              ,,BOOK ,,VII
                   #A
  ,LET U N[ MAKE A FRE% 2G9N+ & PO9T \ T
( MORAL /ATES 6BE AVOID$ "! >E ?REE
K9DS-VICE1 9CONT9;E1 BRUTI%;S4 ,!
3TR>IES ( TWO ( ^! >E EVID5T1-"O WE CALL
VIRTUE1 ! O!R 3T9;E2 6BRUTI%;S X WD 2
MO/ FITT+ 6OPPOSE SUP]HUMAN VIRTUE1 A
H]OIC & DIV9E K9D ( VIRTUE1 Z ,HOM] HAS
REPRES5T$ ,PRIAM SAY+ ( ,HECTOR T HE 0 V
GD1
  ,= HE SEEM$ N1 HE1
  ,! * (A MORTAL MAN1 B Z "O T ( ,GOD'S
SE$ CAME4
  ,"!=E IF1 Z !Y SAY1 M5 2COME GODS
0EXCESS ( VIRTUE1 ( ? K9D M/ EVID5TLY 2
! /ATE OPPOS$ 6! BRUTI% /ATE2 = Z A
BRUTE HAS NO VICE OR VIRTUE1 S NEI HAS A
GOD2 8 /ATE IS HI<] ?AN VIRTUE1 & T (A
BRUTE IS A DI6]5T K9D ( /ATE F VICE4
  ,N[1 S9CE X IS R>ELY T A GODLIKE MAN
IS F.D-TO USE ! EPI!T (! ,S"PANS1 :O :5
!Y ADMIRE ANY "O HI<LY CALL HM A
,8GODLIKE MAN'-S TOO ! BRUTI% TYPE IS
R>ELY F.D AM;G M52 X IS F.D *IEFLY AM;G
B>B>IANS1 B "S BRUTI% QUALITIES >E AL
PRODUC$ 041SE OR DE=M;Y2 & WE AL CALL 0?
EVIL "N ^? M5 :O G 2Y ALL ORD9>Y /&>DS
0R1SON ( VICE4 ,( ? K9D ( 4POSI;N1 H["E1
WE M/ LAT] MAKE "S M5;N1 :ILE WE H
4CUSS$ VICE 2F WE M/ N[ 4CUSS 9CONT9;E &
S(T;S 7OR E6EM9ACY71 & 3T9;E & 5DUR.E2 =
WE M/ TR1T EA* (! TWO NEI Z ID5TICAL )
VIRTUE OR WICK$;S1 NOR Z A DI6]5T G5US4
,WE M/1 Z 9 ALL O!R CASES1 SET ! OBS]V$
FACTS 2F U &1 AF F/ 4CUSS+ !
DI6ICULTIES1 G ON 6PROVE1 IF POSSI#1 !
TRU? ( ALL ! -MON OP9IONS AB ^! A6EC;NS
(! M9D1 OR1 FAIL+ ?1 (! GRT] NUMB] &!
MO/ AU?ORITATIVE2 = IF WE BO? REFUTE !
OBJEC;NS & L1VE ! -MON OP9IONS
UNDISTURB$1 WE % H PROV$ ! CASE
SU6ICI5TLY4
  ,N[ 7#A7 BO? 3T9;E & 5DUR.E >E ?"\ 6BE
9CLUD$ AM;G ?+S GD & PRAISEWOR?Y1 & BO?
9CONT9;E & S(T1 NESS AM;G ?+S BAD &
BLAMEWOR?Y2 &! SAME MAN IS ?"\ 6BE 3T95T
& R1DY 6ABIDE 0! RESULT ( 8 CALCUL,NS1
OR 9CONT95T & R1DY 6AB&ON !M4 ,& 7#B7 !
9CONT95T MAN1 "K+ T :AT HE DOES IS BAD1
DOES X Z A RESULT ( PAS.N1 :ILE ! 3T95T
MAN1 "K+ T 8 APPETITES >E BAD1 REFUSES
ON A3.T ( 8 R,NAL PR9CIPLE 6FOLL[ !M
7#C7 ,! TEMP]ATE MAN ALL M5 CALL 3T95T &
4POS$ 65DUR.E1 :ILE ! 3T95T MAN "S
MA9TA9 6BE ALW TEMP]ATE B O!RS D N2 & "S
CALL ! SELF-9DULG5T MAN 9CONT95T &!
9CONT95T MAN SELF9DULG5T 9DISCRIM9ATELY1
:ILE O!RS 4T+UI% !M4 7#D7 ,! MAN (
PRACTICAL WISDOM1 !Y "S"TS SAY1 _C 2
9CONT95T1 :ILE "S"TS !Y SAY T "S :O >E
PRACTIC,Y WISE & CL"E >E 9CONT95T4 ,AG
7#E7 M5 >E SD 6BE 9CONT95T EV5 ) RESPECT
6ANG]1 HON\R1 & GA94-,^!1 !N1 >E ! ?+S T
>E SD4
                   #B
  ,N[ WE MAY ASK 7#A7 H[ A MAN :O JUDGES
"RLY C 2HAVE 9CONT95TLY4 ,T HE %D 2HAVE
S :5 HE HAS K1 "S SAY IS IMPOSSI#2 = X
WD 2 /RANGE-S ,SOCRATES ?"\-IF :5 K 0 9
A MAN "S?+ ELSE CD MA/] X & DRAG X AB L
A SLAVE4 ,= ,SOCRATES 0 5TIRELY OPPOS$
6! VIEW 9 "Q1 HOLD+ T "! IS NO S* ?+ Z
9CONT9;E2 NO "O1 HE SD1 :5 HE JUDGES
ACTS AG/ :AT HE JUDGES BE/-P ACT S ONLY
0R1SON ( IGNOR.E4 ,N[ ? VIEW PLA9LY
3TRADICTS ! OBS]V$ FACTS1 & WE M/ 9QUIRE
AB :AT HAPP5S 6S* A MAN2 IF HE ACTS
0R1SON ( IGNOR.E1 :AT IS ! MANN] ( 8
IGNOR.E8 ,= T ! MAN :O 2HAVES 9CONT95TLY
DOES N1 2F HE GETS 96? /ATE1 ?9K HE "\
6ACT S1 IS EVID5T4 ,B "! >E "S :O 3C$E
C]TA9 ( ,SOCRATES' 3T5;NS B N O!RS2 T
NO?+ IS /R;G] ?AN K !Y ADMIT1 B N T ON
"O ACTS 3TR>Y 6:AT HAS SEEM$ 6HM ! BETT]
C\RSE1 & "!=E !Y SAY T ! 9CONT95T MAN
HAS N K :5 HE IS MA/]$ 0HIS PL1SURES1 B
OP9ION4 ,B IF X IS OP9ION & N K1 IF X IS
N A /R;G 3VIC;N T RESI/S B A W1K "O1 Z 9
M5 :O HESITATE1 WE SYMPA?IZE ) _!
FAILURE 6/& 0S* 3VIC;NS AG/ /R;G
APPETITES2 B WE D N SYMPA?IZE ) WICK$;S1
NOR ) ANY (! O!R BLAMEWOR?Y /ATES4 ,IS X
!N PRACTICAL WISDOM ^: RESI/.E IS MA/]$8
,T IS ! /R;GE/ ( ALL /ATES4 ,B ? IS
ABSURD2 ! SAME MAN W 2 AT ONCE PRACTIC,Y
WISE & 9CONT95T1 B NO "O WD SAY T X IS !
"P (A PRACTIC,Y WISE MAN 6D WILL+LY !
BASE/ ACTS4 ,2SS1 X HAS BE5 %[N 2F T !
MAN ( PRACTICAL WISDOM IS "O :O W ACT 7=
HE IS A MAN 3C]N$ )! 9DIVIDUAL FACTS7 &
:O HAS ! O!R VIRTUES4
  ,FUR!R1 IF 3T9;E 9VOLVES HAV+ /R;G &
BAD APPETITES1 ! TEMP]ATE MAN W N 2
3T95T NOR ! 3T95T MAN TEMP]ATE2 =A
TEMP]ATE MAN W H NEI EXCESSIVE NOR BAD
APPETITES4 ,B ! 3T95T MAN M/2 = IF !
APPETITES >E GD1 ! /ATE ( "* T RE/RA9S U
F FOLL[+ !M IS BAD1 S T N ALL 3T9;E W 2
GD2 :ILE IF !Y >E W1K & N BAD1 "! IS
NO?+ ADMIRA# 9 RESI/+ !M1 & IF !Y >E W1K
& BAD1 "! IS NO?+ GRT 9 RESI/+ ^! EI4
  ,FUR!R1 IF 3T9;E MAKES A MAN R1DY 6/&
0ANY & E OP9ION1 X IS BAD1 I4E4 IF X
MAKES HM /& EV5 0A FALSE OP9ION2 & IF
9CONT9;E MAKES A MAN APT 6AB&ON ANY & E
OP9ION1 "! W 2 A GD 9CONT9;E1 ( :
,SOPHOCLES' ,NEOPTOLEMUS 9 !
