | Room Set
17 | Power Set
25 | Electric Set
26 | Analog Set
33 | Jazz Set
41 | Brush Set
49 | OrchestraSet
57 | SFX Set

Standard Set

Note# | Instrument Name
Eb1[27] | High Q
E 1[28] | Slap
F 1[29] | Scratch Push
F#1[30] | Scratch Pull
G 1[31] | Sticks
G#1[32] | Square Click
A 1[33] | Metron Click
Bb1[34] | Metron Bell
B 1[35] | Kick Drum 2
C 2[36] | Kick Drum 1
C#2[37] | Side Stick
D 2[38] | Aco.Snare
Eb2[39] | Hand Clap
E 2[40] | Elec.Snare
F 2[41] | Low Tom 2
F#2[42] | ClosedHi-hat
G 2[43] | Low Tom 1
G#2[44] | Pedal Hi-hat
A 2[45] | Mid Tom 2
Bb2[46] | Open Hi-hat
B 2[47] | Mid Tom 1
C 3[48] | Hi Tom 2
C#3[49] | CrasTTS-iymbal1
D 3[50] | Hi Tom 1
Eb3[51] | Ride Cymbal1
E 3[52] | China Cymbal
F 3[53] | Ride Bell
F#3[54] | Tambourine
G 3[55] | SplasTTS-iymbal
G#3[56] | Cowbell
A 3[57] | CrasTTS-iymbal2
Bb3[58] | Vibra-slap
B 3[59] | Ride Cymbal2
C 4[60] | High Bongo
C#4[61] | Low Bongo
D 4[62] | MuteHi Conga
Eb4[63] | OpenHi Conga
E 4[64] | Low Conga
F 4[65] | High Timbale
F#4[66] | Low Timbale
G 4[67] | High Agogo
G#4[68] | Low Agogo
A 4[69] | Cabasa
Bb4[70] | Maracas
B 4[71] | ShortWhistle
C 5[72] | Long Whistle
C#5[73] | Short Guiro
D 5[74] | Long Guiro
Eb5[75] | Claves
E 5[76] | Hi WoodBlock
F 5[77] | LowWoodBlock
F#5[78] | Mute Cuica
G 5[79] | Open Cuica
G#5[80] | MuteTriangle
A 5[81] | OpenTriangle
Bb5[82] | Shaker
B 5[83] | Jingle Bell
C 6[84] | Bell Tree
C#6[85] | Castanets
D 6[86] | Mute Surdo
Eb6[87] | Open Surdo

Room Set

Note# | Instrument Name
Eb1[27] | High Q
E 1[28] | Slap
F 1[29] | Scratch Push
F#1[30] | Scratch Pull
G 1[31] | Sticks
G#1[32] | Square Click
A 1[33] | Metron Click
Bb1[34] | Metron Bell
B 1[35] | Room Kick 2
C 2[36] | Room Kick 1
C#2[37] | Side Stick
D 2[38] | Room Snare
Eb2[39] | Hand Clap
E 2[40] | Elec.Snare
F 2[41] | Room LowTom2
F#2[42] | ClosedHi-hat
G 2[43] | Room LowTom1
G#2[44] | Pedal Hi-hat
A 2[45] | Room MidTom2
Bb2[46] | Open Hi-hat
B 2[47] | Room MidTom1
C 3[48] | Room Hi Tom2
C#3[49] | CrasTTS-iymbal1
D 3[50] | Room Hi Tom1
Eb3[51] | Ride Cymbal1
E 3[52] | China Cymbal
F 3[53] | Ride Bell
F#3[54] | Tambourine
G 3[55] | SplasTTS-iymbal
G#3[56] | Cowbell
A 3[57] | CrasTTS-iymbal2
Bb3[58] | Vibra-slap
B 3[59] | Ride Cymbal2
C 4[60] | High Bongo
C#4[61] | Low Bongo
D 4[62] | MuteHi Conga
Eb4[63] | OpenHi Conga
E 4[64] | Low Conga
F 4[65] | High Timbale
F#4[66] | Low Timbale
G 4[67] | High Agogo
G#4[68] | Low Agogo
A 4[69] | Cabasa
Bb4[70] | Maracas
B 4[71] | ShortWhistle
C 5[72] | Long Whistle
C#5[73] | Short Guiro
D 5[74] | Long Guiro
Eb5[75] | Claves
E 5[76] | Hi WoodBlock
F 5[77] | LowWoodBlock
F#5[78] | Mute Cuica
G 5[79] | Open Cuica
G#5[80] | MuteTriangle
A 5[81] | OpenTriangle
Bb5[82] | Shaker
B 5[83] | Jingle Bell
C 6[84] | Bell Tree
C#6[85] | Castanets
D 6[86] | Mute Surdo
Eb6[87] | Open Surdo

Power Set

Note# | Instrument Name
Eb1[27] | High Q
E 1[28] | Slap
F 1[29] | Scratch Push
F#1[30] | Scratch Pull
G 1[31] | Sticks
G#1[32] | Square Click
A 1[33] | Metron Click
Bb1[34] | Metron Bell
B 1[35] | Kick Drum 2
C 2[36] | Power Kick
C#2[37] | Side Stick
D 2[38] | Power Snare
Eb2[39] | Hand Clap
E 2[40] | Elec.Snare
F 2[41] | PowerLowTom2
F#2[42] | ClosedHi-hat
G 2[43] | PowerLowTom1
G#2[44] | Pedal Hi-hat
A 2[45] | PowerMidTom2
Bb2[46] | Open Hi-hat
B 2[47] | PowerMidTom1
C 3[48] | Power HiTom2
C#3[49] | CrasTTS-iymbal1
D 3[50] | Power HiTom1
Eb3[51] | Ride Cymbal1
E 3[52] | China Cymbal
F 3[53] | Ride Bell
F#3[54] | Tambourine
G 3[55] | SplasTTS-iymbal
G#3[56] | Cowbell
A 3[57] | CrasTTS-iymbal2
Bb3[58] | Vibra-slap
B 3[59] | Ride Cymbal2
C 4[60] | High Bongo
C#4[61] | Low Bongo
D 4[62] | MuteHi Conga
Eb4[63] | OpenHi Conga
E 4[64] | Low Conga
F 4[65] | High Timbale
F#4[66] | Low Timbale
G 4[67] | High Agogo
G#4[68] | Low Agogo
A 4[69] | Cabasa
Bb4[70] | Maracas
B 4[71] | ShortWhistle
C 5[72] | Long Whistle
C#5[73] | Short Guiro
D 5[74] | Long Guiro
Eb5[75] | Claves
E 5[76] | Hi WoodBlock
F 5[77] | LowWoodBlock
F#5[78] | Mute Cuica
G 5[79] | Open Cuica
G#5[80] | MuteTriangle
A 5[81] | OpenTriangle
Bb5[82] | Shaker
B 5[83] | Jingle Bell
C 6[84] | Bell Tree
C#6[85] | Castanets
D 6[86] | Mute Surdo
Eb6[87] | Open Surdo

