               ,BOOK ,,II
                   #A

  ,! NATURE &! NUMB] (! "PS ( : ANIMALS
>E S"E,Y -POS$ >E MATT]S : H ALR BE5 SET
=? 9 DETAIL 9 ! BOOK ( ,RESE>*ES AB
,ANIMALS4 ,WE H N[ 69QUIRE :AT >E !
CAUSES T 9 EA* CASE H DET]M9$ ? -POSI;N1
A SUBJECT Q 4T9CT F T D1LT ) 9 !
,RESE>*ES4
  ,N[ "! >E ?REE DEGREES ( -POSI;N2 &(
^! ! F/ 9 ORD]1 Z ALL W ALL[1 IS -POSI;N
\ ( :AT "S CALL ! ELE;TS1 S* Z E>?1 AIR1
WAT]1 FIRE4 ,P]H1 H["E1 X WD 2 M A3URATE
6SAY -POSI;N \ (! ELE;T>Y =CES2 NOR 9DE$
\ ( ALL ( ^!1 B \ (A LIMIT$ NUMB] ( !M1
Z DEF9$ 9 PREVI\S TR1TISES4 ,= FLUID &
SOLID1 HOT & COLD1 =M ! MAT]IAL ( ALL
-POSITE BODIES2 & ALL O!R DI6];ES >E
SECOND>Y 6^!1 S* DI6];ES1 T IS1 Z H1VI;S
OR LI<T;S1 D5S;Y OR R>;Y1 R\<;S OR
SMOO?;S1 & ANY O!R S* PROP]TIES ( MATT]
Z "! MAY BE4 SECOND DEGREE ( -POSI;N IS
T 0: ! HOMOG5E\S "PS ( ANIMALS1 S* Z
B"O1 FLE%1 &! L1 >E 3/ITUT$ \ (! PRIM>Y
SUB/.ES4 ,! ?IRD & LA/ /AGE IS ! -POSI;N
: =MS ! HET]OG5E\S "PS1 S* Z FACE1 H&1 &
! RE/4
  ,N[ ! ORD] ( ACTUAL DEVELOP;T &! ORD]
( LOGICAL EXI/;E >E ALW ! 9V]SE ( EA*
O!R4 ,= T : IS PO/]IOR 9 ! ORD] (
DEVELOP;T IS ANTEC$5T 9 ! ORD] ( NATURE1
& T IS G5ETIC,Y LA/ : 9 NATURE IS F/4
  7,T ? IS S IS MANIFE/ 09DUC;N2 =A H\SE
DOES N EXI/ =! SAKE ( BRICKS & /"OS1 B
^! MAT]IALS =! SAKE (! H\SE2 &! SAME IS
! CASE )! MAT]IALS ( O!R BODIES4 ,NOR IS
9DUC;N REQUIR$ 6%[ ?4 X IS 9CLUD$ 9 \R
3CEP;N ( G5],N4 ,= G5],N IS A PROCESS F
A "S?+ 6A "S?+2 T : IS G5]AT$ HAV+ A
CAUSE 9 : X ORIG9ATES &A CAUSE 9 : X
5DS4 ,! ORIG9AT+ CAUSE IS ! PRIM>Y
E6ICI5T CAUSE1 : IS "S?+ ALR 5D[$ )
TANGI# EXI/;E1 :ILE ! F9AL CAUSE IS "S
DEF9ITE =M OR SIMIL> 5D2 = MAN G5]ATES
MAN1 & PLANT G5]ATES PLANT1 9 EA* CASE \
(! "ULY+ MAT]IAL47
  ,9 ORD] ( "T1 !N1 ! MAT]IAL &!
G5]ATIVE PROCESS M/ NECESS>ILY 2 ANT]IOR
6! 2+ T IS G5]AT$2 B 9 LOGICAL ORD] !
DEF9ITIVE "* & =M ( EA* 2+ PREC$ES !
MAT]IAL4 ,? IS EVID5T IF "O ONLY TRIES
6DEF9E ! PROCESS ( =M,N4 ,=! DEF9I;N (
H\SE-BUILD+ 9CLUDES & PRESUPPOSES T (!
H\SE2 B ! DEF9I;N (! H\SE DOES N 9CLUDE
NOR PRESUPPOSE T ( H\SE-BUILD+2 &! SAME
IS TRUE ( ALL O!R PRODUC;NS4 ,S T X M/
NECESS>ILY 2 T ! ELE;T>Y MAT]IAL EXI/S =
! SAKE (! HOMOG5E\S "PS1 SEE+ T ^! >E
G5ETIC,Y PO/]IOR 6X1 J Z ! HET]OG5E\S
"PS >E PO/]IOR G5ETIC,Y 6!M4 ,= ^!
HET]OG5E\S "PS H R1*$ ! 5D & GOAL1 HAV+
! ?IRD DEGREE ( -POSI;N1 9 : DEGREE
G5],N OR DEVELOP;T (T5 ATTA9S XS F9AL
T]M4
  ,ANIMALS1 !N1 >E -POS$ ( HOMOG5E\S
"PS1 & >E AL -POS$ ( HET]OG5E\S "PS4 ,!
=M]1 H["E1 EXI/ =! SAKE (! LATT]4 ,=!
ACTIVE FUNC;NS & OP],NS (! BODY >E C>RI$
ON 0^!2 T IS1 0! HET]OG5E\S "PS1 S* Z !
EYE1 ! NO/RIL1 ! :OLE FACE1 ! F+]S1 !
H&1 &! :OLE >M4 ,B 9ASM* Z "! IS A GRT
V>IETY 9 ! FUNC;NS & MO;NS N ONLY (
A7REGATE ANIMALS B AL (! 9DIVIDUAL
ORGANS1 X IS NEC T ! SUB/.ES \ ( : ^! >E
-POS$ % PRES5T A DIV]S;Y ( PROP]TIES4 ,=
"S PURPOSES S(T;S IS ADVANTAGE\S1 = O!RS
H>D;S2 "S "PS M/ 2 CAPA# ( EXT5.N1 O!RS
( FLEXION4 ,S* PROP]TIES1 !N1 >E
4TRIBUT$ SEP>ATELY 6! DI6]5T HOMOG5E\S
"PS1 "O 2+ S(T ANO!R H>D1 "O FLUID ANO!R
SOLID1 "O VISC\S ANO!R BRITTLE2 ":AS EA*
(! HET]OG5E\S "PS PRES5TS A -B9,N (
MULTIF>I\S PROP]TIES4 ,=! H&1 6TAKE AN
EXAMPLE1 REQUIRES "O PROP]TY 65A# X
6E6ECT PRESSURE1 & ANO!R & DI6]5T
PROP]TY = SIMPLE PREH5.N4 ,= ? R1SON !
ACTIVE OR EXECUTIVE "PS (! BODY >E -P.D$
\ ( B"OS1 S9EWS1 FLE%1 &! L1 B N ^!
LATT] \ (! =M]4
  ,S F>1 !N1 Z HAS YET BE5 /AT$1 !
REL,NS 2T ^! TWO ORD]S ( "PS >E DET]M9$
0A F9AL CAUSE4 ,WE H1 H["E1 69QUIRE :E!R
NECESS;Y MAY N AL H A %>E 9 ! MATT]2 & X
M/ 2 ADMITT$ T ^! MUTUAL REL,NS CD N F !
V 2G9N+ H POSSIBLY BE5 O!R ?AN !Y >E4 ,=
HET]OG5E\S "PS C 2 MADE UP \ ( HOMOG5E\S
"PS1 EI F A PLURAL;Y ( !M1 OR F A S+LE
"O1 Z IS ! CASE ) "S (! VISC]A :1 V>Y+ 9
3FIGUR,N1 >E YET1 6SP1K BROADLY1 =M$ F A
S+LE HOMOG5E\S SUB/.E2 B T HOMOG5E\S
SUB/.ES %D 2 =M$ \ (A -B9,N ( HET]OG5E\S
"PS IS CLE>LY AN IMPOSSIBIL;Y4 ,= ^!
CAUSES1 !N1 "S "PS ( ANIMALS >E SIMPLE &
HOMOG5E\S1 :ILE O!RS >E -POSITE &
HET]OG5E\S2 & DIVID+ ! "PS 96! ACTIVE OR
EXECUTIVE &! S5SITIVE1 EA* "O (! =M] IS1
Z 2F SD1 HET]OG5E\S1 & EA* "O (! LATT]
HOMOG5E\S4 ,= X IS 9 HOMOG5E\S "PS AL"O
T S5S,N C O3UR1 Z ! FOLL[+ 3SID],NS %[4
  ,EA* S5SE IS 3F9$ 6A S+LE ORD] (
S5SI#S1 & XS ORGAN M/ 2 S* Z 6ADMIT !
AC;N ( T K9D OR ORD]4 ,B X IS ONLY T :
IS 5D[$ )A PROP]TY 9 POSSE T IS ACT$ ON
0T : HAS ! L PROP]TY 9 ESSE1 S T ! TWO
>E ! SAME 9 K9D1 & IF ! LATT] IS S+LE S
AL IS ! =M]4 ,?US X IS T :ILE NO
PHYSIOLOGI/S "E DR1M ( SAY+ (! H& OR
FACE OR O!R S* "P T "O IS E>?1 ANO!R
WAT]1 ANO!R FIRE1 !Y C\PLE EA* SEP>ATE
S5SE-ORGAN )A SEP>ATE ELE;T1 ASS]T+ ? "O
6BE AIR & T O!R 6BE FIRE4
  ,S5S,N1 !N1 IS 3F9$ 6! SIMPLE OR
HOMOG5E\S "PS4 ,B1 Z MI<T R1SONABLY 2
EXPECT$1 ! ORGAN ( T\*1 ?\< / HOMOG5E\S1
IS YET ! L1/ SIMPLE ( ALL ! S5SE-ORGANS4
,= T\* M ?AN ANY O!R S5SE APPE>S 6BE
CORRELAT$ 6S"EAL 4T9CT K9DS ( OBJECTS1 &
6RECOGNIZE M ?AN "O CATEGORY ( 3TRA/S1
H1T & COLD1 = 9/.E1 SOLID;Y & FLUID;Y1 &
O!R SIMIL> OPPOSI;NS4 ,ACLY1 ! ORGAN :
D1LS ) ^! V>I$ OBJECTS IS ( ALL ! S5SE-
ORGANS ! MO/ CORPOR1L1 2+ EI ! FLE%1 OR
! SUB/.E : 9 "S ANIMALS TAKES ! PLACE (
FLE%4
  ,N[ Z "! _C POSSIBLY 2 AN ANIMAL )\T
S5S,N1 X FOLL[S Z A NEC 3SEQU;E T E
ANIMAL M/ H "S HOMOG5E\S "PS2 = ^! AL"O
>E CAPA# ( S5S,N1 ! HET]OG5E\S "PS S]V+
=! ACTIVE FUNC;NS4 ,AG1 Z ! S5SORY
FACULTY1 ! MOTOR FACULTY1 &! NUTRITIVE
FACULTY >E ALL LODG$ 9 "O &! SAME "P (!
BODY1 Z 0 /AT$ 9 A =M] TR1TISE1 X IS NEC
T ! "P : IS ! PRIM>Y S1T ( ^! PR9CIPLES
% ON ! "O H&1 9 XS "* ( G5]AL S5SORY
RECIPI5T1 2 "O (! SIMPLE "PS2 & ON ! O!R
H& %1 9 XS MOTOR & ACTIVE "*1 2 "O (!
HET]OG5E\S "PS4 ,= ? R1SON X IS ! HE>T :
9 SANGU9E\S ANIMALS 3/ITUTES ? C5TRAL
"P1 & 9 BLOOD.S ANIMALS X IS T : TAKES !
PLACE (A HE>T4 ,=! HE>T1 L ! O!R VISC]A1
IS "O (! HOMOG5E\S "PS2 =1 IF CUT UP1 XS
PIECES >E HOMOG5E\S 9 SUB/.E ) EA* O!R4
,B X IS AT ! SAME "T HET]OG5E\S 9 VIRTUE
( XS DEF9ITE 3FIGUR,N4 ,&! SAME IS TRUE
(! O!R S-CALL$ VISC]A1 : >E 9DE$ =M$ F !
SAME MAT]IAL Z ! HE>T4 ,= ALL ^! VISC]A
H A SANGU9E\S "* [+ 6_! 2+ SITUAT$ ^U
VASCUL> DUCTS & BRAN*ES4 ,= J Z A /R1M (
WAT] DEPOSITS MUD1 S ! V>I\S VISC]A1 !
HE>T EXCEPT$1 >E1 Z X W]E1 DEPOSITS F !
/R1M ( BLOOD 9 ! VESSELS4 ,& Z 6! HE>T1
! V />T+-PO9T (! VESSELS1 &! ACTUAL S1T
(! =CE 0: ! BLOOD IS F/ FABRICAT$1 X IS
B :AT "O WD NATUR,Y EXPECT1 T \ (!
SELFSAME NUTRI;T ( : X IS ! RECIPI5T XS
[N PROP] SUB/.E % 2 =M$4 ,S*1 !N1 >E !
R1SONS :Y ! VISC]A >E ( SANGU9E\S
ASPECT2 & :Y 9 "O PO9T ( VIEW !Y >E
HOMOG5E\S1 9 ANO!R HET]OG5E\S4

