             ,,BOOK ,,VIII
                   #A
  ,AF :AT WE H SD1 A 4CUS.N ( FR%IP WD
NATUR,Y FOLL[1 S9CE X IS A VIRTUE OR
IMPLIES VIRTUE1 & IS 2SS MO/ NEC )A VIEW
6LIV+4 ,= )\T FRS NO "O WD *OOSE 6LIVE1
?\< HE _H ALL O!R GDS2 EV5 RI* M5 & ^? 9
POSSES.N ( (FICE &( DOM9AT+ P[] >E ?"\
6NE$ FRS MO/ ( ALL2 = :AT IS ! USE ( S*
PROSP];Y )\T ! OPPORTUN;Y ( 2NEFIC;E1 :
IS EX]CIS$ *IEFLY & 9 XS MO/ LAUDA# =M
T[>DS FRS8 ,OR H[ C PROSP];Y 2 GU>D$ &
PRES]V$ )\T FRS8 ,! GRT] X IS1 ! M
EXPOS$ IS X 6RISK4 ,& 9 POV]TY & 9 O!R
MIS=TUNES M5 ?9K FRS >E ! ONLY REFUGE4
,X HELPS ! "Y1 TOO1 6KEEP F ]ROR2 X AIDS
OLD] P 0M9I/]+ 6_! NE$S & SUPPLE;T+ !
ACTIVITIES T >E FAIL+ F W1K;S2 ^? 9 !
PRIME ( LIFE X /IMULATES 6NO# AC;NS-
,8TWO GO+ TGR'-=) FRS M5 >E M A# BO?
6?9K & 6ACT4 ,AG1 P>5T SEEMS 0NATURE
6FEEL X = (FSPR+ & (FSPR+ = P>5T1 N ONLY
AM;G M5 B AM;G BIRDS & AM;G MO/ ANIMALS2
X IS FELT MUTU,Y 0MEMB]S (! SAME RACE1 &
ESPECI,Y 0M51 :;E WE PRAISE LOV]S ( _!
FELL[M54 ,WE MAY EV5 9 \R TRAVELS H[ NE>
& DE> E MAN IS 6E O!R4 ,FR%IP SEEMS TOO
6HOLD /ATES TGR1 & LAWGIV]S 6C>E M = X
?AN = JU/ICE2 = UNANIM;Y SEEMS 6BE "S?+
L FR%IP1 & ? !Y AIM AT MO/ ( ALL1 &
EXPEL FAC;N Z _! WOR/ 5EMY2 & :5 M5 >E
FRS !Y H NO NE$ ( JU/ICE1 :ILE :5 !Y >E
J !Y NE$ FR%IP Z WELL1 &! TRUE/ =M (
JU/ICE IS ?"\ 6BE A FRLY QUAL;Y4
  ,B X IS N ONLY NEC B AL NO#2 = WE
PRAISE ^? :O LOVE _! FRS1 & X IS ?"\ 6BE
A F9E ?+ 6H _M FRS2 & AG WE ?9K X IS !
SAME P T >E GD M5 & >E FRS4
  ,N A FEW ?+S AB FR%IP >E MATT]S (
DEBATE4 ,"S DEF9E X Z A K9D ( LIKE;S &
SAY L P >E FRS1 :;E -E ! SAY+S ,8L 6L0'1
,8BIRDS (A F1!R FLOCK TGR0'1 & S ON2
O!RS ON ! 3TR>Y SAY ,8TWO (A TRADE N"E
AGREE0'4 ,ON ? V "Q !Y 9QUIRE = DEEP] &
M PHYSICAL CAUSES1 ,EURIPIDES SAY+ T
,8P>*$ E>? LOVES ! RA91 & /ATELY H1V5 :5
FILL$ ) RA9 LOVES 6FALL 6E>?0'1 &
,H]ACLITUS T ,8X IS :AT OPPOSES T
HELPS0' & ,8F DI6]5T T"OS -ES ! FAIRE/
TUNE0' & ,8ALL ?+S >E PRODUC$ "?
/RIFE0'2 :ILE ,EMP$OCLES1 Z WELL Z O!RS1
EXPRESSES ! OPPOSITE VIEW T L AIMS AT L4
,! PHYSICAL PRO#MS WE MAY L1VE AL"O 7=
!Y D N 2L;G 6! PRES5T 9QUIRY72 LET U
EXAM9E ^? : >E HUMAN & 9VOLVE "* &
FEEL+1 E4G4 :E!R FR%IP C >ISE 2T ANY TWO
P OR P _C 2 FRS IF !Y >E WICK$1 & :E!R
"! IS "O SPECIES ( FR%IP OR M ?AN "O4
,^? :O ?9K "! IS ONLY "O 2C X ADMITS (
DEGREES H RELI$ ON AN 9ADEQUATE 9DIC,N2
= EV5 ?+S DI6]5T 9 SPECIES ADMIT (
DEGREE4 ,WE H 4CUSS$ ? MATT] PREVI\SLY4
                   #B
  ,! K9DS ( FR%IP MAY P]H 2 CLE>$ UP IF
WE F/ -E 6"K ! OBJECT ( LOVE4 ,= N "EY?+
SEEMS 6BE LOV$ B ONLY ! LOVA#1 & ? IS
GD1 PL1SANT1 OR USE;L2 B X WD SEEM 6BE T
0: "S GD OR PL1SURE IS PRODUC$ T IS
USE;L1 S T X IS ! GD &! USE;L T >E LOVA#
Z 5DS4 ,D M5 LOVE1 !N1 ! GD1 OR :AT IS
GD = !M8 ,^! "S"TS CLA%4 ,S TOO ) REG>D
6! PL1SANT4 ,N[ X IS ?"\ T EA* LOVES :AT
IS GD = HMF1 & T ! GD IS )\T QUALIFIC,N
LOVA#1 & :AT IS GD = EA* MAN IS LOVA# =
HM2 B EA* MAN LOVES N :AT IS GD = HM B
:AT SEEMS GD4 ,? H["E W MAKE NO DI6];E2
WE % J H 6SAY T ? IS ,8T : SEEMS
LOVA#0'4 ,N[ "! >E ?REE GR.DS ON : P
LOVE2 (! LOVE ( LIFE.S OBJECTS WE D N
USE ! ^W ,8FR%IP0'2 = X IS N MUTUAL
LOVE1 NOR IS "! A WI%+ ( GD 6! O!R 7= X
WD SURELY 2 RIDICUL\S 6WI% W9E WELL2 IF
"O WI%ES ANY?+ = X1 X IS T X MAY KEEP1 S
T "O MAY H X "OF72 B 6A FR WE SAY WE "\
6WI% :AT IS GD = 8 SAKE4 ,B 6^? :O ?US
WI% GD WE ASCRIBE ONLY GDWILL1 IF ! WI%
IS N RECIPROCAT$2 GDWILL :5 X IS
RECIPROCAL 2+ FR%IP4 ,OR M/ WE ADD ,8:5
X IS RECOGNIZ$0'8 ,= _M P H GDWILL 6^?
:OM !Y H N SE5 B JUDGE 6BE GD OR USE;L2
& "O ( ^! MI<T RETURN ? FEEL+4 ,^! P
SEEM 6BE> GDWILL 6EA* O!R2 B H[ CD "O
CALL !M FRS :5 !Y D N "K _! MUTUAL
FEEL+S8 ,6BE FRS1 !N1 ! M/ 2 MUTU,Y
RECOGNIZ$ Z BE>+ GDWILL & WI%+ WELL 6EA*
O!R = "O (! A=ESD R1SONS4

                   #C
  ,N[ ^! R1SONS DI6] F EA* O!R 9 K9D2 S1
"!=E1 D ! CORRESPOND+ =MS ( LOVE &
FR%IP4 ,"! >E "!=E ?REE K9DS ( FR%IP1
EQUAL 9 NUMB] 6! ?+S T >E LOVA#2 =)
RESPECT 6EA* "! IS A MUTUAL & RECOGNIZ$
LOVE1 & ^? :O LOVE EA* O!R WI% WELL 6EA*
O!R 9 T RESPECT 9 : !Y LOVE "O ANO!R4
,N[ ^? :O LOVE EA* O!R = _! UTIL;Y D N
LOVE EA* O!R = !MVS B 9 VIRTUE ( "S GD :
!Y GET F EA* O!R4 ,S TOO ) ^? :O LOVE =!
SAKE ( PL1SURE2 X IS N = _! "* T M5 LOVE
R1DY-WITT$ P1 B 2C !Y F9D !M PL1SANT4
,"!=E ^? :O LOVE =! SAKE ( UTIL;Y LOVE =
! SAKE ( :AT IS GD = !MVS1 & ^? :O LOVE
=! SAKE ( PL1SURE D S =! SAKE ( :AT IS
PL1SANT 6!MVS1 & N 9 S F> Z ! O!R IS !
P]SON LOV$ B 9 S F> Z HE IS USE;L OR
PL1SANT4 ,& ?US ^! FR%IPS >E ONLY
9CID5TAL2 = X IS N Z 2+ ! MAN HE IS T !