Electric Set

Note# | Instrument Name
Eb1[27] | High Q
E 1[28] | Slap
F 1[29] | Scratch Push
F#1[30] | Scratch Pull
G 1[31] | Sticks
G#1[32] | Square Click
A 1[33] | Metron Click
Bb1[34] | Metron Bell
B 1[35] | Kick Drum 2
C 2[36] | Elec.Kick 1
C#2[37] | Side Stick
D 2[38] | E.SnareDrum1
Eb2[39] | Hand Clap
E 2[40] | E.SnareDrum2
F 2[41] | E.Low Tom 2
F#2[42] | ClosedHi-hat
G 2[43] | E.Low Tom 1
G#2[44] | Pedal Hi-hat
A 2[45] | E.Mid Tom 2
Bb2[46] | Open Hi-hat
B 2[47] | E.Mid Tom 1
C 3[48] | E.Hi Tom 2
C#3[49] | CrasTTS-iymbal1
D 3[50] | E.Hi Tom 1
Eb3[51] | Ride Cymbal1
E 3[52] | Reverse Cym.
F 3[53] | Ride Bell
F#3[54] | Tambourine
G 3[55] | SplasTTS-iymbal
G#3[56] | Cowbell
A 3[57] | CrasTTS-iymbal2
Bb3[58] | Vibra-slap
B 3[59] | Ride Cymbal2
C 4[60] | High Bongo
C#4[61] | Low Bongo
D 4[62] | MuteHi Conga
Eb4[63] | OpenHi Conga
E 4[64] | Low Conga
F 4[65] | High Timbale
F#4[66] | Low Timbale
G 4[67] | High Agogo
G#4[68] | Low Agogo
A 4[69] | Cabasa
Bb4[70] | Maracas
B 4[71] | ShortWhistle
C 5[72] | Long Whistle
C#5[73] | Short Guiro
D 5[74] | Long Guiro
Eb5[75] | Claves
E 5[76] | Hi WoodBlock
F 5[77] | LowWoodBlock
F#5[78] | Mute Cuica
G 5[79] | Open Cuica
G#5[80] | MuteTriangle
A 5[81] | OpenTriangle
Bb5[82] | Shaker
B 5[83] | Jingle Bell
C 6[84] | Bell Tree
C#6[85] | Castanets
D 6[86] | Mute Surdo
Eb6[87] | Open Surdo

Analog Set

Note# | Instrument Name
Eb1[27] | High Q
E 1[28] | Slap
F 1[29] | Scratch Push
F#1[30] | Scratch Pull
G 1[31] | Sticks
G#1[32] | Square Click
A 1[33] | Metron Click
Bb1[34] | Metron Bell
B 1[35] | Kick Drum 2
C 2[36] | Ana.Kick
C#2[37] | Ana.Rim Sho
D 2[38] | Ana.Snare 1
Eb2[39] | Hand Clap
E 2[40] | Elec.Snare
F 2[41] | Ana.Low Tom2
F#2[42] | Closed Hi-ha
G 2[43] | Ana.Low Tom1
G#2[44] | ClosedHi-hat
A 2[45] | Ana.Mid Tom2
Bb2[46] | Closed Hi-ha
B 2[47] | Ana.Mid Tom1
C 3[48] | Ana.Hi Tom2
C#3[49] | Ana.Cymbal
D 3[50] | Ana.Hi Tom1
Eb3[51] | Ride Cymbal1
E 3[52] | China Cymbal
F 3[53] | Ride Bell
F#3[54] | Tambourine
G 3[55] | SplasTTS-iymbal
G#3[56] | Ana.Cowbell
A 3[57] | CrasTTS-iymbal2
Bb3[58] | Vibra-slap
B 3[59] | Ride Cymbal2
C 4[60] | High Bongo
C#4[61] | Low Bongo
D 4[62] | Ana.Hi Conga
Eb4[63] | Ana.MidConga
E 4[64] | Ana.LowConga
F 4[65] | High Timbale
F#4[66] | Low Timbale
G 4[67] | High Agogo
G#4[68] | Low Agogo
A 4[69] | Cabasa
Bb4[70] | Ana.Maracas
B 4[71] | ShortWhistle
C 5[72] | Long Whistle
C#5[73] | Short Guiro
D 5[74] | Long Guiro
Eb5[75] | Ana.Claves
E 5[76] | Hi WoodBlock
F 5[77] | LowWoodBlock
F#5[78] | Mute Cuica
G 5[79] | Open Cuica
G#5[80] | MuteTriangle
A 5[81] | OpenTriangle
Bb5[82] | Shaker
B 5[83] | Jingle Bell
C 6[84] | Bell Tree
C#6[85] | Castanets
D 6[86] | Mute Surdo
Eb6[87] | Open Surdo

Jazz Set

Note# | Instrument Name
Eb1[27] | High Q
E 1[28] | Slap
F 1[29] | Scratch Push
F#1[30] | Scratch Pull
G 1[31] | Sticks
G#1[32] | Square Click
A 1[33] | Metron Click
Bb1[34] | Metron Bell
B 1[35] | Jazz Kick 2
C 2[36] | Jazz Kick 1
C#2[37] | Side Stick
D 2[38] | Jazz Snare
Eb2[39] | Hand Clap
E 2[40] | Elec.Snare
F 2[41] | Low Tom 2
F#2[42] | ClosedHi-hat
G 2[43] | Low Tom 1
G#2[44] | Pedal Hi-hat
A 2[45] | Mid Tom 2
Bb2[46] | Open Hi-hat
B 2[47] | Mid Tom 1
C 3[48] | Hi Tom 2
C#3[49] | CrasTTS-iymbal1
D 3[50] | Hi Tom 1
Eb3[51] | Ride Cymbal1
E 3[52] | China Cymbal
F 3[53] | Ride Bell
F#3[54] | Tambourine
G 3[55] | SplasTTS-iymbal
G#3[56] | Cowbell
A 3[57] | CrasTTS-iymbal2
Bb3[58] | Vibra-slap
B 3[59] | Ride Cymbal2
C 4[60] | High Bongo
C#4[61] | Low Bongo
D 4[62] | MuteHi Conga
Eb4[63] | OpenHi Conga
E 4[64] | Low Conga
F 4[65] | High Timbale
F#4[66] | Low Timbale
G 4[67] | High Agogo
G#4[68] | Low Agogo
A 4[69] | Cabasa
Bb4[70] | Maracas
B 4[71] | ShortWhistle
C 5[72] | Long Whistle
C#5[73] | Short Guiro
D 5[74] | Long Guiro
Eb5[75] | Claves
E 5[76] | Hi WoodBlock
F 5[77] | LowWoodBlock
F#5[78] | Mute Cuica
G 5[79] | Open Cuica
G#5[80] | MuteTriangle
A 5[81] | OpenTriangle
Bb5[82] | Shaker
B 5[83] | Jingle Bell
C 6[84] | Bell Tree
C#6[85] | Castanets
D 6[86] | Mute Surdo
Eb6[87] | Open Surdo

Brush Set

Note# | Instrument Name
Eb1[27] | High Q
E 1[28] | Slap
F 1[29] | Scratch Push
F#1[30] | Scratch Pull
G 1[31] | Sticks
G#1[32] | Square Click
A 1[33] | Metron Click
Bb1[34] | Metron Bell
B 1[35] | Jazz Kick 2
C 2[36] | Jazz Kick 1
C#2[37] | Side Stick
D 2[38] | Brush Tap
Eb2[39] | Brush Slap
E 2[40] | Brush Swirl
F 2[41] | BrushLowTom2
F#2[42] | ClosedHi-hat
G 2[43] | BrushLowTom1
G#2[44] | Pedal Hi-hat
A 2[45] | BrushMidTom2
Bb2[46] | Open Hi-hat
B 2[47] | BrushMidTom1
C 3[48] | Brush HiTom2
C#3[49] | CrasTTS-iymbal1
D 3[50] | Brush HiTom1
Eb3[51] | Ride Cymbal1
E 3[52] | China Cymbal
F 3[53] | Ride Bell
F#3[54] | Tambourine
G 3[55] | SplasTTS-iymbal
G#3[56] | Cowbell
A 3[57] | CrasTTS-iymbal2
Bb3[58] | Vibra-slap
B 3[59] | Ride Cymbal2
C 4[60] | High Bongo
C#4[61] | Low Bongo
D 4[62] | MuteHi Conga
Eb4[63] | OpenHi Conga
E 4[64] | Low Conga
F 4[65] | High Timbale
F#4[66] | Low Timbale
G 4[67] | High Agogo
G#4[68] | Low Agogo
A 4[69] | Cabasa
Bb4[70] | Maracas
B 4[71] | ShortWhistle
C 5[72] | Long Whistle
C#5[73] | Short Guiro
D 5[74] | Long Guiro
Eb5[75] | Claves
E 5[76] | Hi WoodBlock
F 5[77] | LowWoodBlock
F#5[78] | Mute Cuica
G 5[79] | Open Cuica
G#5[80] | MuteTriangle
A 5[81] | OpenTriangle
Bb5[82] | Shaker
B 5[83] | Jingle Bell
C 6[84] | Bell Tree
C#6[85] | Castanets
D 6[86] | Mute Surdo
Eb6[87] | Open Surdo

