               ,BOOK ,,II
                   #A

  ,( ?+S T EXI/1 "S EXI/ 0NATURE1 "S F
O!R CAUSES4 ,8,0NATURE0' ! ANIMALS & _!
"PS EXI/1 &! PLANTS &! SIMPLE BODIES
7E>?1 FIRE1 AIR1 WAT]7-= WE SAY T ^! &!
L EXI/ ,80NATURE0'4
  ,ALL ! ?+S M5;N$ PRES5T A F1TURE 9 :
!Y DI6] F ?+S : >E N 3/ITUT$ 0NATURE4
,EA* ( !M HAS )9 XF A PR9CIPLE ( MO;N &(
/,N>I;S 7IN RESPECT ( PLACE1 OR ( GR[? &
DECR1SE1 OR 0WAY ( ALT],N74 ,ON ! O!R
H&1 A B$ &A COAT & ANY?+ ELSE ( T SORT1
QUA RCVG ^! DESIGN,NS I4E4 9 S F> Z !Y
>E PRODUCTS ( >T-H NO 9NATE IMPULSE
6*ANGE4 ,B 9 S F> Z !Y HAPP5 6BE -POS$ (
/"O OR ( E>? OR (A MIXTURE (! TWO1 !Y D
H S* AN IMPULSE1 & J 6T EXT5T : SEEMS
69DICATE T NATURE IS A S\RCE OR CAUSE (
2+ MOV$ &( 2+ AT RE/ 9 T 6: X 2L;GS
PRIM>ILY1 9 VIRTUE ( XF & N 9 VIRTUE (A
3COMITANT ATTRIBUTE4
  ,I SAY ,8N 9 VIRTUE (A 3COMITANT
ATTRIBUTE0'1 2C 7= 9/.E7 A MAN :O IS A
DOCTOR MI<T CURE HMF4 ,N"E!.S X IS N 9 S
F> Z HE IS A PATI5T T HE POSSESSES ! >T
( M$IC9E3 X M]ELY HAS HAPP5$ T ! SAME
MAN IS DOCTOR & PATI5T-& T IS :Y ^!
ATTRIBUTES >E N ALW F.D TGR4 ,S X IS )
ALL O!R >TIFICIAL PRODUCTS4 ,N"O ( !M
HAS 9 XF ! S\RCE ( XS [N PRODUC;N4 ,B
:ILE 9 "S CASES 7= 9/.E H\SES &! O!R
PRODUCTS ( MANUAL LAB\R7 T PR9CIPLE IS 9
"S?+ ELSE EXT]NAL 6! ?+1 9 O!RS ^? : MAY
CAUSE A *ANGE 9 !MVS 9 VIRTUE (A
3COMITANT ATTRIBUTE-X LIES 9 ! ?+S !MVS
7B N 9 VIRTUE ( :AT !Y >E74
  ,8,NATURE0' !N IS :AT HAS BE5 /AT$4
,?+S ,8H A NATURE':I* H A PR9CIPLE ( ?
K9D4 ,EA* ( !M IS A SUB/.E2 = X IS A
SUBJECT1 & NATURE ALW IMPLIES A SUBJECT
9 : X 9"HS4
  ,! T]M ,8AC 6NATURE0' IS APPLI$ 6ALL
^! ?+S & AL 6! ATTRIBUTES : 2L;G 6!M 9
VIRTUE ( :AT !Y >E1 = 9/.E ! PROP]TY (
FIRE 6BE C>RI$ UPW>DS-: IS N A
,8NATURE0' NOR ,8HAS A NATURE0' B IS
,80NATURE0' OR ,8AC 6NATURE0'4
  ,:AT NATURE IS1 !N1 &! M1N+ (! T]MS
,80NATURE0' & ,8AC 6NATURE0'1 HAS BE5
/AT$4 ,T NATURE EXI/S1 X WD 2 ABSURD
6TRY 6PROVE2 = X IS OBVI\S T "! >E _M
?+S ( ? K9D1 & 6PROVE :AT IS OBVI\S 0:AT
IS N IS ! M>K (A MAN :O IS UNA# 64T+UI%
:AT IS SELF-EVID5T F :AT IS N4 7,? /ATE
( M9D IS CLE>LY POSSI#4 ,A MAN BL F BIR?
MI<T R1SON AB COL\RS4 ,PRESUMABLY "!=E
S* P]SONS M/ 2 TALK+ AB ^WS )\T ANY ?"\
6CORRESPOND47
  ,"S ID5TIFY ! NATURE OR SUB/.E (A
NATURAL OBJECT ) T IMM 3/ITU5T ( X :
TAK5 0XF IS )\T >RANGE;T1 E4G4 ! WOOD IS
! ,8NATURE0' (! B$1 &! BRONZE !
,8NATURE0' (! /ATUE4
  ,Z AN 9DIC,N ( ? ,ANTIPHON PO9TS \ T
IF Y PLANT$ A B$ &! ROTT+ WOOD ACQUIR$ !
P[] ( S5D+ UP A %OOT1 X WD N 2 A B$ T WD
-E UP1 B WOOD-: %[S T ! >RANGE;T 9
A3ORD.E )! RULES (! >T IS M]ELY AN
9CID5TAL ATTRIBUTE1 ":AS ! R1L NATURE IS
! O!R1 :1 FUR!R1 P]SI/S 3T9U\SLY "? !
PROCESS ( MAK+4
  ,B IF ! MAT]IAL ( EA* ( ^! OBJECTS HAS
XF ! SAME REL,N 6"S?+ ELSE1 SAY BRONZE
7OR GOLD7 6WAT]1 B"OS 7OR WOOD7 6E>? & S
ON1 T 7!Y SAY7 WD 2 _! NATURE & ESS;E4
,3SEQU5TLY "S ASS]T E>?1 O!RS FIRE OR
AIR OR WAT] OR "S OR ALL ( ^!1 6BE !
NATURE (! ?+S T >E4 ,= :AT"E ANY "O ( !M
SUPPOS$ 6H ? "*-:E!R "O ?+ OR M ?AN "O
?+-? OR ^! HE DCLD 6BE ! :OLE ( SUB/.E1
ALL ELSE 2+ XS A6EC;NS1 /ATES1 OR
4POSI;NS4 ,E S* ?+ !Y HELD 6BE ET]NAL 7=
X CD N PASS 96ANY?+ ELSE71 B O!R ?+S 6-E
962+ & C1SE 6BE "TS )\T NUMB]4
  ,? !N IS "O A3.T ( ,8NATURE0'1 "NLY T
X IS ! IMM MAT]IAL SUB/RATUM ( ?+S : H 9
!MVS A PR9CIPLE ( MO;N OR *ANGE4
  ,ANO!R A3.T IS T ,8NATURE0' IS ! %APE
OR =M : IS SPECIFI$ 9 ! DEF9I;N (! ?+4
  ,=! ^W ,8NATURE0' IS APPLI$ 6:AT IS AC
6NATURE &! NATURAL 9 ! SAME WAY Z ,8>T0'
IS APPLI$ 6:AT IS >TI/IC OR A "W ( >T4
,WE %D N SAY 9 ! LATT] CASE T "! IS
ANY?+ >TI/IC AB A ?+1 IF X IS A B$ ONLY
POT5TI,Y1 N YET HAV+ ! =M (A B$2 NOR %D
WE CALL X A "W ( >T4 ,! SAME IS TRUE (
NATURAL -P.DS4 ,:AT IS POT5TI,Y FLE% OR
B"O HAS N YET XS [N ,8NATURE0'1 & DOES N
EXI/ UNTIL X RCVS ! =M SPECIFI$ 9 !
