             ,,*APT] ,,IX4
   ,,SECOND>Y ,,SEXUAL ,,"*S ,,9 ,,!
            ,,L[] ,,CLASSES
       ,,( ,,! ,,ANIMAL ,,K+DOM4

  ,) ANIMALS 2L;G+ 6! L[] CLASSES1 ! TWO
SEXES >E N R>ELY UNIT$ 9 ! SAME
9DIVIDUAL1 & "!=E SECOND>Y SEXUAL "*S _C
2 DEVELOP$4 ,9 _M CASES ": ! SEXES >E
SEP>ATE1 BO? >E P]MAN5TLY ATTA*$ 6"S
SUPPORT1 &! "O _C SE>* OR /RU7LE =! O!R4
,MOREOV] X IS ALM C]TA9 T ^! ANIMALS H
TOO IMP]FECT S5SES & M* TOO L[ M5TAL
P[]S 6APPRECIATE EA* O!R'S B1UTY OR O!R
ATTRAC;NS1 OR 6FEEL RIVALRY4
  ,H;E 9 ^! CLASSES OR SUB-K+DOMS1 S* Z
! ,PROTOZOA1 ,COEL5T]ATA1 ,E*9OD]MATA1
,SCOLECIDA1 SECOND>Y SEXUAL "*S1 (! K9D
: WE H 63SID]1 D N O3UR3 & ? FACT AGREES
)! 2LIEF T S* "*S 9 ! HI<] CLASSES H BE5
ACQUIR$ "? SEXUAL SELEC;N1 : DEP5DS ON !
W1 DESIRE1 & *OICE ( EI SEX4 ,N"E!.S "S
FEW APP>5T EXCEP;NS O3UR2 ?US1 Z ,I HE>
F ,DR4 ,BAIRD1 ! MALES ( C]TA9 ,5TOZOA1
OR 9T]NAL P>ASITIC WORMS1 DI6] SLI<TLY 9
COL\R F ! FEMALES2 B WE H NO R1SON
6SUPPOSE T S* DI6];ES H BE5 AUG;T$ "?
SEXUAL SELEC;N4 ,3TRIV.ES 0: ! MALE
HOLDS ! FEMALE1 & : >E 9DISP5SA# =!
PROPAG,N (! SPECIES1 >E 9DEP5D5T (
SEXUAL SELEC;N1 & H BE5 ACQUIR$ "?
ORD9>Y SELEC;N4
  ,_M (! L[] ANIMALS1 :E!R H]MAPHRODITES
OR ) SEP>ATE SEXES1 >E ORNA;T$ )! MO/
BRILLIANT T9TS1 OR >E %AD$ & /RIP$ 9 AN
ELEGANT MANN]2 = 9/.E1 _M CORALS & SEA-
ANEMONES 7,ACT9IAE71 "S JELLY-FI%
7,M$USAE1 ,PORPITA1 &C471 "S ,PLAN>IAE1
_M />-FI%ES1 ,E*9I1 ASCIDIANS1 &C42 B WE
MAY 3CLUDE F ! R1SONS ALR 9DICAT$1 "NLY1
! UNION (! TWO SEXES 9 "S ( ^! ANIMALS1
! P]MAN5TLY A6IX$ 3DI;N ( O!RS1 &! L[
M5TAL P[]S ( ALL1 T S* COL\RS D N S]VE Z
A SEXUAL ATTRAC;N1 & H N BE5 ACQUIR$ "?
SEXUAL SELEC;N4 ,X %D 2 BORNE 9 M9D T 9
NO CASE H WE SU6ICI5T EVID;E T COL\RS H
BE5 ?US ACQUIR$1 EXCEPT ": "O SEX IS M*
M BRILLIANTLY OR 3SPICU\SLY COL\R$ ?AN !
O!R1 & ": "! IS NO DI6];E 9 HABITS 2T !
SEXES SU6ICI5T 6A3.T = _! DI6]5T COL\RS4
,B ! EVID;E IS R5D]$ Z -PLETE Z X C "E
BE1 ONLY :5 ! M ORNA;T$ 9DIVIDUALS1 ALM
ALW ! MALES1 VOLUNT>ILY 4PLAY _!
ATTRAC;NS 2F ! O!R SEX2 = WE _C 2LIEVE T
S* 4PLAY IS USE.S1 & IF X 2 ADVANTAGE\S1
SEXUAL SELEC;N W ALM 9EVITABLY FOLL[4
,WE MAY1 H["E1 EXT5D ? 3CLU.N 6BO?
SEXES1 :5 COL\R$ ALIKE1 IF _! COL\RS >E
PLA9LY ANALOG\S 6^? ( "O SEX AL"O 9
C]TA9 O!R SPECIES (! SAME GR\P4
  ,H[1 !N1 >E WE 6A3.T =! B1UTI;L OR EV5
GORGE\S COL\RS ( _M ANIMALS 9 ! L[E/
CLASSES8 ,X APPE>S D\BT;L :E!R S* COL\RS
(T5 S]VE Z A PROTEC;N2 B T WE MAY EASILY
]R ON ? H1D1 W 2 ADMITT$ 0E "O :O R1DS
,MR4 ,WALLACE'S EXCELL5T ESSAY ON ?
SUBJECT4 ,X WD N1 = 9/.E1 AT F/ O3UR
6ANY "O T ! TRANSP>5CY (! ,M$USAE1 OR
JELLY-FI%1 IS (! HI<E/ S]VICE 6!M Z A
PROTEC;N2 B :5 WE >E REM9D$ 0,HAECKEL T
N ONLY ! ,M$USAE1 B _M FLOAT+ ,MOLLUSCA1
CRU/AC1NS1 & EV5 SMALL OC1NIC FI%ES
P>TAKE ( ? SAME GLASS-L APPE>.E1 (T5
A3OMPANI$ 0PRISMATIC COL\RS1 WE C H>DLY
D\BT T !Y ?US ESCAPE ! NOTICE ( PELAGIS
BIRDS & O!R 5EMIES4 ,M4 ,GI>D IS AL
3V9C$ 99 T ! B"R T9TS ( C]TA9 SP;GES &
ASCIDIANS S]VE Z A PROTEC;N4 ,3SPICU\S
COL\RS >E LIKEWISE B5EFICIAL 6_M ANIMALS
Z A W>N+ 6_! WD-BE DEV\R]S T !Y >E
4TA/E;L1 OR T !Y POSSESS "S SPECIAL M1NS
( DEF;E2 B ? SUBJECT W 2 4CUSS$ M
3V5I5TLY "HAF4
      --,>*IVES DE ,ZOOLOG4 ,EXP]41
    ,OCT41 #AHGB1 P4 #EFC4
  ,WE C1 9 \R IGNOR.E ( MO/ (! L[E/
ANIMALS1 ONLY SAY T _! B"R T9TS RESULT
EI F ! *EMICAL NATURE OR ! M9UTE
/RUCTURE ( _! TISSUES1 9DEP5D5TLY ( ANY
B5EFIT ?US DERIV$4 ,H>DLY ANY COL\R IS
F9] ?AN T ( >T]IAL BLOOD2 B "! IS NO
R1SON 6SUPPOSE T ! COL\R (! BLOOD IS 9
XF ANY ADVANTAGE2 & ?\< X A4S 6! B1UTY (
! MAID5'S *EEK1 NO "O W PRET5D T X HAS
BE5 ACQUIR$ = ? PURPOSE4 ,S AG ) _M
ANIMALS1 ESPECI,Y ! L[] "OS1 ! BILE IS
RI*LY COL\R$2 ?US1 Z ,I AM 9=M$ 0,MR4
,HANCOCK1 ! EXTREME B1UTY (! ,EOLIDAE
7NAK$ SEA-SLUGS7 IS *IEFLY DUE 6! BILI>Y
GL&S 2+ SE5 "? ! TRANSLUC5T 9TEGU;TS- ?