OrchestraSet

Note# | Instrument Name
Eb1[27] | ClosedHi-hat
E 1[28] | Pedal Hi-hat
F 1[29] | Open Hi-hat
F#1[30] | Ride Cymbal1
G 1[31] | Sticks
G#1[32] | Square Click
A 1[33] | Metron Click
Bb1[34] | Metron Bell
B 1[35] | Concert BD 2
C 2[36] | Concert BD 1
C#2[37] | Side Stick
D 2[38] | Concert SD
Eb2[39] | Castanets
E 2[40] | Concert SD
F 2[41] | Timpani F
F#2[42] | Timpani F#
G 2[43] | Timpani G
G#2[44] | Timpani G#
A 2[45] | Timpani A
Bb2[46] | Timpani A#
B 2[47] | Timpani B
C 3[48] | Timpani c
C#3[49] | Timpani c#
D 3[50] | Timpani d
Eb3[51] | Timpani d#
E 3[52] | Timpani e
F 3[53] | Timpani f
F#3[54] | Tambourine
G 3[55] | SplasTTS-iymbal
G#3[56] | Cowbell
A 3[57] | Concert Cym2
Bb3[58] | Vibra-slap
B 3[59] | Concert Cym1
C 4[60] | High Bongo
C#4[61] | Low Bongo
D 4[62] | MuteHi Conga
Eb4[63] | OpenHi Conga
E 4[64] | Low Conga
F 4[65] | High Timbale
F#4[66] | Low Timbale
G 4[67] | High Agogo
G#4[68] | Low Agogo
A 4[69] | Cabasa
Bb4[70] | Maracas
B 4[71] | ShortWhistle
C 5[72] | Long Whistle
C#5[73] | Short Guiro
D 5[74] | Long Guiro
Eb5[75] | Claves
E 5[76] | Hi WoodBlock
F 5[77] | LowWoodBlock
F#5[78] | Mute Cuica
G 5[79] | Open Cuica
G#5[80] | MuteTriangle
A 5[81] | OpenTriangle
Bb5[82] | Shaker
B 5[83] | Jingle Bell
C 6[84] | Bell Tree
C#6[85] | Castanets
D 6[86] | Mute Surdo
Eb6[87] | Open Surdo
E 6[88] | Applause

SFX Set

Note# | Instrument Name
Eb2[39] | High Q
E 2[40] | Slap
F 2[41] | Scratch Push
F#2[42] | Scratch Pull
G 2[43] | Sticks
G#2[44] | Square Click
A 2[45] | Metron Click
Bb2[46] | Metron Bell
B 2[47] | GtFret Noise
C 3[48] | Cut Noise Up
C#3[49] | Cut Noise Dw
D 3[50] | Slap_St.Bass
Eb3[51] | Fl.Key Click
E 3[52] | Laughing
F 3[53] | Scream
F#3[54] | Punch
G 3[55] | Heart Beat
G#3[56] | Footsteps 1
A 3[57] | Footsteps 2
Bb3[58] | Applause
B 3[59] | Door Creak
C 4[60] | Door
C#4[61] | Scratch
D 4[62] | Wind Chimes
Eb4[63] | Car-Engine
E 4[64] | Car-Stop
F 4[65] | Car-Pass
F#4[66] | Car-Crash
G 4[67] | Siren
G#4[68] | Train
A 4[69] | Jetplane
Bb4[70] | Helicopter
B 4[71] | Starship
C 5[72] | Gun Shot
C#5[73] | Machine Gun
D 5[74] | Lasergun
Eb5[75] | Explosion
E 5[76] | Dog
F 5[77] | Horse-Gallop
F#5[78] | Birds
G 5[79] | Rain
G#5[80] | Thunder
A 5[81] | Wind
Bb5[82] | Seashore
B 5[83] | Stream
C 6[84] | Bubble

# MIDI Implementation

Function ... | Transmitted | Recognized | Remarks |
Basic Channel | Default | x | 1-16 |
| Changed | x | 1-16 |
Mode | Default | x | Mode 3 | *2
| Messages | x | Mode 3, 4 (M = 1) |
| Altered | ******* |  |
Note Number |  | x | 0-127 |
| True voice | ******* | 0-127 |
Velocity | Note ON | x | o |
| Note OFF | x | x |
After Touch | Key's | x | x |
| Ch's | x | o *1 |
Pitch Bend | x | o |  |
Control Change | 0, 32 | x | o | Bank select
| 1 | x | o | Modulation
| 5 | x | o | Portamento time
| 6, 38 | x | o | Data entry
| 7 | x | o | Volume
| 10 | x | o | Panpot
| 11 | x | o | Expression
| 64 | x | o | Hold1
| 65 | x | o | Portamento
| 66 | x | o | Sostenuto
| 67 | x | o | Soft
| 71 | x | o | Resonance
| 72 | x | o | Release Time
| 73 | x | o | Attack Time
| 74 | x | o | Cutoff
| 75 | x | o | Decay Time
| 76 | x | o | Vibrato Rate
| 77 | x | o | Vibrato Depth
| 78 | x | o | Vibrato Delay
| 91 | x | o (Reverb) | General purpose effects 1
| 93 | x | o (Chorus) | General purpose effects 3
| 98, 99 | x | o | NRPN LSB, MSB
| 100, 101 | x | o | RPN LSB, MSB
Prog Change |  | x | o |
| True # | ******* | 0-127 | Prog.1-128
System Exclusive | x | o |  |
System Common | Song Pos | x | x |
| Song Sel | x | x |
| Tune | x | x |
System Real Times | Clock | x | x |
| Commands | x | x |
Aux Messages | All Sounds OFF | x | o (120, 126, 127) |
| Reset All Controllers | x | o |
| Local ON/OFF | x | x |
| All Notes OFF | x | o (123-125) |
| Active Sensing | x | x |
| System Reset | x | x |
Notes | *1 o x is selectable |  |  |
| *2 Recognize as M = 1 even if M not EQ 1 |  |  |

Mode 1 : OMNI ON, POLY Mode 2 : OMNI ON, MONO | o : Yes
Mode 3 : OMNI OFF, POLY Mode 4 : OMNI OFF, MONO | x : No

Section 1. Receive data

Channel Voice Messages

<Note off>

Status | 2nd byte | 3rd byte
8nH | kkH | vvH
9nH | kkH | 00H

n = MIDI channel number : 0H-FH (ch.1-ch.16)
kk = note number : 00H-7FH (0-127)
vv = note off velocity : 00H-7FH (0-127)

* The velocity values of Note Off messages are ignored.

<Note on>

Status | 2nd byte | 3rd byte
9nH | kkH | vvH

n = MIDI channel number : 0H-FH (ch.1-ch.16)
kk = note number : 00H-7FH (0-127)
vv = note on velocity : 01H-7FH (1-127)

<Control Change>

> Bank Select (Controller number 0, 32)

Status | 2nd byte | 3rd byte
BnH | 00H | mmH
BnH | 20H | llH

n = MIDI channel number : 0H-FH (ch.1-ch.16)
mm, ll = Bank number : 00H, 00H-7FH, 7FH (bank.1-bank.16384), Initial Value = 00 00H (bank.1)

* When sending Bank Select messages, you have to send both the MSB (mmH) and LSB (llH) together.
* Bank Select processing will be suspended until a Program Change message is received.

