   NERO BURNING-ROM VERSIONS 4, 5 AND 5.5 FROM THE KEYBOARD
          (INCLUDES NERO INCE AND NERO MEDIA PLAYER)


                              By

                          John Wilson

                        Copyright 2006

                           ********

                       TABLE OF CONTENTS

[To find a particular section or heading, use your word-
processor's or editor's search facility, e.g. type ">section 4"
to find that section. Putting a > sign (capitalised full stop)
before the word section will ensure that you do not stop on an
earlier cross-reference to that section. Type the string
"Launching Nero" to find that subheading or just type "7.2." to
find it via its paragraph number. Additionally, all main sections
are separated by a centred row of eight asterisks.]

Foreword and Restrictions
Available Tutorial Formats 
Target Group
Conventions
Suggested Approaches for Effective Learning with this Tutorial

Section 1: Introduction

Section 2: More Common Types of CD Drives and Disks

2.1. Types of Recordable CD Disks

2.1.1. Write-Only Disks

2.1.2. Re-Writable CD Disks

2.2. Compact Disk and DVD Capacities

2.3. Types of CD Drives

2.3.1. CD-ROM

2.3.2. CD-R

2.3.3. CD-RW

2.4. CD Labels and Duel Case Inserts

2.5. CD and DVD Cleaning

Section 3: Installing an Internal CD Drive

3.1. Hardware components

3.2. CD Drive Description

3.3. Installation Procedure

Section 4: Basic Compact Disk Music Playing Directly from the CD
Drive

4.1. Features of the front Panel of a CD Drive

4.2. Enabling the AutoPlay Feature of Windows

4.3. Windows Music CD AutoPlay

4.4. Changing CD Playback Volume and Quality

Section 5: Sound Cards and Windows Volume Control

5.1. Types of Sound Cards

5.2. Putting Your Screenreader to Sleep 

5.3. Enabling a Multi-Channel Sound Card

5.4. The Windows Volume Control

5.5. Example of Changing a Sound Property--The Microphone
Settings

Section 6: Nero IN-CD Compact Disk Formatter Version 3.31

6.1. What Does INCD Do?

6.2. Installing INCD

6.3. System Requirements

6.4. launching INCD

6.5. Version Information

6.6. INCD Property Sheets

6.7. CD Formatting with INCD

6.8. Uses for INCD Formatted Disks

6.9. How to copy Data to a formatted Compact Disk

6.10. How to Erase Data on a formatted CD

6.11. How to Erase Both Data and Formatting on a CD

6.12. INCD Updates and Supported CD-RW Drives

Section 7: Nero Burning-ROM Versions 4, 5 and 5.5

7.1. Installing Nero and System Requirements

7.1.1. System Requirements

7.1.2. Installing Nero

7.2. Launching Nero

7.3. The Nero Browser and Compilation Window and Customisation 

7.3.1. The Default Look of Nero

7.3.2. Customising Nero for Visually Impaired Users

7.4. Two Methods of Creating a Data CD or DVD from Files on Your
Hard Disk Drive with the Nero Wizard

7.4.1. Burning Data Files via the Context Menu

7.4.2. Burning Data Files via the File Browser 

7.5. Saving a Compilation

7.6. Opening a Saved Compilation Template

7.7. Extracting Audio Tracks to WAV Format Before Creating an
Audio CD

7.7.1. Extracting with Nero 4X and 5.0

7.7.2. Extracting with Nero 5.50 and Later Versions

7.8. Creating an Audio Music CD or DVD from Your CD-ROM Drive
with the Nero Wizard

7.8.1. Selecting and Ordering Tracks Whilst in the Audio
Compilation

7.8.2. Selecting Tracks Prior to Launching Nero 

7.9. Viewing Tracks Information on a CD or Compilation
Information on an existing Compilation Template

7.10. Creating an Audio or Data CD When You Only Have One CD
Drive (Image Burning)

7.11. Cloning a Whole Audio, Video, Data or Mixed Mode CD with
the Nero Wizard

7.12. Burning Data or Audio Tracks Manually

7.13. Creating a Folder on CD to Burn Files Into

7.14. Converting and Burning MP3 Files to HI-FI Audio Files

7.15. Audio Track Filtering and Property Details

7.16. How to Add More Data to a Partly Used Data CD

7.17. Cloning or Copying One CD to Another

7.18. Burning/Cloning CDs on the Fly

7.19. Burning/Cloning CDs Via the Hard Disk

7.20. Burning Video Files with Nero

7.21. Erasing the Contents of a Re-Writable CD

7.22. Making Whole Hard Disk or Partition Back-Ups with Nero

7.23. Restoring Hard Disk Back-Ups

7.24. Viewing and Entering Album and Tracks Details from Your
Local Hard Disk Database (CDDB)

7.24.1. Creating Your Own CDDB Database

7.24.2. Configuring the Program Database

7.25. Manually Entering and Viewing Text of CD Tracks and Artists
Details

7.26. Viewing Sessions and Files with the Nero Multimounter

7.27. What to do if Your CD-RW Drive is Not Automatically
Recognised by Nero

7.28. Nero Preferences

7.29. An Alternative Method of Selecting Files or Whole Folders
for Burning with Windows Explorer

7.30. Creating a CD from a .ISO File

7.31. The Nero Help System

7.32. Nero Features Not Covered in this Manual

7.33. Nero Burning-ROM Shortcut Keys

Section 8: Nero Media Player Version 1.103

8.1. Introduction

8.2. System Requirements

8.3. Installation

8.4. Launching Nero Media Player

8.5. File Types Media Player Can Play

8.6. The Nero Media Player Menu System

8.7. Playing Single and Multiple Audio Files

8.8. Playing MP3 Tracks from the Internet

8.9. Playing Streaming Audio from the Internet

8.10. Making Personal Tone Changes in the Media Player Graphic
Equalizer

8.11. Media Player Preferences

8.12. The Media Player Context Menu

8.13. Sending an MP3 File as an E-Mail Attachment

8.14. Media Player Shortcut Keys

Appendix 1: Ahead Support for Nero
Appendix 2: List of Nero Shortcut Keystrokes
Appendix 3: Other tutorials by this Author

                           ********

                           FOREWORD AND RESTRICTIONS

I have written this manual and tutorial for the use of blind and
otherwise visually impaired computer users and/or their trainers.
It is free of charge and only available from its author's Website
and from no other distributer.

No individual or organisation is permitted to sell copies of this
tutorial either as a stand-alone tutorial or as an integral part
of any other literary, software or training package. 

                           ********

                   AVAILABLE MANUAL FORMATS

The manual is only available in ASCII text format, as a free
download from the author's Website at:

http://web.onetel.com/~fromthekeyboard

This tutorial and guide has been created with a minimum of
formatting, in plain text, so that any word-processor or text
editor can read it. In this format it should also be suitable for
any one to run it through an embosser but, with some embossing
software, you may still wish to make some line spacing and
heading format changes to suit yourself and your software. A
simple construction such as this should also make reading by
arrowing up and down in your word-processor less labour intensive
than would be the case with columns, shorter lines, and the like.

Colloquialisms, such as don't, haven't, doesn't, etc, have been
avoided in this guide in order to make it easier to follow and
understand via a speech package. Hopefully, any loss of
conversationality and warmth will be compensated for by increased
clarity. 

                           ********

                         TARGET GROUP


Visually impaired computer users are the target group for this
tutorial. Keyboard access methods and descriptions, using
screenreaders and no mouse or monitor, are the basis of this
work. The guide assumes a basic understanding of the Windows
operating system and Windows concepts.
  
                           ********

                          CONVENTIONS

In the writing of this manual, terms have the following meanings:

ALT F, A     Means hold down the left ALT key and whilst still
holding it down press the letter f, then release both and press
the letter A.

CONTROL S     Means hold down the control key and whilst keeping
it held down press the letter S and then release both.

SHIFT END     Means hold down the SHIFT key and whilst keeping
it held down press the END key.

ALT E, C, and press ENTER     Means hold down the left ALT key
and whilst keeping it held down press the letter E key, then
release both and then press the letter C key followed by the
enter key.

When a key combination such as ALT R (for CD-Recorder), S (for
Save Track)
is suggested to go into the "CD-Recorder" menu and run the "Save
Track"  menu option, the user may follow this method of operation
or may prefer to ARROW up and down a menu and press ENTER.  In
this latter case, the keystrokes would be: press the ALT key,
right ARROW to the "CD-Recorder" menu heading, then ARROW down
(or up) until the "Save Track" line is spoken, then press ENTER.

********

Suggested Approaches for Effective Learning with this Tutorial

It is, of course, entirely up to the individual as to how they
glean information and work through this tutorial, but a few
suggestions might assist the learner who is relatively new to
computers. I would propose that you read through the whole of a
section before attempting to practise it to obtain an overview
of what is being done. 

There are a number of approaches which might be taken to make
reading the tutorial as a text file and simultaneously carrying
out the instructions more fluid and easier to follow. Try one of
the below methods. 

Ideally, if you have two computers, you can load the tutorial
into your text editor or word-processor on one PC and have the
software program running on the other. You can then listen to the
directions on one computer whilst practising them on the other.

Alternatively, as is likely to be the case, if you only have the
one computer, you could launch your word-processor and load the
tutorial into it for reading. You could then launch the program
you wish to learn how to use in order to practise the lessons.
You would have to keep cycling between each running program by
pressing ALT TAB in this case.

Yet another approach might be to take a tape recorder or
dictaphone and get your screenreader to read the contents of a
given section or sub-section onto the tape. You could then play
the tape back and follow the instructions through on your PC
without having to keep moving from one running program to
another.

Other options would be for you to print out a copy of the
tutorial in large print if you can use this and work from this
hard copy, or you could get your local library or resource centre
to produce a Braille version for you to work from if you have one
in your area and you are a Braillist.

                           ********

                          >SECTION 1

                         INTRODUCTION

This tutorial concentrates on the use of Nero Burning-ROM
Versions 4, 5 and 5.5 to create your own data and audio CDs. It
also covers facilities such as burning hard disk back-ups and
converting MP3 files to WAV or CDA files with Nero. There is also
coverage of Nero's IN-CD re-writable CD formatting program and
the Nero Media Player. Additionally, some general sections have
been provided, including a look at the Windows Volume Control and
how to install an internal CD-RW disk drive. The burning of DVDs
and DD CDs is mentioned and briefly covered within a couple of
sections, Although DD CD and DVD burning only came into Nero from
later Versions of Nero 5.5X and I do not own a DVD burning drive
to test this, but I have done a little experimentation on a
friend's computer with a DVD-RW and I can confirm that the steps
in burning DVDs are almost identical to burning CDs. Nero is a
fast-moving program and there is rarely a month which goes by
without something having been added to the program or something
having undergone a small change, so it is impossible to keep up
with all of these changes. This tutorial, nonetheless, will
provide the essentials to allow the competent use of Nero 4, 5
and 5.5X versions.

Yet later versions of Nero 5.5X come with a front-end utility
called Nero Express. This makes the program easier to use from
a sighted point of view but presents problems for screenreader
users. I recommend that you ignore Nero Express (unless the Nero
makers make its interface more friendly in future versions) and
simply do things via the standard Nero Burning-ROM program. This
is as of June 2003.

This tutorial is written from the viewpoint of a screenreader
user via speech or Braille display from the keyboard. No monitor
or physical mouse have been employed.

You can buy Nero Burning-ROM, together with INCD and Nero Media
Player plus several extra utilities which do not come with the
version bundled with CD-RWs from:

www.nero.com

but I am not sure if you will save any money by buying a
downloaded copy. Alternatively, you can purchase it from branches
of PC World and Dixons for around œ45.

Since I first wrote this tutorial in July 2001, Nero Version 5.5
has been released. This contains a few additional features and
also changes some of the dialogue boxes which are presented when
using Nero. However, the main features and procedures remain
basically the same, and this tutorial should still be helpful to
learners of Nero 5.5. In general, whilst a few of the features
of Nero still remain unaccessible via the keyboard, such as Mixed
Mode CDs and the new (in Nero 5.5) Cd Extra CDs), the main
elements of Nero are still usable and several of them are
easier/clearer to use. I have made some brief comments and notes
at several points in the manual to give a little guidance for
Nero 5.5 users, although there has been no attempt to rewrite the
whole tutorial for Nero 5.5 users exclusively.

If you have a copy of Nero 5.0, either purchased from a vendor
directly or obtained with your CD-RW drive, you are entitled to
a free download of Nero 5.5. You can download this from:

www.nero.com

and just install it as normal. It will recognise your current
version and remove it, if desired. However, before upgrading to
Nero 5.5, I would recommend that you learn the basics of how to
use your old Nero 4 or 5 software, so that, when you come to use
Nero 5.5, you are already accustomed to how Nero performs. The
new style dialogue boxes which sometimes appear and additional
options will then be somewhat self-explanatory. 

Lastly, for those with a curiosity to know, I believe that the
name of the software, Nero Burning-ROM, is a play on words or
type of parody. It hails from the famous historical emperor of
Rome who was said to have played his fiddle whilst Rome burnt:
hence Nero Burning-ROM. 

                           ********

                          >SECTION 2

           MORE COMMON TYPES OF CD DRIVES AND DISKS

2.1. Types of Recordable CD Disks

There are two main modern kinds of recordable blank CD disks:

2.1.1. Write-Only Disks

Write-only disks, once written to and closed or finalised, cannot
be used again. However, if you do not close a disk after half
filling it, you can normally write more to the end of where you
last copied MP3 or data files but you will not be able to play
an audio disk until you close it. 

An Audio (HI-FI music) disk falls into the write-only category.
It is a disk capable of holding digital audio tracks recorded in
CDDA format (compact disk digital audio). Such audio files have
a .CDA extension. These audio CDs are usually 74 or 80 minutes
long and can hold up to 99 separate tracks--but the tracks would
have to be very short to get this many on in the 74 or 80
minutes! 

2.1.2. Re-Writable CD Disks

A re-writable disk, as its name implies, can be used over and
over again in the same way that a hard disk or floppy disk can
be re-used. You can either write music files straight to the disk
with a program such as Nero Burning-ROM or you can configure
(format) the disk and use it like a hard or floppy disk by
creating folders or directories and sub-folders and sub-
directories, for instance, with Nero INCD or Adaptec Direct CD
software. 

2.2. Compact Disk and DVD Capacities

Typically a write-only or re-writable CD disk will hold around
650 Mb of music or data files. From a music point of view this
means that it can hold 74 minutes of regular audio, HI-FI style
music tracks. Some CDs, if your copying software and/or Cd drive
will support this, can hold 80 minutes of traditional music or
700 Mb of data. Very recently 90 minute CDs have come into being
but, again, your software and CD-RW drive will have to support
this new standard. 

On the other hand, if you wish to format a re-writable disk, in
order to create folders and use it in the same way as you might
use a floppy diskette, then the resultant disk space is reduced,
because the formatting itself takes up some of the disk's
capacity. After formatting a 650 Mb re-writable CD, you will be
left with around 534 Mb of disk space to copy files to. 

Note: Since I first wrote this tutorial, DVD (digital versatile
disk) has been developed and DVD burners are now available for
prices which do not entale mortgaging your house. The disks for
these burners typically hold 4.7 Gb of data and some disks are
double sided and so can hold nearly twice this amount.

2.3. Types of CD Drives

There are three main standards for modern CD drives:

2.3.1. CD-ROM

A CD-ROM drive (compact disk read-only memory) is only able to
play sound files and allow you to remove programs and other data
from it. It cannot itself record onto blank CD disks. This is the
traditional CD drive which has been supplied with most computers
for a few years now. The CD-ROM is the type of drive which you
would install your Windows programs and other software from. You
can play traditional HI-FI music CDs from a CD-ROM, as well as
speech or music compressed MP3 files. 

The first CD-ROM drives were very slow at reading data from a cd
disk but modern ones are much faster. Modern CD-ROMs can read a
CD at 40 or 50 times faster than the first drives. Today's CD-ROM
drives run at typical speeds of 48 or 56 speed but it is true to
say that the increase in speed is not exactly proportionate to
the number a drive carries, as there are diminishing performance
returns the faster a CD drive is rated. You must also be aware
that, when using a CD-ROM drive to burn (copy) audio tracks from
such as a music CD to a second CD drive (a CD-RW drive), the
copying speed is likely to be much slower than the 40X or 50X
speed which can be obtained when copying plain data files. Some
CD-ROMs can only achieve a speed of 2X or 3X when copying audio
tracks by this drive to drive method. 

2.3.2. CD-R

CD-R (compact disk recordable) drives have now mainly been
replaced by CD-RW drives. A CD-R can read files as with a CD-ROM
but, in addition, it can write (copy) music and other audio media
and data to a blank disk, such as copying HI-FI music or MP3
files. However, it cannot re-write to a re-writable CD disk in
the way that a CD-RW can. 

2.3.3. CD-RW

A CD-RW drive (compact disk re-writable) is a drive which can
read, write and re-write to a compact disk. This means that, in
addition to being able to perform what the above two drives can
achieve, you can insert re-writable disks into this type of drive
and use them over and over again. For example, you can format a
CD disk in a similar way to formatting a floppy disk and copy
files to it, make folders/directories on it, etc, and then delete
these later and re-write other files or folders to the same disk
to over-write the space which the first files occupied. 

CD-RWs typically quote specifications such as 12X8X32 speed.
These figures mean that the drive is able to read the information
on a disk at 32 speed, write data to a blank write-only disk at
12 speed and write data to a re-writable disk at 8 speed. 

2.4. CD Labels and Duel Case Inserts

A CD label is the small round sticker which you would stick to
the centre of the back of a CD with the CDs title, artist's name,
etc, on it. A duel case insert is the double-sided information
insert which you read through the see-through plastic case, with
such as CD title, artist's name, individual track titles,
artist's picture, etc, on it.

You can create and print out such labels and inserts on plain or
coloured A4 paper and then cut them out with scissors or you can
purchase specially printed and die-cut labels and inserts which
do not require cutting with scissors from shops such as PC World,
Staples, etc. Most CD burning programs like Nero Burning-ROM and
Easy Cd Creator provide software to permit the creation of these
labels and inserts but not all of them are very accessible.

You can also buy all-purpose packages from PC World and no doubt
other computer suppliers which contain the die-cut labels and
inserts plus a round spindle or template to use to ensure that
you get your label onto the back of the CD in the correct centred
position. You place the label onto the spindle in its centre,
adhesive side up, and then lower the CD down onto the spindle to
pick up the label.

There is also a Website where you can go to create or download
CD labels and to produce paper inserts from A4 paper. Its URL is:

www.papercdcase.com   

2.5. CD and DVD Cleaning

Remember, you can purchase special CD and DVD cleaning fluid from
many outlets. If you cannot get hold of any of this or prefer to
keep your cash in your pocket you should try the following.

Always follow the specific cleaning and general maintenance
instructions which come with a particular make of CD or DVD. In
the absence of any instructions, the below-described means of
cleaning CDs and DVDs when they are not performing correctly
should work fine.