,PHILOCTETES W 2 AN 9/.E2 = HE IS 6BE
PRAIS$ = N /&+ 0:AT ,ODYSSEUS P]SUAD$ HM
6D1 2C HE IS PA9$ AT TELL+ A LIE4
  ,FUR!R1 ! SOPHI/IC >GU;T PRES5TS A
DI6ICULTY2 ! SYLLOGISM >IS+ F M5'S WI%
6EXPOSE P>ADOXICAL RESULTS >IS+ F AN
OPPON5T'S VIEW1 9 ORD] T !Y MAY 2 ADMIR$
:5 !Y SU3E$1 IS "O T PUTS U 9 A
DI6ICULTY 7= ?"\ IS B.D FA/ :5 X W N RE/
2C ! 3CLU.N DOES N SATISFY X1 & _C ADV.E
2C X _C REFUTE ! >GU;T74 ,"! IS AN >GU;T
F : X FOLL[S T FOLLY C\PL$ ) 9CONT9;E IS
VIRTUE2 =A MAN DOES ! OPPOSITE ( :AT HE
JUDGES1 [+ 69CONT9;E1 B JUDGES :AT IS GD
6BE EVIL & "S?+ T HE %D N D1 & 3SEQU;E
HE W D :AT IS GD & N :AT IS EVIL4
  ,FUR!R1 HE :O ON 3VIC;N DOES & PURSUES
& *OOSES :AT IS PL1SANT WD 2 ?"\ 6BE
BETT] ?AN "O :O DOES S Z A RESULT N (
CALCUL,N B ( 9CONT9;E2 = HE IS EASI]
6CURE S9CE HE MAY 2 P]SUAD$ 6*ANGE 8
M9D4 ,B 6! 9CONT95T MAN MAY 2 APPLI$ !
PROV]B ,8:5 WAT] *OKES1 :AT IS "O 6WA% X
D[N )80' ,IF HE _H BE5 P]SUAD$ (! "R;S (
:AT HE DOES1 HE WD H DESI/$ :5 HE 0
P]SUAD$ 6*ANGE 8 M9D2 B N[ HE ACTS 9
SPITE ( 8 2+ P]SUAD$ ( "S?+ Q DI6]5T4
  ,FUR!R1 IF 9CONT9;E & 3T9;E >E 3C]N$ )
ANY & E K9D ( OBJECT1 :O IS X T IS
9CONT95T 9 ! UNQUALIFI$ S5SE8 ,NO "O HAS
ALL ! =MS ( 9CONT9;E1 B WE SAY "S P >E
9CONT95T )\T QUALIFIC,N4
                   #C
  ,( "S S* K9D >E ! DI6ICULTIES T >ISE2
"S ( ^! PO9TS M/ 2 REFUT$ &! O!RS LEFT 9
POSSES.N (! FIELD2 =! SOLU;N (!
DI6ICULTY IS ! 4COV]Y (! TRU?4 7#A7 ,WE
M/ 3SID] F/1 !N1 :E!R 9CONT95T P ACT
"K+LY OR N1 & 9 :AT S5SE "K+LY2 !N 7#B7
) :AT SORTS ( OBJECT ! 9CONT95T &! 3T95T
MAN MAY 2 SD 6BE 3C]N$ 7I4E4 :E!R ) ANY
& E PL1SURE & PA9 OR ) C]TA9 DET]M9ATE
K9DS71 & :E!R ! 3T95T MAN &! MAN (
5DUR.E >E ! SAME OR DI6]5T2 & SIMIL>LY )
REG>D 6! O!R MATT]S G]MANE 6? 9QUIRY4 ,!
/>T+-PO9T ( \R 9VE/IG,N IS 7A7 ! "Q :E!R
! 3T95T MAN &! 9CONT95T >E DI6]5TIAT$
0_! OBJECTS OR 0_! ATTITUDE1 I4E4 :E!R !
9CONT95T MAN IS 9CONT95T SIMPLY 02+
3C]N$ ) S* & S* OBJECTS1 OR1 9/1D1 0HIS
ATTITUDE1 OR1 9/1D ( T1 0BO? ^! ?+S2 7B7
! SECOND "Q IS :E!R 9CONT9;E & 3T9;E >E
3C]N$ ) ANY & E OBJECT OR N4 ,! MAN :O
IS 9CONT95T 9 ! UNQUALIFI$ S5SE IS NEI
3C]N$ ) ANY & E OBJECT1 B ) PRECISELY ^?
) : ! SELF-9DULG5T MAN IS 3C]N$1 NOR IS
HE "*IZ$ 02+ SIMPLY RELAT$ 6^! 7= !N 8
/ATE WD 2 ! SAME Z SELF-9DULG;E71 B 02+
RELAT$ 6!M 9 A C]TA9 WAY4 ,=! "O IS L$
ON 9 A3ORD.E ) 8 [N *OICE1 ?9K+ T HE "\
ALW 6PURSUE ! PRES5T PL1SURE2 :ILE ! O!R
DOES N ?9K S1 B YET PURSUES X4

7#A7 ,Z =! SU7ES;N T X IS TRUE OP9ION &
  N K AG/ : WE ACT 9CONT95TLY1 T MAKES
  NO DI6];E 6! >GU;T2 = "S P :5 9 A /ATE
  ( OP9ION D N HESITATE1 B ?9K !Y "K
  EXACTLY4 ,IF1 !N1 ! NO;N IS T [+ 6_!
  W1K 3VIC;N ^? :O H OP9ION >E M LIKELY
  6ACT AG/ _! JUDGE;T ?AN ^? :O "K1 WE
  ANSW] T "! NE$ 2 NO DI6];E 2T K &
  OP9ION 9 ? RESPECT2 = "S M5 >E NO LESS
  3V9C$ ( :AT !Y ?9K ?AN O!RS ( :AT !Y
  "K2 Z IS %[N 0! ( ,H]ACLITUS4 ,B 7A71
  S9CE WE USE ! ^W ,8"K0' 9 TWO S5SES 7=
  BO? ! MAN :O HAS K B IS N US+ X & HE
  :O IS US+ X >E SD 6"K71 X W MAKE A
  DI6];E :E!R1 :5 A MAN DOES :AT HE %D
  N1 HE HAS ! K B IS N EX]CIS+ X1 OR IS
  EX]CIS+ X2 =! LATT] SEEMS /RANGE1 B N
  ! =M]4
7B7 ,FUR!R1 S9CE "! >E TWO K9DS (
  PREMISSES1 "! IS NO?+ 6PREV5T A MAN'S
  HAV+ BO? PREMISSES & ACT+ AG/ 8 K1
  PROVID$ T HE IS US+ ONLY ! UNIV]SAL
  PREMISS & N ! "PICUL>2 = X IS "PICUL>
  ACTS T H 6BE D"O4 ,& "! >E AL TWO K9DS
  ( UNIV]SAL T]M2 "O IS PR$ICA# (! AG5T1
  ! O!R (! OBJECT2 E4G4 ,8DRY FOOD IS GD
  = E MAN0'1 & ,8,I AM A MAN0'1 OR ,8S*
  & S* FOOD IS DRY0'2 B :E!R ,8? FOOD IS
  S* & S*0'1 ( ? ! 9CONT95T MAN EI HAS N
  OR IS N EX]CIS+ ! K4 ,"! W1 !N1 BE1
  F/LY1 AN ENORM\S DI6];E 2T ^! MANN]S (
  "K+1 S T 6"K 9 "O WAY :5 WE ACT
  9CONT95TLY WD N SEEM ANY?+ /RANGE1
  :ILE 6"K 9 ! O!R WAY WD 2 EXTRAORD9>Y4
  ,& FUR!R 7C7 ! POSSES.N ( K 9 ANO!R
S5SE ?AN ^? J "ND IS "S?+ T HAPP5S 6M52
= )9 ! CASE ( HAV+ K B N US+ X WE SEE A
DI6];E ( /ATE1 ADMITT+ (! POSSIBIL;Y (
HAV+ K 9 A S5SE & YET N HAV+ X1 Z 9 !
9/.E (A MAN ASLEEP1 MAD1 OR DRUNK4 ,B N[
? IS J ! 3DI;N ( M5 "U ! 9FLU;E (
PAS.NS2 = \TBUR/S ( ANG] & SEXUAL
APPETITES & "S O!R S* PAS.NS1 X IS
EVID5T1 ACTU,Y ALT] \R BODILY 3DI;N1 & 9
"S M5 EV5 PRODUCE FITS ( MAD;S4 ,X IS
PLA91 !N1 T 9CONT95T P M/ 2 SD 6BE 9 A
SIMIL> 3DI;N 6M5 ASLEEP1 MAD1 OR DRUNK4
,! FACT T M5 USE ! LANGUAGE T FL[S F K
PROVES NO?+2 = EV5 M5 "U ! 9FLU;E ( ^!
PAS.NS UTT] SCI5TIFIC PRO(S & V]SES (
,EMP$OCLES1 & ^? :O H J 2GUN 6LE>N A
SCI;E C /R+ TGR XS PHRASES1 B D N YET "K
X2 = X HAS 62COME "P ( !MVS1 & T TAKES
"T2 S T WE M/ SUPPOSE T ! USE ( LANGUAGE
0M5 9 AN 9CONT95T /ATE M1NS NO M ?AN XS
UTT].E 0ACTORS ON ! /AGE4 7D7 ,AG1 WE
MAY AL VIEW ! CAUSE Z FOLL[S ) REF];E 6!
FACTS ( HUMAN NATURE4 ,! "O OP9ION IS
UNIV]SAL1 ! O!R IS 3C]N$ )! "PICUL>
FACTS1 & "H WE -E 6"S?+ )9 ! SPH]E (
P]CEP;N2 :5 A S+LE OP9ION RESULTS F !