B1UTY 2+ PROBABLY ( NO S]VICE 6^!
ANIMALS4 ,! T9TS (! DECAY+ L1VES 9 AN
,AM]ICAN =E/ >E DESCRIB$ 0E "O Z
GORGE\S2 YET NO "O SUPPOSES T ^! T9TS >E
(! L1/ ADVANTAGE 6! TREES4 ,BE>+ 9 M9D
H[ _M SUB/.ES CLOSELY ANALOG\S 6NATURAL
ORGANIC -P.DS H BE5 REC5TLY =M$ 0*EMI/S1
& : EXHIBIT ! MO/ SPL5DID COL\RS1 X WD H
BE5 A /RANGE FACT IF SUB/.ES SIMIL>LY
COL\R$ _H N (T5 ORIG9AT$1 9DEP5D5TLY (
ANY USE;L 5D ?US GA9$1 9 ! -PLEX
LABORATORY ( LIV+ ORGANISMS4
  ,! SUB-K+DOM (! ,,MOLLUSCA4- ,"?\T ?
GRT DIVI.N (! ANIMAL K+DOM1 Z F> Z ,I C
4COV]1 SECOND>Y SEXUAL "*S1 S* Z WE >E
"H 3SID]+1 N"E O3UR4 ,NOR CD !Y 2
EXPECT$ 9 ! ?REE L[E/ CLASSES1 "NLY1 9 !
ASCIDIANS1 ,POLYZOA1 & BRA*IOPODS
73/ITUT+ ! ,MOLLUSCOIDA ( "S AU?ORS71 =
MO/ ( ^! ANIMALS >E P]MAN5TLY A6IX$ 6A
SUPPORT OR H _! SEXES UNIT$ 9 ! SAME
9DIVIDUAL4 ,9 ! ,LAMELLIBRAN*IATA1 OR
BIVALVE %ELLS1 H]MAPHRODITISM IS N R>E4
,9 ! NEXT HI<] CLASSES (! ,GA/]OPODA1 OR
UNIVALVE %ELLS1 ! SEXES >E EI UNIT$ OR
SEP>ATE4 ,B 9 ! LATT] CASE ! MALES N"E
POSSESS SPECIAL ORGANS = F9D+1 SECUR+1
OR *>M+ ! FEMALES1 OR = FI<T+ ) O!R
MALES4 ,Z ,I AM 9=M$ 0,MR4 ,GWYN
,JE6REYS1 ! SOLE EXT]NAL DI6];E 2T !
SEXES 3SI/S 9 ! %ELL "S"TS DI6]+ A LL 9
=M2 = 9/.E1 ! %ELL (! MALE P]IW9KLE
7,LITTOR9A LITTOREA7 IS N>R[] & HAS A M
EL;GAT$ SPIRE ?AN T (! FEMALE4 ,B
DI6];ES ( ? NATURE1 X MAY 2 PRESUM$1 >E
DIRECTLY 3NECT$ )! ACT ( REPRODUC;N1 OR
)! DEVELOP;T (! OVA4
  ,! ,GA/]OPODA1 ?\< CAPA# ( LOCOMO;N &
FURNI%$ ) IMP]FECT EYES1 D N APPE> 6BE
5D[$ ) SU6ICI5T M5TAL P[]S =! MEMB]S (!
SAME SEX 6/RU7LE TGR 9 RIVALRY1 & ?US
6ACQUIRE SECOND>Y SEXUAL "*S4 ,N"E!.S )!
PULMONIF]\S GA/]OPODS1 OR L&-SNAILS1 !
PAIR+ IS PREC$$ 0C\RT%IP2 = ^! ANIMALS1
?\< H]MAPHRODITES1 >E -PELL$ 0_!
/RUCTURE 6PAIR TGR4 ,AGASSIZ REM>KS1
8,QUICONQUE A EU L'O3A.N D'OBS]V] LES
AM\RS DES LIMACONS1 NE SAURAIT METTRE EN
D\TE LA SEDUC;N DEPLOYEE DANS LES
M\VE;TS ET LES ALLURES QUI PREP>5T ET
A3OMPLISS5T LE D\# EMBRASSE;T DE CES
H]MAPHRODITES48 99 ,^! ANIMALS APPE> AL
SUSCEPTI# ( "S DEGREE ( P]MAN5T ATTA*;T3
AN A3URATE OBS]V]1 ,MR4 ,LONSDALE1 9=MS
ME T HE PLAC$ A PAIR ( L&-SNAILS 7,HELIX
POMATIA71 "O ( : 0 W1KLY1 96A SMALL &
ILL-PROVID$ G>D54 ,AF A %ORT "T ! /R;G &
H1L?Y 9DIVIDUAL 4APPE>$1 & 0 TRAC$ 0XS
TRACK ( SLIME OV] A WALL 96AN ADJO9+
WELL-/OCK$ G>D54 ,MR4 ,LONSDALE 3CLUD$ T
X _H DES]T$ XS SICKLY MATE2 B AF AN
ABS;E ( TW5TY-F\R H\RS X RETURN$1 &
APP>5TLY -MUNICAT$ ! RESULT ( XS
SU3ESS;L EXPLOR,N1 = BO? !N />T$ AL;G !
SAME TRACK & 4APPE>$ OV] ! WALL4
      --,DE L',ESPECE ET DE LA ,CLASS4
    &C41 #AHFI1 P4 #AJF4
  ,EV5 9 ! HI<E/ CLASS (! ,MOLLUSCA1 !
,CEPHALOPODA OR CUTTLE-FI%ES1 9 : !
SEXES >E SEP>ATE1 SECOND>Y SEXUAL "*S (!
PRES5T K9D D N1 Z F> Z ,I C 4COV]1 O3UR4
,? IS A SURPRIS+ CIRCUM/.E1 Z ^! ANIMALS
POSSESS HI<LY-DEVELOP$ S5SE-ORGANS & H
3SID]A# M5TAL P[]S1 Z W 2 ADMITT$ 0E "O
:O HAS WAT*$ _! >T;L 5D1V\RS 6ESCAPE F
AN 5EMY4 99 ,C]TA9 ,CEPHALOPODA1 H["E1
>E "*IS$ 0"O EXTRAORD9>Y SEXUAL "*1 "NLY
T ! MALE ELE;T COLLECTS )9 "O (! >MS OR
T5TACLES1 : IS !N CA/ (F1 & CL++ 0XS
SUCK+-DISCS 6! FEMALE1 LIVES =A "T AN
9DEP5D5T LIFE4 ,S -PLETELY DOES ! CA/-(F
>M RESEM# A SEP>ATE ANIMAL1 T X 0
DESCRIB$ 0,CUVI] Z A P>ASITIC WORM "U !