BANK MSB | BANK LSB | PROGRAM NUMBER | DESCRIPTION
001 | 000 - 003 | 001 - 128 | User Normal
002 | 000 | 001 - 128 | User Rhythm
120 | 000 | 001,009,017, 025,026,033, 041,049,057 | GM2 Rhythm
121 | 000 - 009 | 001 - 128 | GM2 Normal

> Modulation (Controller number 1)

Status | 2nd byte | 3rd byte
BnH | 01H | vvH

n = MIDI channel number : 0H-FH (ch.1-ch.16)
vv = Modulation depth : 00H-7FH (0-127)

> Portamento Time (Controller number 5)

Status | 2nd byte | 3rd byte
BnH | 05H | vvH

n = MIDI channel number : 0H-FH (ch.1-ch.16)
vv = Portamento Time : 00H-7FH (0-127), Initial value = 00H (0)

> Data Entry (Controller number 6, 38)

Status | 2nd byte | 3rd byte
BnH | 06H | mmH
BnH | 26H | llH

n = MIDI channel number : 0H-FH (ch.1-ch.16)
mm, ll = the value of the parameter specified by RPN/NRPN

> Volume (Controller number 7)

Status | 2nd byte | 3rd byte
BnH | 07H | vvH

n = MIDI channel number : 0H-FH (ch.1-ch.16)
vv = Volume : 00H-7FH (0-127), Initial Value = 64H (100)

* Volume messages are used to adjust the volume balance of each Part.

> Pan (Controller number 10)

Status | 2nd byte | 3rd byte
BnH | 0AH | vvH

n = MIDI channel number : 0H-FH (ch.1-ch.16)
vv = pan : 00H-40H-7FH (Left-Center-Right), Initial Value = 40H (Center)

* Pan messages are used to adjust the pan setting of each part.
* For Rhythm Parts, this is a relative adjustment of each Instrument's pan setting.

> Expression (Controller number 11)

Status | 2nd byte | 3rd byte
BnH | 0BH | vvH

n = MIDI channel number : 0H-FH (ch.1-ch.16)
vv = Expression : 00H-7FH (0-127), Initial Value = 7FH (127)

* It can be used independently from Volume messages. Expression messages are used for musical expression within a performance; e.g., expression pedal movements, crescendo and decrescendo.

> Hold 1 (Controller number 64)

Status | 2nd byte | 3rd byte
BnH | 40H | vvH

n = MIDI channel number : 0H-FH (ch.1-ch.16)
vv = Control value : 00H-7FH (0-127) 0-63 = OFF, 64-127 = ON

> Portamento (Controller number 65)

Status | 2nd byte | 3rd byte
BnH | 41H | vvH

n = MIDI channel number : 0H-FH (ch.1-ch.16)
vv = Control value : 00H-7FH (0-127) 0-63 = OFF, 64-127 = ON

> Sostenuto (Controller number 66)

Status | 2nd byte | 3rd byte
BnH | 42H | vvH

n = MIDI channel number : 0H-FH (ch.1-ch.16)
vv = Control value : 00H-7FH (0-127) 0-63 = OFF, 64-127 = ON

> Soft (Controller number 67)

Status | 2nd byte | 3rd byte
BnH | 43H | vvH

n = MIDI channel number : 0H-FH (ch.1-ch.16)
vv = Control value : 00H-7FH (0-127) 0-63 = OFF, 64-127 = ON

* This message is effective only when you use piano sounds.

> Filter Resonance (Timebre/Harmonic Intensity) (Controller number 71)

Status | 2nd byte | 3rd byte
BnH | 47H | vvH

n = MIDI channel number : 0H-FH (ch.1-ch.16)
vv = Resonance value (relative change): 00H-7FH (-64 - 0 - +63), Initial Value = 40H (no change)

> Release Time (Controller number 72)

Status | 2nd byte | 3rd byte
BnH | 48H | vvH

n = MIDI channel number : 0H-FH (ch.1-ch.16)
vv = Release Time value (relative change): 00H-7FH (-64 - 0 - +63), Initial Value = 40H (no change)

> Attack Time (Controller number 73)

Status | 2nd byte | 3rd byte
BnH | 49H | vvH

n = MIDI channel number : 0H-FH (ch.1-ch.16)
vv = Attack Time value (relative change): 00H-7FH (-64 - 0 - +63), Initial Value = 40H (no change)

> Cutoff (Controller number 74)

Status | 2nd byte | 3rd byte
BnH | 4AH | vvH

n = MIDI channel number : 0H-FH (ch.1-ch.16)
vv = Cutoff value (relative change): 00H-7FH (-64 - 0 - +63), Initial Value = 40H (no change)

> Decay Time (Controller number 75)

Status | 2nd byte | 3rd byte
BnH | 4BH | vvH

n = MIDI channel number : 0H-FH (ch.1-ch.16)
vv = Decay Time value (relative change): 00H-7FH (-64 - 0 - +63), Initial Value = 40H (no change)

> Vibrato Rate (Controller number 76)

Status | 2nd byte | 3rd byte
BnH | 4CH | vvH

n = MIDI channel number : 0H-FH (ch.1-ch.16)
vv = Vibrato Rate value (relative change): 00H-7FH (-64 - 0 - +63), Initial Value = 40H (no change)

> Vibrato Depth (Controller number 77)

Status | 2nd byte | 3rd byte
BnH | 4DH | vvH

n = MIDI channel number : 0H-FH (ch.1-ch.16)
vv = Vibrato Depth value (relative change): 00H-7FH (-64 - 0 - +63), Initial Value = 40H (no change)

> Vibrato Delay (Controller number 78)

Status | 2nd byte | 3rd byte
BnH | 4EH | vvH

n = MIDI channel number : 0H-FH (ch.1-ch.16)
vv = Vibrato Delay value (relative change): 00H-7FH (-64 - 0 - +63), Initial Value = 40H (no change)

> Effect 1 (Reverb Send Level) (Controller number 91)

Status | 2nd byte | 3rd byte
BnH | 5BH | vvH

n = MIDI channel number : 0H-FH (ch.1-ch.16)
vv = Control value : 00H-7FH (0-127), Initial Value = 28H (40)

* This message adjusts the Reverb Send Level of each Part.

> Effect 3 (Chorus Send Level) (Controller number 93)

Status | 2nd byte | 3rd byte
BnH | 5DH | vvH

n = MIDI channel number : 0H-FH (ch.1-ch.16)
vv = Control value : 00H-7FH (0-127), Initial Value = 00H (0)0)

* This message adjusts the Chorus Send Level of each Part.

> NRPN MSB/LSB (Controller number 98, 99)

Status | 2nd byte | 3rd byte
BnH | 63H | mmH
BnH | 62H | llH

n = MIDI channel number : 0H-FH (ch.1-ch.16)
mm = upper byte of the parameter number specified by NRPN
ll = lower byte of the parameter number specified by NRPN

**NRPN**
The NRPN (Non Registered Parameter Number) message allows an extended range of control changes to be used.
To use these messages, you must first use NRPN MSB and NRPN LSB messages to specify the parameter to be controlled, and then use Data Entry messages to specify the value of the specified parameter. Once an NRPN parameter has been specified, all Data Entry messages received on that channel will modify the value of that parameter. To prevent accidents, it is recommended that you set RPN Null (RPN Number = 7FH/7FH) when you have finished setting the value of the desired parameter. Refer to Supplementary material "Examples of actual MIDI messages" <Example 4>. On the TTS-1 devices, Data entry LSB (llH) of NRPN is ignored, so it is no problem to send Data entry MSB (mmH) only (without Data entry LSB)

NRPN messages are used only for TTS-1. Since the VST instruments cannot use exclusive messages, some of the functions defined by General MIDI 2 are assigned to NRPNs to be used with the TTS-1.