DEF9I;N1 : WE "N 9 DEF9+ :AT FLE% OR B"O
IS4 ,?US 9 ! SECOND S5SE ( ,8NATURE0' X
WD 2 ! %APE OR =M 7N SEP>A# EXCEPT 9
/ATE;T7 ( ?+S : H 9 !MVS A S\RCE ( MO;N4
7,! -B9,N (! TWO1 E4G4 MAN1 IS N
,8NATURE0' B ,80NATURE0' OR
,8NATURAL0'47
  ,! =M 9DE$ IS ,8NATURE0' R ?AN !
MATT]2 =A ?+ IS M PROP]LY SD 6BE :AT X
IS :5 X HAS ATTA9$ 6FULFIL;T ?AN :5 X
EXI/S POT5TI,Y4 ,AG MAN IS BORN F MAN1 B
N B$ F B$4 ,T IS :Y P SAY T ! FIGURE IS
N ! NATURE (A B$1 B ! WOOD IS-IF ! B$
SPR\T$ N A B$ B WOOD WD -E UP4 ,B EV5 IF
! FIGURE IS >T1 !N ON ! SAME PR9CIPLE !
%APE ( MAN IS 8 NATURE4 ,= MAN IS BORN F
MAN4
  ,WE AL SP1K (A ?+'S NATURE Z 2+
EXHIBIT$ 9 ! PROCESS ( GR[? 0: XS NATURE
IS ATTA9$4 ,! ,8NATURE0' 9 ? S5SE IS N L
,8DOCTOR+0'1 : L1DS N 6! >T ( DOCTOR+ B
6H1L?4 ,DOCTOR+ M/ />T F ! >T1 N L1D 6X4
,B X IS N 9 ? WAY T NATURE 7IN ! "O
S5SE7 IS RELAT$ 6NATURE 7IN ! O!R74 ,:AT
GR[S QUA GR[+ GR[S F "S?+ 96"S?+4 ,96:AT
!N DOES X GR[8 ,N 96T F : X >OSE B 96T
6: X T5DS4 ,! %APE !N IS NATURE4
  ,8,%APE0' & ,8NATURE0'1 X %D 2 A4$1 >E
9 TWO S5SES4 ,=! PRIV,N TOO IS 9 A WAY
=M4 ,B :E!R 9 UNQUALIFI$ -+ 6BE "! IS
PRIV,N1 I4E4 A 3TR>Y 6:AT -ES 6BE1 WE M/
3SID] LAT]4

                   #B

  ,WE H 4T+UI%$1 !N1 ! DI6]5T WAYS 9 : !
T]M ,8NATURE0' IS US$4
  ,! NEXT PO9T 63SID] IS H[ !
MA!MATICIAN DI6]S F ! PHYSICI/4
,OBVI\SLY PHYSICAL BODIES 3TA9 SURFACES
& VOLUMES1 L9ES & PO9TS1 & ^! >E !
SUBJECT-MATT] ( MA!MATICS4
  ,FUR!R1 IS A/RONOMY DI6]5T F PHYSICS
OR A DE"P;T ( X8 ,X SEEMS ABSURD T !
PHYSICI/ %D 2 SUPPOS$ 6"K ! NATURE ( SUN
OR MOON1 B N 6"K ANY ( _! ESS5TIAL
ATTRIBUTES1 "PICUL>LY Z ! WRIT]S ON
PHYSICS OBVI\SLY D 4CUSS _! %APE AL &
:E!R ! E>? &! _W >E SPH]ICAL OR N4
  ,N[ ! MA!MATICIAN1 ?\< HE TOO TR1TS (
^! ?+S1 N"E!.S DOES N TR1T ( !M Z !
LIMITS (A PHYSICAL BODY2 NOR DOES HE
3SID] ! ATTRIBUTES 9DICAT$ Z !
ATTRIBUTES ( S* BODIES4 ,T IS :Y HE
SEP>ATES !M2 = 9 ?"\ !Y >E SEP>A# F
MO;N1 & X MAKES NO DI6];E1 NOR DOES ANY
FALS;Y RESULT1 IF !Y >E SEP>AT$4 ,!
HOLD]S (! !ORY ( ,=MS D ! SAME1 ?\< !Y
>E N AW>E ( X2 = !Y SEP>ATE ! OBJECTS (
PHYSICS1 : >E LESS SEP>A# ?AN ^? (
MA!MATICS4 ,? 2COMES PLA9 IF "O TRIES
6/ATE 9 EA* (! TWO CASES ! DEF9I;NS (!
?+S &( _! ATTRIBUTES4 ,8,ODD0' &
,8EV50'1 ,8/RAI<T0' & ,8CURV$0'1 &
LIKEWISE ,8NUMB]0'1 ,8L9E0'1 &
,8FIGURE0'1 D N 9VOLVE MO;N2 N S
,8FLE%0' & ,8B"O0' & ,8MAN'-^! >E DEF9$
L ,8SNUB NOSE0'1 N L ,8CURV$0'4
  ,SIMIL> EVID;E IS SUPPLI$ 0! M
PHYSICAL (! BRAN*ES ( MA!MATICS1 S* Z
OPTICS1 H>MONICS1 & A/RONOMY4 ,^! >E 9 A
WAY ! 3V]SE ( GEOMETRY4 ,:ILE GEOMETRY
9VE/IGATES PHYSICAL L9ES B N QUA
PHYSICAL1 OPTICS 9VE/IGATES MA!MATICAL
L9ES1 B QUA PHYSICAL1 N QUA MA!MATICAL4
  ,S9CE ,8NATURE0' HAS TWO S5SES1 ! =M &
! MATT]1 WE M/ 9VE/IGATE XS OBJECTS Z WE
WD ! ESS;E ( SNUB;S4 ,T IS1 S* ?+S >E
NEI 9DEP5D5T ( MATT] NOR C 2 DEF9$ 9
T]MS ( MATT] ONLY4 ,"H TOO 9DE$ "O MI<T
RAISE A DI6ICULTY4 ,S9CE "! >E TWO
NATURES1 ) : IS ! PHYSICI/ 3C]N$8 ,OR %D
HE 9VE/IGATE ! -B9,N (! TWO8 ,B IF !
-B9,N (! TWO1 !N AL EA* S"E,Y4 ,DOES X
2L;G !N 6! SAME OR 6DI6]5T SCI;ES 6"K
EA* S"E,Y8
  ,IF WE LOOK AT ! ANCI5TS1 PHYSICS WD
6BE 3C]N$ )! MATT]4 7,X 0 ONLY V SLI<TLY
T ,EMP$OCLES & ,DEMOCRITUS T\*$ ON ! =MS
&! ESS;E47
  ,B IF ON ! O!R H& >T IMITATES NATURE1
& X IS ! "P (! SAME 4CIPL9E 6"K ! =M &!
MATT] UP 6A PO9T 7E4G4 ! DOCTOR HAS A K
( H1L? & AL ( BILE & PHLEGM1 9 : H1L? IS
R1LIZ$1 &! BUILD] BO? (! =M (! H\SE &(!