TWO1 ! S\L M/ 9 "O TYPE ( CASE A6IRM !
3CLU.N1 :ILE 9 ! CASE ( OP9IONS 3C]N$ )
PRODUC;N X M/ IMMLY ACT 7E4G4 IF ,8"EY?+
SWEET "\ 6BE TA/$0'1 & ,8? IS SWEET0'1 9
! S5SE ( 2+ "O (! "PICUL> SWEET ?+S1 !
MAN :O C ACT & IS N PREV5T$ M/ AT ! SAME
"T ACTU,Y ACT ACLY74 ,:51 !N1 ! UNIV]SAL
OP9ION IS PRES5T 9 U =BI4+ U 6TA/E1 & "!
IS AL ! OP9ION T ,8"EY?+ SWEET IS
PL1SANT0'1 & T ,8? IS SWEET0' 7N[ ? IS !
OP9ION T IS ACTIVE71 & :5 APPETITE
HAPP5S 6BE PRES5T 9 U1 ! "O OP9ION BIDS
U AVOID ! OBJECT1 B APPETITE L1DS U
T[>DS X 7= X C MOVE EA* ( \R BODILY
"PS72 S T X TURNS \ T A MAN 2HAVES
9CONT95TLY "U ! 9FLU;E 7IN A S5SE7 (A
RULE & AN OP9ION1 &( "O N 3TR>Y 9 XF1 B
ONLY 9CID5T,Y-=! APPETITE IS 3TR>Y1 N !
OP9ION-TO ! "R RULE4 ,X AL FOLL[S T ? IS
! R1SON :Y ! L[] ANIMALS >E N 9CONT95T1
VIZ4 2C !Y H NO UNIV]SAL JUDGE;T B ONLY
IMAG9,N & MEMORY ( "PICUL>S4
  ,! EXPLAN,N ( H[ ! IGNOR.E IS 4SOLV$ &
! 9CONT95T MAN REGA9S 8 K1 IS ! SAME Z 9
! CASE (! MAN DRUNK OR ASLEEP & IS N
PECULI> 6? 3DI;N2 WE M/ G 6! /UD5TS (
NATURAL SCI;E = X4 ,N[1 ! LA/ PREMISS
BO? 2+ AN OP9ION AB A P]CEPTI# OBJECT1 &
2+ :AT DET]M9ES \R AC;NS ? A MAN EI HAS
N :5 HE IS 9 ! /ATE ( PAS.N1 OR HAS X 9
! S5SE 9 : HAV+ K DID N M1N "K+ B ONLY
TALK+1 Z A DRUNK5 MAN MAY UTT] ! V]SES (
,EMP$OCLES4 ,& 2C ! LA/ T]M IS N
UNIV]SAL NOR EQU,Y AN OBJECT ( SCI5TIFIC
K )! UNIV]SAL T]M1 ! POSI;N T ,SOCRATES
S"\ 6E/ABLI% ACTU,Y SEEMS 6RESULT2 = X
IS N 9 ! PRES;E ( :AT IS ?"\ 6BE K PROP]
T ! A6EC;N ( 9CONT9;E >ISES 7NOR IS X ?
T IS ,8DRA7$ AB0' Z A RESULT (! /ATE (
PAS.N71 B 9 T ( P]CEPTUAL K4
  ,? M/ SU6ICE Z \R ANSW] 6! "Q ( AC;N )
& )\T K1 & H[ X IS POSSI# 62HAVE
9CONT95TLY ) K4
                   #D
  ,WE M/ NEXT 4CUSS :E!R "! IS ANY "O :O
IS 9CONT95T )\T QUALIFIC,N1 OR ALL M5 :O
>E 9CONT95T >E S 9 A "PICUL> S5SE1 & IF
"! IS1 ) :AT SORT ( OBJECTS HE IS 3C]N$4
,T BO? 3T95T P]SONS & P]SONS ( 5DUR.E1 &
9CONT95T & S(T P]SONS1 >E 3C]N$ )
PL1SURES & PA9S1 IS EVID5T4
  ,N[ (! ?+S T PRODUCE PL1SURE "S >E
NEC1 :ILE O!RS >E WOR?Y ( *OICE 9 !MVS B
ADMIT ( EXCESS1 ! BODILY CAUSES (
PL1SURE 2+ NEC 70S* ,I M1N BO? ^? 3C]N$
) FOOD & ^? 3C]N$ ) SEXUAL 9T]C\RSE1
I4E4 ! BODILY MATT]S ) : WE DEF9$ SELF-
9DULG;E & TEMP].E Z 2+ 3C]N$71 :ILE !
O!RS >E N NEC B WOR?Y ( *OICE 9 !MVS
7E4G4 VICTORY1 HON\R1 W1L?1 & GD &
PL1SANT ?+S ( ? SORT74 ,? 2+ S1 7A7 ^?
:O G 6EXCESS ) REF];E 6! LATT]1 3TR>Y 6!
"R RULE : IS 9 !MVS1 >E N CALL$ 9CONT95T
SIMPLY1 B 9CONT95T )! QUALIFIC,N ,8IN
RESPECT ( M"OY1 GA91 HON\R1 OR ANG]0'1-N
SIMPLY 9CONT95T1 ON ! GR.D T !Y >E
DI6]5T F 9CONT95T P & >E CALL$ 9CONT95T
0R1SON (A RESEMBL.E4 7,-P>E ! CASE (
,AN?ROPOS 7,MAN71 :O WON A 3TE/ AT !
,OLYMPIC GAMES2 9 8 CASE ! G5]AL DEF9I;N
( MAN DI6]$ LL F ! DEF9I;N PECULI> 6HM1
B YET X 0 DI6]5T47 ,? IS %[N 0! FACT T
9CONT9;E EI )\T QUALIFIC,N OR 9 RESPECT
( "S "PICUL> BODILY PL1SURE IS BLAM$ N
ONLY Z A FAULT B Z A K9D ( VICE1 :ILE
N"O (! P :O >E 9CONT95T 9 ^! O!R
RESPECTS IS S BLAM$4
  ,B 7B7 (! P :O >E 9CONT95T ) RESPECT
6BODILY 5JOY;TS1 ) : WE SAY ! TEMP]ATE &
! SELF-9DULG5T MAN >E 3C]N$1 HE :O
PURSUES ! EXCESSES ( ?+S PL1SANT-& %UNS
^? ( ?+S PA9;L1 ( HUNG] & ?IR/ & H1T &
COLD & ALL ! OBJECTS ( T\* & TA/E-N
0*OICE B 3TR>Y 6HIS *OICE & 8 JUDGE;T1
IS CALL$ 9CONT95T1 N )! QUALIFIC,N ,8IN
RESPECT ( ? OR T0'1 E4G4 ( ANG]1 B J
SIMPLY4 ,? IS 3FIRM$ 0! FACT T M5 >E
CALL$ ,8S(T0' ) REG>D 6^! PL1SURES1 B N
) REG>D 6ANY (! O!RS4 ,&= ? R1SON WE
GR\P TGR ! 9CONT95T &! SELF-9DULG5T1 !
3T95T &! TEMP]ATE MAN-B N ANY ( ^! O!R
TYPES-2C !Y >E 3C]N$ "SH[ )! SAME
PL1SURES & PA9S2 B ?\< ^! >E 3C]N$ )!
SAME OBJECTS1 !Y >E N SIMIL>LY RELAT$
6!M1 B "S ( !M MAKE A DELIB]ATE *OICE
:ILE ! O!RS D N4
  ,? IS :Y WE %D DESCRIBE Z SELF-9DULG5T
R ! MAN :O )\T APPETITE OR ) B A SLI<T
APPETITE PURSUES ! EXCESSES ( PL1SURE &
AVOIDS MOD]ATE PA9S1 ?AN ! MAN :O DOES S
2C ( 8 /R;G APPETITES2 = :AT WD ! =M] D1
IF HE _H 9 A4I;N A VIGOR\S APPETITE1 &A
VIOL5T PA9 AT ! LACK (! ,8NEC0' OBJECTS8
  ,N[ ( APPETITES & PL1SURES "S 2L;G 6!
CLASS ( ?+S G5]IC,Y NO# & GD-= "S
PL1SANT ?+S >E 0NATURE WOR?Y ( *OICE1
:ILE O!RS >E 3TR>Y 6^!1 & O!RS >E
9T]M$IATE1 6ADOPT \R PREVI\S 4T9C;N-E4G4
W1L?1 GA91 VICTORY1 HON\R4 ,&) REF];E
6ALL OBJECTS :E!R ( ? OR (! 9T]M$IATE
K9D M5 >E N BLAM$ = 2+ A6ECT$ 0!M1 =
DESIR+ & LOV+ !M1 B = DO+ S 9 A C]TA9
WAY1 I4E4 = GO+ 6EXCESS4 7,? IS :Y ALL
^? :O 3TR>Y 6! RULE EI >E MA/]$ 0OR
PURSUE "O (! OBJECTS : >E NATUR,Y NO# &
GD1 E4G4 ^? :O BUSY !MVS M ?AN !Y "\ AB
HON\R OR AB *N & P>5TS1 7>E N WICK$72 =
^! TOO >E GD1 & ^? :O BUSY !MVS AB !M >E
PRAIS$2 B YET "! IS AN EXCESS EV5 9 !M-
IF L ,NIOBE "O 7 6FI<T EV5 AG/ ! GODS1
OR 7 6BE Z M* DEVOT$ 6"O'S "F Z ,SATYRUS
NICK"ND ,8! FILIAL0'1 :O 0 ?"\ 6BE V
SILLY ON ? PO9T47 ,"! IS NO WICK$;S1 !N1
) REG>D 6^! OBJECTS1 =! R1SON "ND1 VIZ4
2C EA* ( !M IS 0NATURE A ?+ WOR?Y (
*OICE = XS [N SAKE2 YET EXCESSES 9
RESPECT ( !M >E BAD & 6BE AVOID$4
,SIMIL>LY "! IS NO 9CONT9;E ) REG>D 6!M2
= 9CONT9;E IS N ONLY 6BE AVOID$ B IS AL
A ?+ WOR?Y ( BLAME2 B [+ 6A SIMIL>;Y 9 !