                   #B

  ,(! HOMOG5E\S "PS ( ANIMALS1 "S >E S(T
& FLUID1 O!RS H>D & SOLID2 &(! =M] "S >E
FLUID P]MAN5TLY1 O!RS ONLY S L;G Z !Y >E
9 ! LIV+ BODY4 ,S* >E BLOOD1 S]UM1 L>D1
SUET1 M>R[1 SEM51 BILE1 MILK :5 PRES5T1
FLE%1 & _! V>I\S ANALOGUES4 ,=! "PS
ENUM]AT$ >E N 6BE F.D 9 ALL ANIMALS1 "S
ANIMALS ONLY HAV+ "PS ANALOG\S 6!M4 ,(!
H>D & SOLID HOMOG5E\S "PS B"O1 FI%-SP9E1
S9EW1 BLOOD-VESSEL1 >E EXAMPLES4 ,! LA/
( ^! PO9TS 6A SUB-DIVI.N T MAY 2 MADE 9
! CLASS ( HOMOG5E\S "PS4 ,= 9 "S ( !M !
:OLE &A POR;N (! :OLE 9 "O S5SE >E
DESIGNAT$ 0! SAME T]M-Z1 = EXAMPLE1 IS !
CASE ) BLOOD-VESSEL & BIT ( BLOOD-
VESSEL-:ILE 9 ANO!R S5SE !Y >E N2 B A
POR;N (A HET]OG5E\S "P1 S* Z FACE1 9 NO
S5SE HAS ! SAME DESIGN,N Z ! :OLE4
  ,! F/ "Q 6BE ASK$ IS :AT >E ! CAUSES
6: ^! HOMOG5E\S "PS [E _! EXI/;E8 ,!
CAUSES >E V>I\S2 & ? :E!R ! "PS 2 SOLID
OR FLUID4 ,?US "O SET ( HOMOG5E\S "PS
REPRES5T ! MAT]IAL \ ( : ! HET]OG5E\S
"PS >E =M$2 = EA* SEP>ATE ORGAN IS
3/RUCT$ ( B"OS1 S9EWS1 FLE%1 &! L2 : >E
EI ESS5TIAL ELE;TS 9 XS =M,N1 OR
3TRIBUTE 6! PROP] 4*>GE ( XS FUNC;N4 ,A
SECOND SET >E ! NUTRI;T (! F/1 & >E
9V>IABLY FLUID1 = ALL GR[? O3URS AT !
EXP5SE ( FLUID MATT]2 :ILE A ?IRD SET >E
! RESIDUE (! SECOND4 ,S*1 = 9/.E1 >E !
FAECES &1 9 ANIMALS T H A BLA4]1 ! UR9E2
! =M] 2+ ! DREGS (! SOLID NUTRI;T1 !
LATT] (! FLUID4
  ,EV5 ! 9DIVIDUAL HOMOG5E\S "PS PRES5T
V>I,NS1 : >E 9T5D$ 9 EA* CASE 6R5D] !M M
S]VICEA# = _! PURPOSE4 ,! V>I,NS (!
BLOOD MAY 2 SELECT$ 6ILLU/RATE ?4 ,=
DI6]5T BLOODS DI6] 9 _! DEGREES ( ?9;S
OR ?ICK;S1 ( CLE>;S OR TURBID;Y1 (
COLD;S OR H1T2 & ? :E!R WE -P>E ! BLOODS
F DI6]5T "PS (! SAME 9DIVIDUAL OR !
BLOODS ( DI6]5T ANIMALS4 ,=1 9 !
9DIVIDUAL1 ALL ! DI6];ES J ENUM]AT$
4T+UI% ! BLOOD (! UPP] &(! L[] HALVES (!
BODY2 &1 D1L+ ) CLASSES1 "O SEC;N (
ANIMALS IS SANGU9E\S1 :ILE ! O!R HAS NO
BLOOD1 B ONLY "S?+ RESEMBL+ X 9 XS
PLACE4 ,Z REG>DS ! RESULTS ( S* DI6];ES1
! ?ICK] &! HOTT] BLOOD IS1 ! M 3DUCIVE
IS X 6/R5G?1 :ILE 9 PROPOR;N 6XS ?9;S &
XS COLD;S IS XS SUITABIL;Y = S5S,N &
9TELLIG;E4 ,A L 4T9C;N EXI/S AL 9 !
FLUID : IS ANALOG\S 6BLOOD4 ,? EXPLA9S
H[ X IS T BEES & O!R SIMIL> CR1TURES >E
(A M 9TELLIG5T NATURE ?AN _M SANGU9E\S
ANIMALS2 & T1 ( SANGU9E\S ANIMALS1 ^? >E
! MO/ 9TELLIG5T ^: BLOOD IS ?9 & COLD4
,NO#/ ( ALL >E ^? ^: BLOOD IS HOT1 & AT
! SAME "T ?9 & CLE>4 ,= S* >E SUIT$
ALIKE =! DEVELOP;T ( C\RAGE &(
9TELLIG;E4 ,ACLY1 ! UPP] "PS >E SUP]IOR
9 ^! RESPECTS 6! L[]1 ! MALE SUP]IOR 6!
FEMALE1 &! "R SIDE 6! LEFT4 ,Z )! BLOOD
S AL )! O!R "PS1 HOMOG5E\S & HET]OG5E\S
ALIKE4 ,= "H AL S* V>I,NS Z O3UR M/ 2
HELD EI 6BE RELAT$ 6! ESS5TIAL 3/ITU;N &
MODE ( LIFE (! S"EAL ANIMALS1 OR1 9 O!R
CASES1 6BE M]ELY MATT]S ( SLI<TLY BETT]
OR SLI<TLY WORSE4 ,TWO ANIMALS1 = 9/.E1
MAY H EYES4 ,B 9 "O ^! EYES MAY 2 (
FLUID 3SI/5CY1 :ILE 9 ! O!R !Y >E H>D2 &
9 "O "! MAY 2 EYELIDS1 9 ! O!R NO S*
APP5DAGES4 ,9 S* A CASE1 ! FLUID 3SI/5CY
&! PRES;E ( EYELIDS1 : >E 9T5D$ 6ADD 6!
A3URACY ( VI.N1 >E DI6];ES ( DEGREE4 ,Z
6:Y ALL ANIMALS M/ ( NECESS;Y H BLOOD OR
"S?+ (A SIMIL> "*1 & :AT ! NATURE (
BLOOD MAY BE1 ^! >E MATT]S : C ONLY 2
3SID]$ :5 WE H F/ 4CUSS$ HOT & COLD4 ,=!
NATURAL PROP]TIES ( _M SUB/.ES >E REF]A#
6^! TWO ELE;T>Y PR9CIPLES2 & X IS A
MATT] ( FREQU5T 4PUTE :AT ANIMALS OR :AT
"PS ( ANIMALS >E HOT & :AT COLD4 ,= "S
MA9TA9 T WAT] ANIMALS >E HOTT] ?AN S* Z
LIVE ON L&1 ASS]T+ T _! NATURAL H1T
C.T]BAL.ES ! COLD;S ( _! M$IUM2 & AG1 T
BLOOD.S ANIMALS >E HOTT] ?AN ^? ) BLOOD1
& FEMALES ?AN MALES4 ,P>M5IDES1 = 9/.E1
& "S O!RS DCL T WOM5 >E HOTT] ?AN M51 &
T X IS ! W>M? & ABUND.E ( _! BLOOD :
CAUSES _! M5/RUAL FL[1 :ILE ,EMP$OCLES
MA9TA9S ! OPPOSITE OP9ION4 ,AG1 -P>+ !
BLOOD &! BILE1 "S SP1K (! =M] Z HOT &(!
LATT] Z COLD1 :ILE O!RS 9V]T !
DESCRIP;N4 ,IF "! 2 ? 5D.S 4PUT+ AB HOT
& COLD1 : ( ALL ?+S T A6ECT \R S5SES >E
! MO/ 4T9CT1 :AT >E WE 6?9K Z 6\R O!R
S5SORY IMPRES.NS8
  ,! EXPLAN,N (! DI6ICULTY APPE>S 6BE T
! T]M ,8HOTT]0' IS US$ 9 S"EAL S5SES2 S
T DI6]5T /ATE;TS1 ?\< 9 V]BAL 3TRADIC;N
) EA* O!R1 MAY YET ALL 2 M OR LESS TRUE4
,"! "\1 !N1 6BE "S CLE> "U/&+ Z 6! S5SE
9 : NATURAL SUB/.ES >E 6BE T]M$ HOT OR
COLD1 SOLID OR FLUID4 ,= X APPE>S
MANIFE/ T ^! >E PROP]TIES ON : EV5 LIFE
& D1? >E L>GELY DEP5D5T1 & T !Y >E
MOREOV] ! CAUSES ( SLEEP & WAK+1 (
MATUR;Y & OLD AGE1 ( H1L? & 41SE2 :ILE
NO SIMIL> 9FLU;E 2L;GS 6R\<;S & SMOO?;S1
6H1VI;S & LI<T;S1 NOR1 9 %ORT1 6ANY O!R
S* PROP]TIES ( MATT]4 ,T ? %D 2 S IS B 9
A3ORD.E ) R,NAL EXPECT,N4 ,= HOT & COLD1