1. Take a very soft, clean cloth and wet it with warm clean
water.

2. Wipe the CD or DVD from the centre outwards. Do not clean in
a circular motion, as this could damage the tracks.

3. If a disk is very dirty or sticky, you might also use a little
mild toilet soap on the cloth as well and then thoroughly remove
this from the disk with clean water. 

                           ********

                          >SECTION 3

                INSTALLING An Internal CD DRIVE

As a visually impaired person the idea of opening up your
computer and installing a Cd drive may not appeal to you. Others
may have sighted friends to help them in this and may relish the
challenge. This section will help you install a new CD-ROM, CD-R
or CD-RW or at least give you an insight into what has to be done
and the components involved.

Alternatively, you may wish to take the easy way out, albeit a
little more expensive, and purchase an external CD-RW instead of
an internal one. External drives simply plug into a port on the
back of the computer, if you have a spare one. If not, you may
have to purchase a port splitter or fit another serial port to
the PC.  

Please note, however, that opening your own PC and installing new
components may invalidate your hardware warranty, if it is still
running. You should therefore check the warranty clauses to
ensure that you do not invalidate this, unless, of course, you
are confident of what you are doing and not too concerned about
the possible ramifications of doing your own upgrade work.

3.1. Hardware Components

The three types of CD drives all have the same essential
components. These are:

* The disk drive box itself.

* Four securing screws.

* A thin audio cable.

* A wide IDE cable about 30 or 40 cm long.

3.2. CD Drive Description

For a description of the front of a CD drive, see Section 4
below. For the present, a description of the back of the CD drive
box is all that is required. If you hold the CD drive in front
of you, with the back facing you, the right way up, the following
plugs and switches can be observed:

1. At the very left side there is usually a small square or
oblong hole, which can be ignored.

2. Moving right by a centimetre or so, will bring you to the
plughole for the audio cable plug. 

3. Now move a further centimetre or two to the right and you will
encounter a small oblong cavity which holds a "jumper". A jumper
is a small squarish, thin piece of plastic which has a thin vain
of metal running through it and can therefore conduct an
electrical signal. It slides between two small pins in this
jumper bay, which grip it fairly tightly. Normally, a jumper will
be factory set to the "slave" (SL) position, which is in the
middle of the jumper bay. If the jumper is pulled out with the
finger nails or a pair of tweezers, it can be reinserted a
millimetre or two to the left to place it in the "master" (MAR)
position. There is also a third jumper pin position to the right
of the middle slave position but this does not affect this type
of installation. 

4. Another centimetre or so to the right of the jumper cavity is
the biggest socket at the back of the CD drive box, which is a
40-pin IDE plug socket. It is about 5 centimetres long and quite
thin. 

5. Just to the right of the IDE socket you will find the last
component at the back of the drive. This is the power supply plug
socket. 

3.3. Installation Procedure

1. With the computer switched off, remove the PC cover, after
detaching the cables at the back.  

2. To remove any static from your body, earth yourself by
touching the box metal of the PC frame.

3. Remove one of the plastic covers at the front of the computer
to reveal a spare drive bay. There may also be a metal plate-like
tag behind this to pull off as well.

4. Slide the CD drive box into the slot at the front of the PC
where you just moved the plastic facing cover from and use the
four securing screws to hold it in place. They insert through the
metal housings provided in the interior of the Pc case. You may
not wish to fully tighten them up immediately, as you may have
to slide the drive backwards and forwards a time or two whilst
completing some of the below steps. Afterwards make sure that the
drive box is flush with the front of the PC and the screws are
tightened up. 

5.A. If you do not already have a CD-ROM in your PC, you can
connect your new CD-RW onto the same IDE cable that your hard
disk is connected to. The IDE cable will have two identical plugs
near its end. This means that you do not have to use the extra
supplied IDE cable which came with your drive. Genteelly insert
the second IDE cable plug into the IDE Socket at the back of the
CD drive. It will only normally go in one way. This means of
connecting the CD drive to your motherboard is the "slave"
method, which means that the jumper should be in the slave
position. This is likely to be the way it is set up when you
receive the drive. 

5.B. Alternatively, if you already have a CD-ROM in your computer
and are fitting your new CD-RW as a second CD drive, you will
have to use the new cable which came with the drive. Insert one
of the two plugs at the end of the IDE ribbon cable into the IDE
socket at the back of the drive and plug the other end onto the
IDE pins on your motherboard. Most motherboards have two IDE
sockets which are normally located very close together and
parallel to one another. Just follow your hard disk IDE cable to
where it is plugged into the motherboard and the second IDE plug
connector should be next to that one. In this configuration, you
will need to move the jumper from the slave position to the left
and reinsert it in the master position. 

Note: A PC normally only has two IDE sockets on its motherboard
(a primary and secondary connector) and each can only take two
drives. This means that, if all four connectors are already in
use, you will have to purchase a SCSI card to connect your new
CD-RW drive to. 

Warning: Do not place your CD-R and CD-RW drives on the same
single IDE cable, as this may cause your burning software to
generate error messages when you try to fast copy on the fly
directly from your CD-R drive to your CD-RW drive.

6. Take the thin audio cable and plug it into the audio cable
socket on the back of the CD drive box, which is almost at the
very left. The other end of the audio cable should be plugged
into the sound card, if your sound card is separate from the
motherboard and is the PCI type, or plug it onto the pins on the
motherboard if it is the sort of card which comes as an integral
part of the motherboard itself. If the latter, you may need
sighted assistance to find these motherboard pins amongst all of
the other cables and bric-a-brac as they are only small.  

7. You should now take one of the free power cables which sprout
out of the side or bottom of your computer power supply at the
back of the PC and plug it into the power in socket at the very
right of the CD drive box. It should only go in one way round but
if you find that it can be inserted both ways, then do not switch
the computer on before getting sighted help to tell you which is
the correct way to plug this in. Switching your computer on with
this plugged in the wrong way is likely to damage the drive. 

8. This is the end of the installation, so replace the computer
cover, plug everything into the back, screw everything up and
turn the PC on. If there is no blue flash or loud bang, chances
are that you've done it correctly!

9. The plug-and-play facility of Windows 9X should find your new
CD-RW and recognise the new CD drive automatically. It should be
working OK at this stage.

10. If you also like your CD drives to be accessible from DOS,
you should install a suitable generic or specific CD drive driver
which permits access via the command line. It is likely that your
new CD-RW came supplied with one of these on a standard floppy
disk. Just insert the floppy and type "A:\install" and press
ENTER to install it. If this does not work, consult the readme
or other file which should be provided on the disk for
instructions.

Note: You are now ready to commence testing your internal or
external CD-RW. You should have received at least two
complimentary CD disks with your Cd drive purchase. Typically,
one of these will be a standard disk which you can write to only
once but the other should be a re-writable disk which you can use
to practise on without wasting several standard disks.

                           ********

                          >SECTION 4

               BASIC COMPACT DISK MUSIC PLAYING
                  DIRECTLY FROM THE CD DRIVE

4.1. Features of the Front Panel of a CD Drive

Typically, your CD-ROM or CD-RW drive front panel is likely to
be the same as or similar to this description. Usually the panel
has one or two lights to show that it is powered up and working.
Obviously, it also has a drawer which ejects to permit the
insertion of a CD disk in the same way you would insert a music
CD into your HI-FI CD player. On the left side of the panel you
are likely to find a mini jack stereo plug socket where you can
plug in headphones. Next to this will be housed a small wheel for
increasing or decreasing the volume of the headphones only. On
the right of the CD drive there is likely to be two press
buttons, the right of which is the CD drawer close/eject button
and the one just to its left is the skip/recommence play button
for skipping from the current music track to the next one. Just
above the close/eject button there is generally an emergency
eject hole, which should only be used if the automatic eject
button fails. You activate this by inserting something like the
end of a straightened-out paperclip into the whole until the disk
drawer pops out a little, then you genteelly pull it out the
whole way by hand.

4.2. Enabling the AutoPlay feature of Windows

The AutoPlay feature is what makes your audio music CDs commence
playing as soon as you insert one into the CD drive and shut it.
If you do not want AutoPlay to start up immediately, you should
hold down the left SHIFT key and then shut the CD drive drawer
and keep the SHIFT key down for several seconds before releasing
it. AutoPlay for CDs should already be enabled by default but,
if it is not, you can turn it on by:

1. Press Windows Logo key followed by S (for Settings), then
press C (for Control Panel) and lastly press S several times
until you get to System, then press ENTER.

2. You will land in the "General" property sheet, so press
CONTROL TAB to get to "Device Manager" and then ARROW down or
press C until you reach "CD-ROM". You then open this folder by
pressing right ARROW. ARROWing down will now reveal your single
or several CD drives by manufacturer names. With the focus on the
one you wish to enable AutoPlay on you should TAB to "Properties"
and press ENTER.

3. From Properties you should CONTROL TAB to the "Settings"
property sheet and then press TAB until you reach "Auto Insert
Notification" and if this is not already checked, press the
SPACEBAR to check and therefore enable it. 

4. After this TAB to "OK" and press ENTER and do the same on the
next dialogue, followed by pressing ALT F4 to exit the Control
Panel.

4.3. Windows Music CD AutoPlay

1. As stated above, when AutoPlay is enabled, all you need do to
hear a standard HI-FI music CD is insert it into the CD drive
drawer and press the close/eject button. It should start playing
automatically within a few seconds without you doing anything
else. If it does not start playing, just press the
skip/recommence play button. The disk will play until the last
track has been played and then stop.

2. Whilst playing, if you wish to skip to the next track, just
press the skip button. Repeated presses will move you further
into the CD track by track.

3. If you wish to pause the playing of a track, you can press the
close/eject button once. To recommence the playing of the track,
press the skip button once.

4. To eject the CD, press the close/eject button twice.

4.4. Changing C D Playback Volume and Quality

1. Whilst a CD is playing you can alter the music volume in
several ways:

A. If using headphones, adjust the volume wheel to the right of
the headphone jack socket.

B. If listening to speakers, either use the volume knob on the
speakers; or

C. If the speakers do not have a volume knob or the volume knob
does not increase the volume sufficiently,  you may be able to
increase the playback volume in a more permanent way via the
Windows Volume Control. You can go straight to this from within
the menus of some music playing programs, or through the System
Tray or by navigating to it via: 

C:\Program Files\Accessories\Multimedia\Volume control

in Windows 95, or

C:\Program Files\Accessories\Entertainment\Volume Control

in Windows 98.

(See Section 6 below to discover how to use the Volume Control).

2. You can also make adjustments in volume and quality of music
output from the Multimedia section of the Control Panel. Do this
by:

A. Press Windows Logo key followed by S (for Settings) and then
C (for control Panel).

B. Then press M several times until Multimedia is selected, then
press ENTER to open it.

C. You will fall on the "Audio" property sheet. TAB down this and
make your desired changes to the "playback volume" and Recording
Volume" with the ARROW up and down and PAGE up and down keys.

D. Then TAB to "Preferred Quality" and ARROW through the choices.
You should set this to CD quality for best quality playback
results.

E. Press ENTER on "Apply" and then press CONTROL TAB to look at
the other three property sheets in this multi-sheet dialogue box.
They include "Video", "MIDI", "CD Music" and "Advanced". Make any
changes you think would suit your particular needs and set-up.
For instance, if you can make use of large scale pictures/print
on a monitor, you might wish to ARROW to the "Double Original
Size" option in the "Video" sheet and therefore select this. In
the "Advanced" sheet you have a tree of multimedia audio, video,
mixer devices, etc, which you can change, select, view the
properties of or remove, as you like, but you are likely to have
to go into navigation or mouse mode to be able to use your right
mouse key to open and thus view or change any of a particular
device driver's properties.

F. You should ensure that, in the "CD Music" sheet, "Headphones"
is set to 100 per cent by pressing PAGE down to achieve this. 

G. Then TAB to "OK" and press ENTER to finish.  

                           ********

                          >SECTION 5

            SOUND CARDS AND WINDOWS VOLUME CONTROL

5.1. Types of Sound Cards

For best results, you will need a good quality sound card. The
more up-to-date Creative Labs Sound Blaster cards should meet
this requirement, such as the Sound Blaster 128 or 1024 Live
(preferably the latter as it is multi-channel whereas the former
is not). Another range of good multi-channel sound cards is made
by Roland and there is also the Turtle Beach Montigo card. 

You can listen to music and voice recordings with more basic 16-
bit sound cards but the quality may be substandard. 

You can also make music and voice recordings with basic 16-bit
sound cards but, again, the quality of the recording may be
affected, for instance, you may get more background hiss and you
may find that the volume of the recording, even with the Volume
Control levels on full, is well below that obtained with a better
quality card. Using the option to increase the volume of a
recording after it has been made, which some recording programs
provide, may succeed in bringing the volume of a recording up but
you may also experience a proportionate increase in background
noise, crackle and hiss. This type of substandard audio input
recording result is often found with the on-the-motherboard
varieties of 16-bit sound cards, so you may have to upgrade these
to Sound Blaster Live or equivalent standards.

Just because your software synthesiser works well and is plenty
loud enough through a basic sound card does not mean that music
or voice recordings will be as loud or clear.

Note: Some sound cards may not allow a software synthesiser and
music or speech from such as an MP3 file to work together. This
may be because your sound card is single-channel, not the
recommended multi-channel type. In this case, you would have to
unload your screenreader before the music or other sound file can
play, e.g. with HAL do this with CONTROL SPACEBAR, then ALT
SPACEBAR followed by Q and then ENTER; with JAWS use INSERT F4
and then press ENTER; and with Window-Eyes use CONTROL \, then
ALT F4 and ENTER; after first placing focus on the link you wish
to play, then press ENTER to hear the audio content.
Alternatively, if your screenreader has a "sleep" mode, you may
find that using this has the desired result (see "Putting your
Screenreader to Sleep" in Section 6 below).

5.2. Putting Your Screenreader to Sleep 

You may wish to silence your screenreader by permanently putting
it to "sleep" whenever a particular program is launched rather
than unloading it if it prevents you from getting the required
sound card throughput or if the screenreader speech chatters at
the same time as you are trying to listen to other audio output.
This may especially be annoying if you are trying to record
speech onto disk via your microphone in programs such as Windows
Sound Recorder and Sound Forge. You should consult your
screenreader manual to find out how to do this. However, I have
provided below an example of how this is done with the JFW
screenreader:

1. Launch your audio program, e.g. RealPlayer, and then press
INSERT F2 to load the JAWS Manager.

2. From the list provided, press ENTER on "Configuration
Manager", which will open the RealPlayer configuration file.

3. Press ALT S (for Set Options" and ARROW up to "Advanced
Options" and press ENTER.

4. In the Advanced Options dialogue you will immediately be on
"Sleep Mode Enable". You should press the SPACEBAR to enable this
and therefore reduce the chance of JFW speaking and interrupting
the flow of streaming audio.

5. TAB to "OK" and press ENTER twice, followed by CONTROL S to
save the change and then ALT F4 to leave the manager. You will
have to unload and then reload JFW to have the changes
recognised.

6. If you wish to return to how things were before, you should,
without Realplayer running, open and edit the realplay.jcf file
in a plain text editor such as Notepad (not in a word-processor
unless you then know how to save the result as a text file) and
change the line which reads "sleepmode=1" to "sleepmode=0", save
the file and then unload and reload JFW. The realplay.jcf file
is found in the folder:

c:\jaws37\settings\enu\realplay.jcf  

Note: Putting JAWS into sleep mode will, of course, drastically
reduce the amount of screenreader feedback which you get whilst
using such programs and you will have to be able to remember the
keystrokes to make things work, so some users may not be happy
with this and may rather leave their screenreader as it is and
just unload it at times when it conflicts with other sound files.

Warning: Do not mess with these settings if you are likely to be
unable to reverse the above procedure or if you are not
comfortable with reinstalling your screenreader should you get
into trouble.

5.3. Enabling a Multi-Channel Sound Card

Somewhat in contrast to what we have just done above, but just
as essential for general PC use, a multi-channel sound card may
need to be enabled before it will work properly. With JFW, to
ensure that a multi-channel sound card works properly, allowing
your synthesiser and other sounds to be heard simultaneously when
this is desirable, rather than operating as a single-channel
card:

1. With no program running, press INSERT F2 again and hit ENTER
on "Configuration Manager".

2. Press CONTROL SHIFT D to open the "default.jcf" file.

3. Press ALT S (for Set Options) and then S (for Synthesiser
Options). 

4. TAB to "Allow Wave Files with Software Synthesisers" and if
it is not already selected, press SPACEBAR to check it on.

5. Tab to "OK" and press ENTER. 

6. To save this change and leave the manager, Press CONTROL s,
then ENTER followed by ALT F4. Now unload and then reload JFW to
have the saved changes recognised.
  
Note: Obviously, this type of enabling will not be necessary if
your sound card already works satisfactorily with both your
synthesiser and other sound files. 

5.4. The Windows Volume Control

You can enter the Volume Control by going to the Windows System
Tray (if your screenreader is able to take you there, e.g. INSERT
F11 with JAWS, INSERT S with WE or SHIFT Numpad SLASH with HAL
5) or by:

 pressing Windows Logo key, P (for Program Files, A (for
Accessories), M (for Multimedia) and then V (for Volume Control)

 in Windows 95; or

Pressing Windows Logo key, P (for Program Files), A (for
Accessories), E (for Entertainment) and then V (for Volume
Control) 

in Windows 98 and ME.

When in the Volume Control you can change the various levels of
volume, the balance between left and right channels and mute a
particular type of sound if you do not want it coming through.
You can do this for various types of input and output media, such
as the volume of sound out of your speakers, the volume of
ringing tone you hear when your MODEM dials, the volume of your
line in and microphone sockets at the back of your computer where
the sound card interfaces with the outside world, etc.  

When you first enter the Volume Control, you can TAB through
several balance and volume adjusters. The most important for
output and input of audio data are "CD Audio Volume" which,
depending on the quality of your sound card, you may need on
between 70 and 100 per cent. The "Volume" option may also need
adjusting, depending on your sound card and how loud you want
output volume as against input volume, e.g. if you are using a
headset with its own microphone, you may wish to have the
"Playback" setting lower for your ears and the "Microphone"
setting louder for any voice recording you are doing.

5.5. Example of Changing a Sound Property--The Microphone
settings

To change the microphone settings you would:

1. Launch the Volume Control as above.

2. Press the ALT key to open the "Options" menu. Then ARROW down
to "Properties" and press ENTER.

3. You will land on the line which tells you the type of sound
card which is in your PC.

4. Press TAB once to "Adjust Volume For" and the first option
will be "Playback". ARROW down once to "Recording" and then TAB
once to a list of recording options.

5. ARROW down this list to "Microphone", ensure that it is
checked (pressing SPACEBAR will do this if it is not already
checked) and then TAB to "OK" and press ENTER.