MATT]1 "NLY T X IS BRICKS & B1MS1 & S
=?73 IF ? IS S1 X WD 2 ! "P ( PHYSICS AL
6"K NATURE 9 BO? XS S5SES4
  ,AG1 ,8T =! SAKE ( :0'1 OR ! 5D1 2L;GS
6! SAME DE"P;T ( K Z ! M1NS4 ,B ! NATURE
IS ! 5D OR ,8T =! SAKE ( :0'4 ,= IF A ?+
"UGOES A 3T9U\S *ANGE & "! IS A /AGE :
IS LA/1 ? /AGE IS ! 5D OR ,8T =! SAKE (
:0'4 7,T IS :Y ! POET 0 C>RI$ AWAY
96MAK+ AN ABSURD /ATE;T :5 HE SD ,8HE
HAS ! 5D =! SAKE ( : HE 0 BORN0'4 ,= N E
/AGE T IS LA/ CLAIMS 6BE AN 5D1 B ONLY T
: IS BE/47
  ,=! >TS MAKE _! MAT]IAL 7"S SIMPLY
,8MAKE0' X1 O!RS MAKE X S]VICEA#71 & WE
USE "EY?+ Z IF X 0 "! = \R SAKE4 7,WE AL
>E 9 A S5SE AN 5D4 ,8,T =! SAKE ( :0'
HAS TWO S5SES3 ! 4T9C;N IS MADE 9 \R "W
,ON ,PHILOSOPHY47 ,! >TS1 "!=E1 : GOV]N
! MATT] & H K >E TWO1 "NLY ! >T : USES !
PRODUCT &! >T : DIRECTS ! PRODUC;N ( X4
,T IS :Y ! US+ >T AL IS 9 A S5SE
DIRECTIVE2 B X DI6]S 9 T X "KS ! =M1
":AS ! >T : IS DIRECTIVE Z 2+ 3C]N$ )
PRODUC;N "KS ! MATT]4 ,=! HELMSMAN "KS &
PRESCRIBES :AT SORT ( =M A HELM %D H1 !
O!R F :AT WOOD X %D 2 MADE & 0M1NS ( :AT
OP],NS4 ,9 ! PRODUCTS ( >T1 H["E1 WE
MAKE ! MAT]IAL )A VIEW 6! FUNC;N1 ":AS 9
! PRODUCTS ( NATURE ! MATT] IS "! ALL
AL;G4
  ,AG1 MATT] IS A RELATIVE T]M3 6EA* =M
"! CORRESPONDS A SPECIAL MATT]4 ,H[ F>
!N M/ ! PHYSICI/ "K ! =M OR ESS;E8 ,UP
6A PO9T1 P]H1 Z ! DOCTOR M/ "K S9EW OR !
SMI? BRONZE 7I4E4 UNTIL HE "U/&S !
PURPOSE ( EA*73 &! PHYSICI/ IS 3C]N$
ONLY ) ?+S ^: =MS >E SEP>A# 9DE$1 B D N
EXI/ A"P F MATT]4 ,MAN IS 2GOTT5 0MAN &
0! SUN Z WELL4 ,! MODE ( EXI/;E & ESS;E
(! SEP>A# X IS ! BUSI;S (! PRIM>Y TYPE (
PHILOSOPHY 6DEF9E4


                   #C

  ,N[ T WE H E/ABLI%$ ^! 4T9C;NS1 WE M/
PROCE$ 63SID] CAUSES1 _! "* & NUMB]4 ,K
IS ! OBJECT ( \R 9QUIRY1 & M5 D N ?9K !Y
"K A ?+ TILL !Y H GRASP$ ! ,8:Y0' ( 7:
IS 6GRASP XS PRIM>Y CAUSE74 ,S CLE>LY WE
TOO M/ D ? Z REG>DS BO? -+ 6BE & PASS+
AWAY & E K9D ( PHYSICAL *ANGE1 9 ORD] T1
"K+ _! PR9CIPLES1 WE MAY TRY 6REF] 6^!
PR9CIPLES EA* ( \R PRO#MS4
  ,9 "O S5SE1 !N1 7#A7 T \ ( : A ?+ -ES
6BE & : P]SI/S1 IS CALL$ ,8CAUSE0'1 E4G4
! BRONZE (! /ATUE1 ! SILV] (! B[L1 &!
G5]A ( : ! BRONZE &! SILV] >E SPECIES4
  ,9 ANO!R S5SE 7#B7 ! =M OR ! >*ETYPE1
I4E4 ! /ATE;T (! ESS;E1 & XS G5]A1 >E
CALL$ ,8CAUSES0' 7E4G4 (! OCTAVE ! REL,N
( #B3A1 & G5],Y NUMB]71 &! "PS 9 !
DEF9I;N4
  ,AG 7#C7 ! PRIM>Y S\RCE (! *ANGE OR -+
6RE/2 E4G4 ! MAN :O GAVE ADVICE IS A
CAUSE1 ! "F IS CAUSE (! *1 & G5],Y :AT
MAKES ( :AT IS MADE & :AT CAUSES *ANGE (
:AT IS *ANG$4
  ,AG 7#D7 9 ! S5SE ( 5D OR ,8T =! SAKE
( :0' A ?+ IS D"O1 E4G4 H1L? IS ! CAUSE
( WALK+ AB4 7,8,:Y IS HE WALK+ AB80' WE
SAY4 ,8,6BE H1L?Y0'1 &1 HAV+ SD T1 WE
?9K WE H ASSIGN$ ! CAUSE47 ,! SAME IS
TRUE AL ( ALL ! 9T]M$IATE /EPS : >E BR"\
AB "? ! AC;N ( "S?+ ELSE Z M1NS T[>DS !
5D1 E4G4 REDUC;N ( FLE%1 PURG+1 DRUGS1
OR SURGICAL 9/RU;TS >E M1NS T[>DS H1L?4
,ALL ^! ?+S >E ,8=! SAKE (0' ! 5D1 ?\<
!Y DI6] F "O ANO!R 9 T "S >E ACTIVITIES1
O!RS 9/RU;TS4
  ,? !N P]H EXHAU/S ! NUMB] ( WAYS 9 : !
T]M ,8CAUSE0' IS US$4
  ,Z ! ^W HAS S"EAL S5SES1 X FOLL[S T "!
>E S"EAL CAUSES (! SAME ?+ N M]ELY 9
VIRTUE (A 3COMITANT ATTRIBUTE71 E4G4 BO?
! >T (! SCULPTOR &! BRONZE >E CAUSES (!
/ATUE4 ,^! >E CAUSES (! /ATUE QUA /ATUE1
N 9 VIRTUE ( ANY?+ ELSE T X MAY BE-ONLY
N 9 ! SAME WAY1 ! "O 2+ ! MAT]IAL CAUSE1
! O!R ! CAUSE :;E ! MO;N -ES4 ,"S ?+S
CAUSE EA* O!R RECIPROC,Y1 E4G4 H>D "W
CAUSES FIT;S & VICE V]SA1 B AG N 9 !
SAME WAY1 B ! "O Z 5D1 ! O!R Z ! ORIG9 (
*ANGE4 ,FUR!R ! SAME ?+ IS ! CAUSE (
3TR>Y RESULTS4 ,= T : 0XS PRES;E BR+S AB
"O RESULT IS "S"TS BLAM$ = BR++ AB !
3TR>Y 0XS ABS;E4 ,?US WE ASCRIBE ! WRECK
(A %IP 6! ABS;E (! PILOT ^: PRES;E 0 !
