ۥ-   	                  G
  <                                                     <  $  <  $ $<    $<    $<    $<    $<   2<          2<    2<    2<    2<  
 <<  
       F<  s <    <    <    <    <    <    <    <                                              <  4 <  
 <    <                            	                                                            extIPA SYMBOLS FOR DISORDERED SPEECH


CONSONANTS (other than those on the IPA Chart)

Bilabial
Labio-dental
Denti-labial
Labio-alveolar
Linguo-labial
Inter-dental
Bidental
Alveolar
Velar
Velo-pharyngeal

Plosive

p_  b_
pg bg
pe be
tA  d
tG5 d_g





Nasal


m
m
n
n_g





Trill




re
r_g





Fricative: central


f_g vg_
fe ve
  _
_g __g
h_g _g


=

Fricative: lateral + central








  



Fricative: nareal
m_






np
p


Percussive






_




Approximant lateral




lA
l5G






Where symbols appear in pairs, the one to the right represents a voiced consonant. Shaded areas denote articulations judged impossible.

Diacritics

-
labial spreading
s-
b
strong articulation
fb
y
denasal
m

g
dentilabial
vg
l
weak articulation
vl
p
nasal escape
vp

g_
interdental/bidental
n_g
|
reiterated articulation
p|p|p
m
velopharyngeal friction
sm

e
alveolar
tE
s
whistled articulation
ss
F
ingressive airflow
pF


linguolalbial
d
_
sliding articulation
_s
f
egressive airflow
!f


Connected speech	Voicing
(.)
short pause

 
prevoicing
z

(..)
medium pause

 
postvoicing
z 

(...)
long pause

<
partial devoicing
z_

f
loud speech [{f  ld f}]

<
initial partial devoicing
z_

f
louder speech [{ff  ld| ff}]

<
final partial devoicing
z_

p
soft speech [{p  kwa\t p}]

鶒
partial voicing
s

pp
softer speech [{pp  kwa\t| pp}]


initial partial voicing
s

allegro
fast speech [{allegro  fst allegro}]

鶒
final partial voicing
s

lento
soft speech [{lento  slo lento}]


unaspirated
p

crescendo, ralentando, etc. may also be used


_
pre-aspiration
_p



Others
(     )
indeterminate sound
()
silent articulation
()

( V )
indeterminate vowel
(())
extraneous noise
((2 sylls))

( Pl )
indeterminate plosive
*
sound with no symbol available


( Pl.vls )
indeterminate voiceless plosive, etc.

(to be described elsewhere)



 1994  ICPLA
u                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         f  q  r  s  t  u  x  z  {  |                                                      ý}yuqmgc_                                                                                                                                                                                              $ %                         !  '  (  *  J  X  `  d  y  z  {                              ÿ{wsokgc_                                                                                                                                                                                                     $          w                                                            
             |xtp lh                                                                                                                                                   C    @                           (    .  0  1  3  6  O  P  Q  R  S  V  Y  s  t  u  w  y  |                                            ÿ  {wsokg                                                                                                                                                                                  (                    1  8  E  G  K  W  [  c  q  s  w                                                     ¾    }yuq                                                                          $                         $                         $     @                                      ,              
            %  &  *  /  2  3  6  8  >  ?  @  C  \  ]  ^  _  a  c  d  f  s  t  w  }                      ¾    }yu                                 $                                                                    $                                                               $ ,                                                             '  ,  4  5  8  :  G  J  a  b  c  d  f  h    ÿ   {wsp                                        $                                                                      $                                                    +h  m  o  |  }                                                	  	  #	  '	  <	  C	  E	  F	  G	  H	  L	  a	  g	  y	  	  	  	  	   ¾      ~ z v                                                                 @                             $                                       $                                -	  	  	  	  	  	  	  	  	  	  	  	  	  	  	  	  	  	  	  	  	  	  	  	  	  	  	  	  	  	  	  	  	  
  