6. You will now have entered the Microphone adjustment controls
where you can make alterations to the input volume for your
microphone input to the jack on the sound card at the back of the
computer. TAB forward to "Microphone Volume" and view its volume
level, increasing or decreasing this as suits your PC set-up and
sound card sensitivity. Use the PAGE up or down and ARROW up or
down keys to increase or decrease this. 

7. Then TAB to the "Select" button and press the SPACEBAR to turn
it on if it is not already selected.

8. Sometimes you can just TAB again at this stage to the
"Advanced" button and press ENTER; otherwise, see how to get into
advance settings in 9 below. In here you can make a few further
fine advanced adjustments, such as checking on the "Mik Boost (20
Db)" box for further volume increases if these are required. Then
TAB to "Close" and press ENTER. 

9. If you did not find the "Advanced" button as described above
in 8, you can now press ALT O (for Options) again and press ENTER
on "Advanced" to enable the advanced features, which may vary
depending on the type of sound card you have. If you do not enter
the advanced features box when you do this, it is because the
advanced features are already enabled.  

10. Lastly, press ALT O and ARROW to "Exit" and press ENTER to
finish.

Note 1: Some of the features in the Volume Control can vary,
depending on the type of sound card your PC is fitted with, so
some may have, for instance, more "Advanced" features and some
may have none. The above example was done with a Sound Blaster
Live 1024 card fitted.

Note 2: You will normally use the microphone jack plug on your
sound card and the microphone settings in the Volume Control for
your mic and the line in jack plug and line in setting in the
Volume Control for inputting sound data such as from a tape
recorder, record deck, mini Cd player, etc, if you have a good
sound card. The mic input is usually much more sensitive than the
line in socket. However, if you have a poorer sound card, such
as an on-the-motherboard type, you may find the line in socket
not sensitive enough and so wish to use the mic jack socket for
both mic and tape recorder input. You will have to experiment
with sockets and various volume levels until you find out what
is best for your requirements and sound card.

                           ********

                          >SECTION 6

         NERO INCD COMPACT DISK FORMATTER VERSION 3.31

6.1. What Does INCD Do?

The Nero INCD utility is a separate program from the main Nero
Burning-ROM software. Its purpose is to permit you to format a
re-writable compact disk in a similar way as you would format a
floppy disk, in order to be able to use it like a formatted
floppy disk. Thereafter, you can then copy onto the formatted CD
with any Windows program that can write to a drive letter. You
can make folders/directories on the CD and you can delete files
and folders from Windows or virtual DOS as you would normally do
on a floppy disk or on your hard disk. The difference with a
formatted CD from a floppy is that you get almost 400 times more
space on a 74 minute CD than you would on a 1.44 Mb floppy disk,
although you do not get the full 650 Mb of space which you would
have on a 74 minute disk if you simply burnt to it with Nero
Burning-ROM. This is because the formatting itself takes up some
of the room on the CD. You should find that you have around 534
Mb of usable disk space. 

6.2. Installing INCD

INCD has to be installed separately from the main Nero Burning-
ROM program. It is found on the Nero installation disk in the
path:

d:\incd\setup.exe

so just use the Windows Run facility to install it by:

1. With the installation CD in the CD drawer, press Windows Logo
key and R.

2. Type into the editfield:

d:\incd\setup

and press ENTER, assuming, of course, that your CD-ROM is on the
D: drive.

3. The Welcome screen loads in and you are on a "Continue"
button, so press ENTER.

4. TAB to "Install INCD" and press ENTER.

5. The license agreement appears and you have to check "I Accept"
on with the SPACEBAR 2 then be able to TAB to "Next" and press
ENTER to proceed. You are likely to have to go into mouse mode
to check this "I Agree" button on and may have to do some mouse
routing to achieve this.

6.    Complete the personal details of name, company name (type
"None" if necessary) and TAB to "Next" and press ENTER.

7. After a few seconds you will be on a "Reboot" button, so press
ENTER to finish.

6.3. System Requirements

For INCD to work you will need:

1. A Pentium 90 or higher--probably a Pentium 120 or better if
using a screenreader.

2. 32 Mb of RAM.

3. 5 Mb of spare hard disk space.

4. Windows 98 or Windows 95 OSR2 or later. Version 3.3X also
works with Windows XP.

5. A supported CD-RW drive.

6.4. Launching INCD

INCD resides in your System Tray and automatically launches every
time you boot your PC and runs in the background. Therefore, as
soon as you insert a re-writable CD into the CD-RW drive, it will
detect this and bring up the INCD Wizard. This takes you through
the steps to use INCD, as outlined below in sub-section 6.7.  

The INCD program installs itself at:

c:\Program Files\Ahead\INCD\INCD.exe

and it automatically launches itself and places an icon in your
System Tray every time you boot your 
 computer. Consequently, as you cannot access all of the features
of INCD other than by the System Tray, your screenreader will
have to be able to allow you to go to and use the System Tray,
e.g. with JFW press INSERT F11 or with Window-Eyes press INSERT
TAB to be taken into the System Tray. Unfortunately, with
versions of HAL up to 4.5 the System Tray is not accessible but
if you have Version 5 you can use SHIFT Numpad SLASH.

When you have entered the System Tray and either pressed ENTER
on or right clicked on "INCD", you get three or four possible
options to press ENTER on to activate them. These are:

1. Version Information.

2. Properties.

3. Eject (sometimes does not appear).

4. Format.

Note: In most of the below descriptions of dialogue boxes and
property sheets, you can TAB through several information and
selection controls but you are likely to discover more details
if you go into navigation or mouse mode to have a look around--
you may also have to do some cursor routing to be able to move
in mouse mode.

6.5. Version Information 

By pressing ENTER on this option and then again on "About", you
are told the version of INCD you are running and several other
details pertinent to the software. 

6.6. INCD Property Sheets

When you activate the "Properties" option, you open two property
sheets. You will land on the "INCD Information" sheet and are
told what type of CD you have inserted in your CD-RW drive. Go
into mouse mode to view such other facts as type of CD in the
drive, how much space used up and still free on the CD, the total
capacity of the disk, etc. 

You can now press CONTROL TAB to move to the second property
sheet, called "INCD Page Settings". TABBING through this informs
you of the read and write speeds of your CD-RW drive and you can
check on or off (by pressing the SPACEBAR) a couple of options,
e.g. to verify or not verify the integrity of data after writing
withe the "Safe Mode (Compare After Writing Onto RW Disk)"
option. 

6.7. CD Formatting with INCD

To format a re-writable CD:

1. Place your re-writable CD in the disk bay and shut it. Then: 

A. INCD should automatically detect the presence of a re-writable
CD and launch the INCD Wizard for you. You now press ENTER on the
"Next" button.

B. If the CD is not automatically detected, go to your System
Tray and press ENTER on or right click on "INCD" and then on
"format". Now press ENTER on "Next".

2. You now fall on the "Select Drive" listbox and your CD-RW
drive will be displayed there. If you have more than one CD-RW
drive, each will be displayed if you ARROW up and down here.
Leave focus on the CD-RW drive you wish to use, if you have more
than one. Then TAB to "Next" and press ENTER.

3. The next screen advises you of the type of disk you have in
the drive (it should be a re-writable one) and if it is blank or
not. If you TAB to "Disk Information Properties", the two above-
mentioned property sheets open up for you to view more details
about the inserted CD. TAB to "Next" and press ENTER.

4. Now you enter the final stage where you have to choose the
type of format:

A. You land on an editfield where you can type a volume label (a
name for the inserted re-writable disk), which should not exceed
11 characters. It's the same type of thing as with labelling a
floppy disk. You can leave it blank if you like. 

B. Press TAB once to "Format Method", when you can ARROW up and
down two options. The first is "Format", which is a full, in-
depth format for previously unformatted CDs and may take between
10 and 30 minutes, depending on the version of INCD you are using
and your CD-RW drive. With the "format" option the program will
go through the formatting process twice. The second is called
"Quick Format", which is normally good enough for reformatting
already formatted CDs to erase all of the current data on them
and should be completed more quickly. If you choose the latter
of these formatting methods, you can then TAB again to another
control which opens up allowing you to press the SPACEBAR to turn
on sector search skipping to speed things up even more. Remember,
though, the faster you format and the less checking the program
does, the more likely it is that the formatting may not be 100
per cent perfect.

5. Lastly, TAB to "Finish" and press ENTER to start the
formatting procedure. The bottom line of the screen keeps a clock
running telling you how long the format has been under way for.

6. When the formatting has finished, you will be told that the
CD has been formatted to UDF format and can now be used like a
floppy disk, and you will have to press ENTER on an "OK" button
to close INCD. Unlike with other types of Nero burns, the CD
drawer does not automatically open after the format has finished,
so check the position in mouse mode from time to time or set your
screenreader to echo all text changes on the screen as they
occur, e.g. INSERT S with JFW. 

Note: Once a CD has been formatted with INCD, if you inserted
into the CD drawer, INCD will automatically detect it and bring
up a screen advising you that the CD you just inserted is an INCD
disk, together with some details about it. You just press ENTER
on the "ok" button to close this message box.

6.8. Uses for INCD Formatted Disks

Large capacity formatted CDs can be used for:

* Archiving large numbers of data files in many
directories/folders, thus removing the need for hundreds of
floppy disks.

* Acting as a place to back-up parts of your computer's hard
disk.

* Circulating large files around friends or work colleagues which
would not fit on floppy disks. 

6.9. How to Copy Data to a Formatted Compact Disk

You can read and write files directly to a formatted re-writable
CD with any Windows software which can read and write to a drive
letter, e.g. from Word, WordPerfect, Windows Explorer, from
virtual DOS via a window with the copy command, with any Windows
95/98/ME program which as a "Send To" command on its File Menu,
etc.

The data CD will be usable in all CD-RW drives and in any multi-
read CD-ROM drive that has the Nero INCD software on that
computer. However, it will not be accessible from pure DOS
without Windows running, only from DOS through a Windows window.

6.10. How to Erase Data on a Formatted CD

You can use the Nero "Quick Format" facility to completely delete
the folders and files on a CD (see 4 B above). Alternatively, you
can erase files and folders on a formatted CD in the same way as
you would do this on a floppy disk or hard disk, e.g with Windows
Explorer, with a delete file option on a context menu, from
Windows DOS with the DEL command, etc. 

6.11. How to erase both data and formatting on a CD

You can delete both data and formatting from a Cd with the main
Nero Burning-ROM software via the "CD-Recorder" menu:

1. Launch Nero Burning-ROM and press ESCAPE.

2. Press ALT R (for CD-Recorder) and then ARROW down to "Erase
CD Rewritable" and press ENTER.

3. TAB forward twice to a two choice listbox. You will be on
"Erase Entire CD". If you choose this you will get an in-depth
erasure of the whole CD which will take quite some time. If you
ARROW down to "Quickly Erase Entire CD", the job will be done
much quicker, although there is not a complete deleting, rather
files are renamed for over-writing.

4. TAB to "Erase" and press ENTER to commence. 

5. After the erasure you will no longer be able to write to the
CD as if it was a floppy disk but you can now use it in the same
way as any other write-only CD again--something you would not
have been able to do whilst it was formatted.

6.12. INCD Updates and Supported CD-RW Drives

For information on which CD-RW drives INCD supports, go to:

www.nero.com

or

www.ahead.de

You can also download the latest version of INCD from here, which
might support your CD-RW drive, if your current version does not.

Note: Since I first wrote this section on INCD for Version 1.7
there has been little change in INCD between that version and
this (Version 3.31) and no change in how it works. A few of the
labels have changed their names only. What tends to happen with
new versions is that they come with more and more support for
previously unsupported CD-RW drives. 

                           ********

                          >SECTION 7

            NERO BURNING-ROM VERSIONS 4, 5 AND 5.5

7.1. Installing Nero and System Requirements

7.1.1. System Requirements

For Nero to function you will need:

1. a Pentium 100 or better--probably a Pentium 133 or better if
using a screenreader.

2. 32 Mb of RAM.

3. 10 Mb of spare hard disk space.

4. Windows 98 or Windows 95 OSR2 or later.

5. A supported CD-RW drive.

7.1.2. Installing Nero

Installation may vary slightly, depending on which version you
have, but it should go something like this:

1. Insert the program CD disk into your CD-ROM or CD-RW drive,
when it should autorun. If it does not, use Windows Explorer or
the Run feature on the Start Menu to locate the setup.exe file
on the CD and press ENTER on it. It is at:

d:\nero\setup.exe

2. The install shield wizard will start the installation and you
just press ENTER on the "Next" button.

3. Complete the name editfield if your name is not automatically
placed there already and then TAB to "Company" and type this in
or just enter "None". Then TAB to "Next" and press ENTER.

4. You will be told that nero will install into the destination
directory of c:\Program Files\Ahead\Nero and you will be on the
"Typical Installation" option, so just TAB to "Next" and press
ENTER. The other options here are "Compact" and Custom".

5. The next step should show your CD-ROM and CD-RW as having been
detected, so TAB to "Next" and press ENTER.

6. Press ENTER on "Next" again to commence the copying, which may
take a minute or two. When you get the set-up is complete
message, just press ENTER to activate the "Yes" button to reboot
your PC and remove the installation CD.

7. When you first run Nero, you will get a dialogue box requiring
you to type your Nero registration number into it. The number
should be on the stickers which came with the installation disk.
So TAB to the "Serial Number" editfield and type the full number
in with the dashes. Then TAB to "OK" and press ENTER.

7.2. Launching Nero

To run Nero you may wish to place a shortcut on your Start Menu
or Desktop. Otherwise, launch it by pressing:

Windows Logo key, then P (for Program Files) and lastly N (for
Nero) until you reach it and then press ENTER.

7.3. The Nero Browser and Compilation Window and Customisation

7.3.1. The Default Look of Nero

The browser and compilation windows are where you make your
selections for which tracks or files you wish to burn (copy) to
your hard disk or directly to your CD-RW drive. The intended
method of selecting files in the Browser Window and then dragging
and dropping them in the Compilation Window has to be replaced,
from a screenreader and keyboard point of view, by a more
circuitous operation but it is still possible and has got easier
with each upgrade of Nero. You can do it with the Nero Wizard or
in standard or manual mode. What you do is outlined below.
Essentially, the browser has a Windows Explorer-type appearance
and functionality, with a left pane showing the main folder
structure of your PC and the right pane displaying the
corresponding sub-folders and files.

7.3.2. Customising Nero for Visually Impaired Users
  
1. If you wish to reduce the clutter on screen and no one uses
mouse methods of achieving things, press ALT V (for View) and
then press SPACEBAR on "Toolbar" to uncheck this.

2. There are now a range of things you can do to make the screen
less cluttered and to make your copying steps easier or obtain
clearer confirmation of success from a screenreader point of
view. However, as these are not essential to burn with Nero, you
can get started without changing things and then try some of the
configuration suggestions later by applying some or all of the
changes in "Nero Preferences" in a later section.

7.4. Two Methods of Creating a Data CD from Files on Your Hard
Disk Drive with the Nero Wizard

You can create data CDs in a variety of ways, two of which are
outlined in this section and another of which is described near
the end of Section 7 (the Windows Explorer method).

7.4.1. Burning Data Files via the Context Menu

This Context Menu method may be preferable to some
users/screenreaders but, since you cannot use this procedure to
create audio CDs, you may prefer to use the second method of
highlighting files and tracks outlined below in "Creating an
Audio Music CD or DVD from Your CD-ROM Drive with the Nero
Wizard". 

To use the Context Menu approach:

1. Place a blank CD into the CD-RW drawer and shut it. Now press
ESCAPE to be able to access the main menu bar and then ensure
that the CD Wizard is checked on in the Help Menu (ALT H and
press ENTER).

Note: From Nero 5.5 onwards, the "New Compilation" dialogue box
holds either a "Wizard" or "Close Wizard" button to quickly move
from manual to Wizard mode or vice versa.

2.A. With versions of Nero later than 5.57X, you encounter a
selection step which does not exist in earlier versions, in which
you have to select what type of burning drive you wish to burn
to, i.e. a CD drive, a DD CD drive or a DVD drive. You can ARROW
to your choice if you have all or more than one type of burner
installed in your PC; otherwise, if you only have a CD-RW, this
is all which will be shown and you can just press ENTER to move
to the next stage, as in 2.B. below. Note that the steps for
burning a DVD are the same as for burning a CD but the references
to CD in the options and selections change to references to DVD
or DD CD.

2.B. With versions of Nero before Version 5.57X, you will land
 on a two choice list where you can either opt to "Compile a New
CD" or ARROW down to "Copy a CD. Leave it on the former if you
wish to create your own unique new CD from scratch or ARROW to
the latter if you would like to simply clone (duplicate) an
existing CD in your CD-ROM drive to a blank CD in your CD-RW
drive. Then TAB on to "Next" and press ENTER.

3. You now have to choose the type of CD you would like to
produce by ARROWING up or down the three options, i.e. a "Data"
CD (containing files, programs, MP3 tracks, etc, but not
uncompressed music or video), but the "Audio" and "Mixed Mode"
are not workable with this particular procedure. Then TAB to
"Next" and press ENTER.  
4. With a data CD, you will have to choose between "Compile a New
Data CD" (for copying to a new, blank compact disk; or "Continue
an Existing Data CD" (for adding more files to an already partly
filled CD--known as a multi-session CD). You then TAB to "Next"
and press ENTER. You then press ENTER on "Finish" to complete
this stage of things. 

5. Now you are at the compilation stage, in a blank compilation
window, and you must select tracks or files for burning directly
to CD, as follows. 

6. With data copying (you cannot do this with audio tracks
copying), you will land on a "New" button and have to press TAB
once to an unlabelled button which may not be spoken at all or
may be described simply as a backslash, graphic or custom
control. When on this you have to open a context menu by pressing
SHIFT F10. You then ARROW up to "Add File" and press ENTER. You
come into a standard Windows-type open dialogue box in which you
should SHIFT TAB back twice to the place to select the drive
which the files you wish to copy are on, e.g. from your C drive,
from another CD in your CD-ROM D or E drive, etc, and press
ENTER. You can then TAB forward once and ARROW to the folder the
files are in and press ENTER. It is not always easy to highlight
non-consecutive files in the usual Windows way (although CONTROL
SPACEBAR does sometimes work) but you can highlight/select all
of the files in a particular folder by pressing CONTROL A. If
focus is left on one file only, that file will be highlighted or
if you want, say, the last five files in a folder highlighting
you can place focus on the first of these and press CONTROL SHIFT
END to select them all. If you want several, non-consecutive
files highlighting, you must TAB to the "Filename" editfield and
type in the filenames enclosed in double quotes and with a space
between each, e.g. "sales.doc" "winamp.exe". With all files
highlighted, you press shift f10 again and you will fall on a
"Select" button and you just press ENTER to have the file(s)
selected and placed in your compilation list for burning to CD.
You can, in navigation or mouse mode, view these files if you
wish but their filenames are usually truncated and mixed with
other drive and desktop information. 