/ATE ( FEEL+ P APPLY ! "N 9CONT9;E1 A4+
9 EA* CASE :AT X IS 9 RESPECT (1 Z WE
MAY DESCRIBE Z A BAD DOCTOR OR A BAD
ACTOR "O :OM WE %D N CALL BAD1 SIMPLY4
,Z1 !N1 9 ? CASE WE D N APPLY ! T]M )\T
QUALIFIC,N 2C EA* ( ^! 3DI;NS IS NO
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9 ! O!R CASE AL T AL"O M/ 2 TAK5 6BE
9CONT9;E & 3T9;E : IS 3C]N$ )! SAME
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,89CONT95T 9 RESPECT ( ANG]0' Z WE SAY
,89CONT95T 9 RESPECT ( HON\R1 OR ( GA9'4
                   #E
  ,"S ?+S >E PL1SANT 0NATURE1 &( ^! 7A7
"S >E S )\T QUALIFIC,N1 & 7B7 O!RS >E S
) REF];E 6"PICUL> CLASSES EI ( ANIMALS
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0NATURE1 B 7A7 "S ( !M 2COME S 0R1SON (
9JURIES 6! SY/EM1 & 7B7 O!RS 0R1SON (
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6! =M]2 ,I M1N 7,A7 ! BRUTI% /ATES1 Z 9
! CASE (! FEMALE :O1 !Y SAY1 RIPS OP5
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?+S 9 : "S (! TRIBES AB ! ,BLACK ,SEA T
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9 HUMAN FLE%1 OR 9 L5D+ _! *N 6"O ANO!R
6F1/ ^U-OR (! /ORY TOLD ( ,PHAL>IS4
  ,^! /ATES >E BRUTI%1 B 7,B7 O!RS >ISE
Z A RESULT ( 41SE 7OR1 9 "S CASES1 (
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O!RS >E MORBID /ATES 7,C7 RESULT+ F
CU/OM1 E4G4 ! HABIT ( PLUCK+ \ ! HAIR OR
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9 A4I;N 6^! PAED]A/Y2 = ^! >ISE 9 "S
0NATURE & 9 O!RS1 Z 9 ^? :O H BE5 !
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  ,N[ ^? 9 :OM NATURE IS ! CAUSE ( S* A
/ATE NO "O WD CALL 9CONT95T1 ANY M ?AN
"O WD APPLY ! EPI!T 6WOM5 2C (! PASSIVE
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6^? :O >E 9 A MORBID 3DI;N Z A RESULT (
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! LIMITS ( VICE1 Z BRUTI%;S IS TOO2 =A
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SIMPLE 73T9;E OR7 9CONT9;E B T : IS S
0ANALOGY1 Z ! MAN :O IS 9 ? 3DI;N 9
RESPECT ( FITS ( ANG] IS 6BE CALL$
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9CONT95T SIMPLY4 ,= E EXCESSIVE /ATE
:E!R ( FOLLY1 ( C[>DICE1 ( SELF-9DULG;E1
OR ( BAD TEMP]1 IS EI BRUTI% OR MORBID2
! MAN :O IS 0NATURE APT 6FE> "EY?+1 EV5
! SQU1K (A M\SE1 IS C[>DLY )A BRUTI%
C[>DICE1 :ILE ! MAN :O FE>$ A W1SEL DID
S 9 3SEQU;E ( 41SE2 &( FOOLI% P ^? :O
0NATURE >E ?"\.S & LIVE 0_! S5SES AL"O
>E BRUTI%1 L "S RACES (! 4TANT B>B>IANS1
:ILE ^? :O >E S Z A RESULT ( 41SE 7E4G4
( EPILEPSY7 OR ( MAD;S >E MORBID4 ,( ^!
"*I/ICS X IS POSSI# 6H "S ONLY AT "TS1 &
N 6BE MA/]$ 0!M4 E4G4 ,PHAL>IS MAY H
RE/RA9$ A DESIRE 6EAT ! FLE% (A * OR AN
APPETITE = UNNATURAL SEXUAL PL1SURE2 B X
IS AL POSSI# 6BE MA/]$1 N M]ELY 6H !
FEEL+S4 ,?US1 Z ! WICK$;S : IS ON !
HUMAN LEVEL IS CALL$ WICK$;S SIMPLY1
:ILE T : IS N IS CALL$ WICK$;S N SIMPLY
B )! QUALIFIC,N ,8BRUTI%0' OR
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9CONT9;E IS BRUTI% & "S MORBID1 :ILE
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IS 9CONT9;E SIMPLY4
  ,T 9CONT9;E & 3T9;E1 !N1 >E 3C]N$ ONLY
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& T :AT IS 3C]N$ ) O!R OBJECTS IS A TYPE
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METAPHOR & N SIMPLY1 IS PLA94
                   #F
  ,T 9CONT9;E 9 RESPECT ( ANG] IS LESS
4GRACE;L ?AN T 9 RESPECT (! APPETITES IS
:AT WE W N[ PROCE$ 6SEE4 7#A7 ,ANG]
SEEMS 6LI/5 6>GU;T 6"S EXT5T1 B 6MISHE>
X1 Z D HA/Y S]VANTS :O RUN \ 2F !Y H
HE>D ! :OLE ( :AT "O SAYS1 & !N MU4LE !
ORD]1 OR Z DOGS B>K IF "! IS B A KNOCK
AT ! DOOR1 2F LOOK+ 6SEE IF X IS A FR2 S
ANG] 0R1SON (! W>M? & HA/I;S ( XS
NATURE1 ?\< X HE>S1 DOES N HE> AN ORD]1
& SPR+S 6TAKE REV5GE4 ,= >GU;T OR
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SLI<T$1 & ANG]1 R1SON+ Z X 7 T ANY?+ L ?
M/ 2 F"\ AG/1 BOILS UP /RAI<TWAY2 :ILE
APPETITE1 IF >GU;T OR P]CEP;N M]ELY SAYS
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( X4 ,"!=E ANG] OBEYS ! >GU;T 9 A S5SE1
B APPETITE DOES N4 ,X IS "!=E M
4GRACE;L2 =! MAN :O IS 9CONT95T 9
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0>GU;T4
  ,FUR!R1 WE P>DON P M EASILY = FOLL[+
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6ALL M51 & 9 S F> Z !Y >E -MON2 N[ ANG]
& BAD TEMP] >E M NATURAL ?AN ! APPETITES
= EXCESS1 I4E4 = UNNEC OBJECTS4 ,TAKE =
9/.E ! MAN :O DEF5D$ HMF ON ! *>GE (
/RIK+ 8 "F 0SAY+ ,8YES1 B HE /RUCK 8 "F1
& HE /RUCK HIS1 &0' 7PO9T+ 6HIS *7 ,8?
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! FAMILY0'2 OR ! MAN :O :5 HE 0 2+ DRA7$
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  7#B7 ,FUR!R1 ^? :O >E M GIV5 6PLOTT+
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IS OP52 B ! NATURE ( APPETITE IS
ILLU/RAT$ 0:AT ! POETS CALL ,APHRODITE1
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  ,^: SUBTLETY /1LE? ! WITS (! WISE1 H[
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  ,FUR!R1 NO "O -MITS WANTON \TRAGE )A
FEEL+ ( PA91 B E "O :O ACTS 9 ANG] ACTS
) PA91 :ILE ! MAN :O -MITS \TRAGE ACTS )
PL1SURE4 ,IF1 !N1 ^? ACTS AT : X IS MO/
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9CONT9;E : IS DUE 6APPETITE IS ! M
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9 ANG]4
  ,PLA9LY1 !N1 ! 9CONT9;E 3C]N$ )
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BODILY APPETITES & PL1SURES2 B WE M/
GRASP ! DI6];ES AM;G ! LATT] !MVS4 ,=1 Z
HAS BE5 SD AT ! 2G9N+1 "S >E HUMAN &
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41SES4 ,ONLY )! F/ ( ^! >E TEMP].E &
SELF-9DULG;E 3C]N$2 ? IS :Y WE CALL !