"N ( ,HECTOCOTYLE4 ,B ? M>VELL\S
/RUCTURE MAY 2 CLASS$ Z A PRIM>Y R ?AN Z
A SECOND>Y SEXUAL "*4
      --,SEE1 = 9/.E1 ! A3.T : ,I H GIV5
    9 MY ,J\RNAL ( ,RESE>*ES1 #AHDE1 P4
    #G4
  ,AL? )! ,MOLLUSCA SEXUAL SELEC;N DOES
N SEEM 6H -E 96PLAY2 YET _M UNIVALVE &
BIVALVE %ELLS1 S* Z VOLUTES1 C"OS1
SCALLOPS1 &C41 >E B1UTI;LLY COL\R$ &
%AP$4 ,! COL\RS D N APPE> 9 MO/ CASES
6BE ( ANY USE Z A PROTEC;N2 !Y >E
PROBABLY ! DIRECT RESULT1 Z 9 ! L[E/
CLASSES1 (! NATURE (! TISSUES2 ! PATT]NS
&! SCULPTURE (! %ELL DEP5D+ ON XS MANN]
( GR[?4 ,! AM.T ( LI<T SEEMS 6BE
9FLU5TIAL 6A C]TA9 EXT5T2 = AL?1 Z
REP1T$LY /AT$ 0,MR4 ,GWYN ,JE6REYS1 !
%ELLS ( "S SPECIES LIV+ AT A PROF.D DEP?
>E B"RLY COL\R$1 YET WE G5],Y SEE ! L[]
SURFACES1 Z WELL Z ! "PS COV]$ 0!
MANTLE1 LESS HI<LY-COL\R$ ?AN ! UPP] &
EXPOS$ SURFACES4 99 ,9 "S CASES1 Z )
%ELLS LIV+ AM;G/ CORALS OR B"RLY-T9T$
S1WE$S1 ! B"R COL\RS MAY S]VE Z A
PROTEC;N4 99 7#B7 ,B T _M (! NUDIBRAN*
,MOLLUSCA1 OR SEA-SLUGS1 >E Z B1UTI;LLY
COL\R$ Z ANY %ELLS1 MAY 2 SE5 9 ,MESSRS4
,ALD] & ,HANCOCK'S MAGNIFIC5T "W2 & F
9=M,N K9DLY GIV5 ME 0,MR4 ,HANCOCK1 X
SEEMS EXTREMELY D\BT;L :E!R ^! COL\RS
USU,Y S]VE Z A PROTEC;N4 ,) "S SPECIES ?
MAY 2 ! CASE1 Z ) "O K9D : LIVES ON !
GRE5 L1VES ( ALGAE1 & IS XF B"R-GRE54 ,B
_M B"RLY-COL\R$1 :ITE1 OR O!RWISE
3SPICU\S SPECIES1 D N SEEK 3C1L;T2 :IL/
AG "S EQU,Y 3SPICU\S SPECIES1 Z WELL Z
O!R DULL-COL\R$ K9DS LIVE "U /"OS & 9
D>K RECESSES4 ,S T ) ^! NUDIBRAN*
MOLLUSCS1 COL\R APP>5TLY DOES N /& 9 ANY
CLOSE REL,N 6! NATURE (! PLACES : !Y
9HABIT4
      --,I H GIV5 7,GEOLOGICAL ,OBS]V,NS
    ON ,VOLCANIC ,ISL&S1 #AHDD1 P4 #EC7
    A CURI\S 9/.E (! 9FLU;E ( LI<T ON !
    COL\RS (A FRONDESC5T 9CRU/,N1
    DEPOSIT$ 0! SURF ON ! COA/-ROCKS (
    ,ASC5.N & =M$ 0! SOLU;N ( TRITURAT$
    SEA-%ELLS4
      997#B7 ,DR4 ,MORSE HAS LATELY
    4CUSS$ ? SUBJECT 9 8 PAP] ON !
    8,ADAPTIVE ,COLOR,N ( ,MOLLUSCA10
    ,PROC4 ,BO/ON ,SOC4 ( ,NAT4 ,HI/41
    VOL4 ;XIV41 ,APRIL1 #AHGA4
  ,^! NAK$ SEA-SLUGS >E H]MAPHRODITES1
YET !Y PAIR TGR1 Z D L&-SNAILS1 _M ( : H
EXTREMELY PRETTY %ELLS4 ,X IS 3CEIVA# T
TWO H]MAPHRODITES1 ATTRACT$ 0EA* O!R'S
GRT] B1UTY1 MI<T UNITE & L1VE (FSPR+ :
WD 9H]IT _! P>5TS' GRT] B1UTY4 ,B ) S*
L[LY-ORGANIS$ CR1TURES ? IS EXTREMELY
IMPROBA#4 ,NOR IS X AT ALL OBVI\S H[ !
(FSPR+ F ! M B1UTI;L PAIRS (
H]MAPHRODITES WD H ANY ADVANTAGE OV] !
(FSPR+ (! LESS B1UTI;L1 S Z 69CR1SE 9
NUMB]1 UN.S 9DE$ VIG\R & B1UTY G5],Y
CO9CID$4 ,WE H N "H ! CASE (A NUMB] (
MALES 2COM+ MATURE 2F ! FEMALES1 )! M
B1UTI;L MALES SELECT$ 0! M VIGOR\S
FEMALES4 ,IF1 9DE$1 BRILLIANT COL\RS 7
B5EFICIAL 6A H]MAPHRODITE ANIMAL 9 REL,N
6XS G5]AL HABITS ( LIFE1 ! M B"RLY-T9T$
9DIVIDUALS WD SU3E$ BE/ & WD 9CR1SE 9
NUMB]2 B ? WD 2 A CASE ( NATURAL & N (
SEXUAL SELEC;N4
  ,SUB-K+DOM (! ,,V]MES2 ,CLASS3
,,ANNELIDA 7OR ,SEA-WORMS74- ,9 ? CLASS1
AL? ! SEXES1 :5 SEP>ATE1 "S"TS DI6] F
EA* O!R 9 "*S ( S* IMPORT.E T !Y H BE5
PLAC$ "U 4T9CT G5]A OR EV5 FAMILIES1 YET
! DI6];ES D N SEEM (! K9D : C 2 SAFELY
ATTRIBUT$ 6SEXUAL SELEC;N4 ,^! ANIMALS
>E (T5 B1UTI;LLY COL\R$1 B Z ! SEXES D N
DI6] 9 ? RESPECT1 WE >E B LL 3C]N$ ) !M4
,EV5 ! NEM]TIANS1 ?\< S L[LY ORGANIS$1
8VIE 9 B1UTY & V>IETY ( COL\R+ ) ANY O!R
GR\P 9 ! 9V]TEBRATE S]IES02 YET ,DR4
,MC,9TO% 99 _C 4COV] T ^! COL\RS >E (
ANY S]VICE4 ,! S$5T>Y ANNELIDS 2COME
DULL]-COL\R$1 AC TO ;,M4
,QUATREFAGES1997#B7 AF ! P]IOD (
REPRODUC;N2 & ? ,I PRESUME MAY 2
ATTRIBUT$ 6_! LESS VIGOR\S 3DI;N AT T
"T4 ,ALL ^! WORM-L ANIMALS APP>5TLY /&
TOO L[ 9 ! SCALE =! 9DIVIDUALS ( EI SEX
6EX]T ANY *OICE 9 SELECT+ A "PN]1 OR =!