Note: if, when you come to find your files to burn, you cannot
"see" them, try TABBING on to "Files of Type" and ARROWING to
"All Files (*.*)" and then go back again to find the files.

7. You now TAB on to an "Open" button and press ENTER.

8. With all files now selected and the compilation opened, you
press ALT F (for File) followed by W (for Write CD) and the Nero
Wizard will again load in for you to finish the process off.

Note: Unfortunately, with Nero, you cannot determine the order
in which data (including MP3) files will copy to CD in by use of
the keyboard. This can only be done with the sighted drag-and-
drop procedure. The files will copy in alphabetical or numeric
order. Happily, however, you can move audio tracks around into
your preferred order, which will be demonstrated later.

9. You will be on a "Test and Burn" button but you can ARROW down
to "Burn" if you wish. The first option will test your CD and do
a dummy run before then actually burning the files to CD to
ensure that the copying will be successful and warn you if there
are likely to be any problems, so that you can abort the burning
if you wish; the "Burn" option will just go ahead and do the
copying without testing. The latter is quicker and fine if you
know that your set-up works OK and the CD disks you are using are
of good enough quality for the type and speed of copying you are
trying to do.

10. TAB once to "Write Speed" and ARROW up and down to the speed
you would like to write at, e.g. 12X if your CD-RW can work at
this speed, but remember that cheaper quality disks may require
a slower writing speed to be successful, such as 1X or 2X speed.
Similarly, some CD-ROMs cannot extract at more than 1X or 2X
speed, particularly with audio tracks, despite what their data
reading speed may be said to be. The slower the writing speed,
the more likely you are to obtain an unblemished copy. you'll
just have to experiment with different qualities of compact disks
and different speeds to familiarise yourself with your CD-ROMs,
CPUs and different blank disk capabilities.      

11. Lastly, press TAB to the"Burn" button and press ENTER to
start the copying process.The program may say that it is waiting
for a CD but just ignore this if you have already inserted a CD
into the CD-RW drive. 

12. When the copying/burning to CD has finished, Nero will
automatically eject the CD and tell you that the burning process
was successful--hopefully!

Note 1: If, in 6 above, you find it difficult to highlight non-
consecutive files, you could always copy the files you want to
an empty folder first and then copy them from there to a CD after
pressing CONTROL A to highlight them all.


note 2: The above CD Wizard method of creating data files for
burning is fine for most situations but, remember, the manual way
to do this (illustrated in a later section) gives many more
choices for types of files to burn and parameters to select
before the write process is started.

Note 3: Unfortunately, you cannot burn whole directories/folders
and their sub-folders and files in the above way without using
drag-and-drop procedures. However, their are two alternative
methods of selecting files which do permit you to burn whole
folders and their contents (see the next sub-section).
Additionally, you can also find yet another procedure to achieve
this much later in this section under the heading "An Alternative
Method of Selecting Files or Whole Folders for Burning with
Windows Explorer".

7.4.2. Burning Data Files via the File Browser 

As an alternative to the above procedure, which again only works
with data and not audio files, try the following approach: 

1. Place a blank CD into the CD-RW drawer and shut it. Now press
ESCAPE to be able to access the main menu bar and then ensure
that the CD Wizard is checked on in the Help Menu (ALT H and
press ENTER).

Note: From Nero 5.5 onwards, the "New Compilation" dialogue box
holds either a "Wizard" or "Close Wizard" button to quickly move
from manual to Wizard mode or vice versa.

2.A. With versions of Nero later than 5.57X, you encounter a
selection step which does not exist in earlier versions, in which
you have to select what type of burning drive you wish to burn
to, i.e. a CD drive, a DD CD drive or a DVD drive. You can ARROW
to your choice if you have all or more than one type of burner
installed in your PC; otherwise, if you only have a CD-RW, this
is all which will be shown and you can just press ENTER to move
to the next stage, as in 2.B. below. Note that the steps for
burning a DVD are the same as for burning a CD but the references
to CD in the options and selections change to references to DVD
or DD CD.

2.B. With versions of Nero before Version 5.57X, you will land
 on a two choice list where you can either opt to "Compile a New
CD" or ARROW down to "Copy a CD. Leave it on the former if you
wish to create your own unique new CD from scratch or ARROW to
the latter if you would like to simply clone (duplicate) an
existing CD in your CD-ROM drive to a blank CD in your CD-RW
drive. Then TAB on to "Next" and press ENTER.

3. You now have to choose the type of CD you would like to
produce by ARROWING up or down the three options, i.e. a "Data"
CD (containing files, programs, MP3 tracks, etc, but not
uncompressed music or video), but the "Audio" and "Mixed Mode"
are not workable with this particular procedure. Then TAB to
"Next" and press ENTER.  
4. With a data CD, you will have to choose between "Compile a New
Data CD" (for copying to a new, blank compact disk; or "Continue
an Existing Data CD" (for adding more files to an already partly
filled CD--known as a multi-session CD). You then TAB to "Next"
and press ENTER. You then press ENTER on "Finish" to complete
this stage of things. 

5. Now you are at the compilation stage, in a blank compilation
window, and you must select tracks or files for burning directly
to CD, as described below. However, firstly note that you will
be on the title (also known as the volume label) of your about
to be created CD. the default title is "New" but you are not
likely to want to call all of your CDs "New", so to change this
to a label of your own preference, just press the F2 key to open
up an editfield and in here type the label name you would like
to give to and have burned to this CD, e.g. type in something
like "Audio Sounds 2", "myfiles 3", etc, and press ENTEr. You
will now observe that "New" has changed to your own label title.

6. Now, to add your complete folders of files or to select
individual files for burning, press CONTROL F6 to move from the
Compilation window to the File Browser window and you will now
be in a standard Windows browsing tree (similar to being in
Windows Explorer) to be able to ARROW down and open disk drives
or folders in by pressing ENTER on them or right ARROWING on
them. This is the normal tree structure with your drives and
folders on the left and the individual files within each folder
on the right, which you may have to press the TAB key to move to.
You can now leave focus on a whole folder of data files or open
that folder and individually highlight files for burning as
outlined in the last sub-section. With your folder or files
highlighted, just press CONTROL C to copy them to the Clipboard.

7.  After selecting files and copying them to the Clipboard, you
press CONTROL F6 again to return to the Compilation window. In
here you now simply press CONTROL V to copy the folders or files
into the compilation. The structure of the Compilation window is
similar to that of the File Browser window, i.e. folders and sub-
folders on the left and individual files displayed on the right.
So, if you have selected a whole folder of files to burn, the
name of this folder will appear just under the volume label and
you can ARROW up and down to hear the label and folder spoken.
On the other hand, if you have selected individual files, these
files will be inserted into the compilation and therefore burned
onto the root of the CD with their original filenames, i.e.
without being placed within a folder on the CD.

8. The last stage is to burn your selected compiled tracks by
pressing ALT F, then W and following the steps outlined from step
8 in the last sub-section.

Note 1: At step 7 above, if you had of wanted to place individual
tracks within a folder on the CD which you wish to create at this
stage yourself, before pressing CONTROL V to paste the files into
the compilation, you could have created this folder at this stage
by pressing ALT E (for Edit) and then R (for Create Folder). The
default folder name will be "New", so type over this with a
folder name of your own liking, e.g. "workfiles", "memos", etc,
and press ENTRE to create the folder on the CD. If this empty
folder now has focus when you copy other sub-folders or files
into the Compilation window, then the sub-folder or files will
be copied inside this main folder which you have created. If you
want to create a second main folder on the CD (not a sub-folder),
just ARROW up to your volume label first and then create your
second main level folder in the same way as you created the first
main level folder with ALT E and then R. If you want to create
a sub-folder running from any of your main folders, put focus on
that main folder and go through the process again with ALT E and
then R. 

Note 2: You can use this same File Browser method of selecting
and adding folders and files to the Compilation window via the
standard Nero interface as well, not only whilst using the Nero
wizard (this will become clearer after you have read and
practised a few more sections).

7.5. Saving a Compilation

If you would like to save the above compilation for possible
future identical CD burning, with the same tracks/files, same
number of copies produced, etc, you would:

1. After finishing burning your first copy at stage 11 above, you
would press CONTROL S and type a filename into the editfield
which opens up (no extension).

2. TAB forward to "Save as Type" and accept the default of ".NRI"
as the standard Nero file extension for data copying
compilations.

3. TAB to "Save" and press ENTER. The compilation template may
be saved to either the same folder that your original files were
copied from or to My Documents but you can change this to a
folder where only your saved .NRI files are kept if you wish. So,
if you called this compilation template "tutorials", its full
filename would now be "tutorials.nri". 

7.6. Opening a Saved Compilation Template

To open one of the above saved compilations for further CD
burning:

1. Press CONTROL O and then either:

A. In the filename textbox you land in, type the full path and
filename to the compilation template, e.g. C:\my
documents\jazz.nri, and press ENTER. 

Or

B. TAB once to "Files of Type" and ARROW to the type of file you
are looking for, e.g. CD-ROM (ISO)" (data files), "Audio CD
compilation", etc. If you wish to be able to view all Nero's file
extension types, ARROW right down to "All Files (*.*)" or "All
Nero Compilations and Images", depending on the version of Nero
you are running.

C. SHIFT TAB back five times to the list of drives/folders. ARROW
up or down until you reach the drive, such as C:, where your
compilation templates are saved to. Then TAB to the list of
folders and press ENTER to open up the compilation ".nri" or
other file type files. Place focus on the one you want, TAB to
"Open" and press ENTER.

2. The compilation will load in and you press ENTER on an OK
button if it appears. 

3. If you would like to burn another CD exactly the same as the
first one burnt with this compilation, you now just press ALT F
(for File) and W (for Write) and the Nero Wizard will run and
take you through the last two or three steps of burning (as in
steps 6 to 10 above) or you make your choices manually if you are
not using the Nero Wizard.

Note: The word "ISO" is both an acronym for International
Standards Organisation and it is the Greek word for equal to or
the same as.

7.7. Extracting Audio Tracks to WAV Format Before Creating an
Audio CD

It is important with Nero to ensure that the format of audio
tracks is correct before creating an audio CD. They must be wave
files in the .WAV format, in 44.1 KHz and 16-bit stereo. This is,
of course, only necessary if you are burning uncompressed tracks
via the hard disk, not for on the fly direct CD-ROM to CD-RW
burning or for extracting and burning MP3 files. You can achieve
this as follows.

7.7.1. Extracting with Nero 4X and 5.0

1. If you have either the Nero Wizard or the manual compilation
dialogue open, close it by pressing ESCAPE.

2. Insert your music CD into the CDRW (not the CD-ROM) drawer and
close it.

3. Press ALT R (for CD-Recorder) and then S (for Save Tracks).

4. Depending on your screenreader, you are likely to have to go
into navigation or mouse mode and then, from the top, cursor down
to the track number which you wish to have resaved for burning.
The tracks are displayed underneath one another with the number
in the left column being the track number, the next column
showing the track starting point, the next showing the track's
length and lastly the type of track is given, e.g. audio.

5. Place the cursor on the line containing the track you wish to
convert to a .WAV file and press your left mouse simulation
button once to select it. Do this for each track you wish to
record and then return to standard reading mode. Navigation is
easier with Nero 5.5 than earlier versions and there is also a
"Select All" button you can press ENTER on if you want all tracks
to be converted. 

6. You can now either: 

A. Press TAB to an "Audio Controls" button and press ENTER, when
the tracks will be saved to your Windows temp directory in:

c:\windows\temp\ (track name)

and be given the default names of "Track01.wav", "Track02.wav",
etc; 

Note: With Nero 5.5 the saving folder is c:\Program
Files\Ahead\My Music.

or you can

B. In mouse mode, ARROW down to the penultimate line where
"Filename" appears, then move right to the default filename, e.g.
"Track01.cda" and open an editfield by pressing the left mouse
button once. Now type the track name you would like in here. You
may, though, find that Windows curtails the filename to the DOS
limitations of eight letters before the .WAV extension. You
lastly TAB or move with your cursor keys to a "Save" or a "Go"
button and press ENTER.

7. You will be told that the tracks are being saved and then when
the process is completed. Press ENTER on the "OK" button to
finish. The converting and saving to your temp or other folder
should only take a few seconds.

8. When at the bottom of the "Save Tracks" window you have
several buttons which you should be able to TAB through or get
onto in navigation mode. In addition to "Save" the "Options"
button is of interest. This lets you alter the speed that the
original tracks will be read at, it lets you check on or off a
"Jitter Correction" control which may help to remove clicks in
an audio recording and there is a "Remove Silence at the End of
the Audio Track" control for if you would like the recording to
cut off as soon as the track finishes so that there are no gaps
between tracks. 

9. You are now ready to select these tracks and place them into
a compilation as outlined above and below, obviously by
navigating to the C:\Windows\temp\ folder with the browser to
highlight them for placing into the compilation template.

Note 1: With Nero 5.0 it would be as well if you emptied your
C:\Windows\Temp folder completely before saving tracks to wave
files, to avoid having to find these tracks amongst other data
and so that you can use CONTROL A to select everything you want
and nothing you don't want. Clearing unneeded data from the \temp
directory regularly is a good thing in itself as well to free up
disk space.

Note 2: You can use this "Save Tracks" feature for data tracks
as well as for audio conversion, e.g. for if you wish to convert
different file standards to image files which could then be burnt
to a CD in such as Apple Mac and HFS and other none standard
formats. However, these are much less frequent formats and there
are restrictions in what you can do in practice. They will not
be described here as this tutorial is about data and audio
burning with IBM-compatible PCs, not for non-IBM compatible
computer formats.

Note 3: If you elect to save the easy way by choosing 5.A. above,
you can always use your Windows or DOS system to rename the
"Track01.wav" files to what you like but ensure that you always
keep the .WAV extension. 

7.7.2. Extracting with Nero 5.50 and later versions

With Nero 5.5, what happens is different from what is described
in the above sub-section. Basically, the position is much
clearer, as you are taken through two or three dialogue boxes so
that you do not have to use navigation or mouse mode. The
essential steps are: 

1. If you have either the Nero Wizard or the manual compilation
dialogue open, close it by pressing ESCAPE.

2. Insert your music CD into the CDRW (not the CD-ROM) drawer and
close it.

3. Press ALT R (for CD-Recorder) and then S (for Save Tracks).

4. Depending on your version of Nero, you now come into the first
of either two or three dialogue boxes, where you just ARROW up
or down to choose the CD drive you wish to extract your tracks
from and then press ENTER on "OK". 

5. Again, depending on your version of Nero, you may or may not
now come into a tracks naming dialogue. You can TAB through and
name CDs, tracks, etc, in here before moving on or just TAB to
"Cancel" to ignore this and move to the next stage. The tracks
may already be named for you if the Nero CDDB database already
knows about the disk you have decided to extract tracks from;
otherwise the CD title, tracks names, etc, will be blank for you
to complete if you wish, after pressing ENTER on the "Create a
New CD Entry" button.     

Note 1: You can turn off the automatic opening of the above CD
database to show or allow completion of tracks and artist's
details if you wish by going to File, Preferences, CONTROL
TABBING to "Database" and then pressing SPACEBAR on "Open the
Database During Save Track". Below this is where to check off
"Open the Database During CD Copy" if you would like to skip this
step in CD copying as well.  

Note 2: In some more up-to-date versions of Nero 5.5X, the next
step is combined with step 4 above and you will also find that
you can TAB through several "Audio Player controls" options and
buttons to play and listen to your selected tracks if you wish. 

6. The third dialogue box which you may come into, which is the
main selecting and extracting dialogue, has several settings,
options, radio buttons and dialogues you can check on, arrow to
or go into (e.g. the "Settings" button, to change such as bit
rate, mono/stereo recording, etc, and you eventually press ENTER
on a "Go" button to get selected tracks converted. Ensure that
you have ARROWED to The "PCM Wav File" format for this exercise
but note that there are four or five different possible formats.
Additionally, in this dialogue, before going to the "Go" button,
if you press SPACEBAR on the "Options" button, you will obtain
several more options which you can check on or off depending on
your requirements and preferences, e.g. To enable jitter
correction (recommended), to remove the silent gaps between
tracks, to automatically create an M3U playlist of stored audio
tracks (a tracks tagging and listing ability), etc. You should
also note that the "Browse" button, if pressed, will permit you
to navigate to a different tracks saving folder if you wish, e.g.
C:\music, provided that you have created such a folder for this
first. This "Browse" dialogue should also allow you to BACKSPACE
out the current track name, such as track1, and type another more
appropriate track name in if you wish, before going to the "Save"
button and then the "Go" button. However, I have not found this
new folder and renaming dialogue to be reliable, as sometimes it
does not give you the track renaming option, so you may have to
use an alternative method of renaming tracks to their correct
names, e.g. after you have saved the tracks to your saving
folder, you may wish to use Windows Explorer to go to them and
then press the F2 key on each name in turn and type in the
correct track name with the .wav extension or you may wish to
press ENTER on each track to get such as Windows Media Player to
open up and start playing the track, after which you should be
able to press CONTROL S (for save) and then resave the track to
a new filename such as:

C:\music\Let It Be.wav

but you will then have to delete the original tracks so that you
do not get duplicate tracks with different names. 

In fact, when creating compilation music CDs, if you are
selecting such as track 1 from several CDs, you will find that
Nero will try to over-write your original track 1 with the new
track one unless you rename the original track one to something
else.

7. In the above tracks selection step you use traditional Windows
highlighting procedures in the tracks list to get the tracks you
want to extract selected, e.g. the SHIFT KEY with the ARROW up
and down keys to select consecutive tracks, the CONTROL key to
move to non-consecutive tracks and press SPACEBAR to select
tracks randomly and there is a "Select All" button if you want
to highlight all of the tracks on a disk for extracting. If you
named the tracks in the previous dialogue or the CDDB database
did this, then the track names will appear in the tracks list;
otherwise they will simply be numbered 1, 2, 3, etc, followed by
some information about the track such as its size in minutes and
seconds, its size in Mb, the type of file extension it has, and
so on. If you want to select a few tracks from more than one CD,
you can do this by inserting another CD and then TABBING to and
pressing SPACEBAR on the  "Drive" button, after which you can
ARROW to "Refresh", press ENTER and then go through the same
three dialogue box procedure again. You should note that there
is also an "Output File Format" list where you can choose from
four different audio formats, such as "Wave", MP3 and Apple Mac,
but you leave it on wave for standard extracting.

8. When you have made all of the tracks selections and options
changes you want, you press ENTER on "Go" (or use the shortcut
of ALT G) and after the extraction has finished (which may take
only a few seconds or a minute or two) you will return to the
"Go" button and can TAB to "Close" to finish.  

9. You are now ready to select these extracted wave tracks and
place them into a compilation using one of the procedures
outlined in both earlier and later sections, obviously by
navigating to the C:\Program Files\Ahead\My Music\ folder with
the browser to highlight them for placing into the compilation
template. 

