                             CONSTITUTION
                                OF THE
                             STATE OF UTAH
                          (as amended to 1973)

                               PREAMBLE

   Grateful to Almighty God for life and liberty,  we,  the people of Utah, 
in  order  to secure and perpetuate the principles of free  government,  do 
ordain and establish this CONSTITUTION.

                              ARTICLE I

                       DECLARATION OF RIGHTS

   Section 1.  All men have the inherent and inalienable right to enjoy and 
defend their lives and liberties; to acquire, possess and protect property; 
to  worship  according to the dictates of their  consciences;  to  assemble 
peaceably, protest against wrongs,  and petition for redress of grievances; 
to  communicate freely their thoughts and opinions,  being responsible  for 
the abuse of that right.

   Section 2.   All political power is inherent in the people; and all free 
governments  are founded on their authority for their equal protection  and 
benefit, and they have the right to alter or reform their government as the 
public welfare may require.

   Section  3.   The  State of Utah is an inseparable part of  the  Federal 
Union,  and the Constitution of the United States is the supreme law of the 
land.

   Section 4.  The rights of conscience shall never be infringed. The State 
shall  make  no law respecting an establishment of religion or  prohibiting 
the  free  exercise  thereof;  no  religious test shall be  required  as  a 
qualification  for  any  office  of public trust or for  any  vote  at  any 
election;  nor  shall  any person be incompetent as a witness or  juror  on 
account of religious belief or the absence thereof. There shall be no union 
of  Church and State,  nor shall any church dominate the State or interfere 
with its functions. No public money or property shall be apportioned for or 
applied  to  any religious worship,  exercise or instruction,  or  for  the 
support  of  any ecclesiastical establishment.  No  property  qualification 
shall be required of any person to vote, or hold office, except as provided 
in this Constitution.

   Section  5.    The  privilege of the writ of habeas corpus shall not  be 
suspended.  unless,  in  case of rebellion or invasion,  the public  safety 
requires it.

   Section  6.    The people have the right to bear arms for their security 
and defense, but the Legislature may regulate the exercise of this right by 
law.

   Section 7.   No person shall be deprived of life, liberty,  or property, 
without due process of law.

   Section  8.    All  prisoners shall be bailable by sufficient  sureties, 
except  for  capital offenses when the proof is evident or the  presumption 
strong  or where a person is accused of the commission of a felony while on 
probation  or  parole,  or while free on bail awaiting trial on a  previous 
felony  charge,  and where the proof is evident or the presumption  strong. 
(As amended Nov. 7, 1972, effective Jan. 1, 1973)

   Section 9.   Excessive bail shall not be required; excessive fines shall 
not imposed,  nor shall cruel and unusual punishment be inflicted.  Persons 
arrested or imprisoned shall not be treated with unnecessary rigor.

   Section  10.   In capital cases the right of trial by jury shall  remain 
inviolate.  In courts of general jurisdiction,  except in capital cases,  a 
jury  shall consist of eight jurors.  In courts of inferior jurisdiction  a 
jury  shall consist of four jurors.  In criminal cases the verdict shall be 
unanimous. In civil cases three-fourths of the jurors may find a verdict. A 
jury in civil cases shall be waived unless demanded.

   Section 11.  All courts shall be open,  and every person,  for an injury 
done to him in his person, property or reputation, shall have remedy by due 
course  of law,  which shall be administered without denial or  unnecessary 
delay;  and  no person shall be barred from prosecuting or defending before 
any tribunal in this State, by himself or counsel, any civil cause to which 
he is a party.

   Section  12.   In criminal prosecutions the accused shall have the right 
to  appear  and defend in person and by counsel,  to demand the nature  and 
cause of the accusation against him, to have a copy thereof,  to testify in 
his  own behalf,  to be confronted with the witnesses against him,  to have 
compulsory process to compel the attendance of witnesses in his own behalf, 
to  have  a  speedy  public trial by an impartial jury  of  the  county  or 
district  in which the offense is alleged to have been committed,  and  the 
right  to  appeal in all cases.  In no instance shall any  accused  person, 
before final judgement, be compelled to advance money or fees to secure the 
rights  herein  guaranteed.  The  accused shall not be  compelled  to  give 
evidence against himself;  a wife shall not be compelled to testify against 
her husband, nor a husband against his wife,  nor shall any person be twice 
put in jeopardy for the same offense.

   Section   13.    Offenses  heretofore  required  to  be  prosecuted   by 
indictment,  shall  be  prosecuted  by information  after  examination  and 
commitment by a magistrate, unless the examination be waived by the accused 
with the consent of the State.

   Section  14.   The  right of the people to be secure in  their  persons, 
houses,  papers  and effects,  against unreasonable searches and  seizures, 
shall  not be violated.  and no warrant shall issue but upon probable cause 
supported  by oath or affirmation,  particularly describing the place to be 
searched and the person or thing to be seized.

   Section 15.   No law shall be passed to abridge the freedom of speech or 
of the press. In all criminal prosecutions for libel the truth may be given 
in evidence to the jury; and if it shall appear to the jury that the matter 
charged as libelous is true,  and was published with good motives,  and for 
justifiable ends, the party shall be acquitted; and the jury shall have the 
right to determine the law and the fact.

   Section 16.   There shall be no imprisonment for debt except in cases of 
absconding debtors.

   Section  17.   All  elections  shall be free,  and no  power,  civil  or 
military,  shall  at any time interfere to prevent the free exercise of the 
right of suffrage. Soldiers in time of war, may vote at their post of duty, 
in or out of the State, under regulations to be prescribed by law.

   Section 18.  No bill of attainder,  ex post facto law,  or law impairing 
the obligation of contracts shall be passed.

   Section 19.  Treason against the State shall consist only in levying war 
against  it,  or  in  adhering  to its enemies or in giving  them  aid  and 
comfort. No person shall be convicted of treason unless on the testimony of 
two witnesses to the same overt act.

Section  20.   The  military shall be in strict subordination to the  civil 
power,  and  no soldier shall in time of peace,  shall be quartered in  any 
house,  without the consent of the owner;  nor in time of war except in the 
manner to be prescribed by law.

   Section  21.   Neither  slavery  nor involuntary  servitude,  except  as 
punishment  for  crime,  whereof the party shall have been duly  convicted, 
shall exist within this State.

   Section  22.   Private property shall not be taken or damaged for public 
use without just compensation.

   Section 23.   No law shall be passed granting irrevocably any franchise, 
privilege or immunity.

   Section  24.   All  laws  of  a  general nature  shall  have  a  uniform 
operation.

   Section 25.  This enumeration of rights shall not be construed to impair 
or deny others retained by the people.

   Section  26.   The  provisions  of this Constitution are  mandatory  and 
prohibitory, unless by express words they are declared to be otherwise.

   Section 27.   Frequent recurrence to fundamental principles is essential 
to the security of individual rights and the perpetuity of free government.