9DIVIDUALS (! SAME SEX 6/RU7LE TGR 9
RIVALRY4
      --,SEE 8 B1UTI;L MONOGRAPH ON
    ,BRITI% ,ANNELIDS1 "P I41 #AHGC1 P4
    #C4
      997#B7 ,SEE ,M4 ,P]RI]3
    8,L',ORIG9E DE L',HOMME D'APRES
    ,D>W910 ,REVUE ,SCI5TIFIQUE1 ,FEB41
    #AHGC1 P4 #HFF4
  ,SUB-K+DOM (! ,,>?ROPODA2 ,CLASS3
,,CRU/ACEA4- ,9 ? GRT CLASS WE F/ MEET )
UND\BT$ SECOND>Y SEXUAL "*S1 (T5
DEVELOP$ 9 A REM>KA# MANN]4 ,UN=TUNATELY
! HABITS ( CRU/AC1NS >E V IMP]FECTLY
"KN1 & WE _C EXPLA9 ! USES ( _M
/RUCTURES PECULI> 6"O SEX4 ,)! L[]
P>ASITIC SPECIES ! MALES >E ( SMALL
SIZE1 & !Y AL"O >E FURNI%$ ) P]FECT
SWIMM+-LEGS1 ANT5NAE & S5SE-ORGANS2 !
FEMALES 2+ DE/ITUTE ( ^! ORGANS1 ) _!
BODIES (T5 3SI/+ (A M]E 4TORT$ MASS4 ,B
^! EXTRAORD9>Y DI6];ES 2T ! TWO SEXES >E
NO D\BT RELAT$ 6_! WIDELY DI6]5T HABITS
( LIFE1 & 3SEQU5TLY D N 3C]N U4 ,9 V>I\S
CRU/AC1NS1 2L;G+ 64T9CT FAMILIES1 !
ANT]IOR ANT5NAE >E FURNI%$ ) PECULI>
?R1D-L BODIES1 : >E 2LIEV$ 6ACT Z
SMELL+-ORGANS1 & ^! >E M* M NUM]\S 9 !
MALES ?AN 9 ! FEMALES4 ,Z ! MALES1 )\T
ANY UNUSUAL DEVELOP;T ( _! OLFACTORY
ORGANS1 WD ALM C]TA9LY 2 A# SOON] OR
LAT] 6F9D ! FEMALES1 ! 9CR1S$ NUMB] (!
SMELL+-?R1DS HAS PROBABLY BE5 ACQUIR$ "?
SEXUAL SELEC;N1 0! BETT] PROVID$ MALES
HAV+ BE5 ! M SU3ESS;L 9 F9D+ "PN]S & 9
PRODUC+ (FSPR+4 ,FRITZ ,MULL] HAS
DESCRIB$ A REM>KA# DIMORPHIC SPECIES (
,TANAIS1 9 : ! MALE IS REPRES5T$ 0TWO
4T9CT =MS1 : N"E GRADUATE 96EA* O!R4 ,9
! "O =M ! MALE IS FURNI%$ ) M NUM]\S
SMELL+-?R1DS1 & 9 ! O!R =M ) M P[];L & M
EL;GAT$ *ELAE OR P9C]S1 : S]VE 6HOLD !
FEMALE4 ,FRITZ ,MULL] SU7E/S T ^!
DI6];ES 2T ! TWO MALE =MS (! SAME
SPECIES MAY H ORIG9AT$ 9 C]TA9
9DIVIDUALS HAV+ V>I$ 9 ! NUMB] (!
SMELL+-?R1DS1 :IL/ O!R 9DIVIDUALS V>I$ 9
! %APE & SIZE ( _! *ELAE2 S T (! =M]1 ^?
: 7 BE/ A# 6F9D ! FEMALE1 &(! LATT]1 ^?
: 7 BE/ A# 6HOLD H]1 H LEFT ! GRTE/
NUMB] ( PROG5Y 69H]IT _! RESPECTIVE
ADVANTAGES4 99
      --,FACTS & >GU;TS = ,D>W91 ,5GLI%
    TRANSLAT41 #AHFI1 P4 #BJ4 ,SEE !
    PREVI\S 4CUS.N ON ! OLFACTORY ?R1DS4
    ,S>S HAS DESCRIB$ A "S:AT ANALOG\S
    CASE 7Z QUOT$ 9 ,NATURE1 #AHGJ1 P4
    #DEE7 9 A ,NORWEGIAN CRU/AC1N1 !
    ,PONTOPOREIA A69IS4
  ,9 "S (! L[] CRU/AC1NS1 ! "R ANT]IOR
ANT5NA (! MALE DI6]S GRTLY 9 /RUCTURE F
! LEFT1 ! LATT] RESEMBL+ 9 XS SIMPLE
TAP]+ JO9TS ! ANT5NAE (! FEMALE4 ,9 !
MALE ! MODIFI$ ANT5NA IS EI SWOLL5 9 !
MI4LE OR ANGUL>LY B5T1 OR 3V]T$ 7SEE
FIG4 #D7 96AN ELEGANT1 & "S"TS WOND];LLY
-PLEX1 PREH5SILE ORGAN4 99 ,X S]VES1 Z
,I HE> F ,SIR ,J4 ,LU2OCK1 6HOLD !
FEMALE1 &= ? SAME PURPOSE "O (! TWO
PO/]IOR LEGS 7B7 ON ! SAME SIDE (! BODY
IS 3V]T$ 96A =CEPS4 ,9 ANO!R FAMILY !
9F]IOR OR PO/]IOR ANT5NAE >E 8CURI\SLY
ZIGZA7$0 9 ! MALES AL"O4
      --,SEE ,SIR ,J4 ,LU2OCK 9 ,ANNALS
    & ,MAG4 ( ,NAT4 ,HI/41 VOL4 ;XI41
    #AHEC1 PLS4 I4 & X42 & VOL4 ;XII4
    7#AHEC71 PL4 ;VII4 ,SEE AL ,LU2OCK 9
    ,TRANSAC;NS1 ,5TOMOLOGICAL ,SOCIETY1
    VOL4 ;IV41 NEW S]IES1 #AHEF-AHEH1 P4
    #H4 ,) RESPECT 6! ZIGZA7$ ANT5NAE
    M5;N$ 2L1 SEE ,FRITZ ,MULL]1 ,FACTS
    & ,>GU;TS = ,D>W91 #AHFI1 P4 #DJ1
    FOOTNOTE4
  ,9 ! HI<] CRU/AC1NS ! ANT]IOR LEGS >E
DEVELOP$ 96*ELAE OR P9C]S2 & ^! >E G5],Y
L>G] 9 ! MALE ?AN 9 ! FEMALE1- S M* S T
! M>KET VALUE (! MALE $I# CRAB 7,C.ER
PAGURUS71 AC 6,MR4 ,C4 ,SP;E ,BATE1 IS
FIVE "TS Z GRT Z T (! FEMALE4 ,9 _M
SPECIES ! *ELAE >E ( UNEQUAL SIZE ON !