7.8. Creating an Audio Music CD from Your CD-ROM Drive with the
Nero Wizard

Many of the steps for burning audio tracks are the same as in the
burning of data files but you can either use the "Add File"
option in the Edit Menu or you can copy the tracks you wish to
burn to the Clipboard first and then paste them into the Audio
1 Compilation and then arrange them in the order you like before
burning them to CD.

If your original tracks are not already in a WAV format and you
are not burning on the fly, convert them to WAV files as directed
above in "Extracting Audio Tracks to WAV Format Before Creating
an Audio CD". Then:

1. Place a blank CD into the CD-RW drawer and shut it. Now press
ESCAPE to be able to access the main menu bar and then ensure
that the CD Wizard is checked on in the Help Menu (ALT H and
press ENTER).

Note: From Nero 5.5 onwards, the New Compilation" dialogue box
holds either a "Wizard" or "Close Wizard" button to quickly move
from manual to Wizard mode or vice versa.

2.A. With versions of Nero before Version 5.57X, you will land
 on a two choice list where you can either opt to "Compile a New
CD" or ARROW down to "Copy a CD". Leave it on the former for this
type of burning. Then TAB on to "Next" and press ENTER.

2.B. With versions of Nero later than 5.57X, you encounter an
initial selection step which does not exist in earlier versions,
in which you have to select what type of burning drive you wish
to burn to, i.e. a CD drive, a DD CD drive or a DVD drive. You
can ARROW to your choice if you have all or more than one type
of burner installed in your PC; otherwise, if you only have a CD-
RW, this is all which will be shown and you can just press ENTER
to move to the next stage, as in 2.A. above. Note that the steps
for burning a DVD are the same as for burning a CD but the
references to CD in the options and selections change to
references to DVD or DD CD.

3. You now have to choose the type of CD you would like to
produce by ARROWING up or down the three options. In this case,
ARROW to the "Audio" option and then TAB to "Next" and press
ENTER. 

4. You now fall on a "Finish" button, so press ENTER, when the
New Compilation (Audio 1) window will open.

5. If you can see good enough to drag and drop your audio tracks
from the browser to the Audio 1 window, do so. Otherwise, use one
of the two below continuation keyboard procedures.

7.8.1. Selecting and Ordering Tracks Whilst in the Audio
Compilation

A. Press ALT E (for Edit) and then ARROW up to "Add File" and
press ENTRE.

B. TAB once to "Files of Type" and ARROW to "All Files".

C. SHIFT TAB back three times to "Look In" and ARROW up and down
to the drive/folder on your c drive or D (CD-ROM) drive, etc and
press ENTER.

D. TAB once and The list of tracks will be displayed, e.g.
"track01.cda", "Track02.cda", etc, if you have gone to your CD-
ROM to burn tracks from. )If the tracks are in a format other
than .WAV, such as .CDA, remember to convert them to .WAV files
first.

E. You can select all of the tracks on a music CD or in a hard
disk folder with CONTROL A or you can highlight them for burning
of single tracks or non-consecutive tracks. Select non-
consecutive tracks in the normal Windows way, i.e. with focus on
the first track you want this will already be highlighted, so now
hold down the CONTROL key and press the down ARROW key, keeping
CONTROL depressed all of the time, ARROW to the next track you
want and press the SPACEBAR to highlight it, ARROW to the next
track you want and press the SPACEBAR to highlight this one, etc
(this can be somewhat hit and miss with Nero, however). You can
also choose individual non-consecutive tracks by TABBING to
"Filename" and typing the filenames in enclosed in double quotes,
e.g. "track02.cda" "track11.cda", etc. If you want all but one
of 12 tracks on a given music CD, rather than having to highlight
11 of them before burning, you can invoke the invert option in
the Edit Menu. You do this by highlighting the one track which
you do not want, then press ALT E (for Edit) and then I (for
Invert) which will take the highlight off the one track you do
not want and place a highlight on all of the other 11 tracks.

Tip: If you prefer, in the above audio tracks list, you can also
select tracks in the order you want them adding to your
compilation by going to each track in turn and by pressing
CONTROL 1 (on the main keyboard) when each track you want to add
to your audio compilation has focus.

F. It is at this stage that you can now re-arrange the tracks
into a different order if you wish. ARROW to the track you wish
to move somewhere else and then press CONTROL X to cut it to the
Clipboard. Then ARROW to the place where you want it to be
inserted so that the track you have ARROWED to will then move
down one place and press CONTROL V to paste it in there. Continue
in this way until you have all tracks in your desired order. It
is sometimes necessary to move tracks up rather than down when
you are trying to move a track to the end of a list. If you
should like to have one of your tracks on the same compilation
CD more than once, just use CONTROL C (for copy) rather than
CONTROL X (for cut).

G. Now TAB to "Open" and press ENTER. Depending on the version
of Nero you have, you may get one or two track and/or CD naming
dialogue boxes at this stage. You can choose to name your tracks
and source and target CDs or just press ENTER on "Close" or "OK"
to skip this if you like.

H. If you want to copy tracks from other CDs to this compilation,
just insert them, in turn, into the CD draw and repeat steps A
to G for each, although you may in this case wish to re-arrange
the order of your tracks after first selecting all of them from
several CDs. You will be prompted to insert each CD in the
correct order as required as the burning takes place.

Note: AT this stage you can highlight any track or all tracks and
play them if you wish. You are likely to have to go into mouse
mode to get focus on a track, press the left mouse click
simulation key once to highlight it and then ARROW down to
"Play", put focus on this and then double left mouse click to
start the playing. There is also a "Stop" button next to the Play
button. This will only work if you have a cable from your sound
card to your CD drive.

7.8.2. Selecting Tracks Prior to Launching Nero 

If you prefer to select your audio tracks prior to launching
Nero:

A. With the tracks already having been selected and copied to the
Clipboard before launching Nero, e.g. by using My computer or
Windows Explorer, and having then gone through steps 1 to 4 at
the beginning of this section, press CONTROL V to paste the
tracks into the audio 1 compilation window. (If you are not sure
of the procedure to follow when using Windows Explorer to do this
initial track selecting, see Section 29 below for detailed
instructions.)

B. You will get an "Adding Files" message and then come into the
standard two dialogues for naming tracks and naming the CD you
are burning tracks from (if from a CD), so name them if you wish
or just TAB to "Close" or "OK" to skip this if you do not wish
to name them.

C. Next you will receive an "Analysing File" message and you will
have to wait a minute or two for each track to be analyzed before
it can be manipulated or burnt to CD. This is equivalent to
firstly getting the tracks converted to wave files (if you have
not already done this) and removes the prior need to do this
conversion.

D. When the tracks have been analyzed/converted, you can TAB once
and then ARROW up and down the available tracks, either with the
filenames you gave them (or obtained from the CDDB or the track
names which Nero gives to them in the absence of their correct
names, e.g. "Unknown 1", "Unknown 2", etc.

E. It is at this stage that you can now re-arrange the tracks
into your preferred order. ARROW to the track you wish to move
somewhere else and then press CONTROL X to cut it to the
Clipboard. Then ARROW to the place where you want it to be
inserted so that the track you have ARROWED to will then move
down one place and press CONTROL V to paste it in there. Continue
in this way until you have all tracks in your desired order. It
is sometimes necessary to move tracks up rather than down when
you are trying to move a track to the end of a list. If you
should like to have one of your tracks on the same compilation
CD more than once, just use CONTROL C (for copy) rather than
CONTROL X (for cut).

6. Irrespective of which of the two above selecting and track
ordering procedures you elected to follow, to have the Nero
Wizard load in again, complete the last few steps and commence
burning, press ALT F followed by w. The rest is the same as in
steps 6 to 11 above in "Creating a Data CD from Files on Your
Hard Disk Drive with the Nero Wizard". Be aware, however, that
if a music CD is to be played in a home HI-FI or car stereo
system, it must be "closed" or "finalised" after burning, so you
should completely fill the disk with audio tracks for maximum
efficiency and then close it after it is filled. This is in
contrast to data files which will still be accessible on your
computer without the CD being closed. Once any type of write-only
CD has been closed no more tracks or data files can be copied to
it.        

Note 1: In the final stage of burning, i.e. when you go into the
File Menu and select "Write", some (but not all--usually those
which come up when not using the CD Wizard) dialogues will
provide a "Determine Maximum Speed" checkbox. If you press
SPACEBAR to turn this on, the program will check to find the
maximum speed that your system can burn files onto a given
quality of CD and run it at that speed, ignoring the copying
speed selected lower down in this dialogue. In this way, you will
avoid an unsuccessful burn due to trying to copy faster than your
CD drives and/or the inserted compact disk can cope with.

Note 2: You can also use these two methods of creating CDs for
data as well as audio CDs instead of using the context menu
method but you will not be able to re-arrange the order in which
data files (including MP3 audio files) burn in.

Warning: Do not be tempted to use your screenreader during any
type of audio CD burn. If you do, you are likely to get
interference on your burnt CD, such as clicking. If your
screenreader is likely to start speaking a particular line on the
screen or the changing contents of the Status Bar, for example,
either turn such as the Status Bar of (ALT V, S) or permanently
switch screenreader speech of or unload it.

7.9. Viewing Tracks Information on a CD or Compilation
Information on an existing Compilation Template

1. To view the tracks and information such as track length in
minutes/seconds, in megabytes, the type of track, e.g. audio,
data, etc:

A. With the CD in the drawer, press CONTROL I.

B. Now TAB and ARROW around the information. You will not only
be able to view track names, sizes, etc, but also the separate
copying sessions on the CD. The amount of CD space used and the
amount remaining will also be displayed.

C. TAB to "OK" and press ENTER when finished.

2. To view or make changes to an already created compilation,
open the compilation as outlined above in "Opening a Saved
Compilation Template". Then:

A. Press ALT F (for File) and then I (for Compilation Info).

B. You will land on the "Info Page" and can view the compilation
details in Navigation/JAWS/mouse mode.

C. Using CONTROL TAB, you can move through several property
sheets where you can make changes to the on-screen compilation
as desired.

D. When finished, TAB to "OK" and press ENTER.

7.10. Creating an Audio or Data CD When You Only Have One CD
Drive (Image Burning)

You can still make data or Audio CDs even if you only have one
Cd drive--a CD-RW drive. You have first to make an image of the
source CD you wish to copy on your hard disk, i.e. copy it there
first, and then copy the image from the hard disk back to your
CD-RW drive after replacing the source CD with a blank data or
Audio music CD. You may wish to do this to speed copying up if
you wish to make several CD copies of the same tracks or if your
source CD-ROM drive is old and too slow to keep up with the
required data flow to your CD-RW drive, e.g. you may have an old
8 speed CD-ROM and a 24X12X40 speed CD-RW drive. To burn a CD in
this way:

1. Press ESCAPE after Nero launches to be able to access the menu
bar. then press CONTROL R to open the CD Recorder and choose
"Image Recorder - Virtual Device" from the list you are in with
the ARROW keys.

2. TAB to "OK" and press ENTER. You have now changed from the
usual record from CD-ROM to CD-RW method of burning to the image
recorder whereby the burning will first be done from your CD-RW
drive to your hard disk as an image and then be transferred from
their back to your CD-RW drive and onto a CD with burning space
on it.

3. Press CONTROL N and using either the Nero Wizard or the
standard mode, create either an audio or data (ISO) CD
compilation (as outlined in "Creating a Data CD from Files on
Your Hard Disk Drive with the Nero Wizard" above).

4.  Press ALT F (for File) and then W (for Write CD). You can
leave "Test and Burn" and "Simulate" off as image burning does
not use these. Now TAB to and press ENTER on "Burn" to start the
copying process, but note that now, before burning, another
dialogue box comes up asking you to accept the default image
filename of "image.nrg" or change this to an image filename of
your own choice. However, before TABBING to "Save" to save the
image to hard disk, you should observe the "Save In" option as
it is likely to be set to try to save into the same folder that
your data or audio file or track is to be copied from. If the
original folder is, for example, on a CD-ROM, then saving the
image file to here will fail as there is no space to save onto
on a closed CD-ROM. This means that you will have to change the
saving folder to such as C:\Windows\Temp so that the image file
will go there or anywhere else you like with sufficient writable
space for it. Now TAB to "save" and press ENTER.

Note: In image burning the individual tracks are not copied to
your hard disk but rather the whole lot is copied as one large
image file with one filename.

5. After saving the image to hard disk, you press ENTER on an
"OK" button when told the process was successful and get the
standard "log file "Save", "Print" or "Discard" choices, so make
your choice.

6. Now remove the source disk from the CD-RW drive and replace
it with your write-only CD. To have the image file burnt from
hard disk to a write-only CD you now press ALT F (for File) and
then B (for Burn Image). type the image filename into the
editfield which opens up, e.g. "image.nrg" or any personal
filename which you may have given it, and TAB to "Open" and press
ENTER.

7. The standard burn dialogue opens up and you can choose to
"Test and Burn" or "Burn" and then TAB to "Burn" and press ENTER
to commence the copying/burning to CD. Ensure that the "Write"
option is checked on before burning.

Note: Remember that to return the method of burning to its normal
mode, you will have to use CONTROL R and re-select your CD-RW to
burn CDs without having the copy go to the hard disk as an image.

7.11. Cloning a Whole Audio, Video, Data or Mixed Mode CD with
the Nero Wizard

To obtain an exact copy of a CD in your CD-ROM drive, which must
be done on a blank write-only data or audio CD or re-writable CD,
which will then be closed and not usable to add later copying
sessions:

1. Ensure that the Nero Wizard is checked on in the Help Menu. 

2. Press CONTROL N to open a new compilation and ARROW down to
"copy a CD".

3. Either just press ENTER immediately or TAB to "Next" and press
ENTER.

4. You will be on the "Test and Burn" option and can ARROW to
"Burn" if you wish. The former ensures that your copying will be
successful before attempting to burn the disk, whereas the latter
only takes half as long but does not test, so a copying error
could occur and render your blank CD unusable.

5. TAB to the "burn" button and press ENTER to start the
copying/cloning process. 

6. If you are asked for a filename to save a copy of the
compilation, either accept the default one it gives you or change
it to whatever you want and then press ENTER.

7.12. Burning Data or Audio Tracks Manually

To burn CDs manually, you will have to uncheck the CD Wizard and
go through the stages one at a time. This may suite some users
and/or their screenreaders. It does also give more access to the
full range of options and formats available in the program. You
would:

1. Launch Nero in the normal way, press ESCAPE and then Uncheck
the "CD Wizard" by pressing ALT H (for Help" and then ENTER. In
future, if you wish always to burn in this way, you will only
have to launch Nero to come up straightaway into this manual
dialogue box.

Note: From Nero 5.5 onwards, the "New Compilation" dialogue box
holds either a "Wizard" or "Close Wizard" button to quickly move
from manual to Wizard mode or vice versa. 

2. Press ALT N (for New Compilation) (not necessary if you have
set things up as above to always open up in the manual burning
dialogue box).

3. You will load into the "NEW Compilation" multi-property sheet.
This property sheet has six or seven sheets within it which you
can CONTROL TAB through. The one you are on now is the
"Multisession" sheet.

4. You will be on (or may have to TAB to) the "CD-ROM (ISO)"
option and can ARROW down all nine (in Nero 4), ten (in Nero 5.0)
or eleven (in Nero 5.5) of the possible CD burning options. The
"ISO" option is to be used if you want to copy data files to a
CD. One press of ARROW down takes you to "Audio-CD" where you
would place the focus if you wanted to create an audio music CD.
"Mixed Mode CD" permits the making of CDs with both data and
audio files on them, the latter intended for playing on a car
stereo, a home stereo or on a computer and the former for playing
on a PC only. "CD-Copy" permits you to clone (duplicate) any type
of CD precisely as the original in the CD-ROM drawer. There are
other types of CD burning selections but, for visually impaired
people, these are likely to be of secondary importance, e.g.
creating video CDs, Creating CDs for use on Apple Mac PCs,
creating a system boot CD (you can do this with your Windows
operating system on a floppy disk, etc. 

Note 1: If you accidentally close this Mew Compilation dialogue,
you can reopen it by pressing CONTROL N.

Note 2: With some versions of Nero after Version 5.5.064, at step
4 above, instead of landing in the list of types of files to
burn, you land on the list to select whether to start or continue
a multi-session disk, etc, so you will have to SHIFT TAB back
three times to the types of file to burn list. 

5. Leave focus on the "ISO" line to burn data files and ensure
that you have a data, audio or unformatted re-writable blank CD
inserted into the CD drive drawer. You can use data or audio
disks for this type of copying but it may be cheaper to use the
data type. On the other hand, you may, for learning and practise
purposes only, wish to use a re-writable disk so that it can be
erased and used again without wasting write-only disks. 

Note: There is an "Open" button just before you get to the next
stage, which you can use if you do not need to create a new
compilation template but already have one created earlier which
you now wish to have loaded in for burning.

6. Tab to the "New" button and press ENTER.

7. You can now use one of the methods described above by TABBING
once to an unmarked icon and then bringing up the Context Menu
to go to "ADD File" or you can use the second method of selecting
files via the Edit Menu and the "Add Files" option in there.  

8. You now highlight/select files from the hard disk or CD-ROM
folder(s) as shown previously and then TAB to "Open" and press
ENTER.

9. Now press ALT F (for File) and then W (for Write) and the
"Write CD" and "Burn" property sheet will load in. You can now
TAB through and choose from the following main options to modify
the type of burn you will get:

A. The "Write" option: This should be checked.

B. The "Number of Copies" option: This is likely to be on "1" for
a single copy but you can BACKSPACE this out and type in however
many copies of this same disk compilation you would like to burn
at this particular time. You will be prompted to insert a new
disk each time the program needs one.

C. The "Cache Disk and Networkfiles": This would be left checked
off for standard CD to CD copying or for CD to hard disk copying.
You only press SPACEBAR to turn this on if you are copying from
a network system or floppy disk, both of which will provide data
extraction too slowly without this turned on.

D. The "Disk-at-Once": This would be left off for data burning
but you may wish to check it on for audio file copying, as it
permits several other music-related options, e.g. better blank
spacing between music tracks so that the spaces are not too long
or the ends of tracks clipped. Note, however, that in Disk-at-
once mode the default copying method is to finalise or close a
disk so that nothing else can be burnt to it, so uncheck
"Finalise" if you are only burning a few tracks and want to put
more on this CD later. If Disk-at-Once is not checked or not
supported by your CD drives, then the mode you will be burning
in is known as "Track-at-Once".  

E. There are several other standard options in here which have
been discussed previously but one other of interest is the
"Medium Info" button. If you are using such as a CD-RW (re-
writable) disk, you may find that the write speed in this
dialogue box is set to the maximum for a write-only and not a re-
writable disk, so pressing ENTER on the "Medium Info" button
should refresh the writing speed options for you to those
appropriate to a CD-RW disk if this is what you are trying to
copy to. Using the Medium Info button is not essential to burn
a disk but, if you do not wish to burn at maximum speed, will
allow you to make valid burning speed reductions.