SOLID & FLUID1 Z 0 /AT$ 9 A =M] TR1TISE1
>E ! F.D,NS (! PHYSICAL ELE;TS4
  ,IS !N ! T]M HOT US$ 9 "O S5SE OR 9
_M8 ,6ANSW] ? WE M/ ASC]TA9 :AT SPECIAL
E6ECT IS ATTRIBUT$ 6A HOTT] SUB/.E1 & IF
"! 2 S"EAL S*1 H[ _M ^! MAY BE4 ,A BODY
!N IS 9 "O S5SE SD 6BE HOTT] ?AN ANO!R1
IF X IM"P A GRT] AM.T ( H1T 6AN OBJECT 9
3TACT ) X4 ,9 A SECOND S5SE1 T IS SD 6BE
HOTT] : CAUSES ! KE5] S5S,N :5 T\*$1 &
ESPECI,Y IF ! S5S,N 2 ATT5D$ ) PA94 ,?
CRIT]ION1 H["E1 WD SEEM "S"TS 6BE A
FALSE "O2 = O3A.N,Y X IS ! IDIOSYNCRASY
(! 9DIVIDUAL T CAUSES ! S5S,N 6BE PA9;L4
,AG1 ( TWO ?+S1 T IS ! HOTT] : ! M
R1DILY MELTS A FUSI# SUB/.E1 OR SETS ON
FIRE AN 9FLAMMA# "O4 ,AG1 ( TWO MASSES (
"O &! SAME SUB/.E1 ! L>G] IS SD 6H M H1T
?AN ! SMALL]4 ,AG1 ( TWO BODIES1 T IS SD
6BE ! HOTT] : TAKES ! L;G] "T 9 COOL+1 Z
AL WE CALL T : IS RAPIDLY H1T$ HOTT] ?AN
T : IS L;G AB X2 Z ?\< ! RAPID;Y IMPLI$
PROXIM;Y & ? AG SIMIL>;Y ( NATURE1 :ILE
! WANT ( RAPID;Y IMPLI$ 4T.E & ? AG
4SIMIL>;Y ( NATURE4 ,! T]M HOTT] IS US$
!N 9 ALL ! V>I\S S5SES T H BE5 M5;N$1 &
P]H 9 / M4 ,N[ X IS IMPOSSI# = "O BODY
6BE HOTT] ?AN ANO!R 9 ALL ^! DI6]5T
FA%IONS4 ,BOIL+ WAT] = 9/.E1 ?\< X IS M
SCALD+ ?AN FLAME1 YET HAS NO P[] ( BURN+
OR MELT+ -BU/I# OR FUSI# MATT]1 :ILE
FLAME HAS4 ,S AG ? BOIL+ WAT] IS HOTT]
?AN A SMALL FIRE1 & YET GETS COLD M
RAPIDLY & -PLETELY4 ,= 9 FACT FIRE N"E
2COMES COLD2 ":AS WAT] 9V>IABLY DOES S4
,BOIL+ WAT]1 AG1 IS HOTT] 6! T\* ?AN
OIL2 YET X GETS COLD & SOLID M RAPIDLY
?AN ? O!R FLUID4 ,BLOOD1 AG1 IS HOTT] 6!
T\* ?AN EI WAT] OR OIL1 & YET COAGULATES
2F !M4 ,IRON1 AG1 & /"OS & O!R SIMIL>
BODIES >E L;G] 9 GETT+ H1T$ ?AN WAT]1 B
:5 ONCE H1T$ BURN O!R SUB/.ES )A M* GRT]
9T5S;Y4 ,ANO!R 4T9C;N IS ?4 ,9 "S (!
BODIES : >E CALL$ HOT ! H1T IS DERIV$ F
)\T1 :ILE 9 O!RS X 2L;GS 6! BODIES !MVS2
& X MAKES A MO/ IMPORTANT DI6];E :E!R !
H1T HAS ! =M] OR ! LATT] ORIG94 ,= 6CALL
T "O ( TWO BODIES ! HOTT]1 : IS POSSESS$
( H1T1 WE MAY ALM SAY1 A3ID5T,Y & N ( XS
[N ESS;E1 IS V M* ! SAME ?+ Z IF1 F9D+ T
"S MAN 9 A FEV] 0 A MUSICIAN1 "O 7 6SAY
T MUSICIANS >E HOTT] ?AN H1L?Y M54 ,( T
: IS HOT P] SE & T : IS HOT P] A3ID5S1 !
=M] IS ! SL[] 6COOL1 :ILE N R>ELY !
LATT] IS ! HOTT] 6! T\*4 ,! =M] AG IS !
M BURN+ (! TWO-FLAME1 = 9/.E1 Z -P>$ )
BOIL+ WAT]-:ILE ! LATT]1 Z ! BOIL+ WAT]1
: IS HOT P] A3ID5S1 IS ! M H1T+ 6! T\*4
,F ALL ? X IS CLE> T X IS NO SIMPLE
MATT] 6DECIDE : ( TWO BODIES IS ! HOTT]4
,=! F/ MAY 2 ! HOTT] 9 "O S5SE1 ! SECOND
! HOTT] 9 ANO!R4 ,9DE$ 9 "S ( ^! CASES X
IS IMPOSSI# 6SAY SIMPLY EV5 :E!R A ?+ IS
HOT OR N4 ,=! ACTUAL SUB/RATUM MAY N XF
2 HOT1 B MAY 2 HOT :5 C\PL$ WITB H1T Z
AN ATTRIBUTE1 Z WD 2 ! CASE IF "O ATTA*$
A S+LE "N 6HOT WAT] OR HOT IRON4 ,X IS
AF ? MANN] T BLOOD IS HOT4 ,9 S* CASES1
9 ^?1 T IS1 9 : ! SUB/RATUM [ES XS H1T
6AN EXT]NAL 9FLU;E1 X IS PLA9 T COLD IS
N A M]E PRIV,N1 B AN ACTUAL EXI/;E4
  ,"! IS NO "K+ B T EV5 FIRE MAY 2 ANO!R
( ^! CASES4 ,=! SUB/RATUM ( FIRE MAY 2
SMOKE OR *>COAL1 & ?\< ! =M] ( ^! IS ALW
HOT1 SMOKE 2+ AN UPRIS+ VAP\R1 YET !
LATT] 2COMES COLD :5 XS FLAME IS
EXT+UI%$1 Z AL WD OIL & P9EWOOD "U
SIMIL> CIRCUM/.ES4 ,B EV5 SUB/.ES T H
BE5 BURNT NE>LY ALL POSSESS "S H1T1
C9D]S1 = EXAMPLE1 & A%ES1 ! DEJEC;NS AL
( ANIMALS1 &1 AM;G ! EXCRE;NS1 BILE2 2C
"S RESIDUE ( H1T HAS BE5 LEFT 9 !M AF _!
-BUS;N4 ,X IS 9 ANO!R S5SE T P9EWOOD &
FAT SUB/.ES >E HOT2 "NLY1 2C !Y RAPIDLY
ASSUME ! ACTUAL;Y ( FIRE4
  ,H1T APPE>S 6CAUSE BO? COAGUL,N &
MELT+4 ,N[ S* ?+S Z >E =M$ M]ELY ( WAT]
>E SOLIDIFI$ 0COLD1 :ILE S* Z >E =M$ (
NO?+ B E>? >E SOLIDIFI$ 0FIRE4 ,HOT
SUB/.ES AG >E SOLIDIFI$ 0COLD1 &1 :5 !Y
3SI/ *IEFLY ( E>?1 ! PROCESS (
SOLIDIFIC,N IS RAPID1 &! RESULT+ SUB/.E
IS 9SOLU#2 B1 :5 _! MA9 3/ITU5T IS WAT]1
! SOLID MATT] IS AG SOLU#4 ,:AT K9DS (
SUB/.ES1 H["E1 ADMIT ( 2+ SOLIDIFI$1 &
:AT >E ! CAUSES ( SOLIDIFIC,N1 >E "QS T
H ALR BE5 D1LT ) M PRECISELY 9 ANO!R
TR1TISE4
  ,9 3CLU.N1 !N1 SEE+ T ! T]MS HOT &
HOTT] >E US$ 9 _M DI6]5T S5SES1 & T NO
"O SUB/.E C 2 HOTT] ?AN O!RS 9 ALL ^!
S5SES1 WE M/1 :5 WE ATTRIBUTE ? "* 6AN
OBJECT1 ADD S* FUR!R /ATE;TS Z T ?
SUB/.E IS HOTT] P] SE1 ?\< T O!R IS (T5
HOTT] P] A3ID5S2 OR AG1 T ? SUB/.E IS
POT5TI,Y HOT1 T O!R ACTU,Y S2 OR AG1 T ?
SUB/.E IS HOTT] 9 ! S5SE ( CAUS+ A GRT]
FEEL+ ( H1T :5 T\*$1 :ILE T O!R IS HOTT]
9 ! S5SE ( PRODUC+ FLAME & BURN+4 ,! T]M
HOT 2+ US$ 9 ALL ^! V>I\S S5SES1 X
PLA9LY FOLL[S T ! T]M COLD W AL 2 US$ )
L AMBIGU;Y4
  ,S M* !N Z 6! SIGNIFIC,N (! T]MS HOT &
COLD1 HOTT] & COLD]4