OPPOSITE SIDE (! BODY1 ! "R-H& "O 2+1 Z
,I AM 9=M$ 0,MR4 ,BATE1 G5],Y1 ?\< N
9V>IABLY1 ! L>GE/4 ,? 9EQUAL;Y IS AL (T5
M* GRT] 9 ! MALE ?AN 9 ! FEMALE4 ,! TWO
*ELAE (! MALE (T5 DI6] 9 /RUCTURE 7SEE
FIGS4 #E1 #F1 & #G71 ! SMALL] "O
RESEMBL+ T (! FEMALE4 ,:AT ADVANTAGE IS
GA9$ 0_! 9EQUAL;Y 9 SIZE ON ! OPPOSITE
SIDES (! BODY1 & 0! 9EQUAL;Y 2+ M* GRT]
9 ! MALE ?AN 9 ! FEMALE2 & :Y1 :5 !Y >E
( EQUAL SIZE1 BO? >E (T5 M* L>G] 9 !
MALE ?AN 9 ! FEMALE1 IS N "KN4 ,Z ,I HE>
F ,MR4 ,BATE1 ! *ELAE >E "S"TS ( S* L5G?
& SIZE T !Y _C POSSIBLY 2 US$ = C>RY+
FOOD 6! M\?4 ,9 ! MALES ( C]TA9 FRE%-
WAT] PRAWNS 7,PALAEMON7 ! "R LEG IS
ACTU,Y L;G] ?AN ! :OLE BODY4 99 ,! GRT
SIZE (! "O LEG ) XS *ELAE MAY AID ! MALE
9 FI<T+ ) 8 RIVALS2 B ? W N A3.T = _!
9EQUAL;Y 9 ! FEMALE ON ! OPPOSITE SIDES
(! BODY4 ,9 ,GELASIMUS1 AC 6A /ATE;T
QUOT$ 0,MILNE ,$W>DS1 99 7#B7 ! MALE &!
FEMALE LIVE 9 ! SAME BURR[1 & ? %EWS T
!Y PAIR2 ! MALE CLOSES ! M\? (! BURR[ )
"O ( XS *ELAE1 : IS ENORM\SLY DEVELOP$2
S T "H X 9DIRECTLY S]VES Z A M1NS (
DEF;E4 ,_! MA9 USE1 H["E1 IS PROBABLY
6SEIZE & 6SECURE ! FEMALE1 & ? 9 "S
9/.ES1 Z ) ,GAMM>US1 IS "KN 6BE ! CASE4
,! MALE (! H]MIT OR SOLDI] CRAB
7,PAGURUS7 = WEEKS TGR1 C>RIES AB ! %ELL
9HABIT$ 0! FEMALE4 99 7#C7 ,! SEXES1
H["E1 (! -MON %ORE-CRAB 7,C>C9US MANAS71
Z ,MR4 ,BATE 9=MS ME1 UNITE DIRECTLY AF
! FEMALE HAS M\LT$ H] H>D %ELL1 :5 %E IS
S S(T T %E WD 2 9JUR$ IF SEIZ$ 0! /R;G
P9C]S (! MALE2 B Z %E IS CAU<T & C>RI$
AB 0! MALE 2F M\LT+1 %E CD !N 2 SEIZ$ )
IMPUN;Y4
      --,SEE A PAP] 0,MR4 ,C4 ,SP;E
    ,BATE1 ) FIGURES1 9 ,PROCE$+S1
    ,ZOOLOGICAL ,SOCIETY1 #AHFH1 P4
    #CFC2 & ON ! NOM5CLATURE (! G5US1
    IBID41 P4 #EHE4 ,I AM GRTLY 9DEBT$
    6,MR4 ,SP;E ,BATE = NE>LY ALL ! ABV
    /ATE;TS ) RESPECT 6! *ELAE (! HI<]
    CRU/AC1NS4
      997#B7 ,HI/4 ,NAT4 DES ,CRU/41
    TOM4 ;II41 #AHCG1 P4 #EJ4
      997#C7 ,MR4 ,C4 ,SP;E ,BATE1
    ,BRITI% ,ASSOCI,N1 ,F\R? ,REPORT ON
    ! ,FAUNA ( ,S4 ,DEVON4
  ,FRITZ ,MULL] /ATES T C]TA9 SPECIES (
,MELITA >E 4T+UI%$ F ALL O!R AMPHIPODS
0! FEMALES HAV+ 8! COXAL LEMELLAE (!
P5ULTIMATE PAIR ( FEET PRODUC$ 96HOOK-L
PROCESSES1 ( : ! MALES LAY HOLD )! H&S (
! F/ PAIR40 ,! DEVELOP;T ( ^! HOOK-L
PROCESSES HAS PROBABLY FOLL[$ F ^?
FEMALES : 7 ! MO/ SECURELY HELD DUR+ !
ACT ( REPRODUC;N1 HAV+ LEFT ! L>GE/
NUMB] ( (FSPR+4 ,ANO!R ,BRAZILIAN
AMPHIPOD 7SEE ,OR*E/IA D>W9II1 FIG4 #H7
PRES5TS A CASE ( DIMORPHISM1 L T (
,TANAIS2 = "! >E TWO MALE =MS1 : DI6] 9
! /RUCTURE ( _! *ELAE4 99 ,Z EI *ELA WD
C]TA9LY SU6ICE 6HOLD ! FEMALE1- = BO? >E
N[ US$ = ? PURPOSE1- ! TWO MALE =MS
PROBABLY ORIG9AT$ 0"S HAV+ V>I$ 9 "O
MANN] & "S 9 ANO!R2 BO? =MS HAV+ DERIV$
C]TA9 SPECIAL1 B NE>LY EQUAL ADVANTAGES1
F _! DI6]5TLY %AP$ ORGANS4
      --,FRITZ ,MULL]1 ,FACTS & ,>GU;TS
    = ,D>W91 #AHFI1 PP4 #BE-BH4
  ,X IS N "KN T MALE CRU/AC1NS FI<T TGR
=! POSSES.N (! FEMALES1 B X IS PROBABLY
! CASE2 =) MO/ ANIMALS :5 ! MALE IS L>G]
?AN ! FEMALE1 HE SEEMS 6[E 8 GRT] SIZE
6HIS ANCE/ORS HAV+ F"\ ) O!R MALES DUR+
_M G5],NS4 ,9 MO/ (! ORD]S1 ESPECI,Y 9 !
HI<E/ OR ! ,BRA*YURA1 ! MALE IS L>G] ?AN
! FEMALE2 ! P>ASITIC G5]A1 H["E1 9 : !
SEXES FOLL[ DI6]5T HABITS ( LIFE1 & MO/
(! ,5TOMO/RACA M/ 2 EXCEPT$4 ,! *ELAE (
_M CRU/AC1NS >E W1PONS WELL ADAPT$ =
FI<T+4 ,?US :5 A DEVIL-CRAB 7,PORTUNUS
PUB]7 0 SE5 0A SON ( ,MR4 ,BATE FI<T+ )A
,C>C9US MAENAS1 ! LATT] 0 SOON ?R[N ON
XS BACK1 & _H E LIMB TORN F XS BODY4 ,:5
S"EAL MALES (A ,BRAZILIAN ,GELASIMUS1 A
SPECIES FURNI%$ ) IMM5SE P9C]S1 7 PLAC$
TGR 9 A GLASS VESSEL 0,FRITZ ,MULL]1 !Y
MUTILAT$ & KILL$ "O ANO!R4 ,MR4 ,BATE
PUT A L>GE MALE ,C>C9US MAENAS 96A PAN (
WAT]1 9HABIT$ 0A FEMALE : 0 PAIR$ )A
SMALL] MALE2 B ! LATT] 0 SOON 4POSSESS$4
,MR4 ,BATE A4S1 8IF !Y F"\1 ! VICTORY 0
A BLOOD.S "O1 = ,I SAW NO W.DS40 ,? SAME
NATURALI/ SEP>AT$ A MALE S&-SKIPP] 7S
-MON ON \R SEA-%ORES71 ,GAMM>US M>9US1 F
XS FEMALE1 BO? ( :OM 7 IMPRISON$ 9 !
