7 Scientific calculator    `       	     >        @ AAAAAAAAAA                                   2    7.  The Scientific Calculator.      7.1     Overview.      KeySoft's scientific calculator is known as KeyPlus and is     available at any point in the operation of KeySoft.   To access     the calculator, just press Function key 5.  You will hear,                         "KeyPlus: zero".  	   
 where "zero" is the result of the previous calculation.      REMEMBER !  You can press the HELP key to obtain information on    
 options open to you at any point.      7.2     Entering a Calculation.      If you wish to clear the result of a previous calculation, press     CONTROL with I.  You may enter a calculation in the same order as     it would be typed or spoken.  For example, to add the numbers 3,     4 and 5, then subtract 2, you would type:                         3 + 4 + 5 - 2      "Equals"    is  represented by the  ENTER key.   Press ENTER    and KeySoft will announce the answer,  which in this case    will be:                             "10".      There are three ways to enter numbers and operators into the     calculator.  Firstly, you may use the top row of the keyboard for      the numbers 1 through 9, and 0.  To the right of these are    ! "Minus" and "Plus".  (The SHIFT key is not required for the plus    " function.)  The multiplication key is the "star" or "asterisk"    # key, which is SHIFT with 8.  The division key is SLASH, to the    $ right of PERIOD.  %   & Secondly, if you have a desk-top computer, there will normally be    ' a group of numeric keys on the right-hand side of the keyboard.     ( Press the Num Lock key, at the top left of this group, until    ) KeySoft announces that Num Lock is on.  You may then press READ    * with A to enter Key Announce mode, and explore the layout of the    + Numeric Keypad area, which resembles a pocket calculator.  ,   -    Thirdly, you may use a group of keys which form a keypad only    while the calculator is being used.  This keypad has the same    layout as the Numeric Keypad.    The top row is:7, 8, 9.    On the next row:4, 5, 6, and Minus, are on the U, I, O, and P   keys.   	 On the next row:1, 2, 3, and Plus, are on the J, K, L, and  
 SEMICOLON keys.    On the next row:0, Multiply, Decimal Point, and Divide, are  
 on the M, COMMA, PERIOD, and SLASH keys.    Try some simple calculations to get the feel of the calculator.     Remember that the answer will not be announced until you have    typed in the complete calculation and pressed the ENTER key.    To learn the location of the various function keys, you can press    READ with A, in the same way as in KeyWord to enter the "Key    Announce" mode.  Each key will then speak its function when it is    pressed.  To return to the normal calculator function, press    ESCAPE.    7.2.1   Reviewing the Calculation.    If you were not sure if you had entered the calculation    correctly, you could review the calculation before pressing the    ENTER key.  There are two review commands available.  They are:    To review the whole calculation, press F2, or READ with I.   To review the last number or operator entered, press READ with K. !  "   Suppose you had typed the calculation: #  $                        3 * 4 %  &  If you press READ with K, KeySoft will say: "4". '  Now type 5 and press READ with I. KeySoft prompts:"3 times 4 5". (  Press READ with K.  KeySoft prompts: "4 5". )  Press ENTER to evaluate the calculation. KeySoft prompts: "135". *  Type MINUS, then press READ with I. KeySoft prompts:"135 minus". +  Press READ with K.  KeySoft prompts: "minus". ,  -    7.2.2   Editing the Calculation.    Suppose you now wanted to change the calculation to 135 / 4.    Press CONTROL with M, or BACKSPACE, to delete the last keystroke    from the calculation.        Press CONTROL with M, followed by / 4    The calculation is now 135 / 4.  If you try to delete the whole   	 calculation by pressing CONTROL with M several times, you will   
 find you can't delete the number 135.   This is because 135 was    the result of the previous calculation, and is not a keystroke.     To delete the result of a calculation, you must clear the   