LOV$ P]SON IS LOV$1 B Z PROVID+ "S GD OR
PL1SURE4 ,S* FR%IPS1 !N1 >E EASILY
4SOLV$1 IF ! "PIES D N REMA9 L !MVS2 =
IF ! "O "PY IS NO L;G] PL1SANT OR USE;L
! O!R C1SES 6LOVE HM4
  ,N[ ! USE;L IS N P]MAN5T B IS ALW
*ANG+4 ,?US :5 ! MOTIVE (! FR%IP IS D"O
AWAY1 ! FR%IP IS 4SOLV$1 9ASM* Z X EXI/$
ONLY =! 5DS 9 "Q4 ,? K9D ( FR%IP SEEMS
6EXI/ *IEFLY 2T OLD P 7= AT T AGE P
PURSUE N ! PL1SANT B ! USE;L7 &1 ( ^? :O
>E 9 _! PRIME OR "Y1 2T ^? :O PURSUE
UTIL;Y4 ,& S* P D N LIVE M* ) EA* O!R
EI2 = "S"TS !Y D N EV5 F9D EA* O!R
PL1SANT2 "!=E !Y D N NE$ S* -PANION%IP
UN.S !Y >E USE;L 6EA* O!R2 = !Y >E
PL1SANT 6EA* O!R ONLY 9 S F> Z !Y R\SE 9
EA* O!R HOPES ( "S?+ GD 6-E4 ,AM;G S*
FR%IPS P AL CLASS ! FR%IP (A HO/ & GUE/4
,ON ! O!R H& ! FR%IP ( "Y P SEEMS 6AIM
AT PL1SURE2 = !Y LIVE "U ! GUID.E (
EMO;N1 & PURSUE ABV ALL :AT IS PL1SANT
6!MVS & :AT IS IMMLY 2F !M2 B ) 9CR1S+
AGE _! PL1SURES 2COME DI6]5T4 ,? IS :Y
!Y QKLY 2COME FRS & QKLY C1SE 6BE S2 _!
FR%IP *ANGES )! OBJECT T IS F.D PL1SANT1
& S* PL1SURE ALT]S QKLY4 ,"Y P >E AMOR\S
TOO2 =! GRT] "P (! FR%IP ( LOVE DEP5DS
ON EMO;N & AIMS AT PL1SURE2 ? IS :Y !Y
FALL 9 LOVE & QKLY FALL \ ( LOVE1 *ANG+
(T5 )9 A S+LE "D4 ,B ^! P D WI% 6SP5D _!
"DS & LIVES TGR2 = X IS ?US T !Y ATTA9 !
PURPOSE ( _! FR%IP4
  ,P]FECT FR%IP IS ! FR%IP ( M5 :O >E
GD1 & ALIKE 9 VIRTUE2 = ^! WI% WELL
ALIKE 6EA* O!R QUA GD1 & !Y >E GD !MVS4
,N[ ^? :O WI% WELL 6_! FRS = _! SAKE >E
MO/ TRULY FRS2 = !Y D ? 0R1SON ( [N
NATURE & N 9CID5T,Y2 "!=E _! FR%IP LA/S
Z L;G Z !Y >E GD-& GD;S IS AN 5DUR+ ?+4
,& EA* IS GD )\T QUALIFIC,N & 6HIS FR1 =
! GD >E BO? GD )\T QUALIFIC,N & USE;L
6EA* O!R4 ,S TOO !Y >E PL1SANT2 =! GD >E
PL1SANT BO? )\T QUALIFIC,N & 6EA* O!R1
S9CE 6EA* 8 [N ACTIVITIES & O!RS L !M >E
PL1SURA#1 &! AC;NS (! GD >E ! SAME OR L4
,& S* A FR%IP IS Z MI<T 2 EXPECT$
P]MAN5T1 S9CE "! MEET 9 X ALL !
QUALITIES T FRS %D H4 ,= ALL FR%IP IS =!
SAKE ( GD OR ( PL1SURE-GD OR PL1SURE EI
9 ! AB/RACT OR S* Z W 2 5JOY$ 0HM :O HAS
! FRLY FEEL+-& IS BAS$ ON A C]TA9
RESEMBL.E2 & 6A FR%IP ( GD M5 ALL !
QUALITIES WE H "ND 2L;G 9 VIRTUE (!
NATURE (! FRS !MVS2 = 9 ! CASE ( ? K9D (
FR%IP ! O!R QUALITIES AL >E ALIKE 9 BO?
FRS1 & T : IS GD )\T QUALIFIC,N IS AL
)\T QUALIFIC,N PL1SANT1 & ^! >E ! MO/
LOVA# QUALITIES4 ,LOVE & FR%IP "!=E >E
F.D MO/ & 9 _! BE/ =M 2T S* M54
  ,B X IS NATURAL T S* FR%IPS %D 2
9FREQU5T2 = S* M5 >E R>E4 ,FUR!R1 S*
FR%IP REQUIRES "T & FAMILI>;Y2 Z !
PROV]B SAYS1 M5 _C "K EA* O!R TILL !Y H
,8EAT5 SALT TGR0'2 NOR C !Y ADMIT EA*
O!R 6FR%IP OR 2 FRS TILL EA* HAS BE5 F.D
LOVA# & BE5 TRU/$ 0EA*4 ,^? :O QKLY %[ !
M>KS ( FR%IP 6EA* O!R WI% 6BE FRS1 B >E
N FRS UN.S !Y BO? >E LOVA# & "K ! FACT2
=A WI% = FR%IP MAY >ISE QKLY1 B FR%IP
DOES N4
                   #D
  ,? K9D ( FR%IP1 !N1 IS P]FECT BO? 9
RESPECT ( DUR,N & 9 ALL O!R RESPECTS1 &
9 X EA* GETS F EA* 9 ALL RESPECTS ! SAME
Z1 OR "S?+ L :AT1 HE GIVES2 : IS :AT "\
6HAPP5 2T FRS4 ,FR%IP =! SAKE ( PL1SURE
BE>S A RESEMBL.E 6? K9D2 = GD P TOO >E
PL1SANT 6EA* O!R4 ,S TOO DOES FR%IP =!
SAKE ( UTIL;Y2 =! GD >E AL USE;L 6EA*
O!R4 ,AM;G M5 ( ^! 9F]IOR SORTS TOO1
FR%IPS >E MO/ P]MAN5T :5 ! FRS GET !
SAME ?+ F EA* O!R 7E4G4 PL1SURE71 & N
ONLY T B AL F ! SAME S\RCE1 Z HAPP5S 2T
R1DYWITT$ P1 N Z HAPP5S 2T LOV] & 2LOV$4
,= ^! D N TAKE PL1SURE 9 ! SAME ?+S1 B !
"O 9 SEE+ ! 2LOV$ &! O!R 9 RCVG ATT5;NS
F 8 LOV]2 & :5 ! BLOOM ( Y\? IS PASS+ !
FR%IP "S"TS PASSES TOO 7=! "O F9DS NO
PL1SURE 9 ! SI<T (! O!R1 &! O!R GETS NO
ATT5;NS F ! F/72 B _M LOV]S ON ! O!R H&
>E 3/ANT1 IF FAMILI>;Y HAS L$ !M 6LOVE
EA* O!R'S "*S1 ^! 2+ ALIKE4 ,B ^? :O
EX*ANGE N PL1SURE B UTIL;Y 9 _! AM\R >E
BO? LESS TRULY FRS & LESS 3/ANT4 ,^? :O
>E FRS =! SAKE ( UTIL;Y "P :5 !
ADVANTAGE IS AT AN 5D2 = !Y 7 LOV]S N (
EA* O!R B ( PR(IT4
  ,=! SAKE ( PL1SURE OR UTIL;Y1 !N1 EV5
BAD M5 MAY 2 FRS ( EA* O!R1 OR GD M5 (
BAD1 OR "O :O IS NEI GD NOR BAD MAY 2 A
FR 6ANY SORT ( P]SON1 B = _! [N SAKE
CLE>LY ONLY GD M5 C 2 FRS2 = BAD M5 D N
DELI<T 9 EA* O!R UN.S "S ADVANTAGE -E (!
REL,N4
  ,! FR%IP (! GD TOO & ? AL"O IS PRO(
AG/ SL&]2 = X IS N EASY 6TRU/ ANY "O
TALK AB A MAN :O HAS L;G BE5 TE/$ 0"OF2
& X IS AM;G GD M5 T TRU/ &! FEEL+ T ,8HE
WD N"E WR;G ME0' & ALL ! O!R ?+S T >E
DEM&$ 9 TRUE FR%IP >E F.D4 ,9 ! O!R K9DS
( FR%IP1 H["E1 "! IS NO?+ 6PREV5T ^!
