The ARRL Letter
Vol. 16, No. 46
November 21, 1997
__________________________________
Address Changes: Kathy Capodicasa, N1GZO, e-mail kcapodicasa@arrl.org
Editorial: Rick Lindquist, N1RL, e-mail elindquist@arrl.org
ARRL Audio News now is available at http://www.arrl.org/arrlletter/audio/
__________________________________

IN THIS EDITION:
* +WRC-97 concludes in Geneva
* +Ballots counted in Directors' races
* +FCC issues Amateur RF safety Supplement B
* +Florida hams respond to surprise tornado
* +Arizona QRMer to pay up
* Texas hams claim antenna law victory
* Section Manager election results
* Solar update
* IN BRIEF: This weekend on the radio;
   Correction; SAFEX II reported operational;
   Worldradio on tape; WX0B forms Array
   Solutions; California HANDI-HAM camp set;
   KC5NTW honored; KB9FO wins Emmy; Club
   saved at last minute; Ham to edit railroaders'
   newsletter; New VP9 Web site; Precourt to
   command STS-91

+Available on ARRL Audio News
__________________________________

WRC-97 WRAPS UP IN GENEVA

The 1997 World Radiocommunication Conference concluded its talks in the
early morning hours of November 21 in Geneva, Switzerland. Amateur Radio
survived WRC-97 largely unscathed, but the stage has been set for renewed
spectrum battles at WRC-99.

The Little LEOs (non-voice, non-geostationary mobile satellite
interests)--which put a huge scare into the ham radio community in 1996 with
their proposals to share ham radio VHF and UHF bands--were unable to muster
much support for new allocations at WRC-97. However, they came away with up
to 3 MHz of additional spectrum on a regional basis, in the bands between
454 and 460 MHz. The Little LEOs also got a resolution calling for urgent
studies in preparation for WRC-99--what some at the conference called "a
hunting license" for additional VHF/UHF spectrum. A second issue that will
recur at WRC-99 is finding a place in the 420-470 MHz frequency range for
the Earth Exploration Satellite Service (EESS). Synthetic aperture radars
(SARs) using frequencies in this range are said to be capable of penetrating
the rain forest for mapping purposes.

Two significant ham radio-related issues failed to make the cut for
consideration at WRC-99. For budgetary reasons, the WRC-97 delegates had to
limit the WRC-99 agenda only to the most urgent issues. Pushed back to the
tentative agenda for WRC-2001 were the possible realignment of the 40 meter
band to resolve a conflict between hams and broadcasters in part of the band
(along with possible expansion of broadcasting bands between 4 and 10 MHz),
and Article S25 of the international radio regulations. Article S25 contains
the international regulations specific to the Amateur and Amateur-Satellite
Services, including the Morse code requirement for operation below 30 MHz.

WRC-97 delegates approved a resolution encouraging administrations to
facilitate the use of ham radio and other "decentralized means of
communications" for disaster mitigation and relief operations. This
resolution eliminated the need for Resolution 640, which defined how certain
ham bands could be used for international disaster communications by
non-amateur stations, so Resolution 640 was suppressed.

WRC-97 delegates did agree to upgrade the Earth Exploration Satellite
Service from secondary to primary at 1215 to 1300 MHz, which should have
only minimal impact on amateur use of 1240-1300 MHz. The presence of EESS
there also reduces the possibility that other, less-compatible services
might later be introduced into this band.

In other allocations decisions, amateur satellite segments were not included
among allocations for wind profiler radars. Except for a worldwide primary
allocation at 1270 to 1295 MHz, the only specific allocations for wind
profiler radars are in Region 1, and those are on a secondary basis. Region
2 administrations were urged to implement wind profilers in radiolocation
bands at 440 to 450 MHz, 904 to 928 MHz (protecting the lower, weak-signal
segment), 1270 to 1295 MHz (protecting amateur satellite and weak-signal),
and 1300 to 1375 MHz. The delegates agreed that the bands 420 to 435 MHz or
438 to 440 MHz could be considered for use in situations where there was
incompatibility between wind profiler radars and other radio applications at
440 to 450 MHz or 470 to 494 MHz (only in some Region 1 countries). In this
case, too, the amateur-satellite segment is protected.