CAUSE ( XS SAFETY4
  ,ALL ! CAUSES N[ M5;N$ FALL 96F\R
FAMILI> DIVI.NS4 ,! LRS >E ! CAUSES (
SYLLA#S1 ! MAT]IAL ( >TIFICIAL PRODUCTS1
FIRE1 &C41 ( BODIES1 ! "PS (! :OLE1 &!
PREMISSES (! 3CLU.N1 9 ! S5SE ( ,8T F
:0'4 ,( ^! PAIRS ! "O SET >E CAUSES 9 !
S5SE ( SUB/RATUM1 E4G4 ! "PS1 ! O!R SET
9 ! S5SE ( ESS;E-! :OLE &! -B9,N &! =M4
,B ! SE$ &! DOCTOR &! ADVIS]1 & G5],Y !
MAK]1 >E ALL S\RCES :;E ! *ANGE OR
/,N>I;S ORIG9ATES1 :ILE ! O!RS >E CAUSES
9 ! S5SE (! 5D OR ! GD (! RE/2 = ,8T =!
SAKE ( :0' M1NS :AT IS BE/ &! 5D (! ?+S
T L1D UP 6X4 7,:E!R WE SAY ! ,8GD XF OR
! ,8APP>5T GD0' MAKES NO DI6];E47
  ,S* !N IS ! NUMB] & NATURE (! K9DS (
CAUSE4
  ,N[ ! MODES ( CAUS,N >E _M1 ?\< :5
BR"\ "U H1DS !Y TOO C 2 REDUC$ 9 NUMB]4
,= ,8CAUSE0' IS US$ 9 _M S5SES & EV5 )9
! SAME K9D "O MAY 2 PRIOR 6ANO!R 7E4G4 !
DOCTOR &! EXP]T >E CAUSES ( H1L?1 !
REL,N #B3A & NUMB] (! OCTAVE71 & ALW :AT
IS 9CLUSIVE 6:AT IS "PICUL>4 ,ANO!R MODE
( CAUS,N IS ! 9CID5TAL & XS G5]A1 E4G4 9
"O WAY ,8,POLYCLITUS0'1 9 ANO!R
,8SCULPTOR0' IS ! CAUSE (A /ATUE1 2C
,82+ ,POLYCLITUS0' & ,8SCULPTOR0' >E
9CID5T,Y 3JO9$4 ,AL ! CLASSES 9 : !
9CID5TAL ATTRIBUTE IS 9CLUD$2 ?US 'A
MAN0' CD 2 SD 6BE ! CAUSE (A /ATUE OR1
G5],Y1 'A LIV+ CR1TURE0'4 ,AN 9CID5TAL
ATTRIBUTE TOO MAY 2 M OR LESS REMOTE1
E4G4 SUPPOSE T 'A PALE MAN0' OR 'A
MUSICAL MAN0' 7 SD 6BE ! CAUSE (! /ATUE4
  ,ALL CAUSES1 BO? PROP] & 9CID5TAL1 MAY
2 SPOK5 ( EI Z POT5TIAL OR Z ACTUAL2
E4G4 ! CAUSE (A H\SE 2+ BUILT IS EI
,8H\SE-BUILD]0' OR ,8H\SE-BUILD]
BUILD+0'4
  ,SIMIL> 4T9C;NS C 2 MADE 9 ! ?+S ( : !
CAUSES >E CAUSES1 E4G4 ( ,8? /ATUE0' OR
( ,8/ATUE0' OR ( ,8IMAGE0' G5],Y1 ( ,8?
BRONZE0' OR ( ,8BRONZE0' OR (
,8MAT]IAL0' G5],Y4 ,S TOO )! 9CID5TAL
ATTRIBUTES4 ,AG WE MAY USE A -PLEX
EXPRES.N = EI & SAY1 E4G4 NEI
,8,POLYCLITUS0' NOR ,8SCULPTOR0' B
,8,POLYCLITUS1 SCULPTOR0'4
  ,ALL ^! V>I\S USES1 H["E1 -E 6SIX 9
NUMB]1 "U EA* ( : AG ! USAGE IS TWOFOLD4
,CAUSE M1NS EI :AT IS "PICUL> OR A G5US1
OR AN 9CID5TAL ATTRIBUTE OR A G5US ( T1
& ^! EI Z A -PLEX OR EA* 0XF2 & ALL SIX
EI Z ACTUAL OR Z POT5TIAL4 ,! DI6];E IS
? M*1 T CAUSES : >E ACTU,Y AT "W &
"PICUL> EXI/ & C1SE 6EXI/ SIMULTANE\SLY
) _! E6ECT1 E4G4 ? H1L+ P]SON ) ? 2+-
H1L$ P]SON & T H\SE-BUILD+ MAN ) T 2+-
BUILT H\SE2 B ? IS N ALW TRUE ( POT5TIAL
CAUSES--! H\SE &! H\SEBUILD] D N PASS
AWAY SIMULTANE\SLY4
  ,9 9VE/IGAT+ ! CAUSE ( EA* ?+ X IS ALW
NEC 6SEEK :AT IS MO/ PRECISE 7Z AL 9 O!R
?+S73 ?US MAN BUILDS 2C HE IS A BUILD]1
&A BUILD] BUILDS 9 VIRTUE ( 8 >T (
BUILD+4 ,? LA/ CAUSE !N IS PRIOR3 & S
G5],Y4
  ,FUR!R1 G5]IC E6ECTS %D 2 ASSIGN$
6G5]IC CAUSES1 "PICUL> E6ECTS 6"PICUL>
CAUSES1 E4G4 /ATUE 6SCULPTOR1 ? /ATUE 6?
SCULPTOR2 & P[]S >E RELATIVE 6POSSI#
E6ECTS1 ACTU,Y OP]AT+ CAUSES 6?+S : >E
ACTU,Y 2+ E6ECT$4
  ,? M/ SU6ICE = \R A3.T (! NUMB] (
CAUSES &! MODES ( CAUS,N4

                   #D

  ,B *.E AL & SPONTANE;Y >E RECKON$ AM;G
CAUSES3 _M ?+S >E SD BO? 6BE & 6-E 6BE Z
A RESULT ( *.E & SPONTANE;Y4 ,WE M/
9QUIRE "!=E 9 :AT MANN] *.E & SPONTANE;Y
>E PRES5T AM;G ! CAUSES ENUM]AT$1 & :E!R
!Y >E ! SAME OR DI6]5T1 & G5],Y :AT *.E
& SPONTANE;Y >E4
  ,"S P EV5 "Q :E!R !Y >E R1L OR N4 ,!Y
SAY T NO?+ HAPP5S 0*.E1 B T "EY?+ : WE
ASCRIBE 6*.E OR SPONTANE;Y HAS "S
DEF9ITE CAUSE1 E4G4 -+ ,80*.E0' 96!
M>KET & F9D+ "! A MAN :OM "O WANT$ B DID
N EXPECT 6MEET IS DUE 6"O'S WI% 6G & BUY
9 ! M>KET4 ,SIMIL>LY 9 O!R CASES ( *.E X
IS ALW POSSI#1 !Y MA9TA91 6F9D "S?+ : IS
! CAUSE2 B N *.E1 = IF *.E 7 R1L1 X WD
SEEM /RANGE 9DE$1 &! "Q MI<T 2 RAIS$1 :Y
ON E>? N"O (! WISE M5 ( OLD 9 SP1K+ (!