EVILS >IS+4 ,= M5 APPLY ! "N ( FRS EV5
6^? ^: MOTIVE IS UTIL;Y1 9 : S5SE /ATES
>E SD 6BE FRLY 7=! ALLI.ES ( /ATES SEEM
6AIM AT ADVANTAGE71 & 6^? :O LOVE EA*
O!R =! SAKE ( PL1SURE1 9 : S5SE *N >E
CALL$ FRS4 ,"!=E WE TOO "\ P]H 6CALL S*
P FRS1 & SAY T "! >E S"EAL K9DS ( FR%IP-
F/LY & 9 ! PROP] S5SE T ( GD M5 QUA GD1
& 0ANALOGY ! O!R K9DS2 = X IS 9 VIRTUE (
"S?+ GD & "S?+ AK9 6:AT IS F.D 9 TRUE
FR%IP T !Y >E FRS1 S9CE EV5 ! PL1SANT IS
GD =! LOV]S ( PL1SURE4 ,B ^! TWO K9DS (
FR%IP >E N (T5 UNIT$1 NOR D ! SAME P
2COME FRS =! SAKE ( UTIL;Y &( PL1SURE2 =
?+S T >E ONLY 9CID5T,Y 3NECT$ >E N (T5
C\PL$ TGR4
  ,FR%IP 2+ DIVID$ 96^! K9DS1 BAD M5 W 2
FRS =! SAKE ( PL1SURE OR ( UTIL;Y1 2+ 9
? RESPECT L EA* O!R1 B GD M5 W 2 FRS =
_! [N SAKE1 I4E4 9 VIRTUE ( _! GD;S4
,^!1 !N1 >E FRS )\T QUALIFIC,N2 ! O!RS
>E FRS 9CID5T,Y & "? A RESEMBL.E 6^!4
                   #E
  ,Z 9 REG>D 6! VIRTUES "S M5 >E CALL$
GD 9 RESPECT (A /ATE ( "*1 O!RS 9
RESPECT ( AN ACTIV;Y1 S TOO 9 ! CASE (
FR%IP2 = ^? :O LIVE TGR DELI<T 9 EA* O!R
& 3F] B5EFITS ON EA* O!R1 B ^? :O >E
ASLEEP OR LOC,Y SEP>AT$ >E N P]=M+1 B >E
4POS$ 6P]=M1 ! ACTIVITIES ( FR%IP2 4T.E
DOES N BR1K (F ! FR%IP ABSOLUTELY1 B
ONLY ! ACTIV;Y ( X4 ,B IF ! ABS;E IS
LA/+1 X SEEMS ACTU,Y 6MAKE M5 =GET _!
FR%IP2 H;E ! SAY+ ,8\ ( SI<T1 \ ( M9D0'4
,NEI OLD P NOR S\R P SEEM 6MAKE FRS
EASILY2 = "! IS LL T IS PL1SANT 9 !M1 &
NO "O C SP5D 8 "DS ) "O ^: -PANY IS
PA9;L1 OR N PL1SANT1 S9CE NATURE SEEMS
ABV ALL 6AVOID ! PA9;L & 6AIM AT !
PL1SANT4 ,^?1 H["E1 :O APPROVE ( EA* O!R
B D N LIVE TGR SEEM 6BE WELL-4POS$ R ?AN
ACTUAL FRS4 ,= "! IS NO?+ S "*I/IC ( FRS
Z LIV+ TGR 7S9CE :ILE X P :O >E 9 NE$ T
DESIRE B5EFITS1 EV5 ^? :O >E SUPREMELY
HAPPY DESIRE 6SP5D _! "DS TGR2 =
SOLITUDE SUITS S* P L1/ ( ALL72 B P _C
LIVE TGR IF !Y >E N PL1SANT & D N 5JOY !
SAME ?+S1 Z FRS :O >E -PANIONS SEEM 6D4
  ,! TRUE/ FR%IP1 !N1 IS T (! GD1 Z WE H
FREQU5TLY SD2 = T : IS )\T QUALIFIC,N GD
OR PL1SANT SEEMS 6BE LOVA# & DESIRA#1 &=
EA* P]SON T : IS GD OR PL1SANT 6HM2 &!
GD MAN IS LOVA# & DESIRA# 6! GD MAN =
BO? ^! R1SONS4 ,N[ X LOOKS Z IF LOVE 7 A
FEEL+1 FR%IP A /ATE ( "*2 = LOVE MAY 2
FELT J Z M* T[>DS LIFE.S ?+S1 B MUTUAL
LOVE 9VOLVES *OICE & *OICE SPR+S F A
/ATE ( "*2 & M5 WI% WELL 6^? :OM !Y
LOVE1 = _! SAKE1 N Z A RESULT ( FEEL+ B
Z A RESULT (A /ATE ( "*4 ,& 9 LOV+ A FR
M5 LOVE :AT IS GD = !MVS2 =! GD MAN 9
2COM+ A FR 2COMES A GD 6HIS FR4 ,EA*1
!N1 BO? LOVES :AT IS GD = HMF1 & MAKES
AN EQUAL RETURN 9 GDWILL & 9 PL1SANT;S2
= FR%IP IS SD 6BE EQUAL;Y1 & BO? ( ^! >E
F.D MO/ 9 ! FR%IP (! GD4
                   #F
  ,2T S\R & ELD]LY P FR%IP >ISES LESS
R1DILY1 9ASM* Z !Y >E LESS GD-TEMP]$ &
5JOY -PANION%IP LESS2 = ^! >E ?\ 6BE !
GRTE/ M>KS ( FR%IP PRODUCTIVE ( X4 ,? IS
:Y1 :ILE M5 2COME FRS QKLY1 OLD M5 D N2
X IS 2C M5 D N 2COME FRS ) ^? 9 :OM !Y D
N DELI<T2 & SIMIL>LY S\R P D N QKLY MAKE
FRS EI4 ,B S* M5 MAY BE> GDWILL 6EA*
O!R2 = !Y WI% "O ANO!R WELL & AID "O
ANO!R 9 NE$2 B !Y >E H>DLY FRS 2C !Y D N
SP5D _! "DS TGR NOR DELI<T 9 EA* O!R1 &
^! >E ?"\ ! GRTE/ M>KS ( FR%IP4
  ,"O _C 2 A FR 6_M P 9 ! S5SE ( HAV+
FR%IP (! P]FECT TYPE ) !M1 J Z "O _C 2 9
LOVE ) _M P AT ONCE 7= LOVE IS A SORT (
EXCESS ( FEEL+1 & X IS ! NATURE ( S*
ONLY 6BE FELT T[>DS "O P]SON72 & X IS N
EASY = _M P AT ! SAME "T 6PL1SE ! SAME
P]SON V GRTLY1 OR P]H EV5 6BE GD 9 8
EYES4 ,"O M/1 TOO1 ACQUIRE "S EXP]I;E (!
O!R P]SON & 2COME FAMILI> ) HM1 & T IS V
H>D4 ,B )A VIEW 6UTIL;Y OR PL1SURE X IS
POSSI# T _M P %D PL1SE "O2 = _M P >E
USE;L OR PL1SANT1 & ^! S]VICES TAKE LL
"T4
  ,( ^! TWO K9DS T : IS =! SAKE (
PL1SURE IS ! M L FR%IP1 :5 BO? "PIES GET
! SAME ?+S F EA* O!R & DELI<T 9 EA* O!R
OR 9 ! ?+S1 Z 9 ! FR%IPS (! "Y2 =
G5]OS;Y IS M F.D 9 S* FR%IPS4 ,FR%IP
BAS$ ON UTIL;Y IS =! -M]CI,Y M9D$4 ,P :O
>E SUPREMELY HAPPY1 TOO1 H NO NE$ (
USE;L FRS1 B D NE$ PL1SANT FRS2 = !Y WI%
6LIVE ) "S "O &1 ?\< !Y C 5DURE =A %ORT
"T :AT IS PA9;L1 NO "O CD PUT UP ) X
3T9U\SLY1 NOR EV5 )! ,GD XF IF X 7 PA9;L
6HM2 ? IS :Y !Y LOOK \ = FRS :O >E
PL1SANT4 ,P]H !Y %D LOOK \ = FRS :O1 2+
PL1SANT1 >E AL GD1 & GD = !M TOO2 = S !Y
W H ALL ! "*I/ICS T FRS %D H4
  ,P 9 POSI;NS ( AU?OR;Y SEEM 6H FRS :O
FALL 964T9CT CLASSES2 "S P >E USE;L 6!M
& O!RS >E PL1SANT1 B ! SAME P >E R>ELY
BO?2 = !Y SEEK NEI ^? ^: PL1SANT;S IS
A3OMPANI$ 0VIRTUE NOR ^? ^: UTIL;Y IS )A
VIEW 6NO# OBJECTS1 B 9 _! DESIRE =
PL1SURE !Y SEEK = R1DY-WITT$ P1 & _! O!R
FRS !Y *OOSE Z 2+ CL"E AT DO+ :AT !Y >E
TOLD1 & ^! "*I/ICS >E R>ELY -B9$4 ,N[ WE
H SD T ! GD MAN IS AT ! SAME "T PL1SANT
& USE;L2 B S* A MAN DOES N 2COME ! FR (
"O :O SURPASSES HM 9 /,N1 UN.S HE IS
SURPASS$ AL 9 VIRTUE2 IF ? IS N S1 HE
DOES N E/ABLI% EQUAL;Y 02+ PROPOR;N,Y
EXCE$$ 9 BO? RESPECTS4 ,B P :O SURPASS
HM 9 BO? RESPECTS >E N S EASY 6F9D4
  ,H["E T MAY BE1 ! A=ESD FR%IPS 9VOLVE
EQUAL;Y2 =! FRS GET ! SAME ?+S F "O
ANO!R & WI% ! SAME ?+S = "O ANO!R1 OR
EX*ANGE "O ?+ = ANO!R1 E4G4 PL1SURE =
UTIL;Y2 WE H SD1 H["E1 T !Y >E BO? LESS
TRULY FR%IPS & LESS P]MAN5T4
  ,B X IS F _! LIKE;S & _! UNLIKE;S 6!