Several Region 1 (primarily European) countries deleted footnoted exceptions
to the international table of allocations in the 1810 to 1830 kHz range,
expanding the usability of 160 meters for ham radio. North Korea was
persuaded to drop its bid for footnoted exceptions to the allocations table
that could have affected some ham radio bands in that part of the world.

Amateur Radio was represented at WRC-97 by a multinational team of
International Amateur Radio Union officials, including Secretary Larry
Price, W4RA, Vice President Michael Owen, VK3KI, and Region 1 Vice Chairman
Wojciech Nietyksza, SP5FM. They were assisted for a time by Tafa Diop,
6W1KI, and Eduardo Estrada, HC2EE, who are members of their respective
regional executive committees. Numerous radio amateurs attended the
conference in official capacities on behalf of their national
administrations, including ARRL Technical Relations Manager Paul Rinaldo,
W4RI, who served on the US delegation.

In all, 1801 delegates from 142 countries registered at the conference.
Another 141 observers from regional and international organizations also
attended.

BALLOTS DECIDE DIRECTORS RACES

The ARRL Great Lakes Division will have a new Director starting January 1.
Joe Falcone, N8TI, of Livonia, Michigan, defeated incumbent Director George
Race, WB8BGY. The vote was 4477 to 2531. The ARRL Committee of Tellers for
the election of directors and vice directors for the 1998 through 1999 term
met at ARRL Headquarters November 21 to count ballots.

Race served as Great Lakes Division Vice Director before assuming the
Director's position in June of 1995, when former Directer Al Severson, AB8P,
resigned (Severson died in September).

Falcone, 48, is a tax litigation attorney and an ARRL life member.

Current Great Lakes Division Vice Director Dave Coons, WT8W, was unopposed
for re-election.

In the Delta Division, incumbent Director Rick Roderick, K5UR, of Cabot,
Arkansas, outpolled Malcolm Keown, W5XX, of Vicksburg, Mississippi, 2106 to
1330. Roderick is an attorney. Delta Division Vice Director Henry Leggette,
WD4Q, had no opposition.

In the Atlantic Division, incumbent Director Kay Craigie, WT3P, of Paoli,
Pennsylvania, easily beat back a challenge from Jim Carson, WK2K, of Ithaca
New York. The vote tally was 4918 to 1573. Atlantic Division Vice Director
Bernie Fuller, N3EFN, was without opposition for his seat.

Candidates in four other ARRL divisions also faced no opposition and are
considered re-elected. Uncontested candidates were:

* In the Dakota Division, Director Tod Olson, K0TO, and Vice Director John
Bellows, K0QB. (Current Vice Director Hans Brakob, K0HB, decided not to seek
re-election.)

* In the Midwest Director Lew Gordon, K4VX, and Vice Director Bruce Frahm,
K0BJ.

* In the Pacific Division, Director Brad Wyatt, K6WR, and Vice Director Jim
Maxwell, W6CF.

* In the Southeastern Division, Director Frank Butler, W4RH, and Vice
Director Evelyn Gauzens, W4WYR.

Terms of office for successful candidates begin January 1, 1998.

FCC ISSUES RF SAFETY SUPPLEMENT B TO OET BULLETIN 65

Hams now have basic guidelines and tools to evaluate their stations for
compliance with the FCC's RF exposure guidelines that start phasing in
January 1, 1998. The FCC's Office of Engineering and Technology issued the
long-anticipated Amateur Radio Supplement B to its OET Bulletin 65 on
November 18. The FCC worked closely with the Amateur Radio community to
develop the new supplement. Several ARRL Headquarters staff members and
Technical Advisors reviewed preliminary drafts of the supplement. ARRL Lab
Supervisor Ed Hare, W1RFI, has been the League's point man for RF safety and
exposure issues.

"It has been my pleasure to work with the FCC staff and the amateur
community in finalizing Supplement B," Hare said. "All who have been part of
this process deserve the thanks of the entire amateur community."