F. Lastly, after making whatever burning option changes you
require, just TAB to "Write" and press ENTER to start the
burning/copying process.

10. When the burning has finished you will be in a dialogue
asking if you wish to save the compilation template, so if you
do, just type a filename into the "Filename" editfield and press
ENTER on "Save" or just go to "Cancel".

11. You finally reach a "Done" dialogue in which you can elect
to either "Save" (a log file containing details of who created
this compilation, the version of Nero used, which recorder was
used, etc), "Print (log file information)or just "Discard" the
compilation log file details and close the dialogue. 

Warning: You cannot stop a burn partway through once it has
started without destroying the CD you are copying to.

7.13. Creating a Folder on CD to Burn Files Into

The above examples of burning files from hard disk or another CD
(not on the fly) all place individual files onto the root
directory (first folder level) of a CD. However, if you would
like to organise your files or tracks copying by putting them
into named folders, you can do this. To create a folder on CD and
then burn files into it:

1. Using the above manual method of burning (see "Burning Data
or Audio Tracks Manually"), open a new compilation as normal.

2. When you get to the stage where you would normally highlight
files to be burnt to CD, press ALT e (for Edit) and then ARROW
up to "Create Folder" and press ENTER.

3. You will now be in an editfield with the default folder name
of "New". Press BACKSPACE to erase this and then type in the
folder name you would like to create, e.g. myfiles, and press
ENTER.

4. ARROW down to the "myfiles" folder and leave focus on this.
Then, as normal, press ALT E, followed by L, and locate the
source drive, folder(s) and files/tracks you want to burn to CD
in the specified new folder. Select the files and TAB to "Open"
and press ENTER.

5. Now, with ALT F, W, burn the files or tracks to CD as usual.
The "myfiles" folder will be created on the CD and the selected
files will be burnt into it.

6. You can create numerous folders in this way and if you no
longer want one of them, before you have copied files into it,
you can press the DELETE key whilst it has focus to erase it. If
the folders are not in the order you would like, you can put
focus on one of them, press CONTROL X to cut it to the Clipboard
and then move to where you want it and press CONTROL V to paste
it in there.

7. You can also add multiple selected files to a folder via the
Clipboard by ARROWING to one of your folders, press ALT E, then
L and then select your files as normal. Next copy the files to
the Clipboard with CONTROL C, press ESCAPE and lastly paste them
into the folder in your compilation with CONTROL V.

8. Again, you can add files to any of your folders using the
normal writing/burning methods with ALT F, W.  

7.14. Converting and Burning MP3 Files to HI-FI Audio Files

You can use Nero to extract (decompress) and copy compressed MP3
files in a similar way as you would burn .WAV or .CDA files,
using the New Compilation window. However, they do not have to
have their format changed to .wav first, as this will be done on
the fly as the burning takes place. The MP3 file must not be
damaged and must be the standard MPEG Layer 3 type, in stereo,
16-bit and have a sampling rate of 44.1 Khz. To burn MP3 files
to .CDA files (Hi-FI files):

1. Using the Nero Wizard, follow the steps in "Creating an Audio
Music CD from Your CD-ROM Drive with the Nero Wizard" above.

2. As converting MP3 files to .CDA files can take a considerable
amount of time, depending on the speed of your CD-RW drive, you
may not want to wait around if burning a lot of tracks at a time.

3. If you only wish to burn MP3 files to a CD and retain their
MP3 format, you would simply follow the same Nero Wizard process
but select "Data"instead of "Audio" when asked which kind of Cd
you would like to compile at step two.

4. Alternatively, if you wish to clone a whole CD of MP3 music
or other audio files from one CD to another, you can use the
"Copy a New CD" option which first comes up when the Nero Wizard
loads in.

Note: You cannot create MP3 audio files from other audio tracks
with the standard version of Nero 5X. You can only do this if you
purchase a special MP3 Pro ripper from the Nero Website. Use of
this MP3 converter is not covered in this tutorial.

7.15. Audio Track Filtering and Property Details

If you wish to view or change some of the filters and details of
a track:

1. In the compilation template containing the track, place focus
on the track in question and either press the left mouse
simulation button twice or press SHIFT F10 then ARROW up to
"Properties" and press ENTER (you may only be able to do this in
mouse or navigation mode) . You will fall in the "Track
Properties" property sheet, which is the first of three property
sheets.  You can TAB through and view track title, Artist name,
etc. You can complete these editfields if empty or alter any of
them. 

2. The next property sheet of interest is the "Filter" sheet, so
press CONTROL TAB until you reach it. What you can do hear
depends on the version of Nero you have, for example, you may
only be able to widen the effect of a stereo file with the right
and left ARROW keys if you just have the basic OEM version, but
if you have bought the professional version of Nero, you will
find other features here, such as de-hiss, de-click, etc, to
improve the sound of a track with his, to remove crackle, etc,
e.g. from a recording taken from a vinyl record.

3. After making any changes, TAB to "OK" and press ENTER to save
them and have these filters applied. 
 
7.16. How to Add More Data to a Partly Used Data CD

To add more files to a partly used CD it must not have been
"Finalised" (closed) when you last copied to it. When you re-use
a CD to add more data to it later, it is known as a multi-session
CD. You do this with a standard right-only data CD as follows:

1. With the Nero Wizard:

A. Ensure that the Nero Wizard is checked on in the Help Menu if
not already on (ALT H and press ENTER). 

B. Press Control N to open the New Compilation window if it is
not already open.

C. Select "Compile a New CD" and press ENTER. 

D. ARROW down to "Data" and press ENTER. 

E. Now place focus on "continue an Existing Data CD
(Multisession)" by ARROWING down once and press ENTER. 

F. You will be on the "Finish" button, so press ENTER to have a
dialogue box open showing the sessions already on the partly
filled CD. Just TAB to "OK" and press ENTER. 

G. Now press ALT E (for Edit) and then L (for Add Files) and you
now reach the stage in the Open Dialogue where you must navigate
to whatever floppy drive/CD-ROM drive/hard disk drive/folder you
wish to highlight files from to have then burnt onto the already
partly filled CD in the CD-RW drive.

H. After selecting the files you want, TAB to "Open" and press
ENTER.

I.  You now press ALT F (for File) and then W (for Write CD). 

J. The Nero Wizard loads in again for the normal final stages to
be chosen. Therefore, with the ARROW keys, place focus on "Test
and Burn" or "Burn" if you do not wish to test first. Choose the
writing speed and then press ENTER on "Burn" to commence.

K. You now press ENTER on "OK" and the usual last stage appears
after the copying has finished, i.e. you can elect to "Save" or
"Print" an information log file for the burn you have just done
(or both) or you can just "Discard" the ISO compilation template.
If you "Save", you would be advised to give the current temporary
log file a name of your own choice, e.g. backup1log. The program
will provide its own filename extension of .txt so that you can
view this log file with any text editor or word-processor.

L. To close the current ISO compilation template window you press
CONTROL F4 and will again be asked if you wish to save "Yes" or
"No". This "Save" is the point where you can elect to keep a copy
of the compilation template for future use in identical re-runs
of the copying process. You replace the ISO.NRI default filename
with one of your own choice, e.g. backup1. The program will
automatically allocate a .nri filename extension to these types
of saved compilation files. 

Note: If you already have files on the current target CD which
have not changed on the source CD/hard disk folder where they
were originally burnt from, then they will not be copied to CD
again, only previously uncopied or changed files will be burnt
to the CD in the new session. This, obviously, avoids unnecessary
file duplication. 
 
2. Alternatively, if you (or your screenreader) prefer to add
more data files to an already partly filled CD without using the
Nero Wizard, you can achieve the above via the standard interface
by: 

A. With the Nero Wizard unchecked, press CONTROL N to obtain a
New Compilation window.

B. Leave the focus on "CD-ROM (ISO) and TAB twice to a list of
three options, with the ARROW keys placing the focus on "Continue
Multisession Disk" if it is not already there. The other two
choices are "No MultiSession" and "Start MultiSession Disk".
Remember, which ever of these three options you choose, the next
time you open this dialogue box that selection will have been
retained, so you may need to change it for future burns,
depending on what you want to do next.

C. TAB through and observe the many options in this dialogue and
ensure that "Add New Files to Compilation" is checked on. Then
TAB to "New" and press ENTER.

Note: If you leave focus on "Start MultiSession Disk" or "No
MultiSession" one press of TAB will take you to the "New" button,
as the long list of options which you can turn on or off is not
relevant to those burning conditions. 

D. TAB to "OK" and press ENTER.

E. Now press ALT E (for Edit) and then L (for Add Files) and
select the drives/folders/files you wish to be added to the
current partly filled CD (as described above).

F. After all files have been selected, TAB to "Open" and press
ENTER. 

G. Press ALT F (for File) and then W (for Write CD) and then TAB
through the various options, checking on or off the options you
wish to apply to your burning session, e.g. check "Simulation"
on by pressing the SPACEBAR on it if you would like to ensure
that a burn to CD will be successful before the program attempts
to do it, change the "Number of Copies" from 1 to however many
you would like, ARROW up and down the "Write Speed" levels and
leave focus on the one you want (as long as you know your CPU and
other hardware can cope with this speed). However, most of the
default selections will be OK for the majority of burning
situations. Then TAB to "Write" and press ENTER to start the
copying process.

H. When the burning has finished, press ENTER on "OK" and the
steps are then the same as in 1 K and L above.

7.17. Cloning or Copying One CD to Another

Copying the whole contents of one CD to another can be done "on
the fly", meaning directly from one CD drive to another, or by
first copying to the hard disk and then burning this image on the
hard disk to a CD in your CD-RW drive. Which way is best for you
depends on the type of CD-ROM and CD-RW drives you own and on
whether you are cloning audio (best via the hard disk) or data
files (OK to do on the fly), although you can successfully clone
any type of files/tracks by both means in many cases.

7.18. Burning/Cloning CDs on the Fly

1. You can do this either with the Nero Wizard, with the standard
New Compilation window or from the File Menu. Working with the
Wizard and the New Compilation methods have been covered in
similar situations above, so I will use the File Menu option with
the Nero Wizard checked off for this example.

2. Press ALT F (for File) and then D (for CD-Copy).

3. With earlier versions of Nero, you will be in a single sheet
tab and you will be on the list of CD drives on your computer.
The CD-ROM drive should have focus but if you wish to change this
to another drive, just use the ARROW up or down keys.

4. TAB to "Fast Copy (On the Fly)" and press the SPACEBAR to
check this on if it is not already on.

5. TAB to "Next" and press ENTER.

6. You must now select how you wish to burn the disk. So leave
the focus on "Test and Burn" if you wish to have the procedure
check before copying takes place or ARROW down once to"Burn" if
you are confident that the process will work and wish to half the
burning time.

7. TAB to "Write Speed" and ARROW up or down to the speed you
wish to have the CD written at. The slower the speed you burn at,
the less likely you will be to fall fowl of a writing error and
therefore waste a CD. Experiment with several settings until you
know how your own CD-ROM/CD-RW and CPU are able to perform
together.

8. Lastly, TAB to "Burn" and press ENTER to commence the
burning/copying. Note that if this is the first time you have
attempted to burn a CD at a particular speed using this method,
the software will realise this and automatically switch to
"Simulate" or "Test and Burn" mode to check that it is possible
to copy at the selected speed without spoiling a CD.

Note 1: With Nero 5.5X onwards, when you enter the burn dialogue
at step 3 above, you will instead be in a four sheet control tab.
You will be in the "Burn" sheet and can make several of the above
selections but you will have to CONTROL TAB to the other sheets
to make some of the other option selections, in particular the
"Copy Options" sheet before TABBING to the burn or copy button
to commence burning. Ensure that the "On the Fly", "Determine
Maximum Speed" and "Simulation" boxes are checked on for best
protection against failed copying. 

Note 2: Many older CD-ROMs are not of sufficient quality to
permit reliable audio (not data) burning. Nero possesses a CD-ROM
diagnosis feature but this is a purely visual test, so of little
or no use to blind users. 

7.19. Burning/Cloning CDs Via the Hard Disk

In most cases, you may prefer to clone one CD to another using
the to hard disk first method. There are many reasons for not
using the "on the fly" method, e.g. many older CD-ROMs cannot
extract audio (music) tracks fast enough to use the "on the fly"
option, some cannot recognise different sessions on a CD, some
will produce audio "jitter" which is a scratching or clicking
effect, etc. Audio jitter can be corrected using the hard disk
cloning procedure but not with the on the fly method. 

1. The steps are identical as in "Burning/Cloning CDs on the Fly"
in the last section, except that you would ensure that "Fast Copy
(On the Fly)" in step 4 was turned off.

2. If the dialogue which requests that you either "Save", "Print"
or "Discard" the log information appears, make your desired
choices.   

3. Note that in later versions of Nero, the above dialogue also
contains a "Automatically Shut Down the PC When Done" option. If
you check this on, after the CD is burnt but before using the
"Discard" button, the computer will shut of after 30 seconds. 

7.20. Burning Video Files with Nero

This tutorial, being for visually impaired people, does not go
into video burning in any great detail. The vast majority of VI
people (including myself) are able to benefit little from video
media. However, the process for burning video files is more or
less the same as for audio files. You just manually open a New
Compilation window (CONTROL N with the Nero Wizard off), ARROW
down to "Video-CD" (or "Super Video-CD" if you have Nero 5) and
then browse to the files on a CD in your CD-ROM or on your hard
disk as normal. You select them and then burn them as usual.

7.21. Erasing the Contents of a Re-Writable CD

You can delete the contents of a re-writable CD by:

1. With the CD in your CD-RW drive, press ALT R (for Cd-Recorder)
and then W (For Erase CD Rewritable).

2. TAB forward twice to a two choice listbox. You will be on
"Erase Entire CD". If you choose this you will get a complete
physical erasure of the whole CD which will take quite some time.
If you ARROW down to "Quickly Erase Entire CD", the job will be
done much quicker, although there is not a complete deleting,
rather files are renamed for over-writing--it would be possible
for someone to recover these files.

3. TAB to "Erase" and press ENTER to commence.

7.22. Making Whole Hard Disk or Partition Back-Ups with Nero

You can back-up your whole hard disk (onto one or more write-only
CDs), and then restore it on masse if you have a system crash,
some forme of corruption, etc. However, you will not be able to
restore individual files in this way. When you restore your
system, Nero will over-write everything on your hard disk. The
back-up is a cloning of your hard disk without any compression
taking place. You must be aware that it is the whole hard disk
or one of the whole partitions on it, i.e. all of the sectors on
that hard disk or individual partition, which have to be backed
up in their entirety, not just the operating system and data on
the hard disk. So, if your hard disk is 10 Gb in size and has
only one partition on it, the whole 10 Gb will have to be backed
up, perhaps taking around 15 CDs. This, of course, means that the
bigger hard disks get, the more impracticable this form of back
up becomes, unless Ahead soon come up with a back up and compress
ability.

To Create a back-up disk or disks:

1. With a Blank CD in the CD-RW drawer, Press ALT F (for File)
and then ARROW down to "Burn HD Backup" and press ENTER.

2. You will receive a warning that you must have at least 10 per
cent empty space on your hard disk to be able to proceed. If
yours has not, close down this procedure and delete some files
or an unimportant program until you reach this requirement. Then
return to this stage and press ENTER on the "Proceed" button.

3. Press TAB once to a listbox with two options: burn your hard
disk in a format other than FAT 32 or you can ARROW down to "FAT
32". Most modern hard disks will have been formatted in FAT 32
and almost all disks over 2.1 Mb will be formatted in FAT 32. 

4. TAB on to "OK" and press ENTER to finish this stage.

5. You now receive the standard burn dialogue box and will be on
the "HD Backup" option. You can press ENTER to start the
burn/backup or TAB through the various burning parameters to
change any of them if you wish, e.g. the speed of Burning,
whether to simulate a burn before doing it to check if it will
work, etc. 

6. Lastly, TAB to the "Write" button and press ENTER to commence
the burning and copying of your hard disk onto CDs.

7. If the back-up will go onto more than one CD, you will be
prompted by Nero to insert the next CD when required.

8. After the back-up has finished (which could take several
hours, depending on the size of your hard disk), you then receive
the normal dialogue asking you if you want to "Save", "Print",
"Discard", etc, the compilation details and parameters. Make your
choice and press ENTER.

Note 1: It is only advisable to back-up with Nero if you intend
to restore to the same PC/hard disk. Restoring to a different
hard disk, of a different size, with different partitions, sector
starting points, different file systems (FAT 16, FAT 32, etc),
is likely to result in problems.

Note 2: Be aware, The amount of CD space taken up after a back-up
is likely to be greater than the amount shown on your hard disk,
e.g. 620 Mb of OS/data on a hard disk would take up around 690
Mb of CD space.

7.23. Restoring Hard Disk Back-Ups

You can only restore a Nero hard disk back-up from pure DOS mode,
not from Windows or the MS DOS prompt in Windows. This means that
you may have to have a bootable CD-ROM or floppy disk containing
the standard bootable system files plus your CD-ROM or CD-RW
drive drivers, including your autoexec.bat, config.sys and
mscdex.exe files. For example, you can use your Windows 98 boot
disk as it should contain all of the essential files and drivers
(see the "Readme.TXT" file on the Win98 boot disk for more
information).

Obviously, unless you can see enough to use a monitor, you will
either require sighted help or a DOS screenreader to be able to
follow the procedure for a DOS restoration. Do this by:

Note: If your computer has not crashed and you simply want to
over-write your hard disk with a fresh copy of what was
originally on it, you can skip steps 1 and 2 and go straight to
step 3.

1. With Windows 98, place your system boot disk in the A: drive,
then switch your computer on and allow the system files to copy
over (which they will do automatically), then keep pressing ENTER
until all of the Cd drivers and the ramdrive have been set up.
Floppy disk activity will fail to take place when you press ENTER
as soon as all of the necessary files have been copied over, so
listen so that you can tell when this has been achieved.  If the
generic CD-ROm drivers do not work, you will have to use the DOS
driver disk which came with your CD drive.

2. If you are using Windows 95, you will have to install some
form of generic CD driver or, again, use the driver which came
with your CD drive, as a Windows 95 system boot disk does not
carry CD drivers.

3. Next insert your back-up CD into the CD-ROM or CD-RW drive and
change to that drive, e.g. by typing "d:", and then type:

nrestore.exe

and press ENTER to start the process.

4. You now type the initial letter of the language you wish to
continue in, e.g. "e" for English. 

5. With the ARROW keys or by pressing the drive letter of the
drive your back-up CD is in, e.g. D or E,  (or whatever method
your DOS screenreader permits), select the source drive for your
back-up, i.e. the drive your back-up CD is in.

6. You are now asked to select the drive letter where your hard
disk is for over-writing, e.g. typically your C: drive, so either
ARROW to this and press ENTER or press the letter C to achieve
this. If this does not work, try pressing the number of the main
partition to back up to, e.g. "1", then press enter, if you only
have one hard disk partition on your PC, i.e. the C: drive.  