 calculator by pressing CONTROL with I.    7.2.3   Calculation Entry Errors.    When you type a calculation, KeyPlus will beep if  you have made    a mistake.  A description of the mistake can be obtained by    pressing the HELP key.   For example, suppose you enter      3 + *    KeyPlus will beep when you press the times key.  Press the HELP    key to find the reason.        KeySoft prompts:  "That operator may not occur here".    There are other messages to indicate different errors.  After an    entry error it may be helpful to review the calculation to find    out where you are in the calculation. 7.2.4   Setting the    Calculation Precision.    ! The maximum number of decimal places announced may be set over   " the range of 0 to 9.   This is done by pressing CONTROL with   # PERIOD followed by the desired number of digits.  This does not   $ affect the internal precision of calculations but only the number   % of digits announced.   For example to set the number of decimal   & places to 4: '  (     Type CONTROL with PERIOD )  *   KeySoft prompts:  "Decimal places? Currently x" +  ,     Type 4 and press ENTER.  Pressing ENTER alone would leave the   - setting unchanged. .  /    7.3     Basic Operations.    The basic operations provided are:    Addition, Subtraction, Multiplication, Division, Negation,   Percent and Parenthesis.    7.3.1   Addition, Subtraction, Multiplication and Division.   	 These operations have the normal order of precedence.  This means   
 that expressions inside brackets are evaluated first, and then    multiplication and division and performed before addition and    subtraction.  For example, to evaluate the equation 3 + 4 * 5,   
 type:      3 + 4 * 5 ENTER    This will be evaluated as 3 + (4 * 5) = 23.    7.3.2   Negation.    The Negation operator is used to enter negative numbers.  For    example to calculate 5 divided by negative 2 you type:      5 / N 2 ENTER    Note that the Negation operator is not the same as the    subtraction operator, and that they are on different keys on the    keyboard.    7.3.3   Percent.     The Percent operator is used to calculate percentage markup or   ! markdown.   It is a special operator that automatically evaluates   " the calculation without the need for the ENTER key to be pressed.     # For example to calculate a 20% markup on 56 type: $  %   5 6 + 2 0 % &  ' This will give the result 67.2.   To calculate a 10% markdown on   ( 45 type: )  *   4 5 - 1 0 % +  , This will give the result 40.5. -  . To calculate what percentage of 20, 17 is type: /  0      17 / 20 %    This will give the result 85. i.e. 17 is 85% of 20    To calculate 30% of 180 type:      180 * 30%    This will give the result 54. 	  
 7.3.4   Parenthesis.    KeyPlus supports up to 6 levels of parenthesis.  These may occur   
 anywhere where a value can occur, and are used to change the    order of evaluation of a calculation.   For example if you enter:      3 + 4 * 5 - 6    the calculation is evaluated as 3 + (4 * 5) - 6 = 17.   If    however you had wanted it to calculate (3+4) * (5-6) you would    type:      ( 3 + 4 ) * ( 5 - 6 )    Which evaluates to -7.    If you try to open more than 6 levels of parenthesis or close    more than are open KeyPlus will beep.    7.4     Memory Operations.    KeyPlus has 10 separate memories for storing conversion factors,     partial results, etc.   They are numbered 0 to 9 and may be   ! accessed using commands in the format given below. "  # Store number in memory 1:S 1. $ Recall contents of memory 1 % and insert in calculation: R 1. & Read contents of memory  ' without inserting into calculation:SHIFT with R1. ( Clear memory 1:C 1. ) Add to memory 1:A 1. *  +    7.4.1   Clear Memory : C.    This operation happens immediately, it is not entered into the    calculation.   For example to clear Memory 1, type:      C 1    7.4.2   Store Memory : S.   	 This stores the result of the calculation into a memory.   It   
 causes the calculation to be evaluated.   For example to store    the result of 9 / (5 - 2) in Memory 4 type :   