Supplement B, entitled Additional Information for Amateur Radio Stations,
contains detailed information specific to ham radio stations. It is designed
to be used in conjunction with the FCC's OET Bulletin 65 (Version 97-01),
Evaluating Compliance with FCC Guidelines for Human Exposure to
Radiofrequency Electromagnetic Fields. The revised Bulletin 65 was issued
earlier this year. Supplement B covers definitions of RF radiation and
discusses the FCC exposure guidelines and their applications, methods of
predicting human exposure, estimating compliance distances, and controlling
exposure to RF fields. The supplement runs approximately 70 pages. Among its
noteworthy highlights are numerous easy-to-use tables based on various
frequencies, power levels and antenna configurations to help hams determine
whether their stations comply with the FCC's published RF exposure
guidelines. Most tables show compliance distance--the distance that an
antenna needs to be located from areas of exposure to be in compliance. (For
a closer look, see "FCC RF-Exposure Regulations--the Station Evaluation," by
Ed Hare, W1RFI, which will appear in the January issue of QST.)

The new RF exposure rules go into effect January 1, 1998 for all new
stations and for those filing a Form 610 with the FCC after that date.
Existing stations have until September 1, 2000 to comply with the new rules.
But, existing stations making changes that could affect RF exposure from
their station--such as increasing power or relocating antennas--must
evaluate that change if done after January 1, 1998.

As first announced, the FCC set a power threshold of 50 W to trigger the
need to do a station evaluation. In late August, the FCC revised the power
level thresholds to trigger a routine Amateur Radio station RF exposure
evaluation. Those changes were welcome news for most hams. The newest
guidelines raised its original 50-W PEP threshold on all bands except 10
meters through 2 meters, where it remains at 50 W PEP. The FCC went along in
part with an ARRL request and established a sliding scale for threshold
levels dependent upon frequency. The revised thresholds (all PEP) are 500 W
for 160 through 40 meters, 425 W on 30 meters (the maximum legal power is
200 W), 225 W on 20 meters, 125 W on 17 meters, 100 W on 15 meters, 75 W on
12 meters and 50 W on 10 meters. The threshold for all VHF bands is 50 W. On
UHF, the threshold level is 70 W on 70 cm, 150 W on 33 cm, 200 W on 23 cm,
and 250 W on 13 cm and higher frequencies.

The threshold for amateur repeaters is 500 W effective radiated power (ERP)
if the repeater antenna is located on a building or is less than 10 meters
above ground. Stations operating at or below these respective power levels
are categorically excluded from having to conduct a routine RF radiation
evaluation. Mobile and portable (hand-held) devices using push-to-talk
operation generally are also exempt from evaluation. But, all
stations--regardless of power level--still must comply with the RF exposure
limits that become effective New Year's Day.

OET Bulletin 65 and the new Supplement B are available at
http://www.fcc.gov/oet/info/documents/bulletins/#65. Copies are available
from  International Transcription Service Inc, 1231 20th St NW, Washington,
DC 20036; tel 202-857-3800; fax 202-857-3805.

FLORIDA HAMS RESPOND TO SURPRISE TORNADO

Just after midnight on November 2, the beachfront community of New Smyrna
Beach, Florida, was struck without warning by a tornado. The storm, rated by
the National Weather Service as an F2 twister, carried winds in excess of
150 MPH. Damage surveys estimated more than 350 structures were damaged or
destroyed, and 32 people were injured--a half dozen or so badly enough to
require hospitalization. Remarkably, no one was killed, but some 200
residents were forced to seek refuge in shelters, hotels or with family and
friends.

The surprise storm was a bit of a wake-up call for The Central Florida ARES
and RACES teams, which had been lulled into complacency by a rather inactive
hurricane season.