SAME ?+ T !Y >E ?"\ BO? 6BE & N 6BE
FR%IPS4 ,X IS 0_! LIKE;S 6! FR%IP (
VIRTUE T !Y SEEM 6BE FR%IPS 7= "O ( !M
9VOLVES PL1SURE &! O!R UTIL;Y1 & ^!
"*I/ICS 2L;G 6! FR%IP ( VIRTUE Z WELL72
:ILE X IS 2C ! FR%IP ( VIRTUE IS PRO(
AG/ SL&] & P]MAN5T1 :ILE ^! QKLY *ANGE
72SS DI6]+ F ! =M] 9 _M O!R RESPECTS71 T
!Y APPE> N 6BE FR%IPS2 I4E4 X IS 2C ( _!
UNLIKE;S 6! FR%IP ( VIRTUE4
                   #G
  ,B "! IS ANO!R K9D ( FR%IP1 VIZ4 T :
9VOLVES AN 9EQUAL;Y 2T ! "PIES1 E4G4 T (
"F 6SON & 9 G5]AL ( ELD] 6"Y]1 T ( MAN
6WIFE & 9 G5]AL T ( RUL] 6SUBJECT4 ,& ^!
FR%IPS DI6] AL F EA* O!R2 = X IS N !
SAME T EXI/S 2T P>5TS & *N & 2T RUL]S &
SUBJECTS1 NOR IS EV5 T ( "F 6SON ! SAME
Z T ( SON 6"F1 NOR T ( HUSB& 6WIFE !
SAME Z T ( WIFE 6HUSB&4 ,=! VIRTUE &!
FUNC;N ( EA* ( ^! IS DI6]5T1 & S >E !
R1SONS = : !Y LOVE2 ! LOVE &! FR%IP >E
"!=E DI6]5T AL4 ,EA* "PY1 !N1 NEI GETS !
SAME F ! O!R1 NOR "\ 6SEEK X2 B :5 *N
R5D] 6P>5TS :AT !Y "\ 6R5D] 6^? :O BR"\
!M 96! _W1 & P>5TS R5D] :AT !Y %D 6_!
*N1 ! FR%IP ( S* P]SONS W 2 ABID+ &
EXCELL5T4 ,9 ALL FR%IPS IMPLY+ 9EQUAL;Y
! LOVE AL %D 2 PROPOR;NAL1 I4E4 ! BETT]
%D 2 M LOV$ ?AN HE LOVES1 & S %D ! M
USE;L1 & SIMIL>LY 9 EA* (! O!R CASES2 =
:5 ! LOVE IS 9 PROPOR;N 6! M]IT (!
"PIES1 !N 9 A S5SE >ISES EQUAL;Y1 : IS
C]TA9LY HELD 6BE "*I/IC ( FR%IP4
  ,B EQUAL;Y DOES N SEEM 6TAKE ! SAME =M
9 ACTS ( JU/ICE & 9 FR%IP2 = 9 ACTS (
JU/ICE :AT IS EQUAL 9 ! PRIM>Y S5SE IS T
: IS 9 PROPOR;N 6M]IT1 :ILE QUANTITATIVE
EQUAL;Y IS SECOND>Y1 B 9 FR%IP
QUANTITATIVE EQUAL;Y IS PRIM>Y &
PROPOR;N 6M]IT SECOND>Y4 ,? 2COMES CLE>
IF "! IS A GRT 9T]VAL 9 RESPECT ( VIRTUE
OR VICE OR W1L? OR ANY?+ ELSE 2T !
"PIES2 = !N !Y >E NO L;G] FRS1 & D N EV5
EXPECT 6BE S4 ,& ? IS MO/ MANIFE/ 9 !
CASE (! GODS2 = !Y SURPASS U MO/
DECISIVELY 9 ALL GD ?+S4 ,B X IS CLE> AL
9 ! CASE ( K+S2 =) !M1 TOO1 M5 :O >E M*
_! 9F]IORS D N EXPECT 6BE FRS2 NOR D M5
( NO A3.T EXPECT 6BE FRS )! BE/ OR WISE/
M54 ,9 S* CASES X IS N POSSI# 6DEF9E
EXACTLY UP 6:AT PO9T FRS C REMA9 FRS2 =
M* C 2 TAK5 AWAY & FR%IP REMA91 B :5 "O
"PY IS REMOV$ 6A GRT 4T.E1 Z ,GOD IS1 !
POSSIBIL;Y ( FR%IP C1SES4 ,? IS 9 FACT !
ORIG9 (! "Q :E!R FRS RE,Y WI% = _! FRS !
GRTE/ GDS1 E4G4 T ( 2+ GODS2 S9CE 9 T
CASE _! FRS W NO L;G] 2 FRS 6!M1 & "!=E
W N 2 GD ?+S = !M 7= FRS >E GD ?+S74 ,!
ANSW] IS T IF WE 7 "R 9 SAY+ T FR WI%ES
GD 6FR = 8 SAKE1 8 FR M/ REMA9 ! SORT (
2+ HE IS1 :AT"E T MAY BE2 "!=E X IS = HM
OILY S L;G Z HE REMA9S A MAN T HE W WI%
! GRTE/ GDS4 ,B P]H N ALL ! GRTE/ GDS2 =
X IS = HMF MO/ ( ALL T EA* MAN WI%ES :AT
IS GD4
                   #H
  ,MO/ P SEEM1 [+ 6AMBI;N1 6WI% 6BE LOV$
R ?AN 6LOVE2 : IS :Y MO/ M5 LOVE
FLATT]Y2 =! FLATT]] IS A FR 9 AN 9F]IOR
POSI;N1 OR PRET5DS 6BE S* & 6LOVE M ?AN
HE IS LOV$2 & 2+ LOV$ SEEMS 6BE AK9 62+
HON\R$1 & ? IS :AT MO/ P AIM AT4 ,B X
SEEMS 6BE N = XS [N SAKE T P *OOSE
HON\R1 B 9CID5T,Y4 ,= MO/ P 5JOY 2+
HON\R$ 0^? 9 POSI;NS ( AU?OR;Y 2C ( _!
HOPES 7= !Y ?9K T IF !Y WANT ANY?+ !Y W
GET X F !M2 & "!=E !Y DELI<T 9 HON\R Z A
TOK5 ( FAV\R 6-E72 :ILE ^? :O DESIRE
HON\R F GD M51 & M5 :O "K1 >E AIM+ AT
3FIRM+ _! [N OP9ION ( !MVS2 !Y DELI<T 9
HON\R1 "!=E1 2C !Y 2LIEVE 9 _! [N GD;S
ON ! /R5G? (! JUDGE;T ( ^? :O SP1K AB
!M4 ,9 2+ LOV$1 ON ! O!R H&1 P DELI<T =
XS [N SAKE2 :;E X WD SEEM 6BE BETT] ?AN
2+ HON\R$1 & FR%IP 6BE DESIRA# 9 XF4 ,B
X SEEMS 6LIE 9 LOV+ R ?AN 9 2+ LOV$1 Z
IS 9DICAT$ 0! DELI<T "MS TAKE 9 LOV+2 =
"S "MS H& OV] _! *N 6BE BR"\ UP1 & S L;G
Z !Y "K _! FATE !Y LOVE !M & D N SEEK
6BE LOV$ 9 RETURN 7IF !Y _C H BO?71 B
SEEM 6BE SATISFI$ IF !Y SEE !M PROSP]+2
& !Y !MVS LOVE _! *N EV5 IF ^! [+ 6_!
IGNOR.E GIVE !M NO?+ (A "M'S DUE4 ,N[
S9CE FR%IP DEP5DS M ON LOV+1 & X IS ^?
:O LOVE _! FRS T >E PRAIS$1 LOV+ SEEMS
6BE ! "*I/IC VIRTUE ( FRS1 S T X IS ONLY
^? 9 :OM ? IS F.D 9 DUE M1SURE T >E LA/+
FRS1 & ONLY _! FR%IP T 5DURES4
  ,X IS 9 ? WAY M ?AN ANY O!R T EV5
UNEQUALS C 2 FRS2 !Y C 2 EQUALIZ$4 ,N[
EQUAL;Y & LIKE;S >E FR%IP1 & ESPECI,Y !