                   #C

  ,9 NATURAL SEQU;E WE H NEXT 6TR1T (
SOLID & FLUID4 ,^! T]MS >E US$ 9 V>I\S
S5SES4 ,"S"TS1 = 9/.E1 !Y DENOTE ?+S T
>E POT5TI,Y1 AT O!R "TS ?+S T >E ACTU,Y1
SOLID OR FLUID4 ,ICE = EXAMPLE1 OR ANY
O!R SOLIDIFI$ FLUID1 IS SPOK5 ( Z 2+
ACTU,Y & A3ID5T,Y SOLID1 :ILE POT5TI,Y &
ESS5TI,Y X IS FLUID4 ,SIMIL>LY E>? &
A%ES &! L1 :5 MIX$ ) WAT]1 >E ACTU,Y &
A3ID5T,Y FLUID1 B POT5TI,Y & ESS5TI,Y >E
SOLID4 ,N[ SEP>ATE ! 3/ITU5TS 9 S* A
MIXTURE & Y H ON ! "O H& ! WAT]Y -PON5TS
6: XS FLUID;Y 0 DUE1 & ^! >E BO? ACTU,Y
& POT5TI,Y FLUID1 & ON ! O!R H& ! E>?Y
-PON5TS1 & ^! >E 9 E WAY SOLID2 & X IS
6BODIES T >E SOLID 9 ? -PLETE MANN] T !
T]M ,8SOLID0' IS MO/ PROP]LY &
ABSOLUTELY APPLICA#4 ,S AL ! OPPOSITE
T]M ,8FLULD0' IS /RICTLY & ABSOLUTELY
APPLICA# 6T ONLY : IS BO? POT5TI,Y &
ACTU,Y FLUID4 ,! SAME REM>K APPLIES AL
6HOT BODIES & 6COLD4
  ,^! 4T9C;NS1 !N1 2+ LAID D[N1 X IS
PLA9 T BLOOD IS ESS5TI,Y HOT 9 S F> Z T
H1T IS 3NOT$ 9 XS "N2 J Z IF BOIL+ WAT]
7 DENOT$ 0A S+LE T]M1 BOIL+ WD 2 3NOT$ 9
T T]M4 ,B ! SUB/RATUM ( BLOOD1 T : X IS
9 SUB/.E :ILE X IS BLOOD 9 =M1 IS N HOT4
,BLOOD !N 9 A C]TA9 S5SE IS ESS5TI,Y
HOT1 & 9 ANO!R S5SE IS N S4 ,= H1T IS
9CLUD$ 9 ! DEF9I;N ( BLOOD1 J Z :ITE;S
IS 9CLUD$ 9 ! DEF9I;N (A :ITE MAN1 & S
F> "!=E BLOOD IS ESS5TI,Y HOT4 ,B S F> Z
BLOOD 2COMES HOT F "S EXT]NAL 9FLU;E1 X
IS N HOT ESS5TI,Y4
  ,Z ) HOT & COLD1 S AL IS X ) SOLID &
FLUID4 ,WE C "!=E "U/& H[ "S SUB/.ES >E
HOT & FLUID S L;G Z !Y REMA9 9 ! LIV+
BODY1 B 2COME P]CEPTIBLY COLD &
COAGULATE S SOON Z !Y >E SEP>AT$ F X2
:ILE O!RS >E HOT & 3SI/5T :ILE 9 ! BODY1
B :5 )DRAWN "U A *ANGE 6! OPPOSITE
3DI;N1 & 2COME COLD & FLUID4 ,(! =M]
BLOOD IS AN EXAMPLE1 (! LATT] BILE2 =
:ILE BLOOD SOLIDIFIES :5 ?US SEP>AT$1
YELL[ BILE "U ! SAME CIRCUM/.ES 2COMES M
FLUID4 ,WE M/ ATTRIBUTE 6S* SUB/.ES !
POSSES.N ( OPPOSITE PROP]TIES 9 A GRT]
OR LESS DEGREE4
  ,9 :AT S5SE1 !N1 ! BLOOD IS HOT & 9
:AT S5SE FLUID1 & H[ F> X P>TAKES (!
OPPOSITE PROP]TIES1 HAS N[ BE5 FAIRLY
EXPLA9$4 ,N[ S9CE "EY?+ T GR[S M/ TAKE
N\RI%;T1 & NUTRI;T 9 ALL CASES 3SI/S (
FLUID & SOLID SUB/.ES1 & S9CE X IS 0!
=CE ( H1T T ^! >E 3COCT$ & *ANG$1 X
FOLL[S T ALL LIV+ ?+S1 ANIMALS & PLANTS
ALIKE1 M/ ON ? A3.T1 IF ON NO O!R1 H A
NATURAL S\RCE ( H1T4 ,? NATURAL H1T1
MOREOV]1 M/ 2L;G 6_M "PS1 SEE+ T !
ORGANS 0: ! V>I\S ELABOR,NS (! FOOD >E
E6ECT$ >E _M 9 NUMB]4 ,= F/ ( ALL "! IS
! M\? &! "PS 9SIDE ! M\?1 ON : ! F/ %>E
9 ! DUTY CLE>LY DEVOLVES1 9 S* ANIMALS
AT L1/ Z LIVE ON FOOD : REQUIRES
49TEGR,N4 ,! M\?1 H["E1 DOES N ACTU,Y
3COCT ! FOOD1 B M]ELY FACILITATES
3COC;N2 =! SUBDIVI.N (! FOOD 96SMALL
BITS FACILITATES ! AC;N ( H1T ^U X4 ,AF
! M\? -E ! UPP] &! L[] ABDOM9AL
CAVITIES1 & "H X IS T 3COC;N IS E6ECT$
0! AID ( NATURAL H1T4 ,AG1 J Z "! IS A
*ANNEL =! ADMIS.N (! UNCONCOCT$ FOOD 96!
/OMA*1 "NLY ! M\?1 & 9 "S ANIMALS ! S-
CALL$ OESOPHAGUS1 : IS 3T9U\S )! M\? &
R1*ES 6! /OMA*1 S M/ "! AL 2 O!R & M
NUM]\S *ANNELS 0: ! 3COCT$ FOOD OR
NUTRI;T % PASS \ (! /OMA* & 9TE/9ES 96!
BODY AT L>GE1 & 6: ^! CAVITIES % S]VE Z
A K9D ( MANG]4 ,= PLANTS GET _! FOOD F !
E>? 0M1NS ( _! ROOTS2 & ? FOOD IS ALR
ELABORAT$ :5 TAK5 IN1 : IS ! R1SON :Y
PLANTS PRODUCE NO EXCRE;T1 ! E>? & XS
H1T S]V+ !M 9 ! /1D (A /OMA*4 ,B
ANIMALS1 ) SC>CELY AN EXCEP;N1 &
3SPICU\SLY ALL S* Z >E CAPA# ( LOCOMO;N1
>E PROVID$ )A /OMA*AL SAC1 : IS Z X 7 AN
9T]NAL SUB/ITUTE =! E>?4 ,!Y M/ "!=E H
"S 9/RU;T : % CORRESPOND 6! ROOTS (
PLANTS1 ) : !Y MAY ABSORB _! FOOD F ?
SAC1 S T ! PROP] 5D (! SU3ESSIVE /AGES (
3COC;N MAY AT LA/ 2 ATTA9$4 ,! M\? !N1
XS DUTY D"O1 PASSES OV] ! FOOD 6! /OMA*1
& "! M/ NECESS>ILY 2 "S?+ 6RCV X 9 TURN
F ?4 ,? "S?+ IS FURNI%$ 0! BLOODVESSELS1
: RUN "?\T ! :OLE EXT5T (! MES5T]Y F XS
L[E/ "P "R UP 6! /OMA*4 ,A DESCRIP;N (
^! W 2 F.D 9 ! TR1TISES ON ,ANATOMY &
,NATURAL ,HI/ORY4 ,N[ Z "! IS A
RECEPTACLE =! 5TIRE MATT] TAK5 Z FOOD1 &
AL A RECEPTACLE = XS EXCRE;TAL RESIDUE1
& AG A ?IRD RECEPTACLE1 "NLY ! VESSELS1
: S]VE Z S* =! BLOOD1 X IS PLA9 T ?
BLOOD M/ 2 ! F9AL NUTRITIVE MAT]IAL 9 S*
ANIMALS Z H X2 :ILE 9 BLOOD.S ANIMALS !
SAME IS ! CASE )! FLUID : REPRES5TS !
BLOOD4 ,? EXPLA9S :Y ! BLOOD DIM9I%ES 9
QUANT;Y :5 NO FOOD IS TAK51 & 9CR1SES :5
M* IS 3SUM$1 & AL :Y X 2COMES H1L?Y &
UNH1L?Y AC Z ! FOOD IS (! "O OR ! O!R
"*4 ,^! FACTS1 !N1 & O!RS (A L K9D1 MAKE
X PLA9 T ! PURPOSE (! BLOOD 9 SANGU9E\S
ANIMALS IS 6SUBS]VE ! NUTRI;N (! BODY4
,!Y AL EXPLA9 :Y NO M S5S,N IS PRODUC$
0T\*+ ! BLOOD ?AN 0T\*+ "O (! EXCRE;NS
OR ! FOOD1 ":AS :5 ! FLE% IS T\*$ S5S,N
IS PRODUC$4 ,=! BLOOD IS N 3T9U\S NOR
UNIT$ 0GR[? )! FLE%1 B SIMPLY LIES LOOSE
9 XS RECEPTACLE1 T IS 9 ! HE>T &
VESSELS4 ,! MANN] 9 : ! "PS GR[ AT !
EXP5SE (! BLOOD1 & 9DE$ ! :OLE "Q (
NUTRI;N1 W F9D A M SUITA# PLACE =
EXPOSI;N 9 ! TR1TISE ON ,G5],N1 & 9 O!R
WRIT+S4 ,= \R PRES5T PURPOSE ALL T NE$ 2
SD IS T ! BLOOD EXI/S =! SAKE ( NUTRI;N1
T IS ! NUTRI;N (! "PS2 &) ? M* LET U
"!=E 3T5T \RVS4

                   #D

  ,:AT >E CALL$ FIBRES >E F.D 9 ! BLOOD
( "S ANIMALS B N ( ALL4 ,"! >E N"O1 =
9/.E1 9 ! BLOOD ( DE] &( ROES2 &= ?
R1SON ! BLOOD ( S* ANIMALS Z ^! N"E
COAGULATES4 ,= "O "P (! BLOOD 3SI/S
MA9LY ( WAT] & "!=E DOES N COAGULATE1 ?
PROCESS O3URR+ ONLY 9 ! O!R & E>?Y
3/ITU5T1 T IS 6SAY 9 ! FIBRES1 :ILE !
FLUID "P IS EVAPORAT+4
  ,"S AT ANY RATE (! ANIMALS ) WAT]Y
BLOOD H A KE5] 9TELLECT ?AN ^? ^: BLOOD
IS ( AN E>?I] NATURE4 ,? IS DUE N 6!
COLD;S ( _! BLOOD1 B R 6XS ?9;S & PUR;Y2
NEI ( : QUALITIES 2L;GS 6! E>?Y MATT]4
,=! ?9N] & PUR] XS FLUID IS1 ! M EASILY
A6ECT$ IS AN ANIMAL'S S5SIBIL;Y4 ,?US X
IS T "S BLOOD.S ANIMALS1 NOT)/&+ _! WANT
( BLOOD1 >E YET M 9TELLIG5T ?AN "S AM;G
! SANGU9E\S K9DS4 ,S* = 9/.E1 Z ALR SD1
IS ! CASE )! BEE &! TRIBE ( ANTS1 &
:AT"E O!R ANIMALS "! MAY 2 (A L NATURE4
,AT ! SAME "T TOO GRT AN EXCESS ( WAT]
MAKES ANIMALS TIMOR\S4 ,= FE> *ILLS !
BODY2 S T 9 ANIMALS ^: HE>T 3TA9S S
WAT]Y A MIXTURE ! WAY IS PREP>$ =! OP],N
( ? EMO;N4 ,= WAT] IS 3G1L$ 0COLD4 ,? AL
EXPLA9S :Y BLOOD.S ANIMALS >E1 Z A G5]AL
RULE1 M TIMOR\S ?AN S* Z H BLOOD1 S T !Y
REMA9 MO;N.S1 :5 F"R5$1 & 4*>GE _!
EXCRE;NS1 & 9 "S 9/.ES *ANGE COL\R4 ,S*
ANIMALS1 ON ! O!R H&1 Z H ?ICK &
ABUNDANT FIBRES 9 _! BLOOD >E (A M E>?Y
NATURE1 &(A *OL]IC TEMP]A;T1 & LIA#
6BUR/S ( PAS.N4 ,= ANG] IS PRODUCTIVE (
H1T2 & SOLIDS1 :5 !Y H BE5 MADE HOT1
GIVE (F M H1T ?AN FLUIDS4 ,! FIBRES
"!=E1 2+ E>?Y & SOLID1 >E TURN$ 96S _M
HOT EMB]S 9 ! BLOOD1 L ! EMB]S 9 A
VAP\R-BA?1 & CAUSE EBULLI;N 9 ! FITS (
PAS.N4
  ,? EXPLA9S :Y BULLS & BO>S >E S *OL]IC
& S PAS.NATE4 ,= _! BLOOD IS EXCE$+LY
RI* 9 FIBRES1 &! BULL'S AT ANY RATE
COAGULATES M RAPIDLY ?AN T ( ANY O!R
ANIMAL4 ,IF ^! FIBRES1 T IS 6SAY IF !
E>?Y 3/ITU5TS ( : WE >E SP1K+1 >E TAK5 \
(! BLOOD1 ! FLUID T REMA9S 2H W NO L;G]
COAGULATE2 J Z ! WAT]Y RESIDUE ( MUD W N
COAGULATE AF REMOVAL (! E>?4 ,B IF !
FIBRES >E LEFT ! FLUID COAGULATES1 Z AL
DOES MUD1 "U ! 9FLU;E ( COLD4 ,= :5 !
H1T IS EXPELL$ 0! COLD1 ! FLUID1 Z HAS
BE5 ALR /AT$1 PASSES (F ) X 0EVAPOR,N1 &
! RESIDUE IS DRI$ UP & SOLIDIFI$1 N 0H1T
B 0COLD4 ,S L;G1 H["E1 Z ! BLOOD IS 9 !
BODY1 X IS KEPT FLUID 0ANIMAL H1T4
  ,! "* (! BLOOD A6ECTS BO? ! TEMP]A;T &
! S5SORY FACULTIES ( ANIMALS 9 _M WAYS4
,? IS 9DE$ :AT MI<T R1SONABLY 2 EXPECT$1
SEE+ T ! BLOOD IS ! MAT]IAL ( : ! :OLE
BODY IS MADE4 ,= NUTRI;T SUPPLIES !
MAT]IAL1 &! BLOOD IS ! ULTIMATE NUTRI;T4
,X MAKES !N A 3SID]A# DI6];E :E!R !
BLOOD 2 HOT OR COLD1 ?9 OR ?ICK1 TURBID
OR CLE>4
  ,! WAT]Y "P (! BLOOD IS S]UM2 & X IS
WAT]Y1 EI [+ 6XS N 2+ YET 3COCT$1 OR [+
6XS HAV+ 2COME CORRUPT$2 S T "O "P (!
S]UM IS ! RESULTANT (A NEC PROCESS1 :ILE
ANO!R "P IS MAT]IAL 9T5D$ 6S]VE =! =M,N
(! BLOOD4