Volusia County ARES EC Bill Crandall, KM4AE, and his wife, Mary Ann, KD4MSD,
activated the Volusia County Amateur Radio Emergency Communications Service
(VARECS) and had the emergency operations center operational by 6:45 AM on
November 2. An emergency net soon was  humming on the 147.24 MHz repeater.
Within a couple of hours, Amateur Radio priority traffic began flowing
between the Daytona Beach Red Cross and the New Smyrna Beach ARC field
disaster site service center. Telephone communication also was established
with the New Smyrna Beach Sheriff's Office to verify and update damage
reports. In addition, damage reports were funneled through Air Force MARS
channels to FEMA.

By noon, a working communication plan was established between Red Cross
Communications Director Paul Branch, K3NON, and KM4AE. All East Central
District County ARES teams responded to a call for outside support. In all,
KM4AE reports, 54 hams--including two ARRL PIOs--volunteered their services
to help in the tornado damage assessment and recovery effort. "Our working
relationship with the Red Cross communications director was excellent,"
Crandall said. Hams actively provided communication service for more than
156 hours between November 2 and November 8.--Bill Crandall, KM4AE; Michael
Welch, KF4HFC; Norman Lauterette, WA4HYJ

ARIZONA QRMer TO PAY UP

Hams in Arizona are cheering, now that a man fined by the FCC for malicious
interference and other rules violations has finally agreed to pay up. Last
year, the FCC fined Timothy Harold Hoffman of Phoenix $6000 for repeated
violations, including interference to Phoenix-area repeaters. The violations
were called to the Commission's attention by the Arizona Repeater
Association's ARRL-sanctioned Local Interference Committee. Hoffman was
cited for five specific violations, including transmitting on ham
frequencies without a valid operator or station authorization, and willfully
and maliciously interfering with ham radio communications. But, as Lance
Halle, KW7LH, tells it, "it took a multitude of long distance calls by
committee members, support from FCC personal, input from Congress, and the
White House, to get a Notice of Forfeiture and then a federal court
judgment" against Hoffman, which he called "one of the major interferers."

"The system does work," Halle said in alerting the ARRL to the October 26
judgment by US District Court judge Robert C. Broomfield. Hoffman will pay
off his fine in increments of $200 per month. "Spread the word! Maybe this
will deter some of the would-be interferers."

TEXAS HAMS CLAIM ANTENNA ORDINANCE VICTORY

Hams in Greenville, Texas, succeeded recently in getting ham radio antennas
and towers exempted from a local telecommunications facility ordinance.
Members of Greenville's Sabine Valley Amateur Radio Association were
claiming victory in getting the City Council to reject a Planning and Zoning
Board ruling that would have kept ham antennas in the ordinance.

SVARA President Art Passannante, KC5GQP, cited ARES EC Gary Hall, KB5LWZ;
Orin Forrester, KC5LAI; Fire Chief Robert Wood; Assistant ARES EC Danny
Ussery, N5VKM, "and many others" for their role in getting the ordinance
rewritten favorably for ham radio. Passannante also thanked the ARRL for
helping his club to obtain the reference materials it needed to prepare its
presentations to the local governing bodies. "The exemption will serve as a
model for a larger section-wide ruling," Passannante said.

NEW WEST TEXAS SM ELECTED

Charles C. Royall, WD5CJI, of San Angelo, Texas, will be the new West Texas
Section Manager. Royall received 84 votes in a three-way race for the
position. Ted Harwood, KB5VWC, got 44 votes, while Fred Marble Jr, W6VPI,
got 53 votes. The term of office begins January 1, 1998. Royall succeeds
Amelia "Milly" Wise, W5OVH, of El Paso.

Section Manager candidates in seven other sections, all incumbents, were not
contested and were declared elected. They include: In the Delaware section,
Randall Carlson, WB0JJX; in the East Bay Section, Bob Vallio, W6RGG; in the
Michigan Section, Richard Mondro, WA4FQT; in the New Mexico Section, Joe
Knight, W5PDY; in the Santa Barbara Section, Robert Griffin, K6YR; in the
Tennessee Section, O.D. Keaton, WA4GLS; and in the Western Massachusetts
Section, William Voedisch Jr, W1UD.

Since no petitions were received for the Alabama, Alaska, and Kansas section
manager elections by the September 5, 1997, deadline, nominating petitions
will be resolicited in January QST.