  0
  2
  4
  8
  G
         ý                                                                                                                                                                                                                             '                    !  /  9  C  J  [  ]  f  h  p  w  ~              ᔋvllllllll                                                                             	       ( (   
        ( (  	       ( (          ( (   L       P  x
4T( %  	 	 	 	   	 	 	 	   	 	 	 	   	 	 	 	   	 	 	 	   	 	 	 	   	 	 	 	   	 	 	 	   	 	 	 	   	 	 	 	   	 	 	 	                                                                          &       X       P  x
4T( %  	 	 	 	   	 	 	 	   	 	 	 	   	 	 	 	   	 	 	 	   	 	 	 	   	 	 	 	   	 	 	 	   	 	 	 	   	 	 	 	   	 	 	 	                      	       ( (   
        ( (  	       ( (          ( (   X       P  x
4T( %  	 	 	 	   	 	 	 	   	 	 	 	   	 	 	 	   	 	 	 	   	 	 	 	   	 	 	 	   	 	 	 	   	 	 	 	   	 	 	 	   	 	 	 	                     
                                  	      #  %  '  *  vlaWWWWWWWW                                                       	        <   
         (  	        (           (   X       P  x
4T( %  	 	 	 	   	 	 	 	   	 	 	 	   	 	 	 	   	 	 	 	   	 	 	 	   	 	 	 	   	 	 	 	   	 	 	 	   	 	 	 	   	 	 	 	                     	       ( (   
        ( (  	       ( (          ( (  *  ,  J  L  N  P  R  T  V  X  Z  `  b  d  f  y  2)          ( (   X       P  x
4T( %  	 	 	 	   	 	 	 	   	 	 	 	   	 	 	 	   	 	 	 	   	 	 	 	   	 	 	 	   	 	 	 	   	 	 	 	   	 	 	 	   	 	 	 	                  	       ( (   
        ( (  	       ( (           (   L       P  x
4T( %  	 	 	 	   	 	 	 	   	 	 	 	   	 	 	 	   	 	 	 	   	 	 	 	   	 	 	 	   	 	 	 	   	 	 	 	   	 	 	 	   	 	 	 	 y  }                                            uj````````                                                                              	       ( (   
        ( (  	       ( (          ( (   X       P  x
4T( %  	 	 	 	   	 	 	 	   	 	 	 	   	 	 	 	   	 	 	 	   	 	 	 	   	 	 	 	   	 	 	 	   	 	 	 	   	 	 	 	   	 	 	 	                      	        (   
         (  	        (                              &       X       P  x
4T( %  	 	 	 	   	 	 	 	   	 	 	 	   	 	 	 	   	 	 	 	   	 	 	 	   	 	 	 	   	 	 	 	   	 	 	 	   	 	 	 	   	 	 	 	                  	        (   
         (  	        (           (   X       P  x
4T( %  	 	 	 	   	 	 	 	   	 	 	 	   	 	 	 	   	 	 	 	   	 	 	 	   	 	 	 	   	 	 	 	   	 	 	 	   	 	 	 	   	 	 	 	                      
    u  w                                          Ļpf]SSJ@@              	        (           (   	        (           (   	        (   @       P p 	L	\!x#  	 	 	     	   	     	   	     	 	 	     	   	     	   	 	   	   	     	   	     	   	 	  	        (           (   	        (           (   	        (           (   	        (                             .  3  6  O  V  Y  s  w  y  ||si(           @       P p 	L	\!x#  	 	 	     	   	     	   	     	 	 	     	   	     	   	 	   	   	     	   	     	   	 	  	        (           (   	        (           (   	        (           (   	        (   @       P p 	L	\!x#  	 	 	     	   	     	   	     	 	 	     	   	     	   	 	   	   	     	   	     	   	 	  	        (           (  
y  |                                      ǽ|ri__VLLC9               	        P           P   	        P           P   	        P           P   	        P   @       P p 	L	\!x#  	 	 	     	   	     	   	     	 	 	     	   	     	   	 	   	   	     	   	     	   	 	  	        (           (   	        (           (   	        (           (   	        (        3  8  E  G  K  W  [  ]  c  q  s  w       nhhha[T                                                                                                                        .       P L  | #  	 	 	     	   	 	             	 	 	     	   	     	   	 	                                                @       P p 	L	\!x#  	 	 	     	   	     	   	     	 	 	     	   	     	   	 	   	   	     	   	     	   	 	                                   6  8  C  ľ{un?9992                   .       P L  | #  	 	 	     	   	 	             	 	 	     	   	     	   	 	                                      .       P L  | #  	 	 	     	   	 	             	 	 	     	   	     	   	 	                                      .       P L  | #  	 	 	     	   	 	             	 	 	     	   	     	   	 	 C  \  a  c  f                             ľ{uuunha2           .       P L  | #  	 	 	     	   	 	             	 	 	     	   	     	   	 	                                      .       P L  | #  	 	 	     	   	 	             	 	 	     	   	     	   	 	                                      .       P L  | #  	 	 	     	   	 	             	 	 	     	   	     	   	 	                       8  :  J  a  f  h  o                          深nhhha[T                                                                                                    .       P L  | #  	 	 	     	   	 	             	 	 	     	   	     	   	 	                                      .       P L  | #  	 	 	     	   	 	             	 	 	     	   	     	   	 	                                             	  	  #	  '	  <	  A	  C	  L	  a	  g	  y	  	  	  	  	  üyslff=60                  h (       P @ h,$x#  	 	 	     	   	     	 	 	     	   	     	   	 	                                    h (       P @ h,$x#  	 	 	     	   	     	 	 	     	   	     	   	 	                                    h 
        8H(#     .       P L | # 	 	 	    	   	 	             	 	 	     	   	     	   	 	 	  	  	  	  	  	  
  
  2
  4
  6
  8
  G
  ýyy                                                                                                                                                                                  
        8H(#     (       P @ h,x#x#  	 	 	     	   	     	 	 	    	   	    	   	 	                                    h (       P @ h,x#x#  	 	 	     	   	     	 	 	    	   	    	   	 	                          G      	
                  G
    G
     G
   s 
 Tms Rmn 	` Symbol   Helv   Arial 0 Courier New   Palatino 
  IPAPhon 
  Baghdad   Palatino-SC 
  Chicago  #                                              
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 