                   #E

  ,! DI6];ES 2T L>D & SUET CORRESPOND
6DI6];ES ( BLOOD4 ,= BO? >E BLOOD 3COCT$
96^! =MS Z A RESULT ( ABUNDANT NUTRI;N1
2+ T SURPLUS BLOOD T IS N EXP5D$ ON !
FLE%Y "P (! BODY1 & IS ( AN EASILY
3COCT$ & FATTY "*4 ,? IS %[N 0! UNCTU\S
ASPECT ( ^! SUB/.ES2 = S* UNCTU\S ASPECT
9 FLUIDS IS DUE 6A -B9,N ( AIR & FIRE4
,X FOLL[S F :AT HAS BE5 SD T NO NON-
SANGU9E\S ANIMALS H EI L>D OR SUET2 = !Y
H NO BLOOD4 ,AM;G SANGU9E\S ANIMALS ^?
^: BLOOD IS D5SE H SUET R ?AN L>D4 ,=
SUET IS ( AN E>?Y NATURE1 T IS 6SAY1 X
3TA9S B A SMALL PROPOR;N ( WAT] & IS
*IEFLY -POS$ ( E>?2 & ? X IS T MAKES X
COAGULATE1 J Z ! FIBR\S MATT] ( BLOOD
COAGULATES1 OR BRO?S : 3TA9 S* FIBR\S
MATT]4 ,?US X IS T 9 ^? HORN$ ANIMALS T
H NO FRONT TEE? 9 ! UPP] JAW ! FAT 3SI/S
( SUET4 ,=! V FACT T !Y H HORNS &
HUCKLE-B"OS %[S T _! -POSI;N IS RI* 9 ?
E>?Y ELE;T2 = ALL S* APPURT5.ES >E SOLID
& E>?Y 9 "*4 ,ON ! O!R H& 9 ^? HORN.S
ANIMALS T H FRONT TEE? 9 BO? JAWS1 & ^:
FEET >E DIVID$ 96TOES1 "! IS NO SUET1 B
9 XS PLACE L>D2 & ?1 N 2+ ( AN E>?Y "*1
NEI COAGULATES NOR DRIES UP 96A FRIA#
MASS4
  ,BO? L>D & SUET :5 PRES5T 9 MOD]ATE
AM.T >E B5EFICIAL2 = !Y 3TRIBUTE 6H1L? &
/R5G?1 :ILE !Y >E NO H9DR.E 6S5S,N4 ,B
:5 !Y >E PRES5T 9 GRT EXCESS1 !Y >E
9JURI\S & DE/RUCTIVE4 ,= 7 ! :OLE BODY
=M$ ( !M X WD P]I%4 ,= AN ANIMAL IS AN
ANIMAL 9 VIRTUE ( XS S5SORY "P1 T IS 9
VIRTUE ( XS FLE%1 OR (! SUB/.E ANALOG\S
6FLE%4 ,B ! BLOOD1 Z 2F /AT$1 IS N
S5SITIVE2 Z "!=E IS NEI L>D NOR SUET1
SEE+ T !Y >E NO?+ B 3COCT$ BLOOD4 ,7 !N
! :OLE BODY -POS$ ( ^! SUB/.ES1 X WD 2
UTT]LY )\T S5S,N4 ,S* ANIMALS1 AG1 Z >E
EXCESSIVELY FAT AGE RAPIDLY4 ,= S M* (
_! BLOOD IS US$ 9 =M+ FAT1 T !Y H B LL
LEFT2 & :5 "! IS B LL BLOOD ! WAY IS ALR
OP5 = DECAY4 ,= DECAY MAY 2 SD 6BE
DEFICI5CY ( BLOOD1 ! SCANTI;S ( : R5D]S
X LIA#1 L ALL BODIES ( SMALL BULK1 6BE
9JURI\SLY A6ECT$ 0ANY *.E EXCESS ( H1T
OR COLD4 ,=! SAME R1SON FAT ANIMALS >E
LESS PROLIFIC ?AN O!RS4 ,= T "P (! BLOOD
: %D G 6=M SEM5 & SE$ IS US$ UP 9 !
PRODUC;N ( L>D & SUET1 : >E NO?+ B
3COCT$ BLOOD2 S T 9 ^! ANIMALS "! IS EI
NO REPRODUCTIVE EXCRE;N AT ALL1 OR ONLY
A SCANTY AM.T4

                   #F

  ,S M* !N ( BLOOD & S]UM1 &( L>D &
SUET4 ,EA* ( ^! HAS BE5 DESCRIB$1 &!
PURPOSES TOLD = : !Y S"E,Y EXI/4 ,! M>R[
AL IS (! NATURE ( BLOOD1 & N1 Z "S ?9K1
! G]M9AL =CE (! SEM54 ,T ? IS ! CASE IS
Q EVID5T 9 V "Y ANIMALS4 ,= 9 ! EMBRYO !
M>R[ (! B"OS HAS A BLOOD-L APPE>.E1 : IS
B NATURAL1 SEE+ T ! "PS >E ALL 3/RUCT$ \
( BLOOD1 & T X IS ON BLOOD T ! EMBRYO IS
N\RI%$4 ,B1 Z ! "Y ANIMAL GR[S UP &
RIP5S 96MATUR;Y1 ! M>R[ *ANGES XS COL\R1
J Z D ! EXT]NAL "PS &! VISC]A4 ,=!
VISC]A AL 9 ANIMALS1 S L;G Z !Y >E "Y1 H
EA* & ALL A BLOOD-L LOOK1 [+ 6! L>GE
AM.T ( ? FLUID : !Y 3TA94
  ,! 3SI/5CY (! M>R[ AGREES ) T (! FAT4
,= :5 ! FAT 3SI/S ( L>D1 !N ! M>R[ AL IS
UNCTU\S & L>D-L2 B :5 ! BLOOD IS 3V]T$
03COC;N 96SUET1 & DOES N ASSUME ! =M (
L>D1 !N ! M>R[ AL HAS A SUETY "*4 ,9 ^?
ANIMALS1 "!=E1 T H HORNS & >E )\T UPP]
FRONT TEE?1 ! M>R[ HAS ! "* ( SUET2 :ILE
X TAKES ! =M ( L>D 9 ^? T H FRONT TEE? 9
BO? JAWS1 & T AL H ! FOOT DIVID$ 96TOES4
,:AT HAS B5 SD H>DLY APPLIES 6! SP9AL
M>R[4 ,= X IS NEC T ? % 2 3T9U\S & EXT5D
)\T BR1K "? ! :OLE BACKB"O1 9ASM* Z ?
B"O 3SI/S ( SEP>ATE V]TEBRAE4 ,B 7 !
SP9AL M>R[ EI ( UNCTU\S FAT OR ( SUET1 X
CD N HOLD TGR 9 S* A 3T9U\S MASS Z X
DOES1 B WD EI 2 TOO FLUID OR TOO
FRANGI#4
  ,"! >E "S ANIMALS T C H>DLY 2 SD 6H
ANY M>R[4 ,^! >E ^? ^: B"OS >E /R;G &
SOLID1 Z IS ! CASE )! LION4 ,= 9 ?
ANIMAL ! M>R[ IS S UTT]LY 9SIGNIFICANT T
! B"OS LOOK Z ?\< !Y _H N"O AT ALL4
,H["E1 Z X IS NEC T ANIMALS % H B"OS OR
"S?+ ANALOG\S 6!M1 S* Z ! FI%-SP9ES (
WAT]-ANIMALS1 X IS AL A MATT] ( NECESS;Y
T "S ( ^! B"OS % 3TA9 M>R[2 =! SUB/.E
3TA9$ )9 ! B"OS IS ! NUTRI;T \ ( : ^! >E
=M$4 ,N[ ! UNIV]SAL NUTRI;T1 Z ALR /AT$1
IS BLOOD2 &! BLOOD )9 ! B"O1 [+ 6! H1T :
IS DEVELOP$ 9 X F XS 2+ ?US SURR.D$1
"UGOES 3COC;N1 & SELF-3COCT$ BLOOD IS
SUET OR L>D2 S T X IS P]FECTLY 9TELLIGI#
H[ ! M>R[ )9 ! B"O -ES 6H ! "* ( ^!
SUB/.ES4 ,S AL X IS EASY 6"U/& :Y1 9 ^?
ANIMALS T H /R;G & -PACT B"OS1 "S ( ^!
%D 2 5TIRELY VOID ( M>R[1 :ILE ! RE/
3TA9 B LL ( X2 = "H ! NUTRI;T IS SP5T 9
=M+ ! B"OS4
  ,^? ANIMALS T H FI%-SP9ES 9 PLACE (
B"OS H NO O!R M>R[ ?AN T (! *9E4 ,= 9 !
F/ PLACE !Y H NATUR,Y B A SMALL AM.T (
BLOOD2 & SECONDLY ! ONLY HOLL[ FI%-SP9E
IS T (! *9E4 ,9 ? !N M>R[ IS =M$2 ? 2+ !
ONLY SP9E 9 : "! IS SPACE = X1 &1
MOREOV]1 2+ ! ONLY "O : [+ 6XS DIVI.N
96"PS REQUIRES A 3NECT+ BOND4 ,? TOO IS
! R1SON :Y ! M>R[ (! *9E1 Z ALR M5;N$1
IS "S:AT DI6]5T F T ( O!R B"OS4 ,=1 HAV+
6ACT ! "P (A CLASP1 X M/ 2 ( GLUT9\S "*1
& AT ! SAME "T S9EWY S Z 6ADMIT (
/RET*+4
  ,S* !N >E ! R1SONS =! EXI/;E ( M>R[1 9
^? ANIMALS T H ANY1 & S* XS NATURE4 ,X
IS EVID5TLY ! SURPLUS (! SANGU9E\S
NUTRI;T APPOR;N$ 6! B"OS & FI%-SP9ES1 :
HAS "UG"O 3COC;N [+ 6XS 2+ 5CLOS$ )9 !M4