SOLAR UPDATE

Solar prognisticator Tad Cook, K7VVV, Seattle, Washington, reports: Solar
activity was up a little this week compared to last, and geomagnetic
conditions were quiet. The average solar flux for the previous 90 days rose
one point to 91, and the solar flux was above these numbers every day this
week. This indicates an upward trend. The 90-day average was 5 points lower
only a month ago.

Solar activity is expected to remain high, with solar flux values over 100.
An active area (region 8100) is expected to return November 23, and this may
send solar flux to the 110 mark from November 26 to December 1. Flux values
are not expected to drop below 95 until December 10. This region, which
produced X-class solar flares on November 4 and 6, may produce M-class flare
activity this time around. Watch for active geomagnetic conditions around
November 20 to 24 and again around December 3.

The 10 and 15 meter bands should open during the day with higher solar flux
values. The best conditions, with high solar flux and low geomagnetic
conditions are currently forecast for the CQ Worldwide CW DX Contest on the
weekend following Thanksgiving.

With solar activity higher, it is fun to watch the progress of cycle 23 with
a plotting program which graphs the daily numbers over time. Check out the
Solar Data Plotting software from WA4TTK on the web at
http://edge.net/~scraig/. This program automatically grabs the solar data
from this weekly propagation bulletin to update it's database. If you need
to fill in gaps in your data, grab old propagation bulletins from the ARRL
web site at http://www.arrl.org/w1aw/prop/1997-index.html.

Sunspot numbers for November 13 through 19 were 41, 48, 35, 58, 74, 71 and
62, with a mean of 55.6. The 10.7-cm flux was 90, 93, 96.2, 96.2, 94.2, 91.5
and 96.5, with a mean of 93.9, and estimated planetary A indices were 4, 11,
7, 9, 7, 9, and 3, with a mean of 7.1.
__________________________________

IN BRIEF:

* This weekend on the radio: There's a break in major contest action this
weekend. The next major operating event is the CQ WW DX Contest (CW),
November 29-30. See October QST, page 107, for details.

* Correction: The correct URL for the WRC club site is
http://www.itu.int/radioclub/ .

* SAFEX II reported operational: Reports indicate that the SAFEX repeater
aboard the Mir space station has been operational, but it's not known for
sure if the repeater is back on to stay. AMSAT's VP International, Ray
Soifer, W2RS, reports he worked KB2ETV on November 9 using a dual-band
hand-held and a half-wave whip. Soifer said the downlink was quite active at
the time with many stations calling. For those not familiar with the
transponder, SAFEX II's input frequency is 435.750 MHz (CTCSS tone is 141.3
Hz), and its output is 437.950 MHz. Both frequencies are subject to Doppler
shift of up to 10 kHz, so users are cautioned to program their radios
accordingly.--AMSAT News Service

* Worldradio on tape: Worldradio magazine is available on cassette tape for
visually and physically impaired people for $3 per year. Contact Tom Carten,
K1PZU, 1602-A King's College, Wilkes-Barre PA 187111-0801; e-mail
tfcarten@leo.kings.edu.--Tom Carten K1PZU

* WX0B forms Array Solutions: Jay Terleski, WX0B, has formed Array Solutions
to manufacture and sell the WX0B line of products formerly sold by Dunestar
Systems. Array Solutions will warranty and repair all StackMatches sold to
date. StackMatch owners are asked to register with Array Solutions to
receive product update information. For more information, see
http://www.arraysolutions.com/index.htm or write Array Solutions, 350 Gloria
Rd, Sunnyvale, TX 75182; tel 972-203-8810; fax 972-203-8811; e-mail
wx0b@arraysolutions.com.