SAME VESSEL ) _M 9DIVIDUALS (! SAME
SPECIES4 ,! FEMALE1 :5 ?US DIVORC$1 SOON
JO9$ ! O!RS4 ,AF A "T ! MALE 0 PUT AG
96! SAME VESSEL2 & HE !N1 AF SWIMM+ AB =
A "T1 DA%$ 96! CR[D1 & )\T ANY FI<T+ AT
ONCE TOOK AWAY 8 WIFE4 ,? FACT %EWS T 9
! ,AMPHIPODA1 AN ORD] L[ 9 ! SCALE1 !
MALES & FEMALES RECOGNISE EA* O!R1 & >E
MUTU,Y ATTA*$4
  ,! M5TAL P[]S (! ,CRU/ACEA >E PROBABLY
HI<] ?AN AT F/ SI<T APPE>S PROBA#4 ,ANY
"O :O TRIES 6CAT* "O (! %ORE-CRABS1 S
-MON ON TROPICAL COA/S1 W P]CV H[ W>Y &
AL]T !Y >E4 ,"! IS A L>GE CRAB 7,BIRGUS
LATRO71 F.D ON CORAL ISL&S1 : MAKES A
?ICK B$ (! PICK$ FIBRES (! COCOA-NUT1 AT
! BOTTOM (A DEEP BURR[4 ,X FE$S ON !
FALL5 FRUIT ( ? TREE 0TE>+ (F ! HUSK1
FIBRE 0FIBRE2 & X ALW 2G9S AT T 5D ": !
?REE EYE-L DEPRES.NS >E SITUAT$4 ,X !N
BR1KS "? "O ( ^! EYES 0HAMM]+ ) XS H1VY
FRONT P9C]S1 & TURN+ R.D1 EXTRACTS !
ALBUM9\S CORE ) XS N>R[ PO/]IOR P9C]S4
,B ^! AC;NS >E PROBABLY 9/9CTIVE1 S T !Y
WD 2 P]=M$ Z WELL 0A "Y ANIMAL Z 0AN OLD
"O4 ,! FOLL[+ CASE1 H["E1 C H>DLY 2 S
3SID]$3 A TRU/WOR?Y NATURALI/1 ,MR4
,G>DN]1 99 :IL/ WAT*+ A %ORE-CRAB
7,GELASIMUS7 MAK+ XS BURR[1 ?REW "S
%ELLS T[>DS ! HOLE4 ,"O ROLL$ IN1 & ?REE
O!R %ELLS REMA9$ )9 A FEW 9*ES (! M\?4
,9 AB FIVE M9UTES ! CRAB BR"\ \ ! %ELL :
_H FALL5 IN1 & C>RI$ X AWAY 6A 4T.E (A
FOOT2 X !N SAW ! ?REE O!R %ELLS LY+ NE>1
& EVID5TLY ?9K+ T !Y MI<T LIKEWISE ROLL
IN1 C>RI$ !M 6! SPOT ": X _H LAID ! F/4
,X WD1 ,I ?9K1 2 DI6ICULT 64T+UI% ? ACT
F "O P]=M$ 0MAN 0! AID ( R1SON4
      --,TRAVELS 9 ! ,9T]IOR ( ,BRAZIL1
    #AHDF1 P4 #AAA4 ,I H GIV51 9 MY
    ,J\RNAL ( ,RESE>*ES1 P4 #DFC1 AN
    A3.T (! HABITS (! ,BIRGUS4
  ,MR4 ,BATE DOES N "K ( ANY WELL-M>K$
CASE ( DI6];E ( COL\R 9 ! TWO SEXES ( \R
,BRITI% CRU/AC1NS1 9 : RESPECT ! SEXES (
! HI<] ANIMALS S (T5 DI6]4 ,9 "S CASES1
H["E1 ! MALES & FEMALES DI6] SLI<TLY 9
T9T1 B ,MR4 ,BATE ?9KS N M ?AN MAY 2
A3.T$ = 0_! DI6]5T HABITS ( LIFE1 S* Z
0! MALE W&]+ M AB1 & 2+ ?US M EXPOS$ 6!
LI<T4 ,DR4 ,P[] TRI$ 64T+UI% 0COL\R !
SEXES (! S"EAL SPECIES : 9HABIT
,MAURITIUS1 B FAIL$1 EXCEPT ) "O SPECIES
( ,SQUILLA1 PROBABLY ,S4 /YLIF]A1 ! MALE
( : IS DESCRIB$ Z 2+ 8(A B1UTI;L BLUI%-
GRE510 ) "S (! APP5DAGES *]RY-R$1 :IL/ !
FEMALE IS CL\D$ ) BR[N & GREY1 8)! R$ AB
H] M* LESS VIVID ?AN 9 ! MALE48 99 ,9 ?
CASE1 WE MAY SUSPECT ! AG5CY ( SEXUAL
SELEC;N4 ,F ,M4 ,B]T'S OBS]V,NS ON
,DAPHNIA1 :5 PLAC$ 9 A VESSEL ILLUM9AT$
0A PRISM1 WE H R1SON 62LIEVE T EV5 !
L[E/ CRU/AC1NS C 4T+UI% COL\RS4 ,)
,SAPHIR9A 7AN OC1NIC G5US (
,5TOMO/RACA71 ! MALES >E FURNI%$ ) M9UTE
%IELDS OR CELL-L BODIES1 : EXHIBIT
B1UTI;L *ANG+ COL\RS2 ^! >E ABS5T 9 !
FEMALES1 & 9 BO? SEXES ( "O SPECIES4 99
7#B7 ,X WD1 H["E1 2 EXTREMELY RA%
63CLUDE T ^! CURI\S ORGANS S]VE 6ATTRACT
! FEMALES4 ,I AM 9=M$ 0,FRITZ ,MULL]1 T
9 ! FEMALE (A ,BRAZILIAN SPECIES (
,GELASIMUS1 ! :OLE BODY IS (A NE>LY
UNI=M GREYI%-BR[N4 ,9 ! MALE ! PO/]IOR
"P (! CEPHALO-?ORAX IS PURE :ITE1 )!
ANT]IOR "P (A RI* GRE51 %AD+ 96D>K BR[N2
& X IS REM>KA# T ^! COL\RS >E LIA#
6*ANGE 9 ! C\RSE (A FEW M9UTES- ! :ITE
2COM+ DIRTY GREY OR EV5 BLACK1 ! GRE5
8LOS+ M* ( XS BRILLIANCY40 ,X DES]VES
ESPECIAL NOTICE T ! MALES D N ACQUIRE _!