                   #G

  ,F ! M>R[ WE PASS ON 9 NATURAL SEQU;E
6! BRA94 ,= "! >E _M :O ?9K T ! BRA9 XF
3SI/S ( M>R[1 & T X =MS ! -M;E;T ( T
SUB/.E1 2C !Y SEE T ! SP9AL M>R[ IS
3T9U\S ) X4 ,9 R1L;Y ! TWO MAY 2 SD 6BE
UTT]LY OPPOSITE 6EA* O!R 9 "*4 ,=( ALL !
"PS (! BODY "! IS N"O S COLD Z ! BRA92
":AS ! M>R[ IS (A HOT NATURE1 Z IS
PLA9LY %[N 0XS FAT & UNCTU\S "*4 ,9DE$ ?
IS ! V R1SON :Y ! BRA9 & SP9AL M>R[ >E
3T9U\S ) EA* O!R4 ,=1 :]"E ! AC;N ( ANY
"P IS 9 EXCESS1 NATURE S 3TRIVES Z 6SET
0X ANO!R "P ) AN EXCESS ( 3TR>Y AC;N1 S
T ! EXCESSES (! TWO MAY C.T]BAL.E EA*
O!R4 ,N[ T ! M>R[ IS HOT IS CLE>LY %[N
0_M 9DIC,NS4 ,! COLD;S (! BRA9 IS AL
MANIFE/ 5\<4 ,= 9 ! F/ PLACE X IS COLD
EV5 6! T\*2 &1 SECONDLY1 ( ALL ! FLUID
"PS (! BODY X IS ! DRIE/ &! "O T HAS !
L1/ BLOOD2 = 9 FACT X HAS NO BLOOD AT
ALL 9 XS PROP] SUB/.E4 ,? BRA9 IS N
RESIDUAL MATT]1 NOR YET IS X "O (! "PS :
>E ANATOMIC,Y 3T9U\S ) EA* O!R2 B X HAS
A "* PECULI> 6XF1 Z MI<T 9DE$ 2 EXPECT$4
,T X HAS NO 3T9U;Y )! ORGANS ( S5SE IS
PLA9 F SIMPLE 9SPEC;N1 & IS / M CLE>LY
%[N 0! FACT1 T1 :5 X IS T\*$1 NO S5S,N
IS PRODUC$2 9 : RESPECT X RESEM#S !
BLOOD ( ANIMALS & _! EXCRE;T4 ,! PURPOSE
( XS PRES;E 9 ANIMALS IS NO LESS ?AN !
PRES]V,N (! :OLE BODY4 ,= "S WRIT]S
ASS]T T ! S\L IS FIRE OR "S S* =CE4 ,?1
H["E1 IS B A R\< & 9A3URATE ASS];N2 & X
WD P]H 2 BETT] 6SAY T ! S\L IS
9CORPORATE 9 "S SUB/.E (A FI]Y "*4 ,!
R1SON = ? 2+ S IS T ( ALL SUB/.ES "! IS
N"O S SUITA# = M9I/]+ 6! OP],NS (! S\L Z
T : IS POSSESS$ ( H1T4 ,= NUTRI;N &!
IM"P+ ( MO;N >E (FICES (! S\L1 & X IS
0H1T T ^! >E MO/ R1DILY E6ECT$4 ,6SAY !N
T ! S\L IS FIRE IS M* ! SAME ?+ Z 63F.D
! AUG] OR ! SAW )! C>P5T] OR 8 CRAFT1
SIMPLY 2C ! "W IS WR"\ 0! TWO 9 3JUNC;N4
,S F> !N ? M* IS PLA91 T ALL ANIMALS M/
NECESS>ILY H A C]TA9 AM.T ( H1T4 ,B Z
ALL 9FLU;ES REQUIRE 6BE C.T]BAL.ED1 S T
!Y MAY 2 REDUC$ 6MOD],N & BR"\ 6! M1N 7=
9 ! M1N1 & N 9 EI EXTREME1 LIES ! TRUE &
R,NAL POSI;N71 NATURE HAS 3TRIV$ ! BRA9
Z A C.T]POISE 6! REGION (! HE>T ) XS
3TA9$ H1T1 & HAS GIV5 X 6ANIMALS
6MOD]ATE ! LATT]1 -B9+ 9 X ! PROP]TIES (
E>? & WAT]4 ,= ? R1SON X IS1 T E
SANGU9E\S ANIMAL HAS A BRA92 ":AS NO
BLOOD.S CR1TURE HAS S* AN ORGAN1 UN.S
9DE$ X BE1 Z ! ,P\LP1 0ANALOGY4 ,= ": "!
IS NO BLOOD1 "! 9 3SEQU;E "! IS B LL
H1T4 ,! BRA91 !N1 TEMP]S ! H1T & SEE?+ (
! HE>T4 ,9 ORD]1 H["E1 T X MAY N XF 2
ABSOLUTELY )\T H1T1 B MAY H A MOD]ATE
AM.T1 BRAN*ES RUN F BO? BLOOD-VESSELS1 T
IS 6SAY F ! GRT VESSEL & F :AT IS CALL$
! AORTA1 & 5D 9 ! MEMBRANE : SURR.DS !
BRA92 :ILE AT ! SAME "T1 9 ORD] 6PREV5T
ANY 9JURY F ! H1T1 ^! 5COMPASS+ VESSELS1
9/1D ( 2+ FEW & L>GE1 >E NUM]\S & SMALL1
& _! BLOOD SCANTY & CLE>1 9/1D ( 2+
ABUNDANT & ?ICK4 ,WE C N[ "U/& :Y
DEFLUXIONS H _! ORIG9 9 ! H1D1 & O3UR
:5"E ! "PS AB ! BRA9 H M ?AN A DUE
PROPOR;N ( COLD;S4 ,= :5 ! NUTRI;T /1MS
UPW>DS "? ! BLOOD-VESSELS1 XS REFUSE
POR;N IS *ILL$ 0! 9FLU;E ( ? REGION1 &
=MS DEFLUXIONS ( PHLEGM & S]UM4 ,WE M/
SUPPOSE1 6-P>E SMALL ?+S ) GRT1 T ! L
HAPP5S "H Z O3URS 9 ! PRODUC;N ( %[]S4
,= :5 VAP\R /1MS UP F ! E>? & IS C>RI$
0! H1T 96! UPP] REGIONS1 S SOON Z X
R1*ES ! COLD AIR T IS ABV ! E>?1 X
3D5SES AG 96WAT] [+ 6! REFRIG],N1 &
FALLS BACK 6! E>? Z RA94 ,^!1 H["E1 >E
MATT]S : MAY 2 SUITABLY 3SID]$ 9 !
,PR9CIPLES ( ,41SES1 S F> Z NATURAL
PHILOSOPHY HAS ANY?+ 6SAY 6!M4
  ,X IS ! BRA9 AG-OR1 9 ANIMALS T H NO
BRA91 ! "P ANALOG\S 6X-: IS ! CAUSE (
SLEEP4 ,= EI 0*ILL+ ! BLOOD T /R1MS
UPW>DS AF FOOD1 OR 0"S O!R SIMIL>
9FLU;ES1 X PRODUCES H1VI;S 9 ! REGION 9
: X LIES 7: IS ! R1SON :Y DR[SY P]SONS
HANG ! H1D71 & CAUSES ! H1T 6ESCAPE
D[NW>DS 9 -PANY )! BLOOD4 ,X IS !
A3UMUL,N ( ? 9 EXCESS 9 ! L[] REGION T
PRODUCES -PLETE SLEEP1 TAK+ AWAY ! P[] (
/&+ UP"R F ^? ANIMALS 6:OM T PO/URE IS
NATURAL1 & F ! RE/ ! P[] ( HOLD+ UP !
H1D4 ,^!1 H["E1 >E MATT]S : H BE5
SEP>ATELY 3SID]$ 9 ! TR1TISES ON ,S5S,N
& ON ,SLEEP4
  ,T ! BRA9 IS A -P.D ( E>? & WAT] IS
%[N 0:AT O3URS :5 X IS BOIL$4 ,=1 :5 S
TR1T$1 X TURNS H>D & SOLID1 9ASM* Z !
WAT] IS EVAPORAT$ 0! H1T1 & L1VES ! E>?Y
"P 2H4 ,J ! SAME O3URS :5 PULSE & O!R
FRUITS >E BOIL$4 ,= ^! AL >E H>D5$ 0!
PROCESS1 2C ! WAT] : 5T]S 96_! -POSI;N
IS DRIV5 (F & L1VES ! E>?1 : IS _! MA9
3/ITU5T1 2H4
  ,( ALL ANIMALS1 MAN HAS ! L>GE/ BRA9 9
PROPOR;N 6HIS SIZE2 & X IS L>G] 9 M5 ?AN
9 WOM54 ,? IS 2C ! REGION (! HE>T &(!
LUNG IS HOTT] & RI*] 9 BLOOD 9 MAN ?AN 9
ANY O!R ANIMAL2 & 9 M5 ?AN 9 WOM54 ,? AG
EXPLA9S :Y MAN1 AL"O ( ANIMALS1 /&S
ERECT4 ,=! H1T1 OV]COM+ ANY OPPOSITE
9CL9,N1 MAKES GR[? TAKE XS [N L9E (
DIREC;N1 : IS F ! C5TRE (! BODY UPW>DS4
,X IS !N Z A C.T]POISE 6HIS EXCESSIVE
H1T T 9 MAN'S BRA9 "! IS ? SUP]ABUNDANT
FLUID;Y & COLD;S2 & X IS AG [+ 6?
SUP]ABUND.E T ! CRANIAL B"O1 : "S CALL !
,BREGMA1 IS ! LA/ 62COME SOLIDIFI$2 S
L;G DOES EVAPOR,N 3T9UE 6O3UR "? X "U !
9FLU;E ( H1T4 ,MAN IS ! ONLY SANGU9E\S
ANIMAL 9 : ? TAKES PLACE4 ,MAN1 AG1 HAS
M SUTURES 9 8 SKULL ?AN ANY O!R ANIMAL1
&! MALE M ?AN ! FEMALE4 ,! EXPLAN,N IS
AG 6BE F.D 9 ! GRT] SIZE (! BRA91 :
DEM&S FREE V5TIL,N1 PROPOR;NATE 6XS
BULK4 ,= IF ! BRA9 2 EI TOO FLUID OR TOO
SOLID1 X W N P]=M XS (FICE1 B 9 ! "O
CASE W FREEZE ! BLOOD1 & 9 ! O!R W N
COOL X AT ALL2 & ?US W CAUSE 41SE1
MAD;S1 & D1?4 ,=! C>DIAC H1T &! C5TRE (
LIFE IS MO/ DELICATE 9 XS SYMPA?IES1 &
IS IMMLY S5SITIVE 6! SLI<TE/ *ANGE OR
A6EC;N (! BLOOD ON ! \T] SURFACE (!
BRA94
  ,! FLUIDS : >E PRES5T 9 ! ANIMAL BODY
AT ! "T ( BIR? H N[ NE>LY ALL BE5
3SID]$4 ,AM;G/ ^? T APPE> ONLY AT A LAT]
P]IOD >E ! RESIDUA (! FOOD1 : 9CLUDE !
DEPOSITS (! BELLY & AL ^? (! BLA4]4 ,2SS
^! "! IS ! SEM5 &! MILK1 "O OR ! O!R ( :
MAKES XS APPE>.E 9 APPROPRIATE ANIMALS4
,( ^! FLUIDS ! EXCRE;TAL RESIDUA (! FOOD
MAY 2 SUITABLY 4CUSS$ 0!MVS1 :5 WE -E
6EXAM9E & 3SID] ! SUBJECT ( NUTRI;N4 ,!N
W 2 ! "T 6EXPLA9 9 :AT ANIMALS !Y >E
F.D1 & :AT >E ! R1SONS = _! PRES;E4
,SIMIL>LY ALL "QS 3C]N+ ! SEM5 &! MILK
MAY 2 D1LT ) 9 ! TR1TISE ON ,G5],N1 =!
=M] ( ^! FLUIDS IS ! V />T+-PO9T (!
G5]ATIVE PROCESS1 &! LATT] HAS NO O!R
GR.D ( EXI/;E ?AN G5]ATIVE PURPOSES4