LIKE;S ( ^? :O >E L 9 VIRTUE2 = 2+
/1DFA/ 9 !MVS !Y HOLD FA/ 6EA* O!R1 &
NEI ASK NOR GIVE BASE S]VICES1 B 7"O MAY
SAY7 EV5 PREV5T !M2 = X IS "*I/IC ( GD
M5 NEI 6G WR;G !MVS NOR 6LET _! FRS D S4
,B WICK$ M5 H NO /1DFA/;S 7= !Y D N
REMA9 EV5 L 6!MVS71 B 2COME FRS =A %ORT
"T 2C !Y DELI<T 9 EA* O!R'S WICK$;S4
,FRS :O >E USE;L OR PL1SANT LA/ L;G]2
I4E4 Z L;G Z !Y PROVIDE EA* O!R )
5JOY;TS OR ADVANTAGES4 ,FR%IP = UTIL;Y'S
SAKE SEEMS 6BE T : MO/ EASILY EXI/S 2T
3TR>IES1 E4G4 2T POOR & RI*1 2T IGNORANT
& LE>N$2 = :AT A MAN ACTU,Y LACKS HE
AIMS AT1 & "O GIVES "S?+ ELSE 9 RETURN4
,B "U ? H1D1 TOO1 MI<T BR+ LOV] & 2LOV$1
B1UTI;L & UGLY4 ,? IS :Y LOV]S "S"TS
SEEM RIDICUL\S1 :5 !Y DEM& 6BE LOV$ Z !Y
LOVE2 IF !Y >E EQU,Y LOVA# _! CLAIM C
P]H 2 JU/IFI$1 B :5 !Y H NO?+ LOVA# AB
!M X IS RIDICUL\S4 ,P]H1 H["E1 3TR>Y
DOES N EV5 AIM AT 3TR>Y 0XS [N NATURE1 B
ONLY 9CID5T,Y1 ! DESIRE 2+ = :AT IS
9T]M$IATE2 = T IS :AT IS GD1 E4G4 X IS
GD =! DRY N 62COME WET B 6-E 6!
9T]M$IATE /ATE1 & SIMIL>LY )! HOT & 9
ALL O!R CASES4 ,^! SUBJECTS WE MAY
4MISS2 = !Y >E 9DE$ "S:AT =EIGN 6\R
9QUIRY4
                   #I
  ,FR%IP & JU/ICE SEEM1 Z WE H SD AT !
\TSET ( \R 4CUS.N1 6BE 3C]N$ )! SAME
OBJECTS & EXHIBIT$ 2T ! SAME P]SONS4 ,=
9 E -MUN;Y "! IS ?"\ 6BE "S =M ( JU/ICE1
& FR%IP TOO2 AT L1/ M5 A4RESS Z FRS _!
FELL[-VOYAG]S & FELL[SOLDI]S1 & S TOO ^?
ASSOCIAT$ ) !M 9 ANY O!R K9D ( -MUN;Y4
,&! EXT5T ( _! ASSOCI,N IS ! EXT5T ( _!
FR%IP1 Z X IS ! EXT5T 6: JU/ICE EXI/S 2T
!M4 ,&! PROV]B ,8:AT FRS H IS -MON
PROP]TY0' EXPRESSES ! TRU?2 = FR%IP
DEP5DS ON -MUN;Y4 ,N[ BRO!RS & -RADES H
ALL ?+S 9 -MON1 B ! O!RS 6:OM WE H
REF]R$ H DEF9ITE ?+S 9 -MON-"S M ?+S1
O!RS FEW]2 =( FR%IPS1 TOO1 "S >E M &
O!RS LESS TRULY FR%IPS4 ,&! CLAIMS (
JU/ICE DI6] TOO2 ! DUTIES ( P>5TS 6*N1 &
^? ( BRO!RS 6EA* O!R >E N ! SAME1 NOR ^?
( -RADES & ^? ( FELL[-CITIZ5S1 & S1 TOO1
)! O!R K9DS ( FR%IP4 ,"! IS A DI6];E1
"!=E1 AL 2T ! ACTS T >E UNJU/ T[>DS EA*
( ^! CLASSES ( ASSOCIATES1 &! 9JU/ICE
9CR1SES 02+ EXHIBIT$ T[>DS ^? :O >E FRS
9 A FULL] S5SE2 E4G4 X IS A M T]RI# ?+
6DEFRAUD A -RADE ?AN A FELL[-CITIZ51 M
T]RI# N 6HELP A BRO!R ?AN A /RANG]1 & M
T]RI# 6W.D A "F ?AN ANY "O ELSE4 ,&!
DEM&S ( JU/ICE AL SEEM 69CR1SE )! 9T5S;Y
(! FR%IP1 : IMPLIES T FR%IP & JU/ICE
EXI/ 2T ! SAME P]SONS & H AN EQUAL
EXT5.N4
  ,N[ ALL =MS ( -MUN;Y >E L "PS (!
POLITICAL -MUN;Y2 = M5 J\RNEY TGR )A
VIEW 6"S "PICUL> ADVANTAGE1 & 6PROVIDE
"S?+ T !Y NE$ =! PURPOSES ( LIFE2 & X IS
=! SAKE ( ADVANTAGE T ! POLITICAL -MUN;Y
TOO SEEMS BO? 6H -E TGR ORIG9,Y &
65DURE1 = ? IS :AT LEGISLATORS AIM AT1 &
!Y CALL J T : IS 6! -MON ADVANTAGE4 ,N[
! O!R -MUNITIES AIM AT ADVANTAGE BIT
0BIT1 E4G4 SAILORS AT :AT IS ADVANTAGE\S
ON A VOYAGE )A VIEW 6MAK+ M"OY OR "S?+ (
! K9D1 FELL[-SOLDI]S AT :AT IS
ADVANTAGE\S 9 W>1 :E!R X IS W1L? OR
VICTORY OR ! TAK+ (A C;Y T !Y SEEK1 &
MEMB]S ( TRIBES & DEMES ACT SIMIL>LY
7,"S -MUNITIES SEEM 6>ISE =! SAKE OR
PL1SURE1 VIZ4 RELIGI\S GUILDS & SOCIAL
CLUBS2 = ^! EXI/ RESPECTIVELY =! SAKE (
(F]+ SACRIFICE &( -PANION%IP4 ,B ALL ^!
SEEM 6FALL "U ! POLITICAL -MUN;Y2 = X
AIMS N AT PRES5T ADVANTAGE B AT :AT IS
ADVANTAGE\S = LIFE Z A :OLE71 (F]+
SACRIFICES & >RANG+ GA!R+S =! PURPOSE1 &
ASSIGN+ HON\RS 6! GODS1 & PROVID+
PL1SANT RELAX,NS = !MVS4 ,=! ANCI5T
SACRIFICES & GA!R+S SEEM 6TAKE PLACE AF
! H>VE/ Z A SORT ( F/FRUITS1 2C X 0 AT
^! S1SONS T P _H MO/ LEISURE4 ,ALL !
-MUNITIES1 !N1 SEEM 6BE "PS (! POLITICAL
-MUN;Y2 &! "PICUL> K9DS FR%IP W
CORRESPOND 6! "PICUL> K9DS ( -MUN;Y4
                  #AJ
  ,"! >E ?REE K9DS ( 3/ITU;N1 & AN EQUAL
NUMB] ( DEVI,N-=MS--P]V].NS1 Z X W]E1 (
!M4 ,! 3/ITU;NS >E MON>*Y1 >I/OCRACY1 &
?IRDLY T : IS BAS$ ON A PROP]TY
QUALIFIC,N1 : X SEEMS APPROPRIATE 6CALL
TIMOCRATIC1 ?\< MO/ P >E WONT 6CALL X
POL;Y4 ,! BE/ ( ^! IS MON>*Y1 ! WOR/
TIMOCRACY4 ,! DEVI,N F MON>*Y IS TYRANY2
= BO? >E =MS ( "O-MAN RULE1 B "! IS !
GRTE/ DI6];E 2T !M2 ! TYRANT LOOKS 6HIS
[N ADVANTAGE1 ! K+ 6T ( 8 SUBJECTS4 ,=A
MAN IS N A K+ UN.S HE IS SU6ICI5T 6HMF &
EXCELS 8 SUBJECTS 9 ALL GD ?+S2 & S* A
MAN NE$S NO?+ FUR!R2 "!=E HE W N LOOK
6HIS [N 9T]E/S B 6^? ( 8 SUBJECTS2 =A K+
:O IS N L T WD 2 A M]E TITUL> K+4 ,N[
TYRANNY IS ! V 3TR>Y ( ?2 ! TYRANT
PURSUES 8 [N GD4 ,& X IS CLE>] 9 ! CASE
( TYRANNY T X IS ! WOR/ DEVI,N-=M2 B X
IS ! 3TR>Y (! BE/ T IS WOR/4 ,MON>*Y
PASSES OV] 96TYRANNY2 = TYRANNY IS !