7. The restoring may take several minutes, depending on the
amount to be restored and you will be asked for any second or
third CDback-up disks if there are more than one in the back-up
series. There is a countdown of the percentage of the restore
that has been completed at any time at the bottom of the screen.

8. After the restoration, you must reboot your PC.

Note: I have tried this Nero back-up and restore feature and it
worked OK on my computer. However, the first time I restored with
it (directly over the old data on the hard disk without
formatting it) the system was not entirely running correctly
afterwards, so I formatted my hard disk (format c:/s) and then
used the Nero restore again. This time it functioned fine
afterwards. It is best to ensure that no programs are running
during the back-up, as these might not be backed-up properly if
running or they may be restored at a slightly different address
on your hard disk than the one they originated at. For example,
as you will have no choice but to have your screenreader running
whilst backing-up, it is possible that any Start Menu or Desktop
shortcut you had to it will not work. Your screenreader may now
be at a different address but all you have to do is delete the
old shortcut to it and then make a new shortcut in the normal
way.

7.24. Viewing and Entering Album and Tracks Details from Your
Local Hard Disk Database (CDDB)

A compact disk database (CDDB) is a library of CD titles and
track titles for those CDs, plus several other optional CD facts.
In order for the Nero databases to be automatically accessed when
you burn, save, etc, you must set several preferences. However,
this is not essential, as you can always place entries into the
user or program databases manually later if you prefer (see
below). The CDDB database is only available in Nero Version 5X,
not Version 4. The preferences to set for automatic prompting for
CD title, artist, year of CD release, etc, are:

1. Press ALT F (for File), F (for Preferences) and then press
CONTROL TAB until you reach the "Database" property sheet. 

2. There are two main database options you can TAB through in
here and have checked on or off, i.e. "Program Database Path" and
"User Database Path". If they are on, you will be asked for
details to update your databases each time you insert an
unregistered CD into your CD drive. If left unchecked, this will
not happen, but you can still enter CD details manually if you
like (see the two headings immediately below).

3. The most likely of these two databases you might like to check
on is the "User Database Path". If you do this, you will be
given, on the next line, the path to the "Userdb" file, which is
the name Nero gives to the user database. If this path is not
correct, just backspace it out and type the correct path in.

4. TAB through the rest of the options and note that you can
change when the user database is automatically loaded in by
checking or unchecking the appropriate boxes.

5. When finished, TAB to "OK" and press ENTER.

6. Now, at the stage in creating a new compilation where you
normally press ALT E and then L (just before you give the "Burn"
instruction, the database(s) will load and ask for CD title,
artist name, etc. If these editfields are completed, these facts
will be saved to your user database.

7.24.1. Creating Your Own CDDB Database

The program database supplied on the installation disk can be
updated whenever you like from the internet. You would therefore
not want to place your own album details in this, as, if updated
again from the Internet, they would be over-written and lost. You
can therefore create your own separate CDDB for your personal use
by:

1. Press ALT X (for Extras) and then C (for Create a New User
Database).

2. You then have to navigate to where you would like the database
creating, e.g.:

C:\Program Files\Ahead\Nero\

or wherever you prefer.
3. Now TAB to "OK" and press ENTER. You will be told that Nero
is creating a new database and after a short while that it has
succeeded.

4. TAB to "No" to finish without opening the new database.

5. If you now go into the Extras menu (ALT X), you will now find
that "Open User CD Database" and "Open User Title Database" are
enabled, whereas before they were disabled. Pressing ENTER on
either of these enables you to search for album or title details
in the "Search For" editfield you land in. Of course, the
database will be empty at this stage. You have to complete the
details of each CD you burn or simply want to label into the
database as you create it, either at this stage, manually, or
have the database completed automatically after you type details
in at the burn or save stage (see above).

6. The user database holds CD details arranged by "Artist" or
"Title" and you can choose which to view CD album and tracks in.
there is and "Add CD" button which, if you press ENTER on it,
will go to the CD inserted in your CD drive and automatically
take any information from that CD or let you register the CD on
the database and complete the details. You can also use the
"edit" option to change any information. There are two lists you
can TAB to, the first being a list of CD titles and the second
a list of the individual tracks on that CD. There are control
tabs for each letter of the alphabet which, when you have TABBED
to one of them, you can ARROW right and left through to seek CD
information with that initial letter. The 27th tab will hold
information for CD titles or tracks which begin with a figure
rather than a letter. Your version of Nero may also contain a
"Sort By" control which you can ARROW up or down in to get a
given alphabetical list of tracks or artists.

7.24.2. Configuring the Program Database

Your Nero 5X (not Version 4) installation CD should contain a
zipped file called "CDDB.ZIP" which contains a downloaded version
of the FREECDDB Internet database, which you can use and also
update from the Internet from time to time. Keep this separate
from your own personal user database (see above). If you want
access to this vast library of CD details, you will have to unzip
this CDDB.ZIP file (which is at d:\freecddb\cddb.zip) and place
it in a folder on your hard disk, e.g.: 

c:\Program Files\Ahead\Nero\CDDB

after first creating the "CDDB" sub-folder in Windows, as normal.

You then have to:

1. Press ALT X (for Extras) and then I (for Import CDDB
Database).

2. Navigate/browse to where the unzipped CDDB database was copied
and open the file.

3. TAB to "OK" and press ENTER.

4. Nero will tell you that it is creating and configuring the
database and this may take quite some time.

5. As with the user database described in the previous sub-
section, you will now find that the second and third options in
the Extras menu are now available to you.

6. At any time you can download an updated CDDB album database
from the Internet to over-write your old one from:

http://freecddbfreecddb.org

But be warned that this may take up to a day to download if you
do not have a broad band Internet connection.

7. As with a user database, you can add to, edit, search through,
etc, CD and track details in the program database (see 7 above).

Note: The program CDDB database will require over 300 Mb of hard
disk space. If you have to download it because it is not on your
installation CD or want to download an update, the download and
new configuration will take several hours, if not a whole day.
It contains over 100,000 cd albums and is a download of over 30
Mb. 

7.25. Manually Entering and Viewing Text of CD Tracks and Artists
Details

If your CD-RW supports this, you can manually type CD tracks and
artists details onto a CD you are about to burn so that they can
then be read and displayed by CD-ROM drives and audio players
directly from the inserted CD. This is a different thing to what
you are doing in the above database sections. Your CDCD-RW must
also support and be using the "Disk-at-Once" writing method
(press ALT R, R and view the CD-RW information contained here,
which will tell you if Disk-at-Once is supported or not). You can
enter text to an audio CD to be contained on the disk itself by:

1.  If the New Compilation window is not on screen, press ALT N
(for New Compilation) to bring it up. You will have to close the
Nero Wizard to do this by checking it off in the Help Menu or
just pressing ESCAPE when it loads in.

2. You will be on the data copying (ISO) option, so ARROW down
to "Audio-CD.

3.    Now press TAB until "Title" is spoken and then type the
title you want for the CD in here.

4. Press TAB once to "Artist" and enter the name of the group or
individual musician.

5. TAB again to "Copyright" and, if you created the music to be
placed on the CD you are burning, put your copyright details in
here; otherwise, leave it blank.

6. Continue to TAB through the editfields, completing any
appropriate boxes. If you are unsure of what is required in a
field, just leave it blank or press F1 to hear what it is for,
followed by ESCAPE to return to where you were.

7. Eventually, TAB to "Write CD Text on CD" and press SPACEBAR
to check this on.

8. Lastly, TAB to the "New" button and press ENTER to open the
Audio 1 compilation window to select and burn tracks as normal
but this time with the text being burnt to the beginning of the
CD as well.

9. If your CD-rw does not support the burning of CD text, you
will be informed of this and given the opportunity of continuing
the CD copying without the text. Obviously, there is no point in
you using the CD text facility again if this happens.

10. You can also enter CD text information about individual
tracks and there artists names, etc, after you have created an
audio CD compilation. Do this, with the audio compilation on
screen, by pressing ALT F (for File) and then I (for CD
Information) and then TAB through and complete the editfields.
You may have to open each editfield by left clicking on it.
Again, remember, that Disk-at-Once mode must be checked on. If
no editfields are available for completion, then your CD-RW does
not support Text information.

11. To view CD text details, press ALT R (for CD-Recorder) and
then press S (for Save Track" but such information will only be
available if your CD-RW supports Text entry.

7.26. Viewing Sessions and Files with the Nero Multimounter

You can use the Nero multimounter, which is installed when the
program is installed, to view and access all sessions and files
recorded on a multi-session CD. 

1. Launch Nero and press the ESCAPE key a few times to get rid
of the Wizard or ISO window.

2. Press ALT V (For View) and then F (for New File Browser).

3. You can now ARROW up and down your full range of drives and
leave focus on the CD drive which your multi-session CD is
inserted into.

4. Now you press TAB to reveal what is on the CD and can ARROW
to a session you wish to view and either press ENTER on it to
open it up or press TAB to achieve this. 

5. Whilst in here, you can not only view sessions and their
contents but also select files or tracks to perform an action on.

7.27. What to do if Your CD-RW Drive is Not Automatically
Recognised by Nero

It is unlikely that Nero will fail to recognise your CD-RW drive
but if it does you can try to remedy this via the "AutoDetect CD-
ROM" feature, as follows:

1. With Nero running, press ALT R (for CD-Recorder) and then A
(for AutoDetect CD-ROM).

2. TAB through the options and Arrow to the type of CD-RW you
have, e.g. SCSI or IDE.

3. TAB to "Identify" and press ENTER. If this doesn't work, you
will have to contact the supplier or Ahead support for
assistance. You can also go to the Ahead Website and download the
most up-to-date "CD-ROM.CFG" file, which contains the CD-RWs
which Nero can recognise,  to copy over your current one. There
site is at:

www.ahead.de

Please note that from Nero 6.0 the Nero makers have been claiming
that their latest auto-detect technology incorporated in the Nero
program should automatically detect and be able to use any CD-
RW/DVD-RW drive made since 1997 by any manufacturer.

7.28. Nero Preferences

To view or make changes to customise some of Nero's main
functions and preferences you can:

1. Press ESCAPE to get out of the Nero wizard or ISO compilation
window and then press ALT F (for File), followed by F (for
Preferences).

2. You will come into anything from a five to a nine property
sheet multi-dialogue box, depending on your version of Nero. Some
of the main features in here are:

A. The "General" sheet: The first few controls are to do with
Nero's various coloured level indicator markers. These are visual
markers and you will probably not be able to see them, so, as
they are not essential, you will more than likely want to leave
these alone--particularly as it is possible that, if you make
your screenreader read the markers line or Status Bar during a
burn, you may cause the copying to be corrupted. The "Start with
File Browser" is checked on by default and you may wish to leave
this as it is or check it off, depending on your likes and your
screenreader's ability to tell you what is happening with the
browser on--experiment with off and on for yourself (in later
versions of Nero the Browser option has its own property sheet,
see H below). If your copy of Nero has a "Start With New
Compilation" option, you may wish to press SPACEBAR on this to
turn it off for less screen congestion. 

B. The "Cache" sheet: Note that the default caching location is
c:\windows\temp. This can be changed by BACKSPACING and typing
another path in but is probably best left where it is. The
"Minimum Disk Space Reserved" option allows you to type in a
smaller or larger hard disk cache in megabytes. Increasing this
may speed up your burning and should make a problem-free burn
more likely but takes up more space on your hard disk. If you
press ENTER on the "Test All Drives" button you will discover the
copying speeds of all of your drives and be able to place your
cache on the hard disk which is the fastest, if you have more
than one. The size of the cache only affects data burning.

C. The "Language" sheet: This permits you to change the language
which Nero is displayed in and also the "Choose Font" option
permits you to change the type, colour and size of the font it
uses on screen.

D. The "Sounds" sheet: This is where, if your screenreader does
not automatically read out some of the messages you get on
screen, you can have it give you specific musical sounds to
indicate what has happened, e.g. Checking all three of the
controls in here will provide a trumpet sound to let you know
that your burn was successful, a boo sound to let you know if it
was unsuccessful and a dingdong sound to tell you to place a CD
in the CD drawer.

E. The "Expert Features" sheet: Here is where you can enable
"over-burning" of CD disks but this is not recommended--see the
warnings and conditions which Nero provides in this property
sheet. The concept of over-burning does not mean that this has
to be enabled for Nero to be able to copy to larger than 74
minute/650 Mb disks--it can do this anyway. It means that you are
trying to get Nero to squeeze more burning space out of any size
disk you are using, e.g. trying to get two or three more minutes
space out of a standard 74 minute disk. 

F. The "Database" sheet (only available in Nero 5X): This lets
you activate automatic loading of one or both of two CD details
databases (see "Viewing and Entering Album and Tracks Details
from Your Local Hard Disk Database (CDDB)" Above).

G. The "Buffer" or "Ultra Buffer" sheet (only available in Nero
5X): The size of the buffer you have in RAM memory can determine
the reliability of your burns. Mine was set at 20 Mb but if you
have plenty of RAM, you could set it to, say, 80 Nb as I have now
don on my computer but you should not exceed 40 per cent of your
total memory or 80 Mb. My RAM is 256 MB. Otherwise, if you are
unsure, leave it on its current setting or on "Auto". If you find
that you are getting buffer underruns at higher copying speeds,
increasing the buffer level may overcome this problem. Having
said this, in the last couple of years, with modern Cd drives and
burning software, buffer underruns are increasingly unlikely,
because the technology now incorporates "burn proofing".

H. The "File Browser" sheet (only set up in this way in Nero 5.5X
or later): In here you might like to uncheck the "Start with File
Browser" option to avoid screen clutter if you do not use this
browser for selecting folders and files for pasting into the
Compilation window.

I. The "Dialogues" sheet (only available in Nero 5.5X or later):
You are not likely to want to change anything in here. 

Note: To be able to view all of the details and changes in the
above property sheets you may have to go into navigation or mouse
     mode.

7.29. An Alternative Method of Selecting Files or Whole Folders
for Burning with Windows Explorer

Another interesting way you can burn files to a Cd, DD CD or DVD
with Nero is by first selecting individual files or whole
directories/folders of files with Windows Explorer or My Computer
using normal Windows highlighting/selecting methods and then
copying these to the Clipboard. After this you launch Nero and
then burn them using the standard Nero Wizard. You would do this
by:

1. Launch Windows Explorer as usual by pressing WINDOWS LOGO KEY
AND E.

2. Highlight the individual files or the whole folder of such
files you wish to burn on your hard disk or on a CD using
standard selecting methods, e.g. by holding the SHIFT key down
as you ARROW past the consecutive files or folders you want to
burn or hold down the CONTROL key and press SPACEBAR on the non-
consecutive files or folders you would like to burn. If you want
to use this method to burn the whole of the contents of a disk
in your D: drive to a blank disk in your E: drive, in a similar
way to cloning/copying a whole disk, just press CONTROL A at this
stage to select everything on the disk.

3. Next copy your selections to the Clipboard by pressing CONTROL
C.

4. Now launch Nero as normal and, using the Nero Wizard, go
through the usual steps up to the "Finish" button. 

5. After pressing ENTER on the "Finish" button in the Wizard do
not do anything more, i.e. do not press any ARROW or any other
keys, otherwise things will not work properly.

6. What you must do immediately now is press CONTROL V to paste
the files or folders with their contents into the compilation
window. Your screenreader may echo that this is taking place.

7. If you are burning audio tracks, you will now be able to ARROW
up and down the list of tracks and can use standard cut, copy and
paste shortcuts to move tracks to different positions in your
audio compilation or get some of them duplicated if you like.
However, this re-arranging of files is not possible if you are
burning data files or MP3 files.


8. If you ARROW to the very top of your folders or files list,
you will come onto the "New" editfield. This is, in fact, the CD
title or what is known as the volume label. If you want to change
this to something more meaningful, when it has focus, just press
the F2 key to open up the editfield and then type your new CD
title in, e.g. Music Disk 1, and press ENTER.

9. You now burn the files or folders as usual by pressing ALT F
(for File) and then W (for Write CD) and wait for the process to
complete. 

Note: This method of burning files (with the exception of that
outlined above in "Burning Data Files via the File Browser",
which works for data files only,not for audio files) is the only
procedure I have found which will permit you to burn whole
directories/folders of files or tracks and any sub-folders and
files within them, in a non-drag-and-drop fashion.

7.30. Creating a CD from a .ISO File

If you receive a file with a .ISO extension, you can copy it to
CD by:

1. Launch Nero with the Nero Wizard running, ensure that "CD" is
selected and press ENTER.

2. ARROW to "Compile a New CD" and press ENTER.

3. ARROW to "Other CD Formats" and press ENTER.

4. ARROW to "Create a CD from an Image file" and press ENTER.

5. Press ENTER on "Finish".

6. In the Open dialogue which appears, either type into the
editfield you are in the precise path and filename of your .ISO
file or SHIFT TAB back to "Look In" and navigate to the .ISO file
in question and press ENTER.

7. Press ENTER on "Burn" to commence the burning to CD.   

7.31. The Nero Help System

1. Context Sensitive Help: When you are on a menu option or in
a dialogue box, pressing F1 will often provide context sensitive
help but not always. Similarly, pressing F1 in a given window
will advise you of what that window or browser does.

2. Help topics: You can open the full on-disk Nero manual by
pressing ALT H (for Help( and then H again (for Help Topics). The
"books" you can ARROW down mostly have sub-books or topics in
them, so pressing right ARROW will open this tree structure up.
Pressing ENTER on one of these topics will then open the text and
it should be read to you. If it is not, pressing F6 may help or
you may have to go into mouse mode to read it. To hear the next
screen of text press the PAGE DOWN key and use PAGE UP to move
back a screen. You press ESCAPE to leave the help text and re-
enter it if you wish to hear more help topics.

3. Index Help: Nero also has the typical Windows-type of index
searchable help. Again you press ALT H and then H again but then
you press CONTROL TAB to move to the index editfield, where you
type the word or words you wish to find. Then TAB once to the
list of possible topics found, ARROW up and down them and press
ENTER on any one to have it opened and displayed. You also press
ESCAPE to leave this type of help.

Note: The Index feature did not seem to work properly on my copy
of Nero, so, unless I have a faulty CD, I think the reason may
be that this feature actually uses PDF files, which are not very
accessible to many screenreaders.

4. Readable files on the Nero installation CD: There are several
.txt (Notepad) and .doc (Ms Word) files on the Nero CD plus an
Acrobat reader and several .pdf files. These can particularly be
found in:

D:\nero\manuals\eng\

but there are several others elsewhere. Use Windows Find to
discover more.

7.32. Nero Features Not Covered in this Manual

Some capabilities which Nero has but which have not been
demonstrated in this tutorial, either because they are less
likely to be usable by visually impaired people or because they
are minority features or cannot be accessed via the keyboard and
screenreaders are:

1. HFS CDs (Apple Mac formatting.

2. Hybrid CDs (Apple Mac and IBM clone formats mixed).

3. UDF CDs (for very large file sizes to go onto more than one
Cd or DVD). Nero can burn UDF formats but does not have full
support for them.