On the TTS-1, NRPN can be used to modify the following parameters.

NRPN MSB LSB | Data entry MSB | Explanation
58H 01H | mmH | Charactor (absolute change) mm: 1CH-40H-64H (-36 - 0 - +36)
58H 20H | mmH | Tone control switch (absolute change) mm: 00H-7FH (0 - 127) 0 - 63 = OFF, 64 - 127 = ON
58H 22H | mmH | Tone control bass gain (absolute change) mm: 34H-40H-4CH (-12 - 0 - +12)
58H 24H | mmH | Tone control treble gain (absolute change) mm: 34H-40H-4CH (-12 - 0 - +12)
58H 27H | mmH | Tone control mid gain (absolute change) mm: 34H-40H-4CH (-12 - 0 - +12)
58H 30H-3BH | mmH | Scale tune C - B mm: 00H-40H-7FH (-64 - 0 - +63 cent)
58H 40H | mmH | Reverb switch mm: 00H-7FH (0 - 127) 0 - 63 = OFF, 64 - 127 = ON * Sets the reverb settings regardless of the channel on which it's received.
58H 41H | mmH | Reverb type mm: 00H-08H (00H = Small Room, 01H = Medium Room, 02H = Large Room, 03H = Medium Hall, 04H = Large Hall, 08H = Plate) * Sets the reverb settings regardless of the channel on which it's received.
58H 42H | mmH | Reverb time mm: 00H-7FH (0 - 127) * Sets the reverb settings regardless of the channel on which it's received.
58H 50H | mmH | Chorus switch mm: 00H-7FH (0 - 127) 0 - 63 = OFF, 64 - 127 = ON * Sets the chorus settings regardless of the channel on which it's received.
58H 51H | mmH | Chorus type mm: 00H-05H (00H = Chorus1, 01H = Chorus2, 02H = Chorus3, 03H = Chorus4, 04H = FB Chorus, 05H = Flanger) * Sets the chorus settings regardless of the channel on which it's received.
58H 52H | mmH | Chorus rate mm: 00H-7FH (0 - 127) * Sets the chorus settings regardless of the channel on which it's received.
58H 53H | mmH | Chorus depth mm: 00H-7FH (0 - 127) * Sets the chorus settings regardless of the channel on which it's received.
58H 54H | mmH | Chorus feedback mm: 00H-7FH (0 - 127) * Sets the chorus settings regardless of the channel on which it's received.
58H 55H | mmH | Chorus send to reverb mm: 00H-7FH (0 - 127) * Sets the chorus settings regardless of the channel on which it's received.
58H 70H | mmH | Master volume mm: 00H-7FH (zero-maximum) * Sets the master volume regardless of the channel on which it's received.
58H 71H | mmH llH | Master tuning mm, ll: 00 00H-40 00H-7F 7FH (-100 - 0 - +99.99 cent) * Sets the master tuning regardless of the channel on which it's received.
58H 72H | mmH | Master key shift mm: 28H-40H-58H (-24 - 0 - +24) * Sets the master key shift regardless of the channel on which it's received.
58H 7FH | mmH | System reset mm: ignore * Resets the synth to the initial state regardless of the channel on which it's received.
18H rrH | mmH | Pitch coarse of rhythm instrument (relative change) rr: key number of rhythm instrument (21 - 108) mm: 10H - 40H - 70H (-48 - 0 - +48)
19H rrH | mmH | Pitch fine of rhythm instrument (relative change) rr: key number of rhythm instrument(21 - 108) mm: 0EH-40H-72H (-50 - 0 - 50)
1AH rrH | mmH | Rhythm instrument level(relative change) rr: key number of rhythm instrument mm: 00H-7FH (0 - 200 percent)
1CH rrH | mmH | Panpot of rhythm instrument (absolute change) rr: key number of rhythm instrument mm: 00H-40H-7FH (left-center-right)
1DH rrH | mmH | Reverb send level of rhythm instrument (absolute change) rr: key number of rhythm instrument mm: 00H-7FH (zero-maximum)
1EH rrH | mmH | Chorus send level of drum instrument (absolute change) rr: key number of drum instrument mm: 00H-7FH (zero-maximum)

* Parameters marked "relative change" will change relative to the preset value. Depending on the sound or the pitch range, this may have no effect.
* Parameters marked "absolute change" will be set to the absolute value of the parameter, regardless of the preset value.

> RPN MSB/LSB (Controller number 100, 101)

Status | 2nd byte | 3rd byte
BnH | 65H | mmH
BnH | 64H | llH

n = MIDI channel number : 0H-FH (ch.1-ch.16)
mm = upper byte of parameter number specified by RPN
ll = lower byte of parameter number specified by RPN

**RPN**
The RPN (Registered Parameter Number) messages are expanded control changes, and each function of an RPN is described by the MIDI Standard.
To use these messages, you must first use RPN MSB and RPN LSB messages to specify the parameter to be controlled, and then use Data Entry messages to specify the value of the specified parameter. Once an RPN parameter has been specified, all Data Entry messages received on that channel will modify the value of that parameter. To prevent accidents, it is recommended that you set RPN Null (RPN Number = 7FH/7FH) when you have finished setting the value of the desired parameter. Refer to Section "Examples of actual MIDI messages" <Example 4>

On the TTS-1, RPN can be used to modify the following parameters.

RPN MSB LSB | Data entry MSB LSB | Explanation
00H 00H | mmH --- | Pitch Bend Sensitivity mm: 00H-18H (0-24 semitones), Initial Value = 02H (2 semitones) ll: ignored (processed as 00H) specify up to 2 octaves in semitone steps
00H 01H | mmH llH | Master Fine Tuning mm, ll: 00 00H - 40 00H - 7F 7FH (-100 - 0 - +99.99 cents), Initial Value = 40 00H (0 cent) Refer to Supplementary material, "About tuning".
00H 02H | mmH --- | Master Coarse Tuning mm: 30H-40H-70H (-48 - 0 - +48 semitones), Initial Value = 40H (0 semitone) ll: ignored (processed as 00H)
00H 05H | mmH llH | Modulation Depth Range mm, ll: 00 00H - 06 00H (0.0 - 600.0 cent) 00H-7FH (0 - 100 cents) 100/128 Cent/Value
7FH 7FH | --- --- | RPN null Set condition where RPN and NRPN are unspecified. The data entry messages after set RPN null will be ignored. (No Data entry messages are required after RPN null). Settings already made will not change. mm, ll: ignored

<Program Change>

Status | 2nd byte
CnH | ppH

n = MIDI channel number : 0H-FH (ch.1-ch.16)
pp = Program number : 00H-7FH (prog.1-prog.128)

<Channel Pressure>

Status | 2nd byte
DnH | vvH

n = MIDI channel number : 0H-FH (ch.1-ch.16)
vv = Channel Pressure : 00H-7FH (0-127)

* The specifics of the effect are determined by means of universal exclusive messages. In the default state, no effect is obtained.

<Pitch Bend Change>

Status | 2nd byte | 3rd byte
EnH | llH | mmH

n = MIDI channel number : 0H-FH (ch.1-ch.16)
mm, ll = Pitch Bend value : 00 00H - 40 00H - 7F 7FH (-8192 - 0 - +8191)

* The depth of pitch bend change is determined by the pitch bend sensitivity of the RPN.