B"R COL\RS UNTIL !Y 2COME MATURE4 ,!Y
APPE> 6BE M* M NUM]\S ?AN ! FEMALES2 !Y
DI6] AL 9 ! L>G] SIZE ( _! *ELAE4 ,9 "S
SPECIES (! G5US1 PROBABLY 9 ALL1 ! SEXES
PAIR & 9HABIT ! SAME BURR[4 ,!Y >E AL1 Z
WE H SE51 HI<LY 9TELLIG5T ANIMALS4 ,F ^!
V>I\S 3SID],NS X SEEMS PROBA# T ! MALE 9
? SPECIES HAS 2COME GAILY ORNA;T$ 9 ORD]
6ATTRACT OR EXCITE ! FEMALE4
      --,MR4 ,CH4 ,FRAS]1 9 ,PROC4
    ,ZOOLOG4 ,SOC41 #AHFI1 P4 #C4
      997#B7 ,CLAUS1 ,DIE FREILEB5D5
    ,COPEPOD51 #AHFC1 S4 #CE4
  ,X HAS J BE5 /AT$ T ! MALE ,GELASIMUS
DOES N ACQUIRE 8 3SPICU\S COL\RS UNTIL
MATURE & NE>LY R1DY 6BRE$4 ,? SEEMS A
G5]AL RULE 9 ! :OLE CLASS 9 RESPECT 6!
_M REM>KA# /RUCTURAL DI6];ES 2T ! SEXES4
,WE % "HAF F9D ! SAME LAW PREVAIL+ "?\T
! GRT SUB-K+DOM (! ,V]TEBRATA2 & 9 ALL
CASES X IS EM95TLY 4T9CTIVE ( "*S : H
BE5 ACQUIR$ "? SEXUAL SELEC;N4 ,FRITZ
,MULL] 99 GIVES "S /RIK+ 9/.ES ( ? LAW2
?US ! MALE S&-HOPP] 7,OR*E/IA7 DOES N1
UNTIL NE>LY FULL GR[N1 ACQUIRE 8 L>GE
CLASP]S1 : >E V DI6]5TLY 3/RUCT$ F ^? (!
FEMALE2 :IL/ "Y1 8 CLASP]S RESEM# ^? (!
FEMALE4
      --,FACTS & ,>GU;TS1 &C41 P4 #GI4
  ,I AM 9DEBT$ 6,MR4 ,BATE = ,DR4 ,P[]'S
/ATE;T4
  ,CLASS3 ,,>A*NIDA 7,SPID]S74- ,! SEXES
D N G5],Y DI6] M* 9 COL\R1 B ! MALES >E
(T5 D>K] ?AN ! FEMALES1 Z MAY 2 SE5 9
,MR4 ,BLACKWALL'S MAGNIFIC5T "W4 99 ,9
"S SPECIES1 H["E1 ! DI6];E IS 3SPICU\S3
?US ! FEMALE ( ,SP>ASSUS SM>AGDULUS IS
DULLI% GRE51 :IL/ ! ADULT MALE HAS !
ABDOM5 (A F9E YELL[1 ) ?REE L;GITUD9AL
/RIPES ( RI* R$4 ,9 C]TA9 SPECIES (
,?OMISUS ! SEXES CLOSELY RESEM# EA* O!R1
9 O!RS !Y DI6] M*2 & ANALOG\S CASES O3UR
9 _M O!R G5]A4 ,X IS (T5 DI6ICULT 6SAY :
(! TWO SEXES DE"PS MO/ F ! ORD9>Y
COLOR,N (! G5US 6: ! SPECIES 2L;G2 B
,MR4 ,BLACKWALL ?9KS T1 Z A G5]AL RULE1
X IS ! MALE2 & ,CANE/R9I 99 7#B7 REM>KS
T 9 C]TA9 G5]A ! MALES C 2 SPECIFIC,Y
4T+UI%$ ) EASE1 B ! FEMALES ) GRT
DI6ICULTY4 ,I AM 9=M$ 0,MR4 ,BLACKWALL T
! SEXES :IL/ "Y USU,Y RESEM# EA* O!R2 &
BO? (T5 "UGO GRT *ANGES 9 COL\R DUR+ _!
SU3ESSIVE M\LTS1 2F >RIV+ AT MATUR;Y4 ,9
O!R CASES ! MALE AL"O APPE>S 6*ANGE
COL\R4 ,?US ! MALE (! ABV B"R-COL\R$
,SP>ASSUS AT F/ RESEM#S ! FEMALE1 &
ACQUIRES 8 PECULI> T9TS ONLY :5 NE>LY
ADULT4 ,SPID]S >E POSSESS$ ( ACUTE
S5SES1 & EXHIBIT M* 9TELLIG;E2 Z IS WELL
"KN1 ! FEMALES (T5 %EW ! /R;GE/ A6EC;N =
_! E7S1 : !Y C>RY AB 5VELOP$ 9 A SILK5
WEB4 ,! MALES SE>* EAG]LY =! FEMALES1 &
H BE5 SE5 0,CANE/R9I & O!RS 6FI<T =
POSSES.N ( !M4 ,? SAME AU?OR SAYS T !
UNION (! TWO SEXES HAS BE5 OBS]V$ 9 AB
TW5TY SPECIES2 & HE ASS]TS POSITIVELY T
! FEMALE REJECTS "S (! MALES :O C\RT H]1
?R1T5S !M ) OP5 M&I#S1 & AT LA/ AF L;G
HESIT,N A3EPTS ! *OS5 "O4 ,F ^! S"EAL
3SID],NS1 WE MAY ADMIT ) "S 3FID;E T !
WELL-M>K$ DI6];ES 9 COL\R 2T ! SEXES (
C]TA9 SPECIES >E ! RESULTS ( SEXUAL
SELEC;N2 ?\< WE H N "H ! BE/ K9D (
EVID;E1- ! 4PLAY 0! MALE ( 8 ORNA;TS4 ,F
! EXTREME V>IABIL;Y ( COL\R 9 ! MALE (
"S SPECIES1 = 9/.E ( ,!RIDION L91TUM1 X
WD APPE> T ^! SEXUAL "*S (! MALES H N Z
YET 2COME WELL FIX$4 ,CANE/R9I DRAWS !
SAME 3CLU.N F ! FACT T ! MALES ( C]TA9
SPECIES PRES5T TWO =MS1 DI6]+ F EA* O!R
9 ! SIZE & L5G? ( _! JAWS2 & ? REM9DS U
(! ABV CASES ( DIMORPHIC CRU/AC1NS4
      --,A ,HI/ORY (! ,SPID]S ( ,GRT
    ,BRITA91 #AHFA-FD4 ,=! FOLL[+ FACTS1
    SEE PP4 #GG1 #HH1 #AJB4
      997#B7 ,? AU?OR HAS REC5TLY
    PUBLI%$ A VALUA# ESSAY ON !
    8,C>ATT]I SESSUALI SECOND>II DEGLI
    ,>A*NIDI10 9 ! ,ATTI DELLA ,SOC4
    ,V5ETO-,TR5T9A DI ,SC4 ,NAT4
    ,PADOVA1 VOL4 I41 FASC4 #C1 #AHGC4
      ,! MALE IS G5],Y M* SMALL] ?AN !
