======================================================================
  Microsoft(R) Product Support Services Application Note (Text File)
                    GA0650: DVORAK KEYBOARD LAYOUTS
======================================================================
                                                  Revision Date: 10/93
                                                       1 Disk Included

The following information applies to Microsoft MS-DOS(R) versions 5.0
and 6.0, Windows(TM) 3.1, Windows for Workgroups 3.1, and 
Windows NT(TM) 3.1.

 ----------------------------------------------------------------------
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| Copyright 1992-1993 Microsoft Corporation. All Rights Reserved.     |
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 ----------------------------------------------------------------------                              
                                   
                                   
                             INTRODUCTION
                             ============

Microsoft distributes Dvorak keyboard layouts that make the most
frequently typed characters on a keyboard more accessible to people
who have difficulty using the standard "QWERTY" layout. There are
three Dvorak layouts: one for two-handed users, one for people who
type only with their left hand, and one for people who type only with
their right hand. The left- or right-hand keyboard layouts can also be
used by people who type with a wand.

The enclosed disk includes the following files, which provide new
keyboard layouts for Microsoft MS-DOS 5.0 or 6.0, Microsoft Windows 3.1,
Windows for Workgroups 3.1, and Microsoft Windows NT 3.1:

   File          Size    Date       Time
   ----------------------------------------
   DVORAK.SYS    3241    08-26-93   9:55a
   KBDLH.DLL     11264   10-11-92   1:00a
   KBDRH.DLL     11264   10-09-92   1:00a
   KBDUSL.DLL    1260    07-31-92   3:10a
   KBDUSR.DLL    1260    07-31-92   3:10a
   OEMLAY0.INF   11000   11-10-92   1:00a

This application note explains how to install these layouts and
restore your original layout. It also provides illustrations of the
layouts.
                                   
                                   
                      WHAT IS A KEYBOARD LAYOUT?
                      ==========================

A keyboard layout is a map or a definition of how keys are laid out on
your keyboard. The keyboard layout you use is determined by software
in your computer. The letters on your keys indicate the standard
layout for your keyboard. There are many different keyboard layouts in
use throughout the world. The one you ordinarily use depends on the
country you are in or the language you use.


DVORAK KEYBOARD LAYOUTS
=======================

Dvorak keyboard layouts are based on designs created by August Dvorak,
a professor at the University of Washington during the 1930s and
1940s. Dr. Dvorak studied the way people type standard English, and
determined the most common letter combinations. He then designed new
keyboard layouts to speed up typing and reduce fatigue. These layouts,
now called Dvorak or simplified keyboard layouts, were initially
developed for two-handed typists. Following World War II, Dvorak
layouts were developed for typists who use the right or left hand
alone.
                                                                   
                                   
            INSTALLING A DVORAK KEYBOARD LAYOUT FOR MS-DOS
            ==============================================

The enclosed GA0650 disk provides the DVORAK.SYS file. This file
supports the Dvorak keyboard layouts for two-handed and single-handed
typists who use MS-DOS 5.0 or 6.0.

To Install A United States (U.S.) Dvorak Keyboard Layout for MS-DOS
-------------------------------------------------------------------

1. Insert the enclosed GA0650 disk in your floppy disk drive.

2. Copy the DVORAK.SYS file from the GA0650 disk to your MS-DOS
   directory by typing the following at the MS-DOS command prompt and
   pressing ENTER

      copy <drive>:\dvorak.sys <destination>
    
   where <drive> is the floppy disk drive containing the GA0650 disk
   and <destination> is the drive and directory where your MS-DOS
   files currently reside. For example, if you inserted the GA0650
   disk in drive A and your MS-DOS directory is called DOS and is on
   drive C, type the following at the MS-DOS command prompt and press
   ENTER:
   
      copy a:\dvorak.sys c:\dos\dvorak.sys

3. To begin using one of the new keyboard layouts, type the
   appropriate command (as shown in the table below) at the MS-DOS
   command prompt and press ENTER:

      Keyboard LayoutCommand
      --------------------------------------------
      Two-handed     keyb dv,,c:\dos\dvorak.sys
      Right-handed   keyb rh,,c:\dos\dvorak.sys
      Left-handed    keyb lh,,c:\dos\dvorak.sys

To load one of these keyboard layouts automatically when your computer
starts, include the appropriate keyb command in your AUTOEXEC.BAT
file. The keyb command should be placed after a path command that
includes your MS-DOS directory. If your AUTOEXEC.BAT file includes the
WIN or DOSSHELL command, make sure the KEYB command comes before the
WIN or DOSSHELL command.