Channel Mode Messages

<All Sounds Off (Controller number 120)>

Status | 2nd byte | 3rd byte
BnH | 78H | 00H

n = MIDI channel number : 0H-FH (ch.1-ch.16)

* When this message is received, all currently-sounding notes on the corresponding channel will be turned off immediately.

<Reset All Controllers (Controller number 121)>

Status | 2nd byte | 3rd byte
BnH | 79H | 00H

n = MIDI channel number : 0H-FH (ch.1-ch.16)

* When this message is received, the following controllers will be set to their reset values.

Controller | Reset value
Pitch Bend Change | 0 (center)
Channel Pressure | 0 (off)
Modulation | 0 (off)
Expression | 127 (max)
Hold 1 | 0 (off)
Portamento | 0 (off)
Sostenuto | 0 (off)
Soft | 0 (off)
RPN | unset; previously set data will not change
NRPN | unset; previously set data will not change

<All Notes Off (Controller number 123)>

Status | 2nd byte | 3rd byte
BnH | 7BH | 00H

n = MIDI channel number : 0H-FH (ch.1-ch.16)

* When All Notes Off is received, all notes on the corresponding channel will be turned off. However if Hold 1 or Sostenuto is ON, the sound will be continued until these are turned off.

<OMNI OFF (Controller number 124)>

Status | 2nd byte | 3rd byte
BnH | 7CH | 00H

n = MIDI channel number : 0H-FH (ch.1-ch.16)

* The same processing will be carried out as when All Notes Off is received.

<OMNI ON (Controller number 125)>

Status | 2nd byte | 3rd byte
BnH | 7DH | 00H

n = MIDI channel number : 0H-FH (ch.1-ch.16)

* OMNI ON is only recognized as "All notes off"; the Mode doesn't change (OMNI OFF remains).

<MONO (Controller number 126)>

Status | 2nd byte | 3rd byte
BnH | 7EH | mmH

n = MIDI channel number : 0H-FH (ch.1-ch.16)
mm = mono number : 00H-10H (0-16)

* The same processing will be carried out as when All Sounds Off and All Notes Off is received, and the corresponding channel will be set to Mode 4 (M = 1) regardless of the value of "mono number."

<POLY (Controller number 127)>

Status | 2nd byte | 3rd byte
BnH | 7FH | 00H

n = MIDI channel number : 0H-FH (ch.1-ch.16)

* The same processing will be carried out as when All Sounds Off and All Notes Off is received, and the corresponding channel will be set to Mode 3.

System Exclusive Message

Status | Data byte | Status
F0H | iiH, ddH, ......, eeH | F7H

F0H : System Exclusive Message status

ii = ID number : an ID number (manufacturer ID) to indicate the manufacturer whose Exclusive message this is. The manufacturer ID is 41H.
ID numbers 7EH and 7FH are extensions of the MIDI standard; Universal Non-realtime Messages (7EH) and Universal Realtime Messages (7FH).

dd,...,ee = data : 00H-7FH (0-127)

F7H : EOX (End Of Exclusive)

The System Exclusive Messages received by the TTS-1 are; messages related to mode settings, Universal Realtime System Exclusive messages and Universal Non-realtime System Exclusive messages.

[Note] Reception of system exclusive messages is possible only for DXi.

<System exclusive messages related to mode settings>

> GM1 System On

This is a command message that resets the internal settings of the unit to the General MIDI System Level-1 initial state. After receiving this message TTS-1, will automatically be set to the proper condition for correctly playing a General MIDI score.

Status | Data byte | Status
F0H | 7EH, 7FH, 09H, 01H | F7H

Byte | Explanation
F0H | Exclusive status
7EH | ID number (Universal Non-realtime Message)
7FH | Device ID (Broadcast)
09H | Sub ID#1 (General MIDI Message)
01H | Sub ID#2 (General MIDI 1 On)
F7H | EOX (End Of Exclusive)

* There must be an interval of at least 50 ms between this message and the next message.

> GM2 System On

This is a command message that resets the internal settings of the unit to the General MIDI System Level-2 initial state. After receiving this message TTS-1, will automatically be set to the proper condition for correctly playing a General MIDI score.

Status | Data byte | Status
F0H | 7EH, 7FH, 09H, 03H | F7H

Byte | Explanation
F0H | Exclusive status
7EH | ID number (Universal Non-realtime Message)
7FH | Device ID (Broadcast)
09H | Sub ID#1 (General MIDI Message)
03H | Sub ID#2 (General MIDI 2 On)
F7H | EOX (End Of Exclusive)

* There must be an interval of at least 50 ms between this message and the next message.

> Scale/Octave Tuning Adjust

Status | Data byte | Status
F0H | 7EH, 7FH, 08H, 08H, ffH, ggH, hhH, ssH,... | F7H

Byte | Explanation
F0H | Exclusive status
7EH | ID number (universal non-realtime message)
7FH | Device ID (Broadcast)
08H | Sub ID#1 (MIDI Tuning Standard)
08H | Sub ID#2 (scale/octave tuning 1-byte form)
ffH | Channel/Option byte1 bits 0 to 1 = channel 15 to 16 bit 2 to 6 = Undefined
ggH | Channel byte2 bits 0 to 6 = channel 8 to 14
hhH | Channel byte3 bits 0 to 6 = channel 1 to 7
ssH | 12 byte tuning offset of 12 semitones from C to B 00H = -64 [cents] 40H = 0 [cents] (equal temperament) 7FH = +63 [cents]
F7H | EOX (End Of Exclusive)

<Universal Realtime System Exclusive Messages>

> Master volume

Status | Data byte | Status
F0H | 7FH, 7FH, 04H, 01H, llH, mmH | F7H

Byte | Explanation
F0H | Exclusive status
7FH | ID number (universal realtime message)
7FH | Device ID (Broadcast)
04H | Sub ID#1 (Device Control messages)
01H | Sub ID#2 (Master Volume)
llH | Master volume lower byte
mmH | Master volume upper byte
F7H | EOX (End Of Exclusive)

* The lower byte (llH) of Master Volume will be handled as 00H.

> Master Fine Tuning

Status | Data byte | Status
F0H | 7FH, 7FH, 04H, 03H, llH, mmH | F7H

Byte | Explanation
F0H | Exclusive status
7FH | ID number (universal realtime message)
7FH | Device ID (Broadcast)
04H | Sub ID#1 (Device Control messages)
03H | Sub ID#2 (Master Fine Tuning)
llH | Master Fine Tuning LSB
mmH | Master Fine Tuning MSB
F7H | EOX (End Of Exclusive)

* mm, ll : 00 00H - 40 00H - 7F 7FH (-100 - 0 - +99.9 [cents])

> Master Coarse Tuning

Status | Data byte | Status
F0H | 7FH, 7FH, 04H, 04H, llH, mmH | F7H

Byte | Explanation
F0H | Exclusive status
7FH | ID number (universal realtime message)
7FH | Device ID (Broadcast)
04H | Sub ID#1 (Device Control messages)
04H | Sub ID#2 (Master Coarse Tuning)
llH | Master Coarse Tuning LSB
mmH | Master Coarse Tuning MSB
F7H | EOX (End Of Exclusive)

* llH : ignored (processed as 00H)
* mmH : 28H - 40H - 58H (-24 - 0 - +24 [semitones])

> Reverb Parameters

Status | Data byte | Status
F0H | 7FH, 7FH, 04H, 05H, 01H, 01H, 01H, 01H, 01H, ppH, vvH | F7H