L[] ANIMALS NEI TEMP]ATE NOR SELF-
9DULG5T EXCEPT 0A METAPHOR1 & ONLY IF "S
"O RACE ( ANIMALS EXCE$S ANO!R Z A :OLE
9 WANTON;S1 DE/RUCTIVE;S1 & OMNIVOR\S
GRE$2 ^! H NO P[] ( *OICE OR CALCUL,N1 B
!Y >E DE"PURES F ! NATURAL NORM1 Z1 AM;G
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NO BETT] "P4 ,?US X IS L -P>+ A LIFE.S
?+ )A LIV+ 9 RESPECT ( BAD;S2 =! BAD;S (
T : HAS NO ORIG9ATIVE S\RCE ( MOVE;T IS
ALW LESS HURT;L1 & R1SON IS AN
ORIG9ATIVE S\RCE4 ,?US X IS L -P>+
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                   #G
  ,) REG>D 6! PL1SURES & PA9S &
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6: BO? SELF-9DULG;E & TEMP].E 7 =M]LY
N>R[$ D[N1 X POSSI# 6BE 9 S* A /ATE Z
6BE DEF1T$ EV5 0^? ( !M : MO/ P MA/]1 OR
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POSSIBILITIES1 ^? RELAT+ 6PL1SURES >E
9CONT9;E & 3T9;E1 ^? RELAT+ 6PA9S S(T;S
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EV5 IF !Y L1N M T[>DS ! WORSE /ATES4
  ,N[1 S9CE "S PL1SURES >E NEC :ILE O!RS
>E N1 & >E NEC UP 6A PO9T :ILE !
EXCESSES ( !M >E N1 NOR ! DEFICI5CIES1 &
? IS EQU,Y TRUE ( APPETITES & PA9S1 !
MAN :O PURSUES ! EXCESSES ( ?+S PL1SANT1
OR PURSUES 6EXCESS NEC OBJECTS1 & DOES S
0*OICE1 = _! [N SAKE & N AT ALL =! SAKE
( ANY RESULT 4T9CT F !M1 IS SELF-
9DULG5T2 = S* A MAN IS ( NECESS;Y
UNLIKELY 6REP5T1 & "!=E 9CURA#1 S9CE A
MAN :O _C REP5T _C 2 CUR$4 ,! MAN :O IS
DEFICI5T 9 8 PURSUIT ( !M IS ! OPPOSITE
( SELF-9DULG5T2 ! MAN :O IS 9T]M$IATE IS
TEMP]ATE4 ,SIMIL>LY1 "! IS ! MAN :O
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B 0*OICE4 7,( ^? :O D N *OOSE S* ACTS1
"O K9D ( MAN IS L$ 6!M Z A RESULT (!
PL1SURE 9VOLV$1 ANO!R 2C HE AVOIDS ! PA9
>IS+ F ! APPETITE1 S T ^! TYPES DI6] F
"O ANO!R4 ,N[ ANY "O WD ?9K WORSE (A MAN
) NO APPETITE OR ) W1K APPETITE 7 HE 6D
"S?+ 4GRACE;L1 ?AN IF HE DID X "U !
9FLU;E ( P[];L APPETITE1 & WORSE ( HM IF
HE /RUCK A BL[ N 9 ANG] ?AN IF HE DID X
9 ANG]2 = :AT WD HE H D"O IF HE _H BE5
/R;GLY A6ECT$8 ,? IS :Y ! SELF-9DULG5T
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"ND1 !N1 ! LATT] IS R A K9D ( S(T;S2 !
=M] IS SELF-9DULG;E4 ,:ILE 6! 9CONT95T
MAN IS OPPOS$ ! 3T95T1 6! S(T IS OPPOS$
! MAN ( 5DUR.E2 = 5DUR.E 3SI/S 9 RESI/+1
:ILE 3T9;E 3SI/S 9 3QU]+1 & RESI/+ &
3QU]+ >E DI6]5T1 Z N 2+ B1T5 IS DI6]5T F
W9N+2 ? IS :Y 3T9;E IS AL M WOR?Y (
*OICE ?AN 5DUR.E4 ,N[ ! MAN :O IS
DEFECTIVE 9 RESPECT ( RESI/.E 6! ?+S :
MO/ M5 BO? RESI/ & RESI/ SU3ESS;LLY IS
S(T & E6EM9ATE2 = E6EM9ACY TOO IS A K9D
( S(T;S2 S* A MAN TRAILS 8 CLOAK 6AVOID
! PA9 ( LIFT+ X1 & PLAYS ! 9VALID )\T
?9K+ HMF WRET*$1 ?\< ! MAN HE IMITATES
IS A WRET*$ MAN4
  ,! CASE IS SIMIL> ) REG>D 63T9;E &
9CONT9;E4 ,= IF A MAN IS DEF1T$ 0VIOL5T
& EXCESSIVE PL1SURES OR PA9S1 "! IS NO?+
WOND];L 9 T2 9DE$ WE >E R1DY 6P>DON HM
IF HE HAS RESI/$1 Z ,!ODECTES'
,PHILOCTETES DOES :5 BITT5 0! SNAKE1 OR
,C>C9US' ,C]CYON 9 ! ,ALOPE1 & Z P :O
TRY 6RE/RA9 _! LAU<T] BUR/ \ 96A GU6AW1
Z HAPP5$ 6,X5OPHANTUS4 ,B X IS SURPRIS+
IF A MAN IS DEF1T$ 0& _C RESI/ PL1SURES
OR PA9S : MO/ M5 C HOLD \ AG/1 :5 ? IS N
DUE 6H]$;Y OR 41SE1 L ! S(T;S T IS
H]$IT>Y )! K+S (! ,SCY?IANS1 OR T :
4T+UI%ES ! FEMALE SEX F ! MALE4
  ,! LOV] ( AMUSE;T1 TOO1 IS ?"\ 6BE
SELF-9DULG5T1 B IS RE,Y S(T4 ,= AMUSE;T
IS A RELAX,N1 S9CE X IS A RE/ F "W2 &!
LOV] ( AMUSE;T IS "O (! P :O G 6EXCESS 9
?4
  ,( 9CONT9;E "O K9D IS IMPETUOS;Y1
ANO!R W1K;S4 ,= "S M5 AF DELIB]AT+ FAIL1
[+ 6_! EMO;N1 6/& 0! 3CLU.NS ( _!
DELIB],N1 O!RS 2C !Y H N DELIB]AT$ >E L$
0_! EMO;N2 S9CE "S M5 7J Z P :O F/
TICKLE O!RS >E N TICKL$ !MVS71 IF !Y H
F/ P]CVD & SE5 :AT IS -+ & H F/ R\S$
!MVS & _! CALCULATIVE FACULTY1 >E N
DEF1T$ 0_! EMO;N1 :E!R X 2 PL1SANT OR
PA9;L4 ,X IS KE5 & EXCITA# P T SU6]
ESPECI,Y F ! IMPETU\S =M ( 9CONT9;E2 =!
=M] 0R1SON ( _! QK;S &! LATT] 0R1SON (!
VIOL;E ( _! PAS.NS D N AWAIT ! >GU;T1 2C
!Y >E APT 6FOLL[ _! IMAG9,N4
                   #H
  ,! SELF-9DULG5T MAN1 Z 0 SD1 IS N APT
6REP5T2 = HE /&S 0HIS *OICE2 B 9CONT95T
MAN IS LIKELY 6REP5T4 ,? IS :Y ! POSI;N
IS N Z X 0 EXPRESS$ 9 ! =MUL,N (! PRO#M1
B ! SELF9DULG5T MAN IS 9CURA# &!
9CONT95T MAN CURA#2 = WICK$;S IS L A
41SE S* Z DROPSY OR 3SUMP;N1 :ILE
9CONT9;E IS L EPILEPSY2 ! =M] IS A
P]MAN5T1 ! LATT] AN 9T]MITT5T BAD;S4 ,&
G5],Y 9CONT9;E & VICE >E DI6]5T 9 K9D2
VICE IS UNCONSCI\S ( XF1 9CONT9;E IS N
7( 9CONT95T M5 !MVS1 ^? :O 2COME
TEMPOR>ILY 2S !MVS >E BETT] ?AN ^? :O H
! R,NAL PR9CIPLE B D N ABIDE 0X1 S9CE !
LATT] >E DEF1T$ 0A W1K] PAS.N1 & D N ACT
)\T PREVI\S DELIB],N L ! O!RS72 =!
9CONT95T MAN IS L ! P :O GET DRUNK QKLY
& ON LL W9E1 I4E4 ON LESS ?AN MO/ P4
  ,EVID5TLY1 !N1 9CONT9;E IS N VICE 7?\<
P]H X IS S 9 A QUALIFI$ S5SE72 =
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A3ORD.E ) *OICE2 N B :AT !Y >E SIMIL> 9
RESPECT (! AC;NS !Y L1D TO2 Z 9 ! SAY+ (
,DEMODOCUS AB ! ,MILESIANS1 ,8!
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  ,N[1 S9CE ! 9CONT95T MAN IS APT
6PURSUE1 N ON 3VIC;N1 BODILY PL1SURES T
>E EXCESSIVE & 3TR>Y 6! "R RULE1 :ILE !
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PR9CIPLE1 & 9 AC;NS ! F9AL CAUSE IS ! F/
PR9CIPLE1 Z ! HYPO!SES >E 9 MA!MATICS2
NEI 9 T CASE IS X >GU;T T T1*ES ! F/
PR9CIPLES1 NOR IS X S "H-VIRTUE EI
NATURAL OR PRODUC$ 0HABITU,N IS :AT
T1*ES "R OP9ION AB ! F/ PR9CIPLE4 ,S* A
MAN Z ?1 !N1 IS TEMP]ATE2 8 3TR>Y IS !