* California HANDI-HAM camp set: The next session of HANDI-HAM Radio
Workshop (camp) will be held at Camp Joan Mier, Malibu, California, from
February 24 to March 1, 1998. This camp will provide ham radio instruction
at all levels for persons with severe physical (not learning) disabilities
and/or sensory impairments. The 1998 camp is free for California residents
seeking their first ham ticket or upgrade. All normal care, food, lodging,
and Amateur Radio instruction for the session will be provided at no cost to
the campers. For more information, contact Jane Rova, Secretary, Courage
HANDI-HAM System, 3915 Golden Valley Road, Golden Valley, MN 55422; tel
612-520-0512; e-mail handiham@mtn.org.

* KC5NTW honored: Jon Spargo, KC5NTW, was honored as Man of the Year for
1997 by the Socorro County (New Mexico) Chamber of Commerce. The award
recognized Spargo's numerous community-service efforts, including organizing
extensive public observing sessions for Comet Hale-Bopp at New Mexico Tech's
Etscorn Campus Observatory, leading a new model-train club that is
preserving railroad history artifacts in Socorro, and participating in
public-service activities of the Socorro Amateur Radio Association. Safety
Officer for the National Radio Astronomy Observatory, Spargo also volunteers
for Project ASTRO, a nationwide astronomy-education program that brings
science into school classrooms. Spargo received his award from outgoing
Chamber President Dave Finley, N1IRZ, at the organization's annual banquet
in October.

* KB9FO wins Emmy: The 1997 Technical Excellence Emmy from the National
Association of Television Arts and Sciences has gone to Henry Ruh, KB9FO, an
ARRL life member. The award, presented recently at a ceremony in Chicago,
recognizes his creative engineering work in television remote broadcast
units, employing digital TV equipment in new and innovative applications to
afford versatility and efficiency to broadcasters.--Henry Ruh, KB9FO

* Club saved at last minute: Jeff Hugabone, N7KBY, reports that the
53-year-old Hampden (Massachusetts) County Radio Association was rescued at
the last minute from dissolution and will continue to serve hams in the
Pioneer Valley. Following some tense moments and a motion to dissolve the
club at its last meeting November 7, a ham, rather new to the area, stepped
up and offered his interest in becoming president. The individual was
quickly voted in. Hugabone says it turned out that their new president, a
retiree with some time and resources to invest, had led several California
clubs in years past. "Following his election, a fervor of activity ensued,"
Hugabone said, adding that the new president's enthusiasm was contagious and
new officers and board members soon were in place. "Sometimes it takes
hitting rock-bottom, before the realization hits that what you are about to
lose is so very valuable," he concluded.

* Ham to edit railroaders' newsletter: James Sackey, N9ESM, of Snoqualmie,
Washington, has been named editor of the Northwest Railway Museum monthly
newsletter, The Sounder. Sackey is visitor services manager for the museum,
located in the historic Snoqualmie Depot--the oldest operating train station
in the state of Washington. Sackey, a US Navy veteran, has written for QST
and other ham radio magazines as well as for newspapers. He took over the
helm of The Sounder with the September issue.--Northwest Railway Museum

* New VP9 Web site: The Radio Society of Bermuda has a new Web site. It's at
http://www.bermuda-shorts.com/rsb.--Thanks to Glen, VP9ID

* Precourt to command STS-91: US astronaut Charles Precourt, KB5YSQ, will
command the final scheduled shuttle/Mir docking mission next May. The
flight, designated as STS-91, will be aboard the shuttle Discovery. Precourt
has visited the Russian space station twice before. The flight crew will
include Wendy B. Lawrence, KC5KII. The May mission will retrieve US
astronaut Andy Thomas, KD5CHF, from Mir. Thomas is scheduled to travel to
Mir in January.--NASA

===========================================================
The ARRL Letter is published by the American Radio Relay League, 225 Main
St, Newington, CT 06111; tel 860-594-0200; fax 860-594-0259. Rodney J.
Stafford, KB6ZV, President; David Sumner, K1ZZ, Executive Vice President.

Circulation, Kathy Capodicasa, N1GZO, e-mail kcapodicasa@arrl.org.
Editorial, Rick Lindquist, N1RL, e-mail elindquist@arrl.org.

Visit the ARRLWeb page at http://www.arrl.org.

The purpose of The ARRL Letter is to provide the essential news of interest
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