CAUSES ( G5],N & DECAY TOOK A3.T ( *.E2
:;E X WD SEEM T !Y TOO DID N 2LIEVE T
ANY?+ IS 0*.E4 ,B "! IS A FUR!R
CIRCUM/.E T IS SURPRIS+4 ,_M ?+S BO? -E
6BE & >E 0*.E & SPONTANE;Y1 & AL? "K T
EA* ( !M C 2 ASCRIB$ 6"S CAUSE 7Z ! OLD
>GU;T SD : D5I$ *.E71 N"E!.S !Y SP1K (
"S ( ^! ?+S Z HAPP5+ 0*.E & O!RS N4 ,= ?
R1SON AL !Y "\ 6H AT L1/ REF]R$ 6! MATT]
9 "S WAY OR O!R4
  ,C]TA9LY ! E>LY PHYSICI/S F.D NO PLACE
= *.E AM;G ! CAUSES : !Y RECOGNIZ$-LOVE1
/RIFE1 M9D1 FIRE1 OR ! L4 ,? IS /RANGE1
:E!R !Y SUPPOS$ T "! IS NO S* ?+ Z *.E
OR :E!R !Y ?"\ "! IS B OMITT$ 6M5;N X-&
T TOO :5 !Y "S"TS US$ X1 Z ,EMP$OCLES
DOES :5 HE SAYS T ! AIR IS N ALW SEP>AT$
96! HI<E/ REGION1 B ,8Z X MAY *.E0'4 ,AT
ANY RATE HE SAYS 9 8 COSMOGONY T ,8X
HAPP5$ 6RUN T WAY AT T "T1 B X (T5 RAN
O!RWISE40' ,HE TELLS U AL T MO/ (! "PS (
ANIMALS CAME 6BE 0*.E4
  ,"! >E "S TOO :O ASCRIBE ? H1V5LY
SPH]E & ALL ! _WS 6SPONTANE;Y4 ,!Y SAY T
! VORTEX >OSE SPONTANE\SLY1 I4E4 ! MO;N
T SEP>AT$ & >RANG$ 9 XS PRES5T ORD] ALL
T EXI/S4 ,? /ATE;T MI<T WELL CAUSE
SURPRISE4 ,= !Y >E ASS]T+ T *.E IS N
RESPONSI# =! EXI/;E OR G5],N ( ANIMALS &
PLANTS1 NATURE OR M9D OR "S?+ (! K9D 2+
! CAUSE ( !M 7= X IS N ANY *.E ?+ T -ES
F A GIV5 SE$ B AN OLIVE F "O K9D &A MAN
F ANO!R72 & YET AT ! SAME "T !Y ASS]T T
! H1V5LY SPH]E &! DIV9E/ ( VISI# ?+S
>OSE SPONTANE\SLY1 HAV+ NO S* CAUSE Z IS
ASSIGN$ 6ANIMALS & PLANTS4 ,YET IF ? IS
S1 X IS A FACT : DES]VES 6BE DWELT ^U1 &
"S?+ MI<T WELL H BE5 SD AB X4 ,= 2SS !
O!R ABSURDITIES (! /ATE;T1 X IS ! M
ABSURD T P %D MAKE X :5 !Y SEE NO?+ -+
6BE SPONTANE\SLY 9 ! H1V5S1 B M* HAPP5+
0*.E AM;G ! ?+S : Z !Y SAY >E N DUE
6*.E2 ":AS WE %D H EXPECT$ EXACTLY !
OPPOSITE4
  ,O!RS "! >E :O1 9DE$1 2LIEVE T *.E IS
A CAUSE1 B T X IS 9SCRUTA# 6HUMAN
9TELLIG;E1 Z 2+ A DIV9E ?+ & FULL (
MY/]Y4
  ,?US WE M/ 9QUIRE :AT *.E & SPONTANE;Y
>E1 :E!R !Y >E ! SAME OR DI6]5T1 & H[ !Y
FIT 96\R DIVI.N ( CAUSES4
  #E
  ,F/ !N WE OBS]VE T "S ?+S ALW -E 6PASS
9 ! SAME WAY1 & O!RS =! MO/ "P4 ,X IS
CLE>LY ( NEI ( ^! T *.E IS SD 6BE !
CAUSE1 NOR C ! ,8E6ECT ( *.E0' 2
ID5TIFI$ ) ANY (! ?+S T -E 6PASS
0NECESS;Y & ALW1 OR =! MO/ "P4 ,B Z "!
IS A ?IRD CLASS ( EV5TS 2SS ^! TWO-EV5TS
: ALL SAY >E ,80*.E'-X IS PLA9 T "! IS
S* A ?+ Z *.E & SPONTANE;Y2 = WE "K T
?+S ( ? K9D >E DUE 6*.E & T ?+S DUE 6*.E
>E ( ? K9D4
  ,B1 SECONDLY1 "S EV5TS >E =! SAKE (
"S?+1 O!RS N4 ,AG1 "S (! =M] CLASS >E 9
A3ORD.E ) DELIB]ATE 9T5;N1 O!RS N1 B BO?
>E 9 ! CLASS ( ?+S : >E =! SAKE ( "S?+4
,H;E X IS CLE> T EV5 AM;G ! ?+S : >E
\TSIDE ! NEC &! NORMAL1 "! >E "S 9
3NEXION ):I* ! PHRASE ,8=! SAKE ( "S?+0'
IS APPLICA#4 7,EV5TS T >E =! SAKE ( "S?+
9CLUDE :AT"E MAY 2 D"O Z A RESULT ( ?"\
OR ( NATURE47 ,?+S ( ? K9D1 !N1 :5 !Y -E
6PASS 9CID5TAL >E SD 6BE ,80*.E0'4 ,= J
Z A ?+ IS "S?+ EI 9 VIRTUE ( XF OR
9CID5T,Y1 S MAY X 2 A CAUSE4 ,= 9/.E1 !
H\SEBUILD+ FACULTY IS 9 VIRTUE ( XF !
CAUSE (A H\SE1 ":AS ! PALE OR ! MUSICAL
IS ! 9CID5TAL CAUSE4 ,T : IS P] SE CAUSE
(! E6ECT IS DET]M9ATE1 B ! 9CID5TAL
CAUSE IS 9DET]M9A#1 =! POSSI# ATTRIBUTES
( AN 9DIVIDUAL >E 9NUM]A#4 ,6RESUME !N2
:5 A ?+ ( ? K9D -ES 6PASS AM;G EV5TS :
>E =! SAKE ( "S?+1 X IS SD 6BE
SPONTANE\S OR 0*.E4 7,! 4T9C;N 2T ! TWO
M/ 2 MADE LAT]-=! PRES5T X IS SU6ICI5T
IF X IS PLA9 T BO? >E 9 ! SPH]E ( ?+S
D"O =! SAKE ( "S?+47
  ,EXAMPLE3 ,A MAN IS 5GAG$ 9 COLLECT+
SUBSCRIP;NS =A F1/4 ,HE WD H G"O 6S* &
S* A PLACE =! PURPOSE ( GETT+ ! M"OY1 IF
HE _H "KN4 ,HE ACTU,Y W5T "! = ANO!R
PURPOSE & X 0 ONLY 9CID5T,Y T HE GOT 8
M"OY 0GO+ "!2 & ? 0 N DUE 6! FACT T HE
W5T "! Z A RULE OR NECESS>ILY1 NOR IS !