EVIL =M ( "O-MAN RULE &! BAD K+ 2COMES A
TYRANT4 ,>I/OCRACY PASSES OV] 96OLIG>*Y
0! BAD;S (! RUL]S1 :O 4TRIBUTE 3TR>Y
6EQU;Y :AT 2L;GS 6! C;Y-ALL OR MO/ (! GD
?+S 6!MVS1 & (FICE ALW 6! SAME P1 PAY+
MO/ REG>D 6W1L?2 ?US ! RUL]S >E FEW & >E
BAD M5 9/1D (! MO/ WOR?Y4 ,TIMOCRACY
PASSES OV] 96DEMOCRACY2 = ^! >E
COT]M9\S1 S9CE X IS ! ID1L EV5 (
TIMOCRACY 6BE ! RULE (! MAJOR;Y1 & ALL
:O H ! PROP]TY QUALIFIC,N C.T Z EQUAL4
,DEMOCRACY IS ! L1/ BAD (! DEVI,NS2 = 9
XS CASE ! =M ( 3/ITU;N IS B A SLI<T
DEVI,N4 ,^! !N >E ! *ANGES 6: 3/ITU;NS
>E MO/ SUBJECT2 = ^! >E ! SMALLE/ &
EASIE/ TRANSI;NS4
  ,"O MAY F9D RESEMBL.ES 6! 3/ITU;NS &1
Z X W]E1 PATT]NS ( !M EV5 9 H\SEHOLDS4
,=! ASSOCI,N (A "F ) 8 SONS BE>S ! =M (
MON>*Y1 S9CE ! "F C>ES = 8 *N2 & ? IS :Y
,HOM] CALLS ,ZEUS ,8"F0'2 X IS ! ID1L (
MON>*Y 6BE PAT]NAL RULE4 ,B AM;G !
,P]SIANS ! RULE (! "F IS TYRANNICAL2 !Y
USE _! SONS Z SLAVES4 ,TYRANNICAL TOO IS
! RULE (A MA/] OV] SLAVES2 = X IS !
ADVANTAGE (! MA/] T IS BR"\ AB 9 X4 ,N[
? SEEMS 6BE A CORRECT =M ( GOV]N;T1 B !
,P]SIAN TYPE IS P]V]T$2 =! MODES ( RULE
APPROPRIATE 6DI6]5T REL,NS >E DIV]SE4 ,!
ASSOCI,N ( MAN & WIFE SEEMS 6BE
>I/OCRATIC2 =! MAN RULES 9 A3ORD.E ) 8
WOR?1 & 9 ^? MATT]S 9 : A MAN %D RULE1 B
! MATT]S T 2FIT A WOMAN HE H&S OV] 6H]4
,IF ! MAN RULES 9 "EY?+ ! REL,N PASSES
OV] 96OLIG>*Y2 = 9 DO+ S HE IS N ACT+ 9
A3ORD.E ) _! RESPECTIVE WOR?1 & N RUL+ 9
VIRTUE ( 8 SUP]IOR;Y4 ,"S"TS1 H["E1 WOM5
RULE1 2C !Y >E HEIRESSES2 S _! RULE IS N
9 VIRTUE ( EXCELL;E B DUE 6W1L? & P[]1 Z
9 OLIG>*IES4 ,! ASSOCI,N ( BRO!RS IS L
TIMOCRACY2 = !Y >E EQUAL1 EXCEPT 9 S F>
Z !Y DI6] 9 AGE2 H;E IF !Y DI6] M* 9
AGE1 ! FR%IP IS NO L;G] (! FRAT]NAL
TYPE4 ,DEMOCRACY IS F.D *IEFLY 9 MA/].S
DWELL+S 7= "H E "O IS ON AN EQUAL;Y71 &
9 ^? 9 : ! RUL] IS W1K & E "O HAS LIC;E
6D Z HE PL1SES4
                  #AA
  ,EA* (! 3/ITU;NS MAY 2 SE5 69VOLVE
FR%IP J 9 S F> Z X 9VOLVES JU/ICE4 ,!
FR%IP 2T A K+ & 8 SUBJECTS DEP5DS ON AN
EXCESS ( B5EFITS 3F]R$2 = HE 3F]S
B5EFITS ON 8 SUBJECTS IF 2+ A GD MAN HE
C>ES = !M )A VIEW 6_! WELL-2+1 Z A
%EPH]D DOES = 8 %EEP 7:;E ,HOM] CALL$
,AGAMEMNON ,8%EPH]D (! PEOPLES0'74 ,S*
TOO IS ! FR%IP (A "F1 ?\< ? EXCE$S ! O!R
9 ! GRT;S (! B5EFITS 3F]R$2 = HE IS
RESPONSI# =! EXI/;E ( 8 *N1 : IS ?"\ !
GRTE/ GD1 &= _! NURTURE & UPBR++4
  ,^! ?+S >E ASCRIB$ 6ANCE/ORS Z WELL4
,FUR!R1 0NATURE A "F T5DS 6RULE OV] 8
SONS1 ANCE/ORS OV] DESC5DANTS1 A K+ OV]
8 SUBJECTS4 ,^! FR%IPS IMPLY SUP]IOR;Y (
"O "PY OV] ! O!R1 : IS :Y ANCE/ORS >E
HON\R$4 ,! JU/ICE "!=E T EXI/S 2T P]SONS
S RELAT$ IS N ! SAME ON BO? SIDES B IS 9
E CASE PROPOR;N$ 6M]IT2 = T IS TRUE (!
FR%IP Z WELL4 ,! FR%IP ( MAN & WIFE1 AG1
IS ! SAME T IS F.D 9 AN >I/OCRACY2 = X
IS 9 A3ORD.E ) VIRTUE ! BETT] GETS M (
:AT IS GD1 & EA* GETS :AT 2FITS HM2 & S1
TOO1 )! JU/ICE 9 ^! REL,NS4 ,! FR%IP (
BRO!RS IS L T ( -RADES2 = !Y >E EQUAL &(
L AGE1 & S* P]SONS >E =! MO/ "P L 9 _!
FEEL+S & _! "*4 ,L ?1 TOO1 IS ! FR%IP
APPROPRIATE 6TIMOCRATIC GOV]N;T2 = 9 S*
A 3/ITU;N ! ID1L IS =! CITIZ5S 6BE EQUAL
& FAIR2 "!=E RULE IS TAK5 9 TURN1 & ON
EQUAL T]MS2 &! FR%IP APPROPRIATE "H W
CORRESPOND4
  ,B 9 ! DEVI,N-=MS1 Z JU/ICE H>DLY
EXI/S1 S TOO DOES FR%IP4 ,X EXI/S L1/ 9
! WOR/ =M2 9 TYRANNY "! IS LL OR NO
FR%IP4 ,= ": "! IS NO?+ -MON 6RUL] &
RUL$1 "! IS N FR%IP EI1 S9CE "! IS N
JU/ICE2 E4G4 2T CRAFTSMAN & TOOL1 S\L &
BODY1 MA/] & SLAVE2 ! LATT] 9 EA* CASE
IS B5EFIT$ 0T : USES X1 B "! IS NO FR%IP
NOR JU/ICE T[>DS LIFE.S ?+S4 ,B NEI IS
"! FR%IP T[>DS A HORSE OR AN OX1 NOR 6A
SLAVE QUA SLAVE4 ,= "! IS NO?+ -MON 6!
TWO "PIES2 ! SLAVE IS A LIV+ TOOL &!
TOOL A LIFE.S SLAVE4 ,QUA SLAVE !N1 "O
_C 2 FRS ) HM4 ,B QUA MAN "O C2 = "!
SEEMS 6BE "S JU/ICE 2T ANY MAN & ANY O!R
:O C %>E 9 A SY/EM ( LAW OR 2 A "PY 6AN
AGREE;T2 "!=E "! C AL 2 FR%IP ) HM 9 S
F> Z HE IS A MAN4 ,"!=E :ILE 9 TYRANNIES
FR%IP & JU/ICE H>DLY EXI/1 9 DEMOCRACIES
!Y EXI/ M FULLY2 = ": ! CITIZ5S >E EQUAL
!Y H M* 9 -MON4

                  #AB
  ,E =M ( FR%IP1 !N1 9VOLVES ASSOCI,N1 Z
HAS BE5 SD4 ,"O MI<T1 H["E1 M>K (F F !
RE/ BO? ! FR%IP ( K9DR$ & T ( -RADES4
,^? ( FELL[-CITIZ5S1 FELL[-TRIBESM51
FELL[-VOYAG]S1 &! L >E M L M]E FR%IPS (
ASSOCI,N2 = !Y SEEM 6RE/ ON A SORT (
-PACT4 ,) !M WE MI<T CLASS ! FR%IP ( HO/
& GUE/4 ,! FR%IP ( K9SM5 XF1 :ILE X
SEEMS 6BE ( _M K9DS1 APPE>S 6DEP5D 9 E
CASE ON P>5TAL FR%IP2 = P>5TS LOVE _! *N
Z 2+ A "P ( !MVS1 & *N _! P>5TS Z 2+
"S?+ ORIG9AT+ F !M4 ,N[ 7#A7 >5TS "K _!