SELF-9DULG5T4
  ,B "! IS A SORT ( MAN :O IS C>RI$ AWAY
Z A RESULT ( PAS.N & 3TR>Y 6! "R RULE-A
MAN :OM PAS.N MA/]S S T HE DOES N ACT AC
6! "R RULE1 B DOES N MA/] 6! EXT5T (
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PL1SURES )\T RES]VE2 ? IS ! 9CONT95T
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& N BAD )\T QUALIFIC,N2 =! BE/ ?+ 9 HM1
! F/ PR9CIPLE1 IS PRES]V$4 ,& 3TR>Y 6HM
IS ANO!R K9D ( MAN1 HE :O ABIDES 0HIS
3VIC;NS & IS N C>RI$ AWAY1 AT L1/ Z A
RESULT ( PAS.N4 ,X IS EVID5T F ^!
3SID],NS T ! LATT] IS A GD /ATE &! =M] A
BAD "O4
                   #I
  ,IS ! MAN 3T95T :O ABIDES 0ANY & E
RULE & ANY & E *OICE1 OR ! MAN :O ABIDES
0! "R *OICE1 & IS HE 9CONT95T :O AB&ONS
ANY & E *OICE & ANY & E RULE1 OR HE :O
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"R2 ? IS H[ WE PUT X 2F 9 \R /ATE;T (!
PRO#M4 ,OR IS X 9CID5T,Y ANY & E *OICE B
P] SE ! TRUE RULE &! "R *OICE 0: ! "O
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PURSUES & *OOSES ! LATT]1 B 9CID5T,Y !
=M]4 ,B :5 WE SP1K )\T QUALIFIC,N WE M1N
:AT IS P] SE4 ,"!=E 9 A S5SE ! "O ABIDES
BY1 &! O!R AB&ONS1 ANY & E OP9ION2 B )\T
QUALIFIC,N1 ! TRUE OP9ION4
  ,"! >E "S :O >E APT 6ABIDE 0_! OP9ION1
:O >E CALL$ /R;G-H1D$1 VIZ4 ^? :O >E H>D
6P]SUADE 9 ! F/ 9/.E & >E N EASILY
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MAN1 Z ! PRODIGAL IS 9 A WAY L ! LIB]AL
MAN &! RA% MAN L ! 3FID5T MAN2 B !Y >E
DI6]5T 9 _M RESPECTS4 ,= X IS 6PAS.N &
APPETITE T ! "O W N YIELD1 S9CE ON O3A.N
! 3T95T MAN W 2 EASY 6P]SUADE2 B X IS
6>GU;T T ! O!RS REFUSE 6YIELD1 = !Y D =M
APPETITES & _M ( !M >E L$ 0_! PL1SURES4
,N[ ! P :O >E /R;G-H1D$ >E ! OP9IONAT$1
! IGNORANT1 &! BOORI%-! OP9IONAT$ 2+
9FLU;ED 0PL1SURE & PA92 = !Y DELI<T 9 !
VICTORY !Y GA9 IF !Y >E N P]SUAD$
6*ANGE1 & >E PA9$ IF _! DECI.NS 2COME
NULL & VOID Z DECREES "S"TS D2 S T !Y >E
LIK] ! 9CONT95T ?AN ! 3T95T MAN4
  ,B "! >E "S :O FAIL 6ABIDE 0_!
RESOLU;NS1 N Z A RESULT ( 9CONT9;E1 E4G4
,NEOPTOLEMUS 9 ,SOPHOCLES' ,PHILOCTETES2
YET X 0 =! SAKE ( PL1SURE T HE DID N /&
FA/-B A NO# PL1SURE2 = TELL+ ! TRU? 0
NO# 6HM1 B HE _H BE5 P]SUAD$ 0,ODYSSEUS
6TELL ! LIE4 ,= N E "O :O DOES ANY?+ =!
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OR 9CONT95T1 B HE :O DOES X =A 4GRACE;L
PL1SURE4
  ,S9CE "! IS AL A SORT ( MAN :O TAKES
LESS DELI<T ?AN HE %D 9 BODILY ?+S1 &
DOES N ABIDE 0! RULE1 HE :O IS 9T]M$IATE
2T HM &! 9CONT95T MAN IS ! 3T95T MAN2 =!
9CONT95T MAN FAILS 6ABIDE 0! RULE 2C HE
DELI<TS TOO M* 9 !M1 & ? MAN 2C HE
DELI<TS 9 !M TOO LL2 :ILE ! 3T95T MAN
ABIDES 0! RULE & DOES N *ANGE ON EI
A3.T4 ,N[ IF 3T9;E IS GD1 BO? ! 3TR>Y
/ATES M/ 2 BAD1 Z !Y ACTU,Y APPE> 6BE2 B
2C ! O!R EXTREME IS SE5 9 FEW P &
SELDOM1 Z TEMP].E IS ?"\ 6BE 3TR>Y ONLY
6SELF-9DULG;E1 S IS 3T9;E 69CONT9;E4
  ,S9CE _M "NS >E APPLI$ ANALOGIC,Y1 X
IS 0ANALOGY T WE H -E 6SP1K (! ,83T9;E0'
! TEMP]ATE MAN2 = BO? ! 3T95T MAN &!
TEMP]ATE MAN >E S* Z 6D NO?+ 3TR>Y 6!
RULE =! SAKE (! BODILY PL1SURES1 B ! =M]
HAS &! LATT] HAS N BAD APPETITES1 &!
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RULE1 :ILE ! =M] IS S* Z 6FEEL PL1SURE B
N 6BE L$ 0X4 ,&! 9CONT95T &! SELF-
9DULG5T MAN >E AL L ANO!R2 !Y >E DI6]5T1
B BO? PURSUE BODILY PL1SURES- ! LATT]1
H["E1 AL ?9K+ T HE "\ 6D S1 :ILE ! =M]
DOES N ?9K ?4
                  #AJ
  ,NOR C ! SAME MAN H PRACTICAL WISDOM &
2 9CONT95T2 = X HAS BE5 %[N0' T A MAN IS
AT ! SAME "T PRACTIC,Y WISE1 & GD 9
RESPECT ( "*4 ,FUR!R1 A MAN HAS
PRACTICAL WISDOM N 0"K+ ONLY B 02+ A#
6ACT2 B ! 9CONT95T MAN IS UNA# 6ACT-"!
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9CONT95T2 ? IS :Y X IS "S"TS ACTU,Y ?"\
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! WAY WE H DESCRIB$ 9 \R F/ 4CUS.NS1 &
>E NE> TGR 9 RESPECT ( _! R1SON+1 B DI6]
9 RESPECT ( _! PURPOSE-NOR YET IS !
9CONT95T MAN L ! MAN :O "KS & IS
3TEMPLAT+ A TRU?1 B L ! MAN :O IS ASLEEP
OR DRUNK4 ,& HE ACTS WILL+LY 7= HE ACTS
9 A S5SE ) K BO? ( :AT HE DOES &(! 5D 6:
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IS GD2 S T HE IS HALF-WICK$4 ,& HE IS N
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DOES N ABIDE 0! 3CLU.NS ( 8 DELIB],N1
:ILE ! EXCITA# MAN DOES N DELIB]ATE AT
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PASSES ALL ! "R DECREES & HAS GD LAWS1 B
MAKES NO USE ( !M1 Z 9 ,ANAX&RIDES' JE/+
REM>K1
_THE CITY WILLED IT, THAT CARES _&
 NOUGHT FOR LAWS;
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9 EXCESS (! /ATE "*I/IC ( MO/ M52 =!
3T95T MAN ABIDES 0HIS RESOLU;NS M &!
9CONT95T MAN LESS ?AN MO/ M5 C4
  ,(! =MS ( 9CONT9;E1 T ( EXCITA# P IS M
CURA# ?AN T ( ^? :O DELIB]ATE B D N
ABIDE 0_! DECI.NS1 & ^? :O >E 9CONT95T
"? HABITU,N >E M CURA# ?AN ^? 9 :OM
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HABIT ?AN 6*ANGE "O'S NATURE2 EV5 HABIT
IS H>D 6*ANGE J 2C X IS L NATURE1 Z
,EV5US SAYS3
,I SAY T HABIT'S B A L;G PRACTICE1 FR1
,& ? 2COMES M5'S NATURE 9 ! 5D4
  ,WE H N[ /AT$ :AT 3T9;E1 9CONT9;E1
5DUR.E1 & S(T;S >E1 & H[ ^! /ATES >E
RELAT$ 6EA* O!R4
                  #AA
  ,! /UDY ( PL1SURE & PA9 2L;GS 6!
PROV9CE (! POLITICAL PHILOSOPH]2 = HE IS
! >*ITECT (! 5D1 )A VIEW 6: WE CALL "O
?+ BAD & ANO!R GD )\T QUALIFIC,N4
,FUR!R1 X IS "O ( \R NEC TASKS 63SID]
!M2 = N ONLY DID WE LAY X D[N T MORAL
VIRTUE & VICE >E 3C]N$ ) PA9S &
PL1SURES1 B MO/ P SAY T HAPPI;S 9VOLVES
PL1SURE2 ? IS :Y ! B.S$ MAN IS CALL$ 0A
"N DERIV$ F A ^W M1N+ 5JOY;T4
  ,N[ 7#A7 "S P ?9K T NO PL1SURE IS A
GD1 EI 9 XF OR 9CID5T,Y1 S9CE ! GD &
PL1SURE >E N ! SAME2 7#B7 O!RS ?9K T "S
PL1SURES >E GD B T MO/ >E BAD4 7#C7 ,AG
"! IS A ?IRD VIEW1 T EV5 IF ALL PL1SURES
>E GD1 YET ! BE/ ?+ 9 ! _W _C 2 PL1SURE4
7#A7 ,! R1SONS GIV5 =! VIEW T PL1SURE IS
N A GD AT ALL >E 7A7 T E PL1SURE IS A
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PROCESS ( BUILD+ (! SAME K9D Z A H\SE4
7B7 ,A TEMP]ATE MAN AVOIDS PL1SURES4 7C7
,A MAN ( PRACTICAL WISDOM PURSUES :AT IS
FREE F PA91 N :AT IS PL1SANT4 7D7 ,!