Byte | Explanation
F0H | Exclusive status
7FH | ID number (universal realtime message)
7FH | Device ID (Broadcast)
04H | Sub ID#1 (Device Control messages)
05H | Sub ID#2 (Global Parameter Control)
01H | Slot path length
01H | Parameter ID width
01H | Value width
01H | Slot path MSB
01H | Slot path LSB (Effect 01 01:Reverb)
ppH | Parameter to be controlled.
vvH | Value for the parameter.
F7H | EOX (End Of Exclusive)

pp=0

Reverb Type
vv = 00H : Small Room (Room1)
vv = 01H : Medium Room (Room2)
vv = 02H : Large Room (Room3)
vv = 03H : Medium Hall (Hall1)
vv = 04H : Large Hall (Hall2)
vv = 08H : Plate (Plate)

pp=1 | Reverb Time vv = 00H - 7FH : 0 - 127

> Chorus Parameters

Status | Data byte | Status
F0H | 7FH, 7FH, 04H, 05H, 01H, 01H, 01H, 01H, 02H, ppH, vvH | F7H

Byte | Explanation
F0H | Exclusive status
7FH | ID number (universal realtime message)
7FH | Device ID (Broadcast)
04H | Sub ID#1 (Device Control messages)
05H | Sub ID#2 (Global Parameter Control)
01H | Slot path length
01H | Parameter width
01H | Value width
01H | Slot path MSB
02H | Slot path LSB (Effect 01 02:Chorus)
ppH | Parameter to be controlled.
vvH | Value for the parameter.
F7H | EOX (End Of Exclusive)

pp=0

Chorus Type
vv = 00H : Chorus1
vv = 01H : Chorus2
vv = 02H : Chorus3
vv = 03H : Chorus4
vv = 04H : FB Chorus
vv = 05H : Flanger

pp=1 | Mod Rate vv = 00H - 7FH : 0 - 127
pp=2 | Mod Depth vv = 00H - 7FH : 0 - 127
pp=3 | Feedback vv = 00H - 7FH : 0 - 127
pp=4 | Send To Reverb vv = 00H - 7FH : 0 - 127

> Channel Pressure

Status | Data byte | Status
F0H | 7FH, 7FH, 09H, 01H, 0nH, ppH, rrH | F7H

Byte | Explanation
F0H | Exclusive status
7FH | ID number (universal realtime message)
7FH | Device ID (Broadcast)
09H | Sub ID#1 (Controller Destination Setting messages)
01H | Sub ID#2 (Channel Pressure)
0nH | MIDI Channel (00-0F)
ppH | Controlled parameter
rrH | Controlled range
F7H | EOX (End Of Exclusive)

pp=0 | Pitch Control rr = 28H - 58H : -24 - +24 [semitones]
pp=1 | Filter Cutoff Control rr = 00H - 7FH : -9600 - +9450 [cents]
pp=2 | Amplitude Control rr = 00H - 7FH : 0 - 200%
pp=3 | LFO Pitch Depth rr = 00H - 7FH : 0 - 600 [cents]
pp=4 | LFO Filter Depth rr = 00H - 7FH : 0 - 2400 [cents]
pp=5 | LFO Amplitude Depth rr = 00H - 7FH : 0 - 100%

> Controller

Status | Data byte | Status
F0H | 7FH, 7FH, 09H, 03H, 0nH, ccH, ppH, rrH | F7H

Byte | Explanation
F0H | Exclusive status
7FH | ID number (universal realtime message)
7FH | Device ID (Broadcast)
09H | Sub ID#1 (Controller Destination Setting messages)
03H | Sub ID#2 (Control Change)
0nH | MIDI Channel (00-0F)
ccH | Controller number (01-1FH, 40-5FH)
ppH | Controlled parameter
rrH | Controlled range
F7H | EOX (End Of Exclusive)

pp=0 | Pitch Control rr = 28H - 58H : -24 - +24 [semitones]
pp=1 | Filter Cutoff Control rr = 00H - 7FH : -9600 - +9450 [cents]
pp=2 | Amplitude Control rr = 00H - 7FH : 0 - 200%
pp=3 | LFO Pitch Depth rr = 00H - 7FH : 0 - 600 [cents]
pp=4 | LFO Filter Depth rr = 00H - 7FH : 0 - 2400 [cents]
pp=5 | LFO Amplitude Depth rr = 00H - 7FH : 0 - 100%

> Key-Based Instrument Controllers

Status | Data byte | Status
F0H | 7FH, 7FH, 0AH, 01H, 0nH, kkH, nnH, vvH | F7H

Byte | Explanation
F0H | Exclusive status
7FH | ID number (universal realtime message)
7FH | Device ID (Broadcast)
0AH | Sub ID#1 (Key-Based Instrument Control messages)
01H | Sub ID#2 (Controller)
0nH | MIDI Channel (00-0F)
kkH | Key Number
nnH | Control Number
vvH | Value
F7H | EOX (End Of Exclusive)

nn=07H | Level vv = 00H - 7FH : 00 - 200% (Relative)
nn=0AH | Pan vv = 00H - 7FH : Left - Right (Absolute)
nn=5BH | Reverb Send vv = 00H - 7FH : 0 - 127 (Absolute)
nn=5DH | Chorus Send rr = 00H - 7FH : 0 - 127 (Absolute)

* This parameter affects drum instruments only.

Supplementary material

<Decimal and Hexadecimal table>

In MIDI documentation, data values and addresses/sizes of exclusive messages etc. are expressed as hexadecimal values for each 7 bits.
The following table shows how these correspond to decimal numbers.

Dec. | Hex. | Dec. | Hex. | Dec. | Hex. | Dec. | Hex.
0 | 00H | 32 | 20H | 64 | 40H | 96 | 60H
1 | 01H | 33 | 21H | 65 | 41H | 97 | 61H
2 | 02H | 34 | 22H | 66 | 42H | 98 | 62H
3 | 03H | 35 | 23H | 67 | 43H | 99 | 63H
4 | 04H | 36 | 24H | 68 | 44H | 100 | 64H
5 | 05H | 37 | 25H | 69 | 45H | 101 | 65H
6 | 06H | 38 | 26H | 70 | 46H | 102 | 66H
7 | 07H | 39 | 27H | 71 | 47H | 103 | 67H
8 | 08H | 40 | 28H | 72 | 48H | 104 | 68H
9 | 09H | 41 | 29H | 73 | 49H | 105 | 69H
10 | 0AH | 42 | 2AH | 74 | 4AH | 106 | 6AH
11 | 0BH | 43 | 2BH | 75 | 4BH | 107 | 6BH
12 | 0CH | 44 | 2CH | 76 | 4CH | 108 | 6CH
13 | 0DH | 45 | 2DH | 77 | 4DH | 109 | 6DH
14 | 0EH | 46 | 2EH | 78 | 4EH | 110 | 6EH
15 | 0FH | 47 | 2FH | 79 | 4FH | 111 | 6FH
16 | 10H | 48 | 30H | 80 | 50H | 112 | 70H
17 | 11H | 49 | 31H | 81 | 51H | 113 | 71H
18 | 12H | 50 | 32H | 82 | 52H | 114 | 72H
19 | 13H | 51 | 33H | 83 | 53H | 115 | 73H
20 | 14H | 52 | 34H | 84 | 54H | 116 | 74H
21 | 15H | 53 | 35H | 85 | 55H | 117 | 75H
22 | 16H | 54 | 36H | 86 | 56H | 118 | 76H
23 | 17H | 55 | 37H | 87 | 57H | 119 | 77H
24 | 18H | 56 | 38H | 88 | 58H | 120 | 78H
25 | 19H | 57 | 39H | 89 | 59H | 121 | 79H
26 | 1AH | 58 | 3AH | 90 | 5AH | 122 | 7AH
27 | 1BH | 69 | 3BH | 91 | 5BH | 123 | 7BH
28 | 1CH | 60 | 3CH | 92 | 5CH | 124 | 7CH
29 | 1DH | 61 | 3DH | 93 | 5DH | 125 | 7DH
30 | 1EH | 62 | 3EH | 94 | 5EH | 126 | 7EH
31 | 1FH | 63 | 3FH | 95 | 5FH | 127 | 7FH

* Decimal values such as MIDI channel, bank select, and program change are listed as one (1) greater than the values given in the above table.
* A 7-bit byte can express data in the range of 128 steps. For data where greater precision is required, we must use two or more bytes. For example, two hexadecimal numbers aa bbH expressing two 7-bit bytes would indicate a value of aa x 128 + bb.
* In the case of values which have a (+/-) sign, 00H = -64, 40H = +/-0, and 7FH = +63, so that the decimal expression would be 64 less than the value given in the above chart. In the case of two types, 00 00H = -8192, 40 00H = +/-0, and 7F 7FH = +8191. For example if aa bbH were expressed as decimal, this would be aa bbH - 40 00H = aa x 128 + bb - 64 x 128.
* Data marked "nibbled" is expressed in hexadecimal in 4-bit units. A value expressed as a 2-byte nibble 0a 0bH has the value of a x 16 + b.