5D E6ECT$ 7GETT+ ! M"OY7 A CAUSE PRES5T
9 HMF-X 2L;GS 6! CLASS ( ?+S T >E
9T5;NAL &! RESULT ( 9TELLIG5T DELIB],N4
,X IS :5 ^! 3DI;NS >E SATISFI$ T ! MAN
IS SD 6H G"O ,80*.E0'4 ,IF HE _H G"O (
DELIB]ATE PURPOSE &=! SAKE ( ?-IF HE ALW
OR NORM,Y W5T "! :5 HE 0 COLLECT+
PAY;TS-HE WD N 2 SD 6H G"O ,80*.E0'4
  ,X IS CLE> !N T *.E IS AN 9CID5TAL
CAUSE 9 ! SPH]E ( ^? AC;NS =! SAKE (
"S?+ : 9VOLVE PURPOSE4 ,9TELLIG5T
REFLEC;N1 !N1 & *.E >E 9 ! SAME SPH]E1 =
PURPOSE IMPLIES 9TELLIG5T REFLEC;N4
  ,X IS NEC1 NO D\BT1 T ! CAUSES ( :AT
-ES 6PASS 0*.E 2 9DEF9ITE2 & T IS :Y *.E
IS SUPPOS$ 62L;G 6! CLASS (! 9DEF9ITE &
6BE 9SCRUTA# 6MAN1 & :Y X MI<T 2 ?"\ T1
9 A WAY1 NO?+ O3URS 0*.E4 ,= ALL ^!
/ATE;TS >E CORRECT1 2C !Y >E WELL GR.D$4
,?+S D1 9 A WAY1 O3UR 0*.E1 = !Y O3UR
9CID5T,Y & *.E IS AN 9CID5TAL CAUSE4 ,B
/RICTLY X IS N ! CAUSE-)\T QUALIFIC,N-(
ANY?+2 = 9/.E1 A H\SEBUILD] IS ! CAUSE (
A H\SE2 9CID5T,Y1 A FLUTEPLAY] MAY 2 S4
  ,&! CAUSES (! MAN'S -+ & GETT+ ! M"OY
7:5 HE DID N -E =! SAKE ( T7 >E 9NUM]A#4
,HE MAY H WI%$ 6SEE "SBODY OR BE5 FOLL[+
"SBODY OR AVOID+ "SBODY1 OR MAY H G"O
6SEE A SPECTACLE4 ,?US 6SAY T *.E IS A
?+ 3TR>Y 6RULE IS CORRECT4 ,= ,8RULE0'
APPLIES 6:AT IS ALW TRUE OR TRUE =! MO/
"P1 ":AS *.E 2L;GS 6A ?IRD TYPE ( EV5T4
,H;E1 63CLUDE1 S9CE CAUSES ( ? K9D >E
9DEF9ITE1 *.E TOO IS 9DEF9ITE4 7,YET 9
"S CASES "O MI<T RAISE ! "Q :E!R ANY
9CID5TAL FACT MI<T 2 ! CAUSE (! *.E
O3URR;E1 E4G4 ( H1L? ! FRE% AIR OR !
SUN'S H1T MAY 2 ! CAUSE1 B HAV+ _H "O'S
HAIR CUT _C2 = "S 9CID5TAL CAUSES >E M
RELEVANT 6! E6ECT ?AN O!RS47
  ,*.E OR =TUNE IS CALL$ ,8GD0' :5 !
RESULT IS GD1 ,8EVIL0' :5 X IS EVIL4 ,!
T]MS ,8GD =TUNE0' & ,8ILL =TUNE0' >E US$
:5 EI RESULT IS ( 3SID]A# MAGNITUDE4
,?US "O :O -ES )9 AN ACE ( "S GRT EVIL
OR GRT GD IS SD 6BE =TUNATE OR
UN=TUNATE4 ,! M9D A6IRMS ! ESS;E (!
ATTRIBUTE1 IGNOR+ ! HAIR'S BR1D? (
DI6];E4 ,FUR!R1 X IS ) R1SON T GD =TUNE
IS REG>D$ Z UN/A#2 = *.E IS UN/A#1 Z N"O
(! ?+S : RESULT F X C 2 9V>IA# OR
NORMAL4
  ,BO? >E !N1 Z ,I H SD1 9CID5TAL
CAUSES-BO? *.E & SPONTANE;Y-IN ! SPH]E (
?+S : >E CAPA# ( -+ 6PASS N NECESS>ILY1
NOR NORM,Y1 &) REF];E 6S* ( ^! Z MI<T -E
6PASS =! SAKE ( "S?+4
  #F
  ,!Y DI6] 9 T ,8SPONTANE;Y0' IS ! WID]
T]M4 ,E RESULT ( *.E IS F :AT IS
SPONTANE\S1 B N "EY?+ T IS F :AT IS
SPONTANE\S IS F *.E4
  ,*.E & :AT RESULTS F *.E >E
APPROPRIATE 6AG5TS T >E CAPA# ( GD =TUNE
&( MORAL AC;N G5],Y4 ,"!=E NECESS>ILY
*.E IS 9 ! SPH]E ( MORAL AC;NS4 ,? IS
9DICAT$ 0! FACT T GD =TUNE IS ?"\ 6BE !
SAME1 OR NE>LY ! SAME1 Z HAPPI;S1 &
HAPPI;S 6BE A K9D ( MORAL AC;N1 S9CE X
IS WELL-DO+4 ,H;E :AT IS N CAPA# ( MORAL
AC;N _C D ANY?+ 0*.E4 ,?US AN 9ANIMATE
?+ OR A L[] ANIMAL OR A * _C D ANY?+
0*.E1 2C X IS 9CAPA# ( DELIB]ATE 9T5;N2
NOR C ,8GD =TUNE0' OR ,8ILL =TUNE0' 2
ASCRIB$ 6!M1 EXCEPT METAPHORIC,Y1 Z
,PROT>*US1 = EXAMPLE1 SD T ! /"OS ( :
ALT>S >E MADE >E =TUNATE 2C !Y >E HELD 9
HON\R1 :ILE _! FELL[S >E TRO45 "U FOOT4
,EV5 ^! ?+S1 H["E1 C 9 A WAY 2 A6ECT$
0*.E1 :5 "O :O IS D1L+ ) !M DOES "S?+
6!M 0*.E1 B N O!RWISE4
  ,! SPONTANE\S ON ! O!R H& IS F.D BO? 9
! L[] ANIMALS & 9 _M 9ANIMATE OBJECTS4
,WE SAY1 = EXAMPLE1 T ! HORSE CAME
,8SPONTANE\SLY0'1 2C1 ?\< 8 -+ SAV$ HM1
HE DID N -E =! SAKE ( SAFETY4 ,AG1 !
TRIPOD FELL ,8( XF0'1 2C1 ?\< :5 X FELL
X /OOD ON XS FEET S Z 6S]VE =A S1T1 X
DID N FALL =! SAKE ( T4
  ,H;E X IS CLE> T EV5TS : 7#A7 2L;G 6!
G5]AL CLASS ( ?+S T MAY -E 6PASS =! SAKE
( "S?+1 7#B7 D N -E 6PASS =! SAKE ( :AT
ACTU,Y RESULTS1 & 7#C7 H AN EXT]NAL
CAUSE1 MAY 2 DESCRIB$ 0! PHRASE ,8F
SPONTANE;Y0'4 ,^! ,8SPONTANE\S0' EV5TS
>E SD 6BE ,8F *.E0' IF !Y H ! FUR!R
"*I/ICS ( 2+ ! OBJECTS ( DELIB]ATE 9T5;N
& DUE 6AG5TS CAPA# ( T MODE ( AC;N4 ,?