Once you have loaded one of the Dvorak layouts, you can easily switch
between the Dvorak layout and the U.S. standard layout. To switch back
to the U.S. standard layout, press CTRL+ALT+F1. To switch to the
Dvorak layout, press CTRL+ALT+F2.

To Disable the United States (U.S.) Dvorak Keyboard Layout for MS-DOS
---------------------------------------------------------------------
   
To disable the United States (U.S.) Dvorak keyboard layout for MS-DOS,
open the AUTOEXEC.BAT file (with a text editor such as MS-DOS Editor),
delete the line with the KEYB command, save the file, and restart your
computer.

                                 
         INSTALLING A DVORAK KEYBOARD LAYOUT FOR WINDOWS OR
         ==================================================
                        WINDOWS FOR WORKGROUPS
                        ======================

The enclosed GA0650 disk provides the KBDUSR.DLL and KBDUSL.DLL files,
which support the Dvorak keyboard layouts for Windows 3.1 or Windows
for Workgroups 3.1 users who type with the right hand or left hand
alone. Windows already includes the U.S. Dvorak keyboard layout for
users who type with two hands.

   NOTE: If you use MS-DOS-based applications with Windows, you must
   install the Dvorak layouts for MS-DOS in order to get Dvorak
   support for those applications. For instructions, see the previous
   section, "Installing a Dvorak Keyboard Layout for MS-DOS."

To Install the U.S. Dvorak Keyboard Layout for Two-Handed Typists
-----------------------------------------------------------------

1. Run Control Panel.

2. From Control Panel, choose the International icon. The
   International dialog box appears.

3. From the Keyboard Layout box, select US-Dvorak.

4. Choose the OK button.

To disable the two-handed Dvorak layout and restore your original
layout, follow the steps in the preceding procedure. In step 3, choose
your original layout.

To Install a U.S. Dvorak Keyboard Layout for Single-Handed Typists
------------------------------------------------------------------

1. Insert the enclosed GA0650 disk in your floppy disk drive.

2. If you want to use the right-handed Dvorak layout, copy the
   KBDUSR.DLL file to the Windows SYSTEM subdirectory on your hard disk.
   If you want to use the left-handed Dvorak layout, copy the
   KBDUSL.DLL file to the Windows SYSTEM subdirectory on your hard
   disk.

   You can do this by typing the following at the MS-DOS command
   prompt and pressing ENTER

      copy <drive>:\<progname> <destination>

   where <drive> is the floppy drive containing the GA0650 disk,
   <progname> is KBDUSR.DLL for the right-handed layout or KBDUSL.DLL
   for the left-handed layout, and <destination> is the drive and
   directory where your Windows SYSTEM directory resides.

   For example, if you inserted the GA0650 disk in drive A and your
   Windows directory is called WINDOWS and is on drive C, type one of
   the following at the MS-DOS command prompt:

   Right-Handed users type:

      copy a:\kbdusr.dll c:\windows\system\kbdusr.dll
      
      -or-
      
   Left-handed users type:

      copy a:\kbdusl.dll c:\windows\system\kdbusl.dll

   If you are using a shared copy of Windows that is installed on a
   network server, copy the file to your private Windows directory.

3. Use a text editor, such as MS-DOS Editor, to open your SYSTEM.INI
   file. The SYSTEM.INI file is located in the directory that contains
   your Windows files.