   9 / ( 5 - 2 ) S 4    This will cause the calculation to be evaluated resulting in 3    and then store this result in Memory 4.    7.4.3   Accumulate Memory : A.    This adds the result of the calculation to the contents of a    memory, without altering the calculation result.   It causes the    calculation to be evaluated.   For example, after the previous    example, Memory 4 contains 3.   Now to add to Memory 4 the result    of 9 / 5 type :      9 / 5 A 4    This will cause the calculation to be evaluated resulting in 1.8    and will then add this result to Memory 4 to give a value in    Memory 4, of 4.8.     7.4.4   Read Memory : Shift With R. !  " This is used to read the value in a memory at any time without   # affecting the current calculation.   For example if you type: $  %   SHIFT with R followed by 4 &  ' KeyPlus replies "memory 4 equals four point eight" but this has   ( not affected the calculation which can be continued. )  * 7.4.5   Recall Memory : R. +  , This is used to recall the value in a memory to insert it into   - the calculation.   For example, to divide the contents of memory   . 4 (4.8) by 4 and store the result in Memory 1, type : /  0      R 4 / 4 S 1    This calculates 4.8 / 4 = 1.2 and then stores that in Memory 1    7.5     Scientific Operations.    KeyPlus supports trigonometric, logarithmic and exponential    functions, as well as squares, square roots, powers and roots.   	 7.5.1   Trigonometric Functions. 
   The trigonometric functions can be calculated in either degrees    or radians.   To select degrees press D, to select radians press   
 SHIFT with D.    The trigonometric functions provided are:     Sine:                    press [   Arc Sine:                press SHIFT with [   Cosine:                  press ]   Arc Cosine:              press SHIFT with ]   Tangent:                 press \   Arc Tangent:             press SHIFT with \   PI:                      press Y    Use the Announce Key mode to familiarize yourself with the    location of the trigonometric keys.    To calculate the sine of 30 degrees type:      D [ 3 0 ENTER     KeyPlus will return the result "0.5" !  " Similarly to calculate the Arc Tangent of 2 type: #  $   SHIFT with \ 2 ENTER %  & KeyPlus replies with "63.43495" '  ( To calculate the cosine of Pi / 3 radians, type: )  *      SHIFT with D ] ( Y / 3 ) ENTER    KeyPlus replies "0.5".  Pressing SHIFT with D selects radians    mode.  The parenthesis causes KeyPlus to calculate PI / 3 before    taking the cosine.    7.5.2   Squares and Square Roots.    The square and square root keys are SHIFT with Q and Q   	 respectively.  To calculate the square root of 3 squared plus 4   
 squared, type:      Q ( 3 SHIFT with Q + 4 SHIFT with Q ) ENTER 
   KeyPlus replies "5".  Note that the square root operator precedes    the number you are to take the square root of, while the squared    operator occurs after the number to be squared.   This is as you    would write it down.    7.5.3   Logarithmic Functions.    The logarithmic functions provided are:       Log base e:               Press E     e to the power of:        Press SHIFT with E       Log base 10:              Press T    10 to the power of:        Press SHIFT with T     To calculate the log base e of 10 and save the result in Memory 2    type:      E 1 0 S 2    ! KeyPlus replies "2.302585" "  # Now calculate e to the power of 2.302585.  Type: $  %   SHIFT with E R 2 ENTER &  ' KeyPlus replies "10" (  ) Similarly to calculate log base 10 of 2 and store the result in   * memory 3, type: +  ,   T 2 S 3 -  . KeyPlus replies "0.30103" /  0 Now calculate 10 to the power of 0.30103.  Type: 1  2      SHIFT with T R 3 ENTER    KeyPlus replies "2"    7.5.4   Powers and Roots.    These functions are assigned as follows     x to the power of y:            Press X     x to the power of 1/y:        Press SHIFT with X  	  
 Thus to calculate 3 to the power of 4, type:      3 X 4 ENTER 
   KeyPlus replies "81"    To calculate the cube root of 27 type:      2 7 SHIFT with X 3 ENTER    KeyPlus replies "3"    End of Chapter 7.    