                   #H

  ,WE H N[ 63SID] ! REMA9+ HOMOG5E\S
"PS1 & W 2G9 ) FLE%1 &)! SUB/.E T1 9
ANIMALS T H NO FLE%1 TAKES XS PLACE4 ,!
R1SON = S 2G9N+ IS T FLE% =MS ! V BASIS
( ANIMALS1 & IS ! ESS5TIAL 3/ITU5T ( _!
BODY4 ,XS "R 6? PREC$;E C AL 2
DEMON/RAT$ LOGIC,Y4 ,= AN ANIMAL IS 0\R
DEF9I;N "S?+ T HAS S5SIBIL;Y & *IEF (
ALL ! PRIM>Y S5SIBIL;Y1 : IS T ( ,T\*2 &
X IS ! FLE%1 OR ANALOG\S SUB/.E1 : IS !
ORGAN ( ? S5SE4 ,& X IS ! ORGAN1 EI 9 !
SAME WAY Z ! PUPIL IS ! ORGAN ( SI<T1 T
IS X 3/ITUTES ! PRIM>Y ORGAN (! S5SE2 OR
X IS ! ORGAN &! M$IUM "? : ! OBJECT ACTS
-B9$1 T IS X ANSW]S 6! PUPIL )! :OLE
TRANSP>5T M$IUM ATTA*$ 6X4 ,N[ 9 ! CASE
(! O!R S5SES X 0 IMPOSSI# = NATURE
6UNITE ! M$IUM )! S5SE-ORGAN1 NOR WD S*
A JUNC;N H S]V$ ANY PURPOSE2 B 9 ! CASE
( T\* %E 0 -PELL$ 0NECESS;Y 6D S4 ,=(
ALL ! S5SE-ORGANS T ( T\* IS ! ONLY "O T
HAS CORPOR1L SUB/.E1 OR AT ANY RATE X IS
M CORPOR1L ?AN ANY O!R1 & XS M$IUM M/ 2
CORPOR1L L XF4
  ,X IS OBVI\S AL 6S5SE T X IS =! SAKE (
! FLE% T ALL ! O!R "PS EXI/4 ,0! O!R "PS
,I M1N ! B"OS1 ! SK91 ! S9EWS1 &! BLOOD-
VESSELS1 &1 AG1 ! HAIR &! V>I\S K9DS (
NAILS1 & ANY?+ ELSE "! MAY 2 (A L "*4
,?US ! B"OS >E A 3TRIV.E 6GIVE SECUR;Y
6! S(T "PS1 6: PURPOSE !Y >E ADAPT$ 0_!
H>D;S2 & 9 ANIMALS T H NO B"OS ! SAME
(FICE IS FULFILL$ 0"S ANALOG\S SUB/.E1 Z
0FI%SP9E 9 "S FI%ES1 & 0C>TILAGE 9 O!RS4
  ,N[ 9 "S ANIMALS ? SUPPORT+ SUB/.E IS
SITUAT$ )9 ! BODY1 :ILE 9 "S (! BLOOD.S
SPECIES X IS PLAC$ ON ! \TSIDE4 ,! LATT]
IS ! CASE 9 ALL ! ,CRU/ACEA1 Z ! ,C>C9I
7,CRABS7 &! ,C>ABI 7,PRICKLY ,LOB/]S72 X
IS ! CASE AL 9 ! ,TE/ACEA1 Z = 9/.E 9 !
S"EAL SPECIES "KN 0! G5]AL "N ( OY/]S4
,= 9 ALL ^! ANIMALS ! FLE%Y SUB/.E IS
)91 &! E>?Y MATT]1 : HOLDS ! S(T "PS TGR
& KEEPS !M F 9JURY1 IS ON ! \TSIDE4 ,=!
%ELL N ONLY 5A#S ! S(T "PS 6HOLD TGR1 B
AL1 Z ! ANIMAL IS BLOOD.S & S HAS B LL
NATURAL W>M?1 SURR.DS X1 Z A *AU6]ETTE
DOES ! EMB]S1 & KEEPS 9 ! SM\LD]+ H1T4
,SIMIL> 6? SEEMS 6BE ! >RANGE;T 9 ANO!R
& 4T9CT TRIBE ( ANIMALS1 "NLY !
,TORTOISES1 9CLUD+ ! ,*EL"O &! S"EAL
K9DS ( ,EMYS4 ,B 9 ,9SECTS & 9
,CEPHALOPODS ! PLAN IS 5TIRELY DI6]5T1
"! 2+ MOREOV] A 3TRA/ 2T ^! TWO !MVS4 ,=
9 NEI ( ^! DOES "! APPE> 6BE ANY BONY OR
E>?Y "P1 WOR?Y ( NOTICE1 4T9CTLY SEP>AT$
F ! RE/ (! BODY4 ,?US 9 ! ,CEPHALOPODS !
MA9 BULK (! BODY 3SI/S (A S(T FLE%-L
SUB/.E1 OR R (A SUB/.E : IS 9T]M$IATE
6FLE% & S9EW1 S Z N 6BE S R1DILY
DE/RUCTI# Z ACTUAL FLE%4 ,I CALL ?
SUB/.E 9T]M$IATE 6FLE% & S9EW1 2C X IS
S(T L ! =M]1 :ILE X ADMITS ( /RET*+ L !
LATT]4 ,XS CL1VAGE1 H["E1 IS S* T X
SPLITS N L;GITUD9,Y1 L S9EW1 B 96CIRCUL>
SEG;TS1 ? 2+ ! MO/ ADVANTAGE\S 3DI;N1 S
F> Z /R5G? IS 3C]N$4 ,^! ANIMALS H AL A
"P 9SIDE !M CORRESPOND+ 6! SP9\S B"OS (
FI%ES4 ,= 9/.E1 9 ! ,CUTTLE-FI%ES "! IS
:AT IS "KN Z ! OS SEPIAE1 & 9 !
,CALAM>IES "! IS ! S-CALL$ GLADIUS4 ,9 !
,P\LPS1 ON ! O!R H&1 "! IS NO S* 9T]NAL
"P1 2C ! BODY1 OR1 Z X IS T]M$ 9 !M1 !
H1D1 =MS B A %ORT SAC1 ":AS X IS (
3SID]A# L5G? 9 ! O!R TWO2 & X 0 ? L5G? :
L$ NATURE 6ASSIGN 6!M _! H>D SUPPORT1 S
Z 65SURE _! /RAI<T;S & 9FLEXIBIL;Y2 J Z
%E HAS ASSIGN$ 6SANGU9E\S ANIMALS _!
B"OS OR _! FI%-SP9ES1 Z ! CASE MAY BE4
,6-E N[ 6,9SECTS4 ,9 ^! ! >RANGE;T IS Q
DI6]5T F T (! ,CEPHALOPODS2 Q DI6]5T AL
F T : OBTA9S 9 SANGU9E\S ANIMALS1 Z 9DE$
HAS BE5 ALR /AT$4 ,= 9 AN 9SECT "! IS NO
4T9C;N 96S(T & H>D "PS1 B ! :OLE BODY IS
H>D1 ! H>D;S1 H["E1 2+ ( S* A "* Z 6BE M
FLE%-L ?AN B"O1 & M E>?Y & B"O-L ?AN
FLE%4 ,! PURPOSE ( ? IS 6MAKE ! BODY (!
9SECT LESS LIA# 6GET BROK5 96PIECES4
                   #I