IS 9DICAT$ 0! PHRASE ,8IN VA9'1 : IS US$
:5 ,A : IS =! SAKE ( ;,B1 DOES N RESULT
9 ,B4 ,= 9/.E1 TAK+ A WALK IS =! SAKE (
EVACU,N (! B[ELS2 IF ? DOES N FOLL[ AF
WALK+1 WE SAY T WE H WALK$ ,8IN VA9' & T
! WALK+ 0 ,8VA9'4 ,? IMPLIES T :AT IS
NATUR,Y ! M1NS 6AN 5D IS ,8IN VA9'1 :5 X
DOES N E6ECT ! 5D T[>DS : X 0 ! NATURAL
M1NS-= X WD 2 ABSURD =A MAN 6SAY T HE _H
BA!D 9 VA9 2C ! SUN 0 N ECLIPS$1 S9CE !
"O 0 N D"O )A VIEW 6! O!R4 ,?US !
SPONTANE\S IS EV5 AC 6XS D]IV,N ! CASE 9
: ! ?+ XF HAPP5S 9 VA94 ,! /"O T /RUCK !
MAN DID N FALL =! PURPOSE ( /RIK+ HM2
"!=E X FELL SPONTANE\SLY1 2C X MI<T H
FALL5 0! AC;N ( AN AG5T &=! PURPOSE (
/RIK+4 ,! DI6];E 2T SPONTANE;Y & :AT
RESULTS 0*.E IS GRTE/ 9 ?+S T -E 6BE
0NATURE2 = :5 ANY?+ -ES 6BE 3TR>Y
6NATURE1 WE D N SAY T X CAME 6BE 0*.E1 B
0SPONTANE;Y4 ,YET /RICTLY ? TOO IS
DI6]5T F ! SPONTANE\S PROP]2 =! CAUSE (!
LATT] IS EXT]NAL1 T (! =M] 9T]NAL4
  ,WE H N[ EXPLA9$ :AT *.E IS & :AT
SPONTANE;Y IS1 & 9 :AT !Y DI6] F EA*
O!R4 ,BO? 2L;G 6! MODE ( CAUS,N ,8S\RCE
( *ANGE0'1 = EI "S NATURAL OR "S
9TELLIG5T AG5T IS ALW ! CAUSE2 B 9 ?
SORT ( CAUS,N ! NUMB] ( POSSI# CAUSES IS
9F9ITE4
  ,SPONTANE;Y & *.E >E CAUSES ( E6ECTS :
?\< !Y MI<T RESULT F 9TELLIG;E OR
NATURE1 H 9 FACT BE5 CAUS$ 0"S?+
9CID5T,Y4 ,N[ S9CE NO?+ : IS 9CID5TAL IS
PRIOR 6:AT IS P] SE1 X IS CLE> T NO
9CID5TAL CAUSE C 2 PRIOR 6A CAUSE P] SE4
,SPONTANE;Y & *.E1 "!=E1 >E PO/]IOR
69TELLIG;E & NATURE4 ,H;E1 H["E TRUE X
MAY 2 T ! H1V5S >E DUE 6SPONTANE;Y1 X W
/ 2 TRUE T 9TELLIG;E & NATURE W 2 PRIOR
CAUSES ( ? ,ALL &( _M ?+S 9 X 2SS4
  #G
  ,X IS CLE> !N T "! >E CAUSES1 & T !
NUMB] ( !M IS :AT WE H /AT$4 ,! NUMB] IS
! SAME Z T (! ?+S -PREH5D$ "U ! "Q
,8:Y0'4 ,! ,8:Y0' IS REF]R$ ULTIMATELY
EI 7#A71 9 ?+S : D N 9VOLVE MO;N1 E4G4 9
MA!MATICS1 6! ,8:AT0' 76! DEF9I;N (
,8/RAI<T L9E0' OR ,8-M5SURA#0'1 &C471 OR
7#B7 6:AT 9ITIAT$ A MO;N1 E4G4 ,8:Y DID
!Y G 6W>8-2C "! _H BE5 A RAID0'2 OR 7#C7
WE >E 9QUIR+ ,8=! SAKE ( :AT80'-,8T !Y
MAY RULE0'2 OR 7#D71 9 ! CASE ( ?+S T -E
962+1 WE >E LOOK+ =! MATT]4 ,! CAUSES1
"!=E1 >E ^! & S _M 9 NUMB]4
  ,N[1 ! CAUSES 2+ F\R1 X IS ! BUSI;S (!
PHYSICI/ 6"K AB !M ALL1 & IF HE REF]S 8
PRO#MS BACK 6ALL ( !M1 HE W ASSIGN !
,8:Y0' 9 ! WAY PROP] 6HIS SCI;E-! MATT]1
! =M1 ! MOV]1 ,8T =! SAKE ( :0'4 ,! LA/
?REE (T5 CO9CIDE2 =! ,8:AT0' & ,8T =!
SAKE ( :0' >E "O1 :ILE ! PRIM>Y S\RCE (
MO;N IS ! SAME 9 SPECIES Z ^! 7= MAN
G5]ATES MAN71 & S TOO1 9 G5]AL1 >E ALL
?+S : CAUSE MOVE;T 02+ !MVS MOV$2 & S* Z
>E N ( ? K9D >E NO L;G] 9SIDE ! PROV9CE
( PHYSICS1 = !Y CAUSE MO;N N 0POSSESS+
MO;N OR A S\RCE ( MO;N 9 !MVS1 B 2+ !MVS
9CAPA# ( MO;N4 ,H;E "! >E ?REE BRAN*ES (
/UDY1 "O ( ?+S : >E 9CAPA# ( MO;N1 !
SECOND ( ?+S 9 MO;N1 B 9DE/RUCTI#1 !
?IRD ( DE/RUCTI# ?+S4
  ,! "Q ,8:Y0'1 !N1 IS ANSW]$ 0REF];E 6!
MATT]1 6! =M1 & 6! PRIM>Y MOV+ CAUSE4 ,=
9 RESPECT ( -+ 6BE X IS MO/LY 9 ? LA/
WAY T CAUSES >E 9VE/IGAT$-,8:AT -ES 6BE
AF :AT8 :AT 0 ! PRIM>Y AG5T OR PATI5T80'
& S AT EA* /EP (! S]IES4
  ,N[ ! PR9CIPLES : CAUSE MO;N 9 A
PHYSICAL WAY >E TWO1 ( : "O IS N
PHYSICAL1 Z X HAS NO PR9CIPLE ( MO;N 9
XF4 ,( ? K9D IS :AT"E CAUSES MOVE;T1 N
2+ XF MOV$1 S* Z 7#A7 T : IS -PLETELY
UN*ANGEA#1 ! PRIM>Y R1L;Y1 & 7#B7 !
ESS;E ( T : IS -+ 6BE1 I4E4 ! =M2 = ? IS
! 5D OR ,8T =! SAKE ( :0'4 ,H;E S9CE
NATURE IS =! SAKE ( "S?+1 WE M/ "K ?
CAUSE AL4 ,WE M/ EXPLA9 ! ,8:Y0' 9 ALL !