PL1SURES >E A H9DR.E 6?"\1 &! M S ! M "O
DELI<TS 9 !M1 E4G4 9 SEXUAL PL1SURE2 =
NO "O CD ?9K ( ANY?+ :ILE ABSORB$ 9 ?4
7E7 ,"! IS NO >T ( PL1SURE2 B E GD IS !
PRODUCT ( "S >T4 7F7 ,*N &! BRUTES
PURSUE PL1SURES4 7#B7 ,! R1SONS =! VIEW
T N ALL PL1SURES >E GD >E T 7A7 "! >E
PL1SURES T >E ACTU,Y BASE & OBJECTS (
REPROA*1 & 7B7 "! >E H>M;L PL1SURES2 =
"S PL1SANT ?+S >E UNH1L?Y4 7#C7 ,! R1SON
=! VIEW T ! BE/ ?+ 9 ! _W IS N PL1SURE
IS T PL1SURE IS N AN 5D B A PROCESS4
                  #AB
  ,^! >E PRETTY M* ! ?+S T >E SD4 ,T X
DOES N FOLL[ F ^! GR.DS T PL1SURE IS N A
GD1 OR EV5 ! *IEF GD1 IS PLA9 F ! FOLL[+
3SID],NS4 7,A7 7A7 ,F/1 S9CE T : IS GD
MAY 2 S 9 EI ( TWO S5SES 7"O ?+ GD
SIMPLY & ANO!R GD =A "PICUL> P]SON71
NATURAL 3/ITU;NS & /ATES ( 2+1 & "!=E AL
! CORRESPOND+ MOVE;TS & PROCESSES1 W 2
CORRESPOND+LY DIVISI#4 ,( ^? : >E ?"\
6BE BAD "S W 2 BAD IF TAK5 )\T
QUALIFIC,N B N BAD =A "PICUL> P]SON1 B
WOR?Y ( 8 *OICE1 & "S W N 2 WOR?Y (
*OICE EV5 =A "PICUL> P]SON1 B ONLY AT A
"PICUL> "T &=A %ORT P]IOD1 ?\< N )\T
QUALIFIC,N2 :ILE O!RS >E N EV5 PL1SURES1
B SEEM 6BE S1 VIZ4 ALL ^? : 9VOLVE PA9 &
^: 5D IS CURATIVE1 E4G4 ! PROCESSES T G
ON 9 SICK P]SONS4
7B7 ,FUR!R1 "O K9D ( GD 2+ ACTIV;Y &
    ANO!R 2+ /ATE1 ! PROCESSES T RE/ORE
    U 6\R NATURAL /ATE >E ONLY 9CID5T,Y
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    ! APPETITES = !M IS ! ACTIV;Y ( S M*
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    9VOLVE NO PA9 OR APPETITE 7E4G4 ^? (
    3TEMPL,N71 ! NATURE 9 S* A CASE N 2+
    DEFECTIVE AT ALL4 ,T ! O!RS >E
    9CID5TAL IS 9DICAT$ 0! FACT T M5 D N
    5JOY ! SAME PL1SANT OBJECTS :5 _!
    NATURE IS 9 XS SETTL$ /ATE Z !Y D :5
    X IS 2+ REPL5I%$1 B 9 ! =M] CASE !Y
    5JOY ! ?+S T >E PL1SANT )\T
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    OR )\T QUALIFIC,N2 = Z PL1SANT ?+S
    DI6]1 S D ! PL1SURES >IS+ F !M4
7C7 ,AG1 X IS N NEC T "! %D 2 "S?+ ELSE
    BETT] ?AN PL1SURE1 Z "S SAY ! 5D IS
    BETT] ?AN ! PROCESS2 = L1SURES >E N
    PROCESSES NOR D !Y ALL 9VOLVE
    PROCESS-!Y >E ACTIVITIES & 5DS2 NOR
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    WE >E EX]CIS+ "S FACULTY2 & N ALL
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    ONLY ! PL1SURES ( P]SONS :O >E 2+ L$
    6! P]FECT+ ( _! NATURE4 ,? IS :Y X
    IS N "R 6SAY T PL1SURE IS P]CEPTI#
    PROCESS1 B X %D R 2 CALL$ ACTIV;Y (!
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7,B7 ,! VIEW T PL1SURES >E BAD 2C "S
    PL1SANT ?+S >E UNH1L?Y IS L SAY+ T
    H1L?Y ?+S >E BAD 2C "S H1L?Y ?+S >E
    BAD = M"OY-MAK+2 BO? >E BAD 9 !
    RESPECT M5;N$1 B !Y >E N BAD = T
    R1SON-9DE$1 ?9K+ XF IS "S"TS 9JURI\S
    6H1L?4
  ,NEI PRACTICAL WISDOM NOR ANY /ATE (
    2+ IS IMP$$ 0! PL1SURE >IS+ F X2 X
    IS =EIGN PL1SURES T IMP$E1 =!
    PL1SURES >IS+ F ?9K+ & LE>N+ W MAKE
    U ?9K & LE>N ALL ! M4
7,C7 ,! FACT T NO PL1SURE IS ! PRODUCT (
    ANY >T >ISES NATUR,Y 5\<2 "! IS NO
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    CORRESPOND+ FACULTY2 ?\< = T MATT] !
    >TS (! P]FUM] &! COOK >E ?"\ 6BE >TS
    ( PL1SURE4
7,D7 ,! >GU;TS BAS$ ON ! GR.DS T !
    TEMP]ATE MAN AVOIDS PL1SURE & T !
    MAN ( PRACTICAL WISDOM PURSUES !
    PA9.S LIFE1 & T *N &! BRUTES PURSUE
    PL1SURE1 >E ALL REFUT$ 0! SAME
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    PL1SURES >E GD )\T QUALIFIC,N & 9
    :AT S5SE "S >E N GD2 N[ BO? ! BRUTES
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    7&! MAN ( PRACTICAL WISDOM PURSUES
    TRANQUIL FREEDOM F T K9D71 VIZ4 ^? :
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    &! EXCESSES ( !M1 9 RESPECT ( : !
    SELF-9DULG5T MAN IS SELF-9DUL5T4 ,?
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    [N4
                  #AC
  ,B FUR!R 7,E7 X IS AGRE$ T PA9 IS BAD
& 6BE AVOID$2 = "S PA9 IS )\T QUALIFIC,N
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RESPECT AN IMP$I;T 6U4 ,N[ ! 3TR>Y ( T :
IS 6BE AVOID$1 QUA "S?+ 6BE AVOID$ &
BAD1 IS GD4 ,PL1SURE1 !N1 IS NECESS>ILY
A GD4 ,=! ANSW] ( ,SPEUSIPPUS1 T PL1SURE
IS 3TR>Y BO? 6PA9 & 6GD1 Z ! GRT] IS
3TR>Y BO? 6! LESS & 6! EQUAL1 IS N
SU3ESS;L2 S9CE HE WD N SAY T PL1SURE IS
ESS5TI,Y J A SPECIES ( EVIL4
  ,& 7,F7 IF C]TA9 PL1SURES >E BAD1 T
DOES N PREV5T ! *IEF GD F 2+ "S PL1SURE1
J Z ! *IEF GD MAY 2 "S =M ( K ?\< C]TA9
K9DS ( K >E BAD4 ,P]H X IS EV5 NEC1 IF
EA* 4POSI;N HAS UNIMP$$ ACTIVITIES1 T1
:E!R ! ACTIV;Y 7IF UNIMP$$7 ( ALL \R
4POSI;NS OR T ( "S "O ( !M IS HAPPI;S1 ?
%D 2 ! ?+ MO/ WOR?Y ( \R *OICE2 & ?
ACTIV;Y IS PL1SURE4 ,?US ! *IEF GD WD 2
"S PL1SURE1 ?\< MO/ PL1SURES MI<T P]H 2
BAD )\T QUALIFIC,N4 ,&= ? R1SON ALL M5
?9K T ! HAPPY LIFE IS PL1SANT & W1VE
PL1SURE 96_! ID1L ( HAPPI;S-& R1SONABLY
TOO2 = NO ACTIV;Y IS P]FECT :5 X IS
IMP$$1 & HAPPI;S IS A P]FECT ?+2 ? IS :Y
! HAPPY MAN NE$S ! GDS (! BODY & EXT]NAL
GDS1 I4E4 ^? ( =TUNE1 VIZ4 9 ORD] T HE
MAY N 2 IMP$$ 9 ^! WAYS4 ,^? :O SAY T !