    FEMALE1 "S"TS 6AN EXTRAORD9>Y
    DEGREE1 99 & HE IS =C$ 6BE EXTREMELY
    CAUTI\S 9 MAK+ 8 ADV.ES1 Z ! FEMALE
    (T5 C>RIES H] COY;S 6A DANG]\S PIT*4
    ,DE ,GRE] SAW A MALE T 8IN ! MID/ (
    8 PREP>ATORY C>ESSES 0 SEIZ$ 0!
    OBJECT ( 8 ATT5;NS1 5VELOP$ 0H] 9 A
    WEB & !N DEV\R$1 A SI<T :1 Z HE A4S1
    FILL$ HM ) HORROR & 9DIGN,N48 997#B7
    ,! ,REV4 ,O4 ,P4 ,CAMBRIDGE 99 7#C7
    A3.TS 9 ! FOLL[+ MANN] =! EXTREME
    SMALL;S (! MALE 9 ! G5US ,NEPHILA4
    8,M4 ,V9SON GIVES A GRAPHIC A3.T (!
    AGILE WAY 9 : ! DIM9UTIVE MALE
    ESCAPES F ! F]OC;Y (! FEMALE1 0GLID+
    AB & PLAY+ HIDE & SEEK OV] H] BODY &
    AL;G H] GIGANTIC LIMBS3 9 S* A
    PURSUIT X IS EVID5T T ! *.ES (
    ESCAPE WD 2 9 FAV\R (! SMALLE/
    MALES1 :IL/ ! L>G] "OS WD FALL E>LY
    VICTIMS2 ?US GRADU,Y A DIM9UTIVE
    RACE ( MALES WD 2 SELECT$1 UNTIL AT
    LA/ !Y WD DW9DLE 6! SMALLE/ POSSI#
    SIZE -PATI# )! EX]CISE ( _! G5]ATIVE
    FUNC;NS1- 9 FACT1 PROBABLY 6! SIZE
    WE N[ SEE !M1 I4 E41 S SMALL Z 6BE A
    SORT ( P>ASITE ^U ! FEMALE1 & EI 2N
    H] NOTICE1 OR TOO AGILE & TOO SMALL
    = H] 6CAT* )\T GRT DI6ICULTY40
      --,AUG4 ,V9SON 7,>ANEIDES DES
    ,ILES DE LA ,REUNION1 PL4 ;VI41
    FIGS4 #A & #B7 GIVES A GD 9/.E (!
    SMALL SIZE (! MALE 9 ,EPEIRA NIGRA4
    ,9 ? SPECIES1 Z ,I MAY ADD1 ! MALE
    IS TE/ACE\S &! FEMALE BLACK ) LEGS
    B&$ ) R$4 ,O!R EV5 M /RIK+ CASES (
    9EQUAL;Y 9 SIZE 2T ! SEXES H BE5
    RECORD$ 7,QU>T]LY ,J\RNAL ( ,SCI;E1
    ,JULY1 #AHFH1 P4 #DBI72 B ,I H N SE5
    ! ORIG9AL A3.TS4
      997#B7 ,KIRBY & ,SP;E1 ,9TRODUC;N
    6,5TOMOLOGY1 VOL4 I41 #AHAH1 P4
    #BHJ4
      997#C7 ,PROCE$+S1 ,ZOOLOGICAL
    ,SOCIETY1 #AHGA1 P4 #FBA4
  ,WE/R+ HAS MADE ! 9T]E/+ 4COV]Y T !
MALES ( S"EAL SPECIES ( ,!RIDION 99 H !
P[] ( MAK+ A /RIDULAT+ S.D1 :IL/ !
FEMALES >E MUTE4 ,! APP>ATUS 3SI/S (A
S]RAT$ RIDGE AT ! BASE (! ABDOM51 AG/ :
! H>D H9D] "P (! ?ORAX IS RU2$2 &( ?
/RUCTURE N A TRACE C 2 DETECT$ 9 !
FEMALES4 ,X DES]VES NOTICE T S"EAL
WRIT]S1 9CLUD+ ! WELL-"KN >A*NOLOGI/
,WALCK5AER1 H DCLD T SPID]S >E ATTRACT$
0MUSIC4 99 7#B7 ,F ! ANALOGY (!
,OR?OPT]A & ,HOMOPT]A1 6BE DESCRIB$ 9 !
NEXT *APT]1 WE MAY FEEL ALM SURE T !
/RIDUL,N S]VES1 Z ,WE/R+ AL 2LIEVES1
6CALL OR 6EXCITE ! FEMALE2 & ? IS ! F/
CASE "KN 6ME 9 ! ASC5D+ SCALE (! ANIMAL
K+DOM ( S.DS EMITT$ = ? PURPOSE4 99 7#C7
      --,!RIDION 7,ASAG5A1 ,SUND47
    S]RATIPES1 #D-PUNCTATUM ET GUTTATUM2
    SEE ,WE/R+1 9 ,KROY]1 ,NATURHI/4
    ,TIDSKRIFT1 VOL4 ;IV41 #AHDB-AHDC1
    P4 #CDI2 & VOL4 ;II41 #AHDF-AHDI1 P4
    #CDB4 ,SEE1 AL1 = O!R SPECIES1
    ,>AN1E ,SUECICAE1 P4 #AHD4
      997#B7 ,DR4 ,H4 ,H4 VAN ,Z\TEVE51
    9 8 ,DUT* TRANSL,N ( ? "W 7VOL4 I41
    P4 #DDD71 HAS COLLECT$ S"EAL CASES4
      997#C7 ,HILG5DORF1 H["E1 HAS
    LATELY CALL$ ATT5;N 6AN ANALOG\S
    /RUCTURE 9 "S (! HI<] CRU/AC1NS1 :
    SEEMS ADAPT$ 6PRODUCE S.D2 SEE
    ,ZOOLOGICAL ,RECORD1 #AHFI1 P4 #FJC4
  ,CLASS3 ,,MYRIAPODA4- ,9 NEI (! TWO
ORD]S 9 ? CLASS1 ! MILLIP$ES & C5TIP$ES1
C ,I F9D ANY WELL-M>K$ 9/.ES ( S* SEXUAL
DI6];ES Z M "PICUL>LY 3C]N U4 ,9
,GLOM]IS LIMBATA1 H["E1 & P]H 9 "S FEW
O!R SPECIES1 ! MALES DI6] SLI<TLY 9
COL\R F ! FEMALES2 B ? ,GLOM]IS IS A
HI<LY V>IA# SPECIES4 ,9 ! MALES (!
,DIPLOPODA1 ! LEGS 2L;G+ EI 6"O (!
ANT]IOR OR (! PO/]IOR SEG;TS (! BODY >E
MODIFI$ 96PREH5SILE HOOKS : S]VE 6SECURE
! FEMALE4 ,9 "S SPECIES ( ,IULUS ! T>SI
(! MALE >E FURNI%$ ) MEMBRANE\S SUCK]S =
! SAME PURPOSE4 ,Z WE % SEE :5 WE TR1T (
9SECTS1 X IS A M* M UNUSUAL CIRCUM/.E1 T
X IS ! FEMALE 9 ,LI?OBIUS1 : IS FURNI%$
) PREH5SILE APP5DAGES AT ! EXTREM;Y ( H]
BODY = HOLD+ ! MALE4 99
      --,WALCK5AER ET ,P4 ,G]VAIS1 ,HI/4
    ,NAT4 DES ,9SECTES3 ,APT]ES1 TOM4
    ;IV41 #AHDG1 PP4 #AG1 #AI1 #FH4