4. Find the section that begins with the following line:

      [keyboard]

5. Within the [keyboard] section, find the following line:

      keyboard.dll=

6. Depending on which keyboard layout you want to use, type KBDUSL.DLL
   or KBDUSR.DLL after the equal sign (=). When you are finished, the
   line should look like one of the following:

      keyboard.dll=kbdusl.dll
      
      -or-
      
      keyboard.dll=kbdusr.dll

7. Save your SYSTEM.INI file.

8. Close Windows.

9. Restart Windows.

To Disable the Single-Handed Layout and Restore Your Original Windows
---------------------------------------------------------------------
Keyboard Layout
---------------

1. Run Control Panel.

2. From Control Panel, choose the International icon. The
   International dialog box appears.

3. From the Keyboard Layout box, select the keyboard layout you
   previously used.

4. Choose the OK button.
                                                             
                                   
          INSTALLING A DVORAK KEYBOARD LAYOUT FOR WINDOWS NT
          ==================================================

To Install a U.S. Dvorak Keyboard Layout for Two-Handed Typists
---------------------------------------------------------------

1. Run Control Panel.

2. From Control Panel, choose the International icon. The
   International dialog box appears.

3. From the Keyboard Layout box, select US-Dvorak.

4. Choose the OK button.

To disable the two-handed Dvorak layout and restore your original
layout, follow the steps in the preceding procedure. In step 3, choose
your original layout.

To Install a U.S. Dvorak Keyboard Layout for Single-Handed Typists
------------------------------------------------------------------

    NOTE: The Dvorak single-handed keyboard layouts support only 80386
    and 80486 processors. They do not support RISC processors at this
    time.

1. If there is an OEMLAY0.INF file in your Windows NT SYSTEM32
   subdirectory, rename it with a unique filename. For example, rename
   it OEMLAY1.INF if there is not already an OEMLAY1.INF file in your
   SYSTEM32 subdirectory:
      
      ren c:\winnt\system32\oemlay0.inf c:\winnt\system32\oemlay1.inf

     NOTE: When you rename an OEMLAYn.INF file, choose the next unused
     number to ensure Windows NT reads all the OEMLAYn.INF files
     correctly (where n is a number). For example, if you have three
     OEMLAY.INF files (OEMLAY0.INF, OEMLAY1.INF, and OEMLAY2.INF),
     rename OEMLAY0.INF in your Windows NT SYSTEM subdirectory to
     OEMLAY3.INF.

2. Insert the enclosed GA0650 disk in your floppy disk drive.

3. Copy the OEMLAY0.INF file from the GA0650 disk to the Windows NT
   SYSTEM32 subdirectory on your hard disk. You can do this by typing
   the following at the MS-DOS command prompt and pressing ENTER

      copy <drive>:\oemlay0.inf <destination>

   where <drive> is the floppy disk drive containing the GA0650 disk
   and <destination> is the drive and directory where your Windows NT
   SYSTEM32 directory resides.

   For example, if the GA0650 disk is in drive A and your Windows NT
   directory is called WINNT and is on drive C, type the following at
   the MS-DOS command prompt and press ENTER:

      copy a:\oemlay0.inf c:\winnt\system32\oemlay0.inf

4. Run Control Panel.

5. From Control Panel, choose the International icon. The
   International dialog box appears.

6. From the Keyboard Layout box, select US Left Single-Handed Layout
   or US Right Single-Handed Layout.

7. Choose the OK button. Windows NT prompts you to type the path to
   the KBDRH.DLL or KBDLH.DLL file.

8. Type the path to the floppy disk drive that contains the GA0650
   disk.

   For example, if you put the disk in drive A, you would type the
   following at the MS-DOS command prompt:

      a:

9. Choose the Continue button.


To Disable the Single-Handed Layout and Restore Your Original 
-------------------------------------------------------------
Windows NT Keyboard Layout
--------------------------

1. Run Control Panel.

2. From Control Panel, choose the International icon. The
   International dialog box appears.

3. From the Keyboard Layout box, select the keyboard layout you
   previously used.

4. Choose the OK button.

                                   
              LEARNING TO USE THE DVORAK KEYBOARD LAYOUTS
              ===========================================

The illustrations on the next page can help you learn a new keyboard
layout. You may want to take a class or purchase stickers to put on
your keys so you see the new layout as you type. For information about
classes and stickers, contact:

   KEYTIME
   4516 NE 54th St.
   Seattle, WA  98105-2933
   (206) 324-7219 (voice and fax)
   

STANDARD QWERTY KEYBOARD LAYOUT
===============================

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TWO-HANDED DVORAK KEYBOARD LAYOUT
=================================

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RIGHT SINGLE-HANDED DVORAK KEYBOARD LAYOUT
==========================================

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LEFT SINGLE-HANDED DVORAK KEYBOARD LAYOUT
=========================================

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--------------------------------------------