4. CD-ROM boot disks. You can make one of these on a floppy disk
from within Windows.

5. Mixed mode disks. There appears to be no way of creating a
mixed mode CD by use of the keyboard. You can only do this if you
are able to see sufficiently to use drag and drop. In this case,
the hard copy and online manuals instruct you on how to do this. 

6. A number of more exotic and less frequently used hybrid CDs
with mixed file systems.

7.33. Nero Burning-ROM Shortcut Keys

Press ALT AND ENTER: To obtain a readout of the properties of any
particular file, program, drive letter, etc, which currently has
focus.

Press ALT F4: To shut Nero down.

Press ESCAPE: To leave the compilation window, e.g. the ISO or
Nero Wizard window, and obtain access to the menu bar. ESCAPE
also closes Nero online Help Topics.

Press F1: To obtain context-sensitive help in many situations.

Press F5: To refresh the screen if the view seems to be
irregular.

Press CONTROL A: To select all of the files or tracks in a
particular folder.

Press CONTROL E: To eject a CD from the drawer.

Press CONTROL F: To search files in the current active
compilation by such as title, artist, etc.

Press CONTROL F4: To close one of the open compilation windows
if you have more than one open and do not need it.

Press CONTROL I: To reveal information about the CD currently
inserted in the CD drive.

Press CONTROL N: To open a new ISO or Nero Wizard compilation
window.

Press CONTROL O: To open an already created and saved compilation
template file.

Press CONTROL P: To send what is on the screen to your printer.

Press CONTROL R: To open the CD Recorder dialogue box to choose
between burning from CD-ROM to CD-RW and burning from CD-RW to
an image and then back to the CD-RW drive.

Press CONTROL S: To save a new compilation template or resave an
amended template over the old one. 

The standard Windows editing commands of cut, copy, paste and
undo are also available. 

                           ********

                          >SECTION 8

                NERO MEDIA PLAYER VERSION 1.103

8.1. Introduction

Well, having burnt some CDs, you are likely to want to play them.
You can, of course, use any of dozens of players, such as your
car or stereo HI-FI system, Windows Media Player, Winamp,
RealPlayer, etc, but newer versions of Nero come with their own
basic audio player called Nero Media Player. It can play .WAV,
MP3 and several other file types from compact disks, from your
hard disk and from the Internet.

8.2. System Requirements

To run Nero Media Player you will need:

1. A Pentium 90 or better--presumably a Pentium 120 if you are
running a screenreader.

2. 16 Mb of RAM.

3. 8 Mb of spare hard disk space.

4. Windows 95, 98 or NT4.

5. A sound card.

6. A supported CD-RW drive.

8.3. Installation

The media player installation is straightforward, as follows:

1. With the Windows Run option or Windows Explorer, run the
setup.exe file, which is on the installation disk at:

d:\Player\setup.exe

2. The install shield wizard loads in and you come onto a welcome
screen. Press ENTER as you are on the "Next" button.

3. Now you get the licence agreement, so press TAB to "Yes" and
press ENTER.

4. The program will install into the folder:

c:\Program Files\Ahead\Nero Media Player\Nero Media Player.exe

5. TAB to "Next" and press ENTER to commence the installation,
which will only take a minute or two. 

6. You will be asked if you want to reboot your Pc and be on the
"Yes" button, so press ENTER to do this.

8.4. Launching Nero Media Player

To start the Media Player running you would press Windows Logo
key, then P (for Programs), then N a few times (for Nero Media
Player) and, lastly, press the ENTER key.

The window view which loads in is not very screenreader-friendly.
It uses a typical (but simplified) default Winamp screen and file
menu system. Therefore, if you know how to use Winamp, you know
how to use most of Nero's Media Player. 

8.5. File Types Media Player can play

Version 1.103 of the Media Player can play WAV, audio CD, CDA,
M3U, MP3, PLS and VQF files. If you wish, you can make Media
Player the default player for any or all of these audio file
formats. 

8.6. The Nero Media Player Menu System

Nero Media Player has a simple initial one menu menu bar. Just
press the ALT key to enter this.

2. Up and down ARROW through the menu list and note that, other
than the "Nero Media Player!" option, it is very similar to a
typical Windows Control Menu. It has the screen maximised as its
default.

3. Press ENTER on the "Nero Media Player!" option to open another
single menu list.

4. ARROW through all of the features in this second menu list.
Some of them have sub-menus and dialogue boxes of there own. This
should give you some idea of Media Player's features and
shortcuts.

Note: If you wish to go directly to this second menu, you can do
so via the Context Menu by pressing SHIFT F10 and then ARROWING
up and down the options and pressing ENTER on any one of them.

8.7. Playing Single or Multiple Audio Files

To Play a HI-FI or MP3 music or speech file:

1. Launch Media Player as above or from your Desktop if you have
placed a shortcut there.  

2. Press ALT, ARROW down once and press ENTER followed by
ARROWing down once more and again Pressing ENTER to bring up the
"PlayList" dialogue box. Now you have to tell Media Player where
to find an audio file to play. This could be on a CD disk in your
CD-ROM drive or in a folder on your hard disk, for example. 

3. You will fall in the "Filename" text box. Just TAB forward to
"Files of Type" and ARROW up and down these to see the types of
audio files Media Player can play. Choose the type of file
extension appropriate to the type of file you want to play,
otherwise leave it on "All Supported Files". 

4. Next SHIFT TAB back three times to a list of your drives and
main folders. ARROW to your C drive if you know where there is
an audio file on there to play and navigate to it in the normal
way; otherwise, with a CD of HI-FI music tracks or MP3 files,
ARROW to your D or E drive, wherever the disk is inserted.

5. TAB forward once to the list of files in the hard disk folder
or on the Cd and place focus on the track you would like to hear,
then highlight it with CONTROL SPACEBAR. 

6. You are now set to hear the file, so TAB to "Open" and press
ENTER to activate it.  The file will commence playing.  

7. If you go back into the PlayList, you will find that the path
to the file you have just played is remembered and retained by
Media Player, so you could easily hear more audio files from
here, if any more exist.

8. In 5 above, if you had of wanted to hear all of the tracks on
a CD or in a folder, you could have pressed CONTROL A to
highlight them all for playing rather than just putting focus on
one track. You could have also highlighted specific non-
contiguous tracks for playing by holding the CONTROL key down
whilst ARROWING through the tracks and pressing the SPACEBAR on
those tracks you wish to hear. 

9. The keys on the left side of the bottom row on the keyboard
allow you to manoeuvre whilst a track is playing as follows:

Press z: To jump to the Previous track.

Press X: To play/restart/unpause a track.

Press C: To pause and unpause a track.

Press V: to stop playing a track.

Press B: To jump to the next track.

9. When you have finished with Media Player, press ALT F4 to exit
the program.

8.8. Playing MP3 Tracks from the Internet

If you know of any specific MP3 files, either songs, news files,
spoken tutorials, etc, you can be taken online and have them
played to you. Do this by:

1. Press CONTROL L to enter the "locations" dialogue.

2. Type in the URL (Website address and filename) of the MP3 file
you wish to hear, e.g.:

http://www.mp3.com/albatross.mp3.

3. TAB to the "Open" button and press ENTER.

4. You will be taken onto the Net via your default Internet
browser, e.g. Internet Explorer,  and the file will be played. 

8.9. Playing Streaming Audio Radio from the Internet

If you want to hear a continuous radio station on the Internet:

1. Launch Media Player.

2. Press CONTROL L and type in the editfield the radio station's
location address, e.g.:

http://166.90.143.149:10998

and press ENTER.

3. You will hear the Radio Caroline radio station from this
location, after a short delay whilst the audio fills Media
Player's buffer.

8.10. Making Personal Tone Changes in The Media Player Graphic
Equalizer

To make personal adjustments in bass and treble of a sound file:

1. You should be able to press CONTROL G but this did not work
when I tried it. Therefore, if it doesn't work for you, press
ALT, ARROW down once and press ENTER.

2. Then ARROW down again to "Equalizer" and press ENTER.

3. The graphics equalizer is pretty rudimentary and you may not
get any accurate speech feedback whilst making changes. To reduce
the effect of the equalizer, press the up ARROW key several
times; down ARROW increases it. 

4. Now press ESCAPE to leave the equalizer. You may only be able
to check what change you have made by going back into the
equalizer dialogue box to hear the setting which is now
displayed. At the time you are making the change, the new value
may not get echoed in speech.

5. Now press C to recommence playing of your sound file if you
paused it. 

6. Whether or not these equaliser adjustments make much
difference to the tone of the sound you are playing will very
much depend on the quality of your sound card and speakers.  

8.11. Media Player Preferences

You can observe and make changes to Media Player's default
preferences but, from a screenreader point of view, many of these
changes make no difference, as the screen remains largely
inaccessible. To see what is in here:

1. Press CONTROL P or SHIFT F10 and ARROW to "Options" to enter
the preferences sheet.

2.  You can TAB through and have the Media Player minimised to
the System Tray if you like, have tool tips on or off, have
tracks fade in or out over a given number of seconds (just press
SPACEBAR to check fading on and type the number of seconds fade
you would like up to a maximum of 9 in the editfield on the next
line), etc. 

3. When finished, TAB to "Close" and press ENTER.

8.12.  The Media Player Context Menu

You can bring up a Context Menu of most of the more common
commands to perform on a track/file by:

1. Go into the PlayList by pressing ALT, ARROW down once, press
ENTER and then ARROW down again and press ENTER on "Play List".

2. SHIFT TAB to the files/tracks list and lace the focus on one
of the sound or speech files and highlight it by pressing CONTROL
SPACEBAR.

3. Press SHIFT F10 to open the Context Menu for that file.

4. Now ARROW up and down the various options. Many of the
commands are obvious but some of the less obvious things you can
do on the selected file are in the following options:

A. "Open With": This command allows you to choose from many
programs to open your file with. If the file is an MP3 file, you
will, of course, have to select an MP3 playing program. If you
check the "Always Use This Program . . ." box, only the program
you chose above will be able to open such a file in future. It
is probably not a good idea to do this therefore, as you may
disable other MP3 players from playing files with an .MP3
extension. 

B. "Add to ZIP": This launches Winzip (if you have it) and
permits you to convert the file to a .zip file, possibly for
later uploading to the Internet.

C. "Send To": This has a sub-menu which permits you do perform
operations such as sending the file to a floppy disk, to the
clipboard, to your Desktop as a shortcut, to someone as an
attachment by e-mail, etc.  

8.13. Sending an MP3 File as an E-Mail Attachment

As mentioned above (in option C), you can send a music or speech
file as an e-mail attachment. After performing the above steps
your e-mail client, e.g. Outlook Express, Netscape, Eudora, etc,
will automatically load and you will be at the "To:" field. Just
complete the e-mail headers as normal. The "Subject:" line will
already be completed for you. The MP3 file will be automatically
attached as usual. You need only TAB to the message body field
and type in your accompanying message before sending it to the
recipients in the normal way.

Warning: Sound files can be very large and may therefore take a
long time to up load and download. If the recipient does not want
the file you send, he/she may not be very happy that you made
them run up their phone bill downloading it.

8.14. Nero Media Player Shortcut keys

Press F1: To get context sensitive help but you have to have the
"Nero Media Player.hlp" file installed.  

Press F4: To exit the Media Player.

Press z: To jump to the Previous track.

Press X: To play/restart/unpause a track.

Press C: To pause and unpause a track.

Press V: to stop playing a track.

Press B: To jump to the next track.

Press ALT G: To toggle the Graphic Equalizer window on and off.

Press CONTROL L: to open the "Play Location" dialogue box to play
a sound file or radio station from the Internet.

Press CONTROL P: To enter the preferences property sheet.

Press CONTROL T: to toggle on and off time elapsed and remaining
for the current track.

                           ********

                          >APPENDIX 1

                    AHEAD SUPPORT FOR NERO

For support, enquiries or technical problems you can contact the
makers of Nero, who are called Ahead. They are at:

E-mail: support@ahead.de

Fax: ++49 724 8911888

Website: www.ahead.de

Note: The Ahead support e-mail facility only elicits an automatic
response from a computer, not from a person. It tells you to go
to their Website and look up answers to your problem/question
there. If you cannot find what you want, there is said to be an
e-mail link on the Website which you can use to send an e-mail
which will reach a member of staff. 

Other e-mail contact points are:

sales@nero.com

suggestions@nero.com

                           ********

                          >APPENDIX 2

               LIST OF NERO SHORTCUT KEYSTROKES

1. Nero Burning-ROM

Press ALT AND ENTER: To obtain a readout of the properties of any
particular file, program, drive letter, etc, which currently has
focus.

Press ALT F4: To shut Nero down.

Press ESCAPE: To leave the compilation window, e.g. the ISO or
Nero Wizard window, and obtain access to the menu bar. ESCAPE
also closes Nero online Help Topics.

Press F1: To obtain context-sensitive help in many situations.

Press F5: To refresh the screen if the view seems to be
irregular.

Press CONTROL A: To select all of the files or tracks in a
particular folder.

Press CONTROL E: To eject a CD from the drawer.

Press CONTROL F: To search files in the current active
compilation by such as title, artist, etc.

Press CONTROL F4: To close one of the open compilation windows
if you have more than one open and do not need it.

Press CONTROL I: To reveal information about the CD currently
inserted in the CD drive.

Press CONTROL N: To open a new ISO or Nero Wizard compilation
window.

Press CONTROL O: To open an already created and saved compilation
template file.

Press CONTROL P: To send what is on the screen to your printer.

Press CONTROL R: To open the CD Recorder dialogue box to choose
between burning from CD-ROM to CD-RW and burning from CD-RW to
an image on your hard disk and then back to the CD-RW drive.

Press CONTROL S: To save a compilation template or resave an
amended template. 

The standard Windows editing commands of cut, copy, paste and
undo are also available. 

2. Nero Media Player

Press F1: To get context sensitive help but you have to have the
"Nero Media Player.hlp" file installed.  

Press F4: To exit the Media Player.

Press z: To jump to the Previous track.

Press X: To play/restart/unpause a track.

Press C: To pause and unpause a track.

Press V: to stop playing a track.

Press B: To jump to the next track.

Press ALT G: To toggle the Graphic Equalizer window on and off.

Press CONTROL L: to open the "Play Location" dialogue box to play
a sound file or radio station from the Internet.

Press CONTROL P: To enter the preferences property sheet.

Press CONTROL T: to toggle on and off time elapsed and remaining
for the current track.

                           ********

                          >APPENDIX 3

                OTHER TUTORIALS BY THIS AUTHOR

All of the below titles are available as plain text files as
downloads from my Website at:

http://web.onetel.com/~fromthekeyboard

Tutorial titles and brief descriptions

1. "Accessing the Internet from the Keyboard", Volume 1, covering
Web and e-mail protocols, Web Search engines, navigating the
Internet with Internet Explorer 5.0/5.5/6.0, e-mailing with
Outlook Express 5.0/5.5/6.0, Downloading files and programs from
the Net, using a range of Internet search engines, Joining
Internet newsgroups with Free Agent 1.92, configuration and hints
and tips for screenreader users, and much more.

2. "Accessing the Internet from the Keyboard", Volume 2, covering
hints and customisation, Download Managers, Online Auctions,
Internet
Chat Rooms, RealAudio, Internet Shopping and Internet Banking.

3. A selection of separate and individual manuals instructing
visually impaired people how to use off-the-shelf print
scanning/reading programs via screenreaders and the keyboard,
including TextBridge Pro 98, TextBridge Pro 9 and Millennium,
Omnipage Pro 10, 11 and 12, ReadIRIS Pro 6, TypeReader Pro 6 and
Abby FineReader Pro 5, 6 and 7. Each scanner tutorial is an
independent manual in its own right. For example, the titles of
the principal two of these scanner tutorials are entitled: "Using
OmniPage Pro 10, 11 and 12 from the Keyboard to Scan Print" and
"Using FineReader Pro 5, 6 and 7 from the Keyboard to Scan
Print". 

4. "Audio Playing, Copying and Sound Editing From the Keyboard",
Edition 1. This covers Easy CD Creator 4, Sound forge 4.5,
Windows Media Player 6, Windows Recorder, Winamp 2.72,
Freerip.mp3, RealPlayer 8 Basic, and much more.

5. "Audio Playing, Copying and Sound Editing From the Keyboard",
Edition 2. This covers Winamp 5.0X, GoldWave audio editor 5.06,
CDEX ripper 1.51, Basics of burning with Nero 5.5 and much more
introductory and general sound-related information.

6. "Nero Burning-ROM Versions 4,5 and 5.5 from the Keyboard"
(includes Nero INCD 3.3 and Nero Media Player). This covers
burning of data and audio CDs and DVDs withe Nero Burning-ROM and
the Nero Wizard, Saving and reopening compilation templates,
Using Nero online help, burning/cloning whole hard disks and
partitions to CD or DVD, converting MP3 files to other formats,
a good deal of specific configuration and general information on
CD and DVD burning drives and CD and DVD disks, using Windows
Volume Control, and much more.

7. "Nero Burning-ROM 6 Ultra and Enterprise Editions from the
Keyboard" (includes Nero INCD 4). This covers burning of data and
audio CDs and DVDs withe Nero Burning-ROM and the Nero StartSmart
interfaces, Saving and reopening compilation templates, Using
Nero online help, burning/cloning whole hard disks and partitions
or folders to CD or DVD, converting MP3 files to other formats,
ripping sound files to MP3 or MP3 Pro files, a good deal of
specific configuration and general information on CD and DVD
burning drives and CD and DVD disks, using Windows Volume
Control, and much more.

8. "Microsoft Excel 97, 2000, 2002 and 2003 from the Keyboard".
This takes spreadsheet users from the beginner stages of Excel
through much intermediate material and also covers a few more
advanced features. It will give you the skills to use Excel for
home accounting purposes, for keeping self-employed small
business records and for use in the employment workplace. 

9. "Microsoft Outlook 2000 and 2002/XP from the Keyboard". This
is a tutorial instructing on how to use the richly-featured suite
of programs which is a must for anyone seeking employment or
wanting to do advanced e-mailing or calendar and other related
tasks at home or at work. It covers all of the main features of
MS Outlook and many other more technical topics. Covered is:
E-mailing, Calendar, Journal, Tasks, Notes, Contacts, arranging
appointments and meetings, searching, plus customising Outlook
for visually impaired and blind users and appendices of Outlook
general shortcuts and HAL, JAWS AND Window-Eyes hot keys and much
more.

10. "Microsoft Word 97, 2000, 2002 and 2003 from the Keyboard".
Available as a plain text file and instructs on how to use over
45 separate skills in these powerful leading word-processors for
use at home or in the workplace to make you highly productive and
efficient.

                           ********

The End. 