(FSPR+ BETT] ?AN "! *N "K T !Y >E _! *N1
& 7#B7 ! ORIG9ATOR FEELS 8 (FSPR+ 6BE 8
[N M ?AN ! (FSPR+ D _! 2GETT]2 =!
PRODUCT 2L;GS 6! PRODUC] 7E4G4 A TOO? OR
HAIR OR ANY?+ ELSE 6HM ^: X IS71 B !
PRODUC] DOES N 2L;G 6! PRODUCT1 OR 2L;GS
9 A LESS DEGREE4 ,& 7#C7 ! L5G? ( "T
PRODUCES ! SAME RESULT2 P>5TS LOVE _! *N
Z SOON Z ^! >E BORN1 B *N LOVE _! P>5TS
ONLY AF "T HAS ELAPS$ & !Y H ACQUIR$
"U/&+ OR ! P[] ( 4CRIM9,N 0! S5SES4 ,F
^! 3SID],NS X IS AL PLA9 :Y "MS LOVE M
?AN "FS D4 ,P>5TS1 !N1 LOVE _! *N Z !MVS
7= _! ISSUE >E 0VIRTUE ( _! SEP>ATE
EXI/;E A SORT ( O!R SELVES71 :ILE *N
LOVE _! P>5TS Z 2+ BORN ( !M1 & BRO!RS
LOVE EA* O!R Z 2+ BORN (! SAME P>5TS2 =
_! ID5T;Y ) !M MAKES !M ID5TICAL ) EA*
O!R 7: IS ! R1SON :Y P TALK ( ,8! SAME
BLOOD0'1 ,8! SAME /OCK0'1 & S ON74 ,!Y
>E1 "!=E1 9 A S5SE ! SAME ?+1 ?\< 9
SEP>ATE 9DIVIDUALS4 ,TWO ?+S T 3TRIBUTE
GRTLY 6FR%IP >E A -MON UPBR++ & SIMIL>;Y
( AGE2 = ,8TWO ( AN AGE TAKE 6EA* O!R0'1
& P BR"\ UP TGR T5D 6BE -RADES2 :;E !
FR%IP ( BRO!RS IS AK9 6T ( -RADES4 ,&
C\S9S & O!R K9SM5 >E B.D UP TGR 0D]IV,N
F BRO!RS1 VIZ4 02+ DERIV$ F ! SAME
P>5TS4 ,!Y -E 6BE CLOS] TGR OR F>!R A"P
0VIRTUE (! NE>;S OR 4T.E (! ORIG9AL
ANCE/OR4
  ,! FR%IP ( *N 6P>5TS1 &( M5 6GODS1 IS
A REL,N 6!M Z 6"S?+ GD & SUP]IOR2 = !Y H
3F]R$ ! GRTE/ B5EFITS1 S9CE !Y >E !
CAUSES ( _! 2+ &( _! N\RI%;T1 &( _!
$UC,N F _! BIR?2 & ? K9D ( FR%IP
POSSESSES PL1SANT;S & UTIL;Y AL1 M ?AN T
( /RANG]S1 9ASM* Z _! LIFE IS LIV$ M 9
-MON4 ,! FR%IP ( BRO!RS HAS ! "*I/ICS
F.D 9 T ( -RADES 7& ESPECI,Y :5 ^! >E
GD71 & 9 G5]AL 2T P :O >E L EA* O!R1
9ASM* Z !Y 2L;G M 6EA* O!R & />T )A LOVE
= EA* O!R F _! V BIR?1 & 9ASM* Z ^? BORN
(! SAME P>5TS & BR"\ UP TGR & SIMIL>LY
$UCAT$ >E M AK9 9 "*2 &! TE/ ( "T HAS
BE5 APPLI$ MO/ FULLY & 3V9C+LY 9 _!
CASE4
  ,2T O!R K9SM5 FRLY REL,NS >E F.D 9 DUE
PROPOR;N4 ,2T MAN & WIFE FR%IP SEEMS
6EXI/ 0NATURE2 = MAN IS NATUR,Y 9CL9$
6=M C\PLES-EV5 M ?AN 6=M CITIES1 9ASM* Z
! H\SEHOLD IS E>LI] & M NEC ?AN ! C;Y1 &
REPRODUC;N IS M -MON 6MAN )! ANIMALS4
,)! O!R ANIMALS ! UNION EXT5DS ONLY 6?
PO9T1 B HUMAN 2+S LIVE TGR N ONLY =!
SAKE ( REPRODUC;N B AL =! V>I\S PURPOSES
( LIFE2 = F ! />T ! FUNC;NS >E DIVID$1 &
^? ( MAN & WOMAN >E DI6]5T2 S !Y HELP
EA* O!R 0?R[+ _! PECULI> GIFTS 96! -MON
/OCK4 ,X IS = ^! R1SONS T BO? UTIL;Y &
PL1SURE SEEM 6BE F.D 9 ? K9D ( FR%IP4 ,B
? FR%IP MAY 2 BAS$ AL ON VIRTUE1 IF !
"PIES >E GD2 = EA* HAS XS [N VIRTUE & !Y
W DELI<T 9 ! FACT4 ,& *N SEEM 6BE A BOND
( UNION 7: IS ! R1SON :Y *ILD.S P "P M
EASILY72 = *N >E A GD -MON 6BO? & :AT IS
-MON HOLDS !M TGR4
  ,H[ MAN & WIFE & 9 G5]AL FR & FR "\
MUTU,Y 62HAVE SEEMS 6BE ! SAME "Q Z H[ X
IS J = !M 62HAVE2 =A MAN DOES N SEEM 6H
! SAME DUTIES 6A FR1 A /RANG]1 A -RADE1
&A S*OOLFELL[4
                  #AC
  ,"! >E ?REE K9DS ( FR%IP1 Z WE SD AT !
\TSET ( \R 9QUIRY1 & 9 RESPECT ( EA* "S
>E FRS ON AN EQUAL;Y & O!RS 0VIRTUE (A
SUP]IOR;Y 7= N ONLY C EQU,Y GD M5 2COME
FRS B A BETT] MAN C MAKE FRS )A WORSE1 &
SIMIL>LY 9 FR%IPS ( PL1SURE OR UTIL;Y !
FRS MAY 2 EQUAL OR UNEQUAL 9 ! B5EFITS
!Y 3F]74 ,? 2+ S1 EQUALS M/ E6ECT !
REQUIR$ EQUALIZ,N ON A BASIS ( EQUAL;Y 9
LOVE & 9 ALL O!R RESPECTS1 :ILE UNEQUALS
M/ R5D] :AT IS 9 PROPOR;N 6_! SUP]IOR;Y
OR 9F]IOR;Y4 ,-PLA9TS & REPROA*ES >ISE
EI ONLY OR *IEFLY 9 ! FR%IP ( UTIL;Y1 &
? IS ONLY 6BE EXPECT$4 ,= ^? :O >E FRS
ON ! GR.D ( VIRTUE >E ANXI\S 6D WELL
0EA* O!R 7S9CE T IS A M>K ( VIRTUE &(
FR%IP71 & 2T M5 :O >E EMULAT+ EA* O!R 9
? "! _C 2 -PLA9TS OR QU>RELS2 NO "O IS
(F5D$ 0A MAN :O LOVES HM & DOES WELL
0HM-IF HE IS A P]SON ( NICE FEEL+ HE
TAKES 8 REV5GE 0DO+ WELL 0! O!R4 ,&! MAN
:O EXCELS ! O!R 9 ! S]VICES HE R5D]S W N
-PLA9 ( 8 FR1 S9CE HE GETS :AT HE AIMS
AT2 = EA* MAN DESIRES :AT IS GD4 ,NOR D
-PLA9TS >ISE M* EV5 9 FR%IPS ( PL1SURE2
= BO? GET AT ! SAME "T :AT !Y DESIRE1 IF
!Y 5JOY SP5D+ _! "T TGR2 & EV5 A MAN :O
-PLA9$ ( ANO!R = N AF=D+ HM PL1SURE WD
SEEM RIDICUL\S1 S9CE X IS 9 8 P[] N
6SP5D 8 "DS ) HM4
  ,B ! FR%IP ( UTIL;Y IS FULL ( -PLA9TS2
= Z !Y USE EA* O!R = _! [N 9T]E/S !Y ALW
WANT 6GET ! BETT] (! B>GA91 & ?9K !Y H
GOT LESS ?AN !Y %D1 & BLAME _! "PN]S 2C
!Y D N GET ALL !Y ,8WANT & DES]VE0'2 &
^? :O D WELL 0O!RS _C HELP !M Z M* Z ^?