S5SES (! T]M1 "NLY1 7#A7 T F ? T W
NECESS>ILY RESULT 7,8F ?' EI )\T
QUALIFIC,N OR 9 MO/ CASES72 7#B7 T ,8?
M/ 2 S IF T IS 6BE S0' 7Z ! 3CLU.N
PRESUPPOSES ! PREMISSES72 7#C7 T ? 0 !
ESS;E (! ?+2 & 7#D7 2C X IS BETT] ?US 7N
)\T QUALIFIC,N1 B ) REF];E 6! ESS5TIAL
NATURE 9 EA* CASE74
  #H
  ,WE M/ EXPLA9 !N 7#A7 T ,NATURE 2L;GS
6! CLASS ( CAUSES : ACT =! SAKE ( "S?+2
7#B7 AB ! NEC & XS PLACE 9 PHYSICAL
PRO#MS1 = ALL WRIT]S ASCRIBE ?+S 6?
CAUSE1 >GU+ T S9CE ! HOT &! COLD1 &C41
>E ( S* & S* A K9D1 "!=E C]TA9 ?+S
NECESS>ILY >E & -E 6BE-& IF !Y M5;N ANY
O!R CAUSE 7"O 8 ,8FR%IP & /RIFE0'1 ANO!R
8 ,8M9D0'71 X IS ONLY 6T\* ON X1 & !N
GD-BYE 6X4
  ,A DI6ICULTY PRES5TS XF3 :Y %D N
NATURE "W1 N =! SAKE ( "S?+1 NOR 2C X IS
BETT] S1 B J Z ! SKY RA9S1 N 9 ORD]
6MAKE ! CORN GR[1 B ( NECESS;Y8 ,:AT IS
DRAWN UP M/ COOL1 & :AT HAS BE5 COOL$ M/
2COME WAT] & DESC5D1 ! RESULT ( ? 2+ T !
CORN GR[S4 ,SIMIL>LY IF A MAN'S CROP IS
SPOIL$ ON ! ?RE%+-FLOOR1 ! RA9 DID N
FALL =! SAKE ( ?-IN ORD] T ! CROP MI<T 2
SPOIL$-B T RESULT J FOLL[$4 ,:Y !N %D X
N 2 ! SAME )! "PS 9 NATURE1 E4G4 T \R
TEE? %D -E UP ( NECESS;Y-! FRONT TEE?
%>P1 FITT$ = TE>+1 ! MOL>S BROAD & USE;L
= GR9D+ D[N ! FOOD-S9CE !Y DID N >ISE =
? 5D1 B X 0 M]ELY A CO9CID5T RESULT2 & S
) ALL O!R "PS 9 : WE SUPPOSE T "! IS
PURPOSE8 ,:]"E !N ALL ! "PS CAME AB J
:AT !Y WD H BE5 IF !Y _H -E 2 = AN 5D1
S* ?+S SURVIV$1 2+ ORGANIZ$ SPONTANE\SLY
9 A FITT+ WAY2 ":AS ^? : GREW O!RWISE
P]I%$ & 3T9UE 6P]I%1 Z ,EMP$OCLES SAYS 8
,8MAN-FAC$ OX-PROG5Y0' DID4
  ,S* >E ! >GU;TS 7& O!RS (! K9D7 : MAY
CAUSE DI6ICULTY ON ? PO9T4 ,YET X IS
IMPOSSI# T ? %D 2 ! TRUE VIEW4 ,= TEE? &
ALL O!R NATURAL ?+S EI 9V>IABLY OR
NORM,Y -E AB 9 A GIV5 WAY2 B ( N "O (!
RESULTS ( *.E OR SPONTANE;Y IS ? TRUE4
,WE D N ASCRIBE 6*.E OR M]E CO9CID;E !
FREQU5CY ( RA9 9 W9T]1 B FREQU5T RA9 9
SUMM] WE D2 NOR H1T 9 ! DOG-"DS1 B ONLY
IF WE H X 9 W9T]4 ,IF !N1 X IS AGRE$ T
?+S >E EI ! RESULT ( CO9CID;E OR = AN
5D1 & ^! _C 2 ! RESULT ( CO9CID;E OR
SPONTANE;Y1 X FOLL[S T !Y M/ 2 = AN 5D2
& T S* ?+S >E ALL DUE 6NATURE EV5 !
*AMPIONS (! !ORY : IS 2F U WD AGREE4
,"!=E AC;N = AN 5D IS PRES5T 9 ?+S : -E
6BE & >E 0NATURE4
  ,FUR!R1 ": A S]IES HAS A -PLE;N1 ALL !
PREC$+ /EPS >E =! SAKE ( T4 ,N[ SURELY Z
9 9TELLIG5T AC;N1 S 9 NATURE2 & Z 9
NATURE1 S X IS 9 EA* AC;N1 IF NO?+
9T]F]ES4 ,N[ 9TELLIG5T AC;N IS =! SAKE (
AN 5D2 "!=E ! NATURE ( ?+S AL IS S4 ,?US
IF A H\SE1 E4G4 _H BE5 A ?+ MADE
0NATURE1 X WD H BE5 MADE 9 ! SAME WAY Z
X IS N[ 0>T2 & IF ?+S MADE 0NATURE 7
MADE AL 0>T1 !Y WD -E 6BE 9 ! SAME WAY Z
0NATURE4 ,EA* /EP !N 9 ! S]IES IS =!
SAKE (! NEXT2 & G5],Y >T "PLY -PLETES
:AT NATURE _C BR+ 6A F9I%1 & "PLY
IMITATES H]4 ,IF1 "!=E1 >TIFICIAL
PRODUCTS >E =! SAKE ( AN 5D1 S CLE>LY AL
>E NATURAL PRODUCTS4 ,! REL,N (! LAT] 6!
E>LI] T]MS (! S]IES IS ! SAME 9 BO?4 ,?
IS MO/ OBVI\S 9 ! ANIMALS O!R ?AN MAN3
!Y MAKE ?+S NEI 0>T NOR AF 9QUIRY OR
DELIB],N4 ,":=E P 4CUSS :E!R X IS
09TELLIG;E OR 0"S O!R FACULTY T ^!
CR1TURES "W1SPID]S1 ANTS1 &! L4
,0GRADUAL ADV.E 9 ? DIREC;N WE -E 6SEE
CLE>LY T 9 PLANTS TOO T IS PRODUC$ : IS
3DUCIVE 6! 5D-L1VES1 E4G4 GR[ 6PROVIDE
%ADE =! FRUIT4 ,IF !N X IS BO? 0NATURE &
= AN 5D T ! SWALL[ MAKES XS NE/ &! SPID]
XS WEB1 & PLANTS GR[ L1VES =! SAKE (!
FRUIT & S5D _! ROOTS D[N 7N UP7 =! SAKE
( N\RI%;T1 X IS PLA9 T ? K9D ( CAUSE IS
OP]ATIVE 9 ?+S : -E 6BE & >E 0NATURE4 ,&
S9CE ,8NATURE0' M1NS TWO ?+S1 ! MATT] &!
=M1 ( : ! LATT] IS ! 5D1 & S9CE ALL !
RE/ IS =! SAKE (! 5D1 ! =M M/ 2 ! CAUSE
9 ! S5SE ( ,8T =! SAKE ( :0'4
  ,N[ MISTAKES -E 6PASS EV5 9 ! OP],NS (
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