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 &    &                                                                                        Notes on IPAPhon for Windows

There are IPAPhon family contains four fonts:

	IPAPhon-Roman
	IPAPhon-Italic
	IPAPhon-Bold
	IPAPhon-Bold Italic

The italic and bold fonts are simply italicised and bolded versions of the roman. The bold-italic font, however, is a separate collection of symbols. By calling it bold-italic it is possible to select the extra symbols by selecting only bold and italic without changing fonts.


Installation

The four TrueType fonts are found in a file IPAPHON.ZIP. This file must be unzipped. It contains a directory IPAPHON which contains four fonts:

		IPAPR.TTF	[roman]
		IPAPI. TTF	[italic]
		IPAPB.TTF	[bold]
		IPAPBI.TTF	[bold-italic]


You must be running Windows 3.1 (or later version) to use TrueType fonts.

        1. Open Windows Control Panel
        2. Open Fonts panel
        3. Select Install New Font from the File Menu
        4. Choose appropriate disk drive from Drives list
        5. Choose appropriate directory from Directories list
        6. Select names of fonts you want to install from List of Fonts,
	or click Select All
        7. Click OK

The font name will appear in the font menu in every application that
has a font menu.


The Fonts

The IPAPhon family contains almost 400 symbols. Finding the symbol you want is facilitated by referring to the file Symbol Finder. The ASCII codes for the symbols are given there. Note that in the file Symbol Finder, the choice of the bold-italic font is shown by the presence of the pi symbol  _. 

The plain, italic, and bold IPAPhon fonts (referred to as the main fonts) contain almost all of the symbols of the current (1996) version of the International Phonetic Alphabet. These three fonts all have the same symbols, except for being roman, italic, or bold. They have normal upper and lowercase letters, numerals, punctuation marks, and most regular symbols in their usual positions. 

The bold-italic font contains additional symbols which can be grouped into four categories : the remaining IPA symbols which could not fit in the main font; wide and narrow diacritics; symbols which are not official IPA symbols, but which have been proposed to extend the official alphabet; and a couple of other handy things. 

The non-spacing diacritics on the main fonts look best with medium-sized characters: [e' n o_]. The bold-italic-font contains diacritics which look better with narrow and wide characters: [` l5 w_ m]. In general, [i  l t] look best with narrow diacritics, m w  look best with wide diacritics, and the others with medium width diacritics. In the Symbol Finder, the three widths of diacritics are marked M (medium), N (narrow), and W (wide). For most diacritics, the medium width is on the basic fonts, and the narrow and wide on the bold-italic font.

The IPA underwent a major revision in 1989 with minor modifications made since. Two proposed extensions to the IPA have also appeared: one (ICPLA 1994) on symbols for disordered speech, and another (Ball, Esling, and Dickson 1995) on the transcription of voice quality. Symbols proposed in both of these papers are included in the bold-italic-font.

Tips

The latest IPA chart is given in the folder IPA Docs, where you will also find the chart extIPA with proposed symbols for disordered speech.

Non-spacing diacritics should be entered after the main symbols: thus for [e'], first type [e] and then the accent. This is also true for two non-spacing diacritics such as [n'_]; first [n], and then the diacritics. Generally, the order of entering the diacritics doesnt matter. Where diacritics are stacked, as in [e~'], it may be necessary to enter the upper one as a superscript. 

For simple work where you are not fussy, dont bother with the special narrow and wide diacritics. 

To help make small spacing adjustments, the a narrow blank space is provided on the main fonts, accessed at ANSI 142. This space is 1/8 the size of a normal space.

To integrate phonetic material into a text of ordinary writing, two options exist. One is make the phonetic material blend in as well as possible; the other is to make it stand out. To make the phonetic material blend in well, use IPAPhon-Roman for your basic font as well as for the phonetic material. To make the phonetic text stand out, use IPAPhon-Roman for your basic font, but use either IPAPhon-italic or IPAPhon-bold for the phonetic material. Check a recent issue of Language where both roman and italic phonetic symbols are used frequently.

Use italics rather than underlining. Underlining is an unattractive hangover from the days of typewriters.

I prefer the phi of the shape [] (ANSI 196) since it is less easily confused with null [^] or the vowel [], especially in handwriting. If you prefer [], it is on the bold-italic-font at ANSI 196.

The dotted-box symbol a (bold-italic 97) is handy if you need to show the position of a diacritic: e.g. a', a5, a_.

IPAPhon belongs to the category of type faces known as old style, which appeared first in the 17th century. It are characterised by its moderate contrast of thicks and thins, angled axis, and sloping serifs. IPAPhon has old-style numerals (with ascenders and descenders); these generally look best in a body of text. If you prefer lining numerals (with even tops and bottoms), substitute those from Palatino. 


The most current information on the International Phonetic Alphabet is found in the Journal of the International Phonetic Association. The current version of the alphabet is found as the centrefold in the issue of volume 25, no. 1, 1995. This issue is a preliminary version of the IPA handbook. 	http://www.arts.gla.ac.uk/IPA/ipa.html
Ball, Martin J, John Esling, and Craig Dickson. 1995. The VoQS system for the transcription of voice quality, Journal of the International Phonetic Alphabet, 25.7180. 
Bringhurst, Robert. 1992. The Elements of Typographic Style. Hartley and Marks, Vancouver. [An excellent guide to the use of type, one the very few that mentions phonetic symbols.]
Esling, John H. and Harry Gaylord, 1993, Computer codes for phonetic symbols, Journal of the International Phonetic Alphabet, 23.8397.
ICPLA Executive Committee. 1994. The extIPA chart, Journal of the International Phonetic Alphabet, 24.95101. [Proposed symbols for transcribing disordered speech]
Pullum, Geoffrey and William Ladusaw, 1996. Phonetic Symbol Guide, Chicago University Press, Chicago. [A general guide to phonetic symbols]
Rogers, Henry. 1991. Theoretical and Practical Phonetics, Copp Clark Pitman, Toronto. [A general text of phonetics with a useful guide to writing symbols by hand; see App. C]


The IPAPhon fonts are shareware for individual users. Try them; if you find them useful, send $20 for the entire family. For commercial use, please contact me.

Please write to me if you have questions or problems concerning IPAPhon.

Henry Rogers
Department of Linguistics
University of Toronto
Toronto, Ont.
M5S 3H1
Canada

rogers@chass.utoronto.ca
http://www.chass.utoronto.ca/  ~rogers/
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