:OM !Y B5EFIT WANT4
  ,N[ X SEEMS T1 Z JU/ICE IS ( TWO K9DS1
"O UNWRITT5 &! O!R LEGAL1 "O K9D ( FR%IP
( UTIL;Y IS MORAL &! O!R LEGAL4 ,& S
-PLA9TS >ISE MO/ ( ALL :5 M5 D N 4SOLVE
! REL,N 9 ! _S (! SAME TYPE ( FR%IP 9 :
!Y 3TRACT$ X4 ,! LEGAL TYPE IS T : IS ON
FIX$ T]MS2 XS PURELY -M]CIAL V>IETY IS
ON ! BASIS ( IMM PAY;T1 :ILE ! M LIB]AL
V>IETY ALL[S "T B /IPULATES =A DEF9ITE
QUID PRO QUO4 ,9 ? V>IETY ! DEBT IS CLE>
& N AMBIGU\S1 B 9 ! PO/P"O;T X 3TA9S AN
ELE;T ( FRLI;S2 & S "S /ATES D N ALL[
SUITS >IS+ \ ( S* AGREE;TS1 B ?9K M5 :O
H B>GA9$ ON A BASIS ( CR$IT "\ 6A3EPT !
3SEQU;ES4 ,! MORAL TYPE IS N ON FIX$
T]MS2 X MAKES A GIFT1 OR DOES :AT"E X
DOES1 Z 6A FR2 B "O EXPECTS 6RCV Z M* OR
M1 Z HAV+ N GIV5 B L5T2 & IF A MAN IS
WORSE (F :5 ! REL,N IS 4SOLV$ ?AN HE 0
:5 X 0 3TRACT$ HE W -PLA94 ,? HAPP5S 2C
ALL OR MO/ M51 :ILE !Y WI% = :AT IS NO#1
*OOSE :AT IS ADVANTAGE\S2 N[ X IS NO# 6D
WELL 0ANO!R )\T A VIEW 6REPAY;T1 B X IS
! RCVG ( B5EFITS T IS ADVANTAGE\S4 ,"!=E
IF WE C WE %D RETURN ! EQUIVAL5T ( :AT
WE H RCVD 7= WE M/ N MAKE A MAN \R FR
AG/ 8 W2 WE M/ RECOGNIZE T WE 7 MISTAK5
AT ! F/ & TOOK A B5EFIT F A P]SON WE %D
N H TAK5 X F-S9CE X 0 N F A FR1 NOR F "O
:O DID X J =! SAKE ( ACT+ S-& WE M/
SETTLE UP J Z IF WE _H BE5 B5EFIT$ ON
FIX$ T]MS74 ,9DE$1 "O WD AGREE 6REPAY IF
"O CD 7IF "O CD N1 EV5 ! GIV] WD N H
EXPECT$ "O 6D S72 "!=E IF X IS POSSI# WE
M/ REPAY4 ,B AT ! \TSET WE M/ 3SID] !
MAN 0:OM WE >E 2+ B5EFIT$ & ON :AT T]MS
HE IS ACT+1 9 ORD] T WE MAY A3EPT !
B5EFIT ON ^! T]MS1 OR ELSE DECL9E X4
  ,X IS 4PUTA# :E!R WE "\ 6M1SURE A
S]VICE 0XS UTIL;Y 6! RCVR & MAKE !
RETURN )A VIEW 6T1 OR 0! 2NEVOL;E (!
GIV]4 ,= ^? :O H RCVD SAY !Y H RCVD F _!
B5EFACTORS :AT M1NT LL 6! LATT] & :AT !Y
MI<T H GOT F O!RS-M9IMIZ+ ! S]VICE2 :ILE
! GIV]S1 ON ! 3TR>Y1 SAY X 0 ! BI7E/ ?+
!Y _H1 & :AT CD N H BE5 GOT F O!RS1 & T
X 0 GIV5 9 "TS ( DANG] OR SIMIL> NE$4
,N[ IF ! FR%IP IS "O T AIMS AT UTIL;Y1
SURELY ! ADVANTAGE 6! RCVR IS ! M1SURE4
,= X IS HE T ASKS =! S]VICE1 &! O!R MAN
HELPS HM ON ! ASSUMP;N T HE W RCV !
EQUIVAL5T2 S ! ASSI/.E HAS BE5 PRECISELY
Z GRT Z ! ADVANTAGE 6! RCVR1 & "!=E HE
M/ RETURN Z M* Z HE HAS RCVD1 OR EV5 M
7= T WD 2 NO#R74 ,9 FR%IPS BAS$ ON
VIRTUE ON ! O!R H&1 -PLA9TS D N >ISE1 B
! PURPOSE (! DO] IS A SORT ( M1SURE2 = 9
PURPOSE LIES ! ESS5TIAL ELE;T ( VIRTUE &
"*4
                  #AD
  ,DI6];ES >ISE AL 9 FR%IPS BAS$ ON
SUP]IOR;Y2 = EA* EXPECTS 6GET M \ ( !M1
B :5 ? HAPP5S ! FR%IP IS 4SOLV$4 ,N ONLY
DOES ! BETT] MAN ?9K HE "\ 6GET M1 S9CE
M %D 2 ASSIGN$ 6A GD MAN1 B ! M USE;L
SIMIL>LY EXPECTS ?2 !Y SAY A USE.S MAN
%D N GET Z M* Z !Y %D1 S9CE X 2COMES AN
ACT ( PUBLIC S]VICE & N A FR%IP IF !
PROCE$S (! FR%IP D N ANSW] 6! WOR? (!
B5EFITS 3F]R$4 ,= !Y ?9K T1 Z 9 A
-M]CIAL "PN]%IP ^? :O PUT M 9 GET M \1 S
X %D 2 9 FR%IP4 ,B ! MAN :O IS 9 A /ATE
( NE$ & 9F]IOR;Y MAKES ! OPPOSITE CLAIM2
!Y ?9K X IS ! "P (A GD FR 6HELP ^? :O >E
9 NE$2 :AT1 !Y SAY1 IS ! USE ( 2+ ! FR (
A GD MAN OR A P[];L MAN1 IF "O IS 6GET
NO?+ \ ( X8
  ,AT ALL EV5TS X SEEMS T EA* "PY IS
JU/IFI$ 9 8 CLAIM1 & T EA* %D GET M \ (!
FR%IP ?AN ! O!R-N M (! SAME ?+1 H["E1 B
! SUP]IOR M HON\R &! 9F]IOR M GA92 =
HON\R IS ! PRIZE ( VIRTUE &( 2NEFIC;E1
:ILE GA9 IS ! ASSI/.E REQUIR$ 09F]IOR;Y4
  ,X SEEMS 6BE S 9 3/ITU;NAL >RANGE;TS
AL2 ! MAN :O 3TRIBUTES NO?+ GD 6! -MON
/OCK IS N HON\R$2 = :AT 2L;GS 6! PUBLIC
IS GIV5 6! MAN :O B5EFITS ! PUBLIC1 &
HON\R DOES 2L;G 6! PUBLIC4 ,X IS N
POSSI# 6GET W1L? F ! -MON /OCK & AT !
SAME "T HON\R4 ,= NO "O PUTS UP )!
SMALL] %>E 9 ALL ?+S2 "!=E 6! MAN :O
LOSES 9 W1L? !Y ASSIGN HON\R & 6! MAN :O
IS WILL+ 6BE PD1 W1L?1 S9CE ! PROPOR;N
6M]IT EQUALIZES ! "PIES & PRES]VES !
FR%IP1 Z WE H SD4 ,? !N IS AL ! WAY 9 :
WE %D ASSOCIATE ) UNEQUALS2 ! MAN :O IS
B5EFIT$ 9 RESPECT ( W1L? OR VIRTUE M/
GIVE HON\R 9 RETURN1 REPAY+ :AT HE C4 ,=
FR%IP ASKS A MAN 6D :AT HE C1 N :AT IS
PROPOR;NAL 6! M]ITS (! CASE2 S9CE T _C
ALW 2 D"O1 E4G4 9 HON\RS PD 6! GODS OR
6P>5TS2 = NO "O CD "E RETURN 6!M !
EQUIVAL5T ( :AT HE GETS1 B ! MAN :O
S]VES !M 6! UTMO/ ( 8 P[] IS ?"\ 6BE A
GD MAN4 ,? IS :Y X WD N SEEM OP5 6A MAN
64[N 8 "F 7?\< A "F MAY 4[N 8 SON72 2+ 9
DEBT1 HE %D REPAY1 B "! IS NO?+ 0DO+ : A
SON W H D"O ! EQUIVAL5T ( :AT HE HAS
RCVD1 S T HE IS ALW 9 DEBT4 ,B CR$ITORS
C REMIT A DEBT2 &A "F C "!=E D S TOO4
,AT ! SAME "T X IS ?"\ T PRESUMABLY NO
"O WD REPUDIATE A SON :O 0 N F> G"O 9
WICK$;S2 = A"P F ! NATURAL FR%IP ( "F &
SON X IS HUMAN NATURE N 6REJECT A SON'S
ASSI/.E4 ,B ! SON1 IF HE IS WICK$1 W
NATUR,Y AVOID AID+ 8 "F1 OR N 2 Z1L\S AB
X2 = MO/ P WI% 6GET B5EFITS1 B AVOID DO+
!M1 Z A ?+ UNPR(ITA#4-,S M* = ^! "QS4