<Example 1> What is the decimal expression of 5AH ?
From the preceding table, 5AH = 90

<Example 2> What is the decimal expression of the value 12 34H given as hexadecimal for each 7 bits?
From the preceding table, since 12H = 18 and 34H = 52
18 x 128 + 52 = 2356

<Example 3> What is the decimal expression of the nibbled value 0A 03 09 0D ?
From the preceding table, since 0AH = 10, 03H = 3, 09H = 9, 0DH = 13
((10 x 16 + 3) x 16 + 9) x 16 + 13 = 41885

<Example 4> What is the nibbled expression of the decimal value 1258?
16) 1258
16) 78 ... 10
16) 4 ... 14
0 ... 4
Since from the preceding table, 0 = 00H, 4 = 04H, 14 = 0EH, 10 = 0AH, the answer is 00 04 0E 0AH.

<Examples of actual MIDI messages>

<Example 1> 92 3E 5F
9n is the Note-on status, and n is the MIDI channel number. Since 2H = 2, 3EH = 62, and 5FH = 95, this is a Note-on message with MIDI CH = 3, note number 62 (note name is D4), and velocity 95.

<Example 2> CE 49
CnH is the Program Change status, and n is the MIDI channel number. Since EH = 14 and 49H = 73, this is a Program Change message with MIDI CH = 15, program number 74 (Flute).

<Example 3> EA 00 28
EnH is the Pitch Bend Change status, and n is the MIDI channel number. The 2nd byte (00H = 0) is the LSB and the 3rd byte (28H = 40) is the MSB, but Pitch Bend Value is a signed number in which 40 00H (= 64 x 128 + 0 = 8192) is 0, so this Pitch Bend Value is
28 00H - 40 00H = 40 x 128 + 0 - (64 x 128 + 0) = 5120 - 8192 = -3072

If the Pitch Bend Sensitivity is set to 2 semitones, -8192 (00 00H) will cause the pitch to change -200 cents, so in this case -200 x (-3072) / (-8192) = -75 cents of Pitch Bend is being applied to MIDI channel 11.

# <Example 4> B3 64 00 65 00 06 0C 26 00 64 7F 65 7F
BnH is the Control Change status, and n is the MIDI channel number. For Control Changes, the 2nd byte is the control number, and the 3rd byte is the value. In a case in which two or more messages consecutive messages have the same status, MIDI has a provision called "running status" which allows the status byte of the second and following messages to be omitted. Thus, the above messages have the following meaning.

B3 64 00 | MIDI ch.4, lower byte of RPN parameter number: 00H
(B3)65 00 | (MIDI ch.4) upper byte of RPN parameter number: 00H
(B3)06 0C | (MIDI ch.4) upper byte of parameter value: 0CH
(B3)26 00 | (MIDI ch.4) lower byte of parameter value: 00H
(B3)64 7F | (MIDI ch.4) lower byte of RPN parameter number: 7FH
(B3)65 7F | (MIDI ch.4) upper byte of RPN parameter number: 7FH

In other words, the above messages specify a value of 0C 00H for RPN parameter number 00 00H on MIDI channel 4, and then set the RPN parameter number to 7F 7FH.

RPN parameter number 00 00H is Pitch Bend Sensitivity, and the MSB of the value indicates semitone units, so a value of 0CH = 12 sets the maximum pitch bend range to +/-12 semitones (1 octave). (The LSB of Pitch Bend Sensitivity is ignored, but the LSB should be transmitted anyway (with a value of 0) so that operation will be correct on any device.)

Once the parameter number has been specified for RPN or NRPN, all Data Entry messages transmitted on that same channel will be valid, so after the desired value has been transmitted, it is a good idea to set the parameter number to 7F 7FH to prevent accidents. This is the reason for the (B3) 64 7F (B3) 65 7F at the end.

It is not desirable for performance data (such as Standard MIDI File data) to contain many events with running status as given in <Example 4>. This is because if playback is halted during the song and then rewound or fast-forwarded, the sequencer may not be able to transmit the correct status, and the sound source will then misinterpret the data. Take care to give each event its own status.

It is also necessary that the RPN or NRPN parameter number setting and the value setting be done in the proper order. On some sequencers, events occurring in the same (or consecutive) clock may be transmitted in an order different than the order in which they were received. For this reason it is a good idea to slightly skew the time of each event (about 1 tick for TPQN = 96, and about 5 ticks for TPQN = 480).

* TPQN: Ticks Per Quarter Note

<About tuning>

In MIDI, individual Parts are tuned by sending RPN #1 (Master Fine Tuning) to the appropriate MIDI channel.
In MIDI, an entire device is tuned by either sending RPN #1 to all MIDI channels being used, or by sending a System Exclusive MASTER FINE TUNE.
RPN #1 allows tuning to be specified in steps of approximately 0.012 cents (to be precise, 100/8192 cent).
The values of RPN #1 and System Exclusive MASTER FINE TUNE are added together to determine the actual pitch sounded by each Part.

Frequently used tuning values are given in the following table for your reference. Values are in hexadecimal (decimal in parentheses).

Hz in A4 | cent | RPN #1
445.0 | +19.56 | 4C 43 (+1603)
444.0 | +15.67 | 4A 03 (+1283)
443.0 | +11.76 | 47 44 (+964)
442.0 | + 7.85 | 45 03 (+643)
441.0 | + 3.93 | 42 42 (+322)
440.0 | 0.00 | 40 00 (0)
439.0 | - 3.94 | 3D 3D (-323)
438.0 | - 7.89 | 3A 7A (-646)

<Example> Set the tuning of MIDI channel 3 to A4 = 442.0 Hz
Send RPN#1 to MIDI channel 3. From the above table, the value is 45 03H.

B2 64 00 | MIDI ch.3, lower byte of RPN parameter number: 00H
(B2)65 01 | (MIDI ch.3) upper byte of RPN parameter number: 01H
(B2)06 45 | (MIDI ch.3) upper byte of parameter value: 45H
(B2)26 03 | (MIDI ch.3) lower byte of parameter value: 03H
(B2)64 7F | (MIDI ch.3) lower byte of RPN parameter number: 7FH
(B2)65 7F | (MIDI ch.3) upper byte of RPN parameter number: 7FH

# Index

#### C

Controlling the TTS-1 from a MIDI controller 17

#### E

Effect Edit window 13

#### I

Instrument lists

GM2 20

GM2 Rhythm Tones 29

#### M

MIDI implementation 48

MIDI paramerers

controlling by MIDI 17

Mixer window 4

#### O

Outputs

assigning parts to 14

#### P

Parameter control via MIDI 17

Part Edit window 6

Parts

assigning to different outputs 14

#### R

Rhythm Edit window 10

#### S

Saving user sounds 15

Selecting sounds

Sounds

###### selecting 4

System Settings window 14

#### T

Troubleshooting 18

#### U

User sounds

saving 15