

phoneme l
  liquid
  length 100
  lengthmod 7
  beforenotvowel l/2       // use 'dark' [l] after a vowel
  formants l/l
  after _ l/_l  t l/tl
  before _ l/l_
endphoneme


phoneme r
  liquid starttype r endtype r
  length 100
  lengthmod 7
  beforenotvowel r/
  trill
  formants r/rr
  after _ r/rr
  after t r/trr p r/trr k r/trr
  before _ r/r_
endphoneme


phoneme r/   // used for [r] when not preceding a vowel
  liquid
  length 100
  lengthmod 2   //
  formants r3/r_+r3/rx
  before n   r3/r_n+r3/rx
  after _ r/rr
  after t r/trr p r/trr k r/trr
endphoneme


phoneme ts
  vls alv afr sibilant
  vowelin f1=0  f2=1700 -300 300  f3=-100 80
  vowelout f1=0 f2=1700 -300 250  f3=-100 80  rms=20
  lengthmod 2
  wave unvoc/ts
endphoneme


phoneme dz;
  vcd pal afr sibilant palatal
  vowelin f1=1  f2=2700 400 600  f3=300 80 rate len=70
  formants dZ/dZ+x/dz;
  before _ dZ/dZ_+x/dZ_
  after _ NULL  @ dZ/xdZ
  lengthmod 5
  switchvoicing ts;
endphoneme


phoneme ts;
  vls pal afr sibilant palatal
  vowelin f1=0  f2=2700 400 600  f3=300 80 rate len=70
  lengthmod 2
  wave unvoc/ts;
  before _ unvoc/ts;
  switchvoicing dz;
endphoneme



// Palatalized versions of consonants

phoneme t;
// temporary:  this is just a copy of [t] with different vowel transitions
  vls pal stop palatal
  vowelin f1=0  f2=2700 400 600  f3=300 80 rate len=70
  vowelout f1=1  f2=2700 400 600  f3=200 70 rate
  lengthmod 2
  wave unvoc/t
  before _ unvoc/t%70
  switchvoicing d
endphoneme




//*******************************************************************
// VOWELS
//*******************************************************************

// stressed vowels

phoneme i
  vowel starttype (i) endtype (i)
  length 190
  formants vowel/i:
  linkout ;
//  reduceto I  4    // done in function ChangePhonemes()
endphoneme


phoneme y      // close central unrounded (i-bar)
  vowel starttype (i) endtype (i)
  length 200
  formants vowel/i"
//  reduceto Y  4
endphoneme


phoneme E
  vowel  starttype (e)  endtype (e)
  length 200
  formants vowel/E_mid
//  reduceto I  4
endphoneme


phoneme E:
  vowel  starttype (e)  endtype (@)
  length 220
  formants vowel/E:
  reduceto I  4
endphoneme


phoneme a
  vowel  starttype (a)  endtype (a)
  length 210
  formants vowel/a
//  reduceto V  4         // done in function ChangePhonemes()
endphoneme


phoneme A
  vowel  starttype (a)  endtype (a)
  length 220
  formants vowel/A:
  reduceto V  4
endphoneme


phoneme o
  vowel starttype (o) endtype (o)
  length 200
  formants vowel/o:
//  reduceto V  4
endphoneme


phoneme u
  vowel starttype (u) endtype (u)
  length 190
  formants vowel/u:
//  reduceto U  4
endphoneme


// softened vowels

phoneme e
  vowel starttype (e) endtype (e)
  length 190
  formants vowel/e:
//  reduceto I  4
endphoneme


phoneme &
  vowel  starttype (a)  endtype (a)
  length 200
  formants vowel/&
//  reduceto V  4
endphoneme


phoneme 8
  vowel starttype (o) endtype (o)
  length 200
  formants vowel/8
//  reduceto V  4
endphoneme


phoneme u"
  vowel starttype (u) endtype (u)
  length 190
  formants vwl_en_rp/u:
//  reduceto U  4
endphoneme


// reduced vowels

phoneme I
  vowel  starttype (i) endtype (i)
  length 140
  formants vwl_de/I
  linkout ;
  unstressed
endphoneme


phoneme V
  vowel  starttype (a)  endtype (@)
  length 140
  formants vowel/V
  unstressed
endphoneme


phoneme U
  vowel  starttype (u)  endtype (u)
  length 140
  formants vowel/U
  unstressed
endphoneme


phoneme Y
  vowel  starttype (u)  endtype (u)
  length 140
  formants vowel/I"
  unstressed
endphoneme


phoneme @    //  Schwa
  vowel   starttype (@)  endtype (@)
  formants vowel/@
  unstressed
  length 140
endphoneme