VICTIM ON ! RACK OR ! MAN :O FALLS 96GRT
MIS=TUNES IS HAPPY IF HE IS GD1 >E1 :E!R
!Y M1N 6OR N1 TALK+ NONS5SE4 ,N[ 2C WE
NE$ =TUNE Z WELL Z O!R ?+S1 "S P ?9K GD
=TUNE ! SAME ?+ Z HAPPI;S2 B X IS N T1 =
EV5 GD =TUNE XF :5 9 EXCESS IS AN
IMP$I;T1 & P]H %D !N 2 NO L;G] CALL$ GD
=TUNE2 = XS LIMIT IS FIX$ 0REF];E
6HAPPI;S4
  ,& 9DE$ ! FACT T ALL ?+S1 BO? BRUTES &
M51 PURSUE PL1SURE IS AN 9DIC,N ( XS 2+
"SH[ ! *IEF GD3
  ,NO VOICE IS :OLLY LO/ T _M PEOPLES
'''
  ,B S9CE NO "O NATURE OR /ATE EI IS OR
IS ?"\ ! BE/ = ALL1 NEI D ALL PURSUE !
SAME PL1SURE2 YET ALL PURSUE PL1SURE4 ,&
P]H !Y ACTU,Y PURSUE N ! PL1SURE !Y ?9K
!Y PURSUE NOR T : !Y WD SAY !Y PURSUE1 B
! SAME PL1SURE2 = ALL ?+S H 0NATURE "S?+
DIV9E 9 !M4 ,B ! BODILY PL1SURES H
APPROPRIAT$ ! "N BO? 2C WE (T5E/ /E] \R
C\RSE = !M & 2C ALL M5 %>E 9 !M2 ?US 2C
!Y AL"O >E FAMILI>1 M5 ?9K "! >E NO
O!RS4
  ,X IS EVID5T AL T IF PL1SURE1 I4E4 !
ACTIV;Y ( \R FACULTIES1 IS N A GD1 X W N
2 ! CASE T ! HAPPY MAN LIVES A PL1SANT
LIFE2 = 6:AT 5D %D HE NE$ PL1SURE1 IF X
IS N A GD B ! HAPPY MAN MAY EV5 LIVE A
PA9;L LIFE8 ,= PA9 IS NEI AN EVIL NOR A
GD1 IF PL1SURE IS N2 :Y !N %D HE AVOID
X8 ,"!=E1 TOO1 ! LIFE (! GD MAN W N 2
PL1SANT] ?AN T ( ANY "O ELSE1 IF 8
ACTIVITIES >E N M PL1SANT4

                  #AD
  7,G7 ,) REG>D 6! BODILY PL1SURES1 ^?
:O SAY T "S PL1SURES >E V M* 6BE *OS51
VIZ4 ! NO# PL1SURES1 B N ! BODILY
PL1SURES1 I4E4 ^? ) : ! SELF-9DULG5T MAN
IS 3C]N$1 M/ 3SID] :Y1 !N1 ! 3TR>Y PA9S
>E BAD4 ,=! 3TR>Y ( BAD IS GD4 ,>E ! NEC
PL1SURES GD 9 ! S5SE 9 : EV5 T : IS N
BAD IS GD8 ,OR >E !Y GD UP 6A PO9T8 ,IS
X T ": Y H /ATES & PROCESSES ( : "! _C 2
TOO M*1 "! _C 2 TOO M* (! CORRESPOND+
PL1SURE1 & T ": "! C 2 TOO M* (! "O "! C
2 TOO M* (! O!R AL8 ,N[ "! C 2 TOO M* (
BODILY GDS1 &! BAD MAN IS BAD 0VIRTUE (
PURSU+ ! EXCESS1 N 0VIRTUE ( PURSU+ !
NEC PL1SURES 7= ALL M5 5JOY 9 "S WAY OR
O!R BO? DA9TY FOODS & W9ES & SEXUAL
9T]C\RSE1 B N ALL M5 D S Z !Y "\74 ,!
3TR>Y IS ! CASE ) PA92 = HE DOES N AVOID
! EXCESS ( X1 HE AVOIDS X ALT2 & ? IS
PECULI> 6HM1 =! ALT]NATIVE 6EXCESS (
PL1SURE IS N PA91 EXCEPT 6! MAN :O
PURSUES ? EXCESS4
  ,S9CE WE %D /ATE N ONLY ! TRU?1 B AL !
CAUSE ( ]ROR-= ? 3TRIBUTES T[>DS PRODUC+
3VIC;N1 S9CE :5 A R1SONA# EXPLAN,N IS
GIV5 ( :Y ! FALSE VIEW APPE>S TRUE1 ?
T5DS 6PRODUCE 2LIEF 9 ! TRUE VIEW-"!=E
WE M/ /ATE :Y ! BODILY PL1SURES APPE> !
M WOR?Y ( *OICE4 7A7 ,F/LY1 !N1 X IS 2C
!Y EXPEL PA92 [+ 6! EXCESSES ( PA9 T M5
EXP]I;E1 !Y PURSUE EXCESSIVE & 9 G5]AL
BODILY PL1SURE Z 2+ A CURE =! PA94 ,N[
CURATIVE AG5CIES PRODUCE 9T5SE FEEL+-:
IS ! R1SON :Y !Y >E PURSU$-2C !Y %[ UP
AG/ ! 3TR>Y PA94 7,9DE$ PL1SURE IS ?"\ N
6BE GD = ^! TWO R1SONS1 Z HAS BE5 SD1
VIZ4 T 7A7 "S ( !M >E ACTIVITIES 2L;G+
6A BAD NATURE-EI 3G5ITAL1 Z 9 ! CASE (A
BRUTE1 OR DUE 6HABIT1 I4E4 ^? ( BAD M52
:ILE 7B7 O!RS >E M1NT 6CURE A DEFECTIVE
NATURE1 & X IS BETT] 6BE 9 A H1L?Y /ATE
?AN 6BE GETT+ 96X1 B ^! >ISE DUR+ !
PROCESS ( 2+ MADE P]FECT & >E "!=E ONLY
9CID5T,Y GD47 7B7 ,FUR!R1 !Y >E PURSU$
2C ( _! VIOL;E 0^? :O _C 5JOY O!R
PL1SURES4 7,AT ALL EV5TS !Y G \ ( _! WAY
6MANUFACTURE ?IR/S "SH[ = !MVS4 ,:5 ^!
>E H>M.S1 ! PRACTICE IS IRREPROA*A#2 :5
!Y >E HURT;L1 X IS BAD47 ,= !Y H NO?+
ELSE 65JOY1 &1 2SS1 A NEUTRAL /ATE IS
PA9;L 6_M P 2C ( _! NATURE4 ,=! ANIMAL
NATURE IS ALW 9 TRAVAIL1 Z ! /UD5TS (
NATURAL SCI;E AL TE/IFY1 SAY+ T SI<T &
HE>+ >E PA9;L2 B WE H 2COME US$ 6?1 Z !Y
MA9TA94 ,SIMIL>LY1 :ILE1 9 Y\?1 P >E1 [+
6! GR[? T IS GO+ ON1 9 A SITU,N L T (
DRUNK5 M51 & Y\? IS PL1SANT1 ON ! O!R H&
P ( EXCITA# NATURE ALW NE$ RELIEF2 = EV5
_! BODY IS "E 9 TOR;T [+ 6XS SPECIAL
-POSI;N1 & !Y >E ALW "U ! 9FLU;E (
VIOL5T DESIRE2 B PA9 IS DRIV5 \ BO? 0!
3TR>Y PL1SURE1 & 0ANY *.E PL1SURE IF X 2
/R;G2 &= ^! R1SONS !Y 2COME SELF-9DULG5T
& BAD4 ,B ! PL1SURES T D N 9VOLVE PA9S D
N ADMIT ( EXCESS2 & ^! >E AM;G ! ?+S
PL1SANT 0NATURE & N 9CID5T,Y4 ,0?+S
PL1SANT 9CID5T,Y ,I M1N ^? T ACT Z CURES
7= 2C Z A RESULT P >E CUR$1 "? "S AC;N (
! "P T REMA9S H1L?Y1 = ? R1SON ! PROCESS
IS ?"\ PL1SANT72 0?+S NATUR,Y PL1SANT ,I
M1N ^? T /IMULATE ! AC;N (! H1L?Y
NATURE4
  ,"! IS NO "O ?+ T IS ALW PL1SANT1 2C
\R NATURE IS N SIMPLE B "! IS ANO!R
ELE;T 9 U Z WELL1 9ASM* Z WE >E P]I%A#
CR1TURES1 S T IF ! "O ELE;T DOES "S?+1 ?
IS UNNATURAL 6! O!R NATURE1 & :5 ! TWO
ELE;TS >E EV5LY BAL.ED1 :AT IS D"O SEEMS
NEI PA9;L NOR PL1SANT2 = IF ! NATURE (
ANY?+ 7 SIMPLE1 ! SAME AC;N WD ALW 2 MO/
PL1SANT 6X4 ,? IS :Y ,GOD ALW 5JOYS A
S+LE & SIMPLE PL1SURE2 = "! IS N ONLY AN
ACTIV;Y ( MOVE;T B AN ACTIV;Y (
IMMOBIL;Y1 & PL1SURE IS F.D M 9 RE/ ?AN
9 MOVE;T4 ,B ,8*ANGE 9 ALL ?+S IS
SWEET0'1 Z ! POET SAYS1 2C ( "S VICE2 =
Z X IS ! VICI\S MAN T IS *ANGEA#1 S !
NATURE T NE$S *ANGE IS VICI\S2 = X IS N
SIMPLE NOR GD4
  ,WE H N[ 4CUSS$ 3T9;E & 9CONT9;E1 &
PL1SURE & PA91 BO? :AT EA* IS & 9 :AT
S5SE "S ( !M >E GD & O!RS BAD2 X REMA9S
6SP1K ( FR%IP4