  ,"! IS A RESEMBL.E 2T ! OSSE\S &!
VASCUL> SY/EMS2 = EA* HAS A C5TRAL "P 9
: X 2G9S1 & EA* =MS A 3T9U\S :OLE4 ,= NO
B"O 9 ! BODY EXI/S Z A SEP>ATE ?+ 9 XF1
B EA* IS EI A POR;N ( :AT MAY 2 3SID]$ A
3T9U\S :OLE1 OR AT ANY RATE IS L9K$ )!
RE/ 03TACT & 0ATTA*;TS2 S T NATURE MAY
USE ADJO9+ B"OS EI Z ?\< !Y 7 ACTU,Y
3T9U\S & =M$ A S+LE B"O1 OR1 = PURPOSES
( FLEXURE1 Z ?\< !Y 7 TWO & 4T9CT4 ,&
SIMIL>LY NO BLOOD-VESSEL HAS 9 XF A
SEP>ATE 9DIVIDUAL;Y2 B !Y ALL =M "PS (
"O :OLE4 ,= AN ISOLAT$ B"O1 IF S* "!
W]E1 WD 9 ! F/ PLACE 2 UNA# 6P]=M !
(FICE =! SAKE ( : B"OS EXI/2 =1 7 X
4CONT9U\S & SEP>AT$ F ! RE/ 0A GAP1 X WD
2 P]FECTLY UNA# 6PRODUCE EI FLEXURE OR
EXT5.N2 NOR ONLY S1 B X WD ACTU,Y 2
9JURI\S1 ACT+ L A ?ORN OR AN >R[ LODG$ 9
! FLE%4 ,SIMIL>LY IF A VESSEL 7 ISOLAT$1
& N 3T9U\S )! VASCUL> C5TRE1 X WD 2 UNA#
6RETA9 ! BLOOD )9 X 9 A PROP] /ATE4 ,= X
IS ! W>M? DERIV$ F ? C5TRE T H9D]S !
BLOOD F COAGULAT+2 9DE$ ! BLOOD1 :5
)DRAWN F XS 9FLU;E1 2COMES MANIFE/LY
PUTRID4 ,N[ ! C5TRE OR ORIG9 (! BLOOD-
VESSELS IS ! HE>T1 &! C5TRE OR ORIG9 (!
B"OS1 9 ALL ANIMALS T H B"OS1 IS :AT IS
CALL$ ! *9E4 ,) ? ALL ! O!R B"OS (! BODY
>E 9 3T9U;Y2 = X IS ! *9E T HOLDS TGR !
:OLE L5G? ( AN ANIMAL & PRES]VES XS
/RAI<T;S4 ,B S9CE X IS NEC T ! BODY ( AN
ANIMAL % B5D DUR+ LOCOMO;N1 ? *9E1 :ILE
X IS "O 9 VIRTUE (! 3T9U;Y ( XS "PS1 YET
XS DIVI.N 96V]TEBRAE IS MADE 63SI/ ( _M
SEG;TS4 ,X IS F ? *9E T ! B"OS (! LIMBS1
9 S* ANIMALS Z H ^! "PS1 PROCE$1 &) X !Y
>E 3T9U\S1 2+ FA/5$ TGR 0! S9EWS ": !
LIMBS ADMIT ( FLEXURE1 & HAV+ _!
EXTREMITIES ADAPT$ 6EA* O!R1 EI 0! "O 2+
HOLL[$ &! O!R R.D$1 OR 0BO? 2+ HOLL[$ &
9CLUD+ 2T !M A HUCKLEB"O1 Z A 3NECT+
BOLT1 S Z 6ALL[ ( FLEXURE & EXT5.N4 ,=
)\T "S S* >RANGE;T ^! MOVE;TS WD 2
UTT]LY IMPOSSI#1 OR AT ANY RATE WD 2
P]=M$ ) GRT DI6ICULTY4 ,"! >E "S JO9TS1
AG1 9 : ! L[] 5D (! "O B"O &! UPP] 5D (!
O!R >E ALIKE 9 %APE4 ,9 ^! CASES ! B"OS
>E B.D TGR 0S9EWS1 & C>TILAG9\S PIECES
>E 9T]POS$ 9 ! JO9T1 6S]VE Z A K9D (
PA4+1 & PREV5T ! TWO EXTREMITIES F GRAT+
AG/ EA* O!R4
  ,R.D AB ! B"OS1 & ATTA*$ 6!M 0?9
FIBR\S B&S1 GR[ ! FLE%Y "PS1 =! SAKE ( :
! B"OS !MVS EXI/4 ,= J Z AN >TI/1 :5 HE
IS M\LD+ AN ANIMAL \ ( CLAY OR O!R S(T
SUB/.E1 TAKES F/ "S SOLID BODY Z A
BASIS1 & R.D ? M\LDS ! CLAY1 S AL HAS
NATURE ACT$ 9 FA%ION+ ! ANIMAL BODY \ (
FLE%4 ,?US WE F9D ALL ! FLE%Y "PS1 ) "O
EXCEP;N1 SUPPORT$ 0B"OS1 : S]VE1 :5 !
"PS >E ORGANS ( MO;N1 6FACILITATE
FLEXURE1 &1 :5 ! "PS >E MO;N.S1 ACT Z A
PROTEC;N4 ,! RIBS1 = EXAMPLE1 : 5CLOSE !
*E/ >E 9T5D$ 65SURE ! SAFETY (! HE>T &
NEI<B\R+ VISC]A4 ,! EXCEP;N ( : M5;N 0
MADE IS ! BELLY4 ,! WALLS ( ? >E 9 ALL
ANIMALS DEVOID ( B"OS2 9 ORD] T "! MAY 2
NO H9DR.E 6! EXPAN.N : NECESS>ILY O3URS
9 ? "P AF A M1L1 NOR1 9 FEMALES1 ANY
9T]F];E )! GR[? (! FOETUS1 : IS LODG$
"H4
  ,N[ ! B"OS ( VIVIP>\S ANIMALS1 ( S*1 T
IS1 Z >E N M]ELY EXT]N,Y B AL 9T]N,Y
VIVIP>\S1 V>Y B V LL F EA* O!R 9 PO9T (
/R5G?1 : 9 ALL ( !M IS 3SID]A#4 ,=!
,VIVIP>A 9 _! BODILY PROPOR;NS >E F> ABV
O!R ANIMALS1 & _M ( !M O3A.N,Y GR[ 6AN
ENORM\S SIZE1 Z IS ! CASE 9 ,LIBYA & 9
HOT & DRY C.TRIES G5],Y4 ,B ! GRT] !
BULK ( AN ANIMAL1 ! /R;G]1 ! BI7]1 &!
H>D]1 >E ! SUPPORTS : X REQUIRES2 & -P>+
! BIG ANIMALS ) EA* O!R1 ? REQUIRE;T W 2
MO/ M>K$ 9 ^? T LIVE A LIFE ( RAP9E4
,?US X IS T ! B"OS ( MALES >E H>D] ?AN
^? ( FEMALES2 &! B"OS ( FLE%-EAT]S1 T
GET _! FOOD 0FI<T+1 >E H>D] ?AN ^? (
,H]BIVORA4 ,( ? ! ,LION IS AN EXAMPLE2 =
S H>D >E XS B"OS1 T1 :5 /RUCK1 !Y GIVE
(F SP>KS1 Z ?\< !Y 7 /"OS4 ,X MAY 2
M5;N$ AL T ! ,DOLPH91 9 Z M* Z X IS
VIVIP>\S1 IS PROVID$ ) B"OS & N ) FI%-
SP9ES4
  ,9 ^? SANGU9E\S ANIMALS1 ON ! O!R H&1
T >E OVIP>\S1 ! B"OS PRES5T SU3ESSIVE
SLI<T V>I,NS ( "*4 ,?US 9 ,BIRDS "! >E
B"OS1 B ^! >E N S /R;G Z ! B"OS (!
,VIVIP>A4 ,!N -E ! ,OVIP>\S FI%ES1 ": "!
IS NO B"O1 B M]ELY FI%-SP9E4 ,9 !
,S]P5TS TOO ! B"OS H ! "* ( FI%-SP9E1
EXCEPT+ 9 ! V L>GE SPECIES1 ": ! SOLID
F.D,N (! BODY REQUIRES 6BE /R;G]1 9 ORD]
T ! ANIMAL XF MAY 2 /R;G1 ! SAME R1SON
PREVAIL+ Z 9 ! CASE (! ,VIVIP>A4 ,LA/LY1
9 ! ,SELA*IA1 Z !Y >E CALL$1 ! FI%-SP9ES
>E REPLAC$ 0C>TILAGE4 ,= X IS NEC T !
MOVE;TS ( ^! ANIMALS % 2 ( AN UNDULAT+
"*2 & ? AG REQUIRES ! FRAME"W T SUPPORTS
! BODY 6BE MADE (A PLIA# & N (A BRITTLE
SUB/.E4 ,MOREOV]1 9 ^! ,SELA*IA NATURE
HAS US$ ALL ! E>?Y MATT] ON ! SK92 & %E
IS UNA# 6ALLOT 6_M DI6]5T "PS "O &! SAME
SUP]FLU;Y ( MAT]IAL4 ,EV5 9 VIVIP>\S
ANIMALS _M (! B"OS >E C>TILAG9\S4 ,?
HAPP5S 9 ^? "PS ": X IS 6! ADVANTAGE (!
SURR.D+ FLE% T XS SOLID BASE % 2 S(T &
MUCILAG9\S4 ,S*1 = 9/.E1 IS ! CASE )!
E>S & NO/RILS2 = 9 PROJECT+ "PS1 S* Z
^!1 BRITTLE SUB/.ES WD SOON GET BROK54
,C>TILAGE & B"O >E 9DE$ FUNDA;T,Y ! SAME
?+1 ! DI6];ES 2T !M 2+ M]ELY MATT]S (
DEGREE4 ,?US NEI C>TILAGE NOR B"O1 :5
ONCE CUT (F1 GR[S AG4 ,N[ ! C>TILAGES (
^! L& ANIMALS >E )\T M>R[1 T IS )\T ANY
4T9CTLY SEP>ATE M>R[4 ,=! M>R[1 : 9 B"OS
IS 4T9CTLY SEP>ATE1 IS "H MIX$ UP )!
:OLE MASS1 & GIVES A S(T & MUCILAG9\S
3SI/;E 6! C>TILAGE4 ,B 9 ! ,SELA*IA !
*9E1 ?\< X IS C>TILAG9\S1 YET 3TA9S
M>R[2 = "H X /&S 9 ! /1D (A B"O4
  ,V NE>LY RESEMBL+ ! B"OS 6! T\* >E S*
"PS Z NAILS1 HO(S1 :E!R SOLID OR CLOV51
HORNS1 &! B1KS ( BIRDS1 ALL ( : >E 9T5D$
6S]VE Z M1NS ( DEF;E4 ,=! ORGANS : >E
MADE \ ( ^! SUB/.ES1 & : >E CALL$ 0!
SAME "NS Z ! SUB/.ES !MVS1 ! ORGAN HO(1
= 9/.E1 &! ORGAN HORN1 >E 3TRIV.ES
65SURE ! PRES]V,N (! ANIMALS 6: !Y S"E,Y
2L;G4 ,9 ? CLASS TOO M/ 2 RECKON$ !
TEE?1 : 9 "S ANIMALS H B A S+LE FUNC;N1
"NLY ! MA/IC,N (! FOOD1 :ILE 9 O!RS !Y H
AN A4I;NAL (FICE1 "NLY 6S]VE Z W1PONS2 Z
IS ! CASE ) ALL ANIMALS T H %>P 9T]FITT+
TEE? OR T H TUSKS4 ,ALL ^! "PS >E
NECESS>ILY ( SOLID & E>?Y "*2 =! VALUE (
A W1PON DEP5DS ON S* PROP]TIES4 ,_! E>?Y
"* EXPLA9S H[ X IS T ALL S* "PS >E M
DEVELOP$ 9 F\R-FOOT$ VIVIP>A ?AN 9 MAN4
,= "! IS ALW M E>? 9 ! -POSI;N ( ^!
ANIMALS ?AN 9 T (! HUMAN BODY4 ,H["E1 N
ONLY ALL ^! "PS B S* O!RS Z >E NE>LY
3NECT$ ) !M1 SK9 = 9/.E1 BLA4]1
MEMBRANE1 HAIRS1 F1!RS1 & _! ANALOGUES1
& ANY O!R SIMIL> "PS T "! MAY BE1 W 2
3SID]$ F>!R ON )! HET]OG5E\S "PS4 ,"! WE
% 9QUIRE 96! CAUSES : PRODUCE !M1 & 96!
OBJECTS ( _! PRES;E S"E,Y 9 ! BODIES (
ANIMALS4 ,=1 Z )! HET]OG5E\S "PS1 S )
^!1 X IS F A 3SID],N ( _! FUNC;NS T AL"O
WE C DERIVE ANY K ( !M4 ,! R1SON = D1L+
) !M AT ALL 9 ? "P (! TR1TISE1 &
CLASSIFY+ !M )! HOMOG5E\S "PS1 IS T "U
"O &! SAME "N >E 3F.D$ ! 5TIRE ORGANS &!
SUB/.ES ( : !Y >E -POS$4 ,B ( ALL ^!
SUB/.ES FLE% & B"O =M ! BASIS4 ,SEM5 &
MILK 7 AL PASS$ OV] :5 WE 7 3SID]+ !
HOMOG5E\S FLUIDS4 ,=! TR1TISE ON ,G5],N
W AF=D A M SUITA# PLACE = _! EXAM9,N1
SEE+ T ! =M] (! TWO IS ! V F.D,N (! ?+
G5]AT$1 :ILE ! LATT] IS XS N\RI%;T4

                  #AJ

  ,LET U N[ MAKE1 Z X W]E1 A FRE% 2G9N+1
& 3SID] ! HET]OG5E\S "PS1 TAK+ ^? F/ :
>E ! F/ 9 IMPORT.E4 ,= 9 ALL ANIMALS1 AT
L1/ 9 ALL ! P]FECT K9DS1 "! >E TWO "PS M
ESS5TIAL ?AN ! RE/1 "NLY ! "P : S]VES =!
9GES;N ( FOOD1 &! "P : S]VES =! 4*>GE (
XS RESIDUE4 ,= )\T FOOD GR[? & EV5
EXI/;E IS IMPOSSI#4 ,9T]V5+ AG 2T ^! TWO
"PS "! IS 9V>IABLY A ?IRD1 9 : IS LODG$
! VITAL PR9CIPLE4 ,Z = PLANTS1 ?\< !Y AL
>E 9CLUD$ 0U AM;G ?+S T H LIFE1 YET >E
!Y )\T ANY "P =! 4*>GE ( WA/E RESIDUE4
,=! FOOD : !Y ABSORB F ! GR.D IS ALR
3COCT$1 & !Y GIVE (F Z XS EQUIVAL5T _!
SE$S & FRUITS4 ,PLANTS1 AG1 9ASM* Z !Y
>E )\T LOCOMO;N1 PRES5T NO GRT V>IETY 9
_! HET]OG5E\S "PS4 ,=1 ": ! FUNC;NS >E B
FEW1 FEW AL >E ! ORGANS REQUIR$ 6E6ECT
!M4 ,! 3FIGUR,N ( PLANTS IS A MATT] !N =
SEP>ATE 3SID],N4 ,ANIMALS1 H["E1 T N
ONLY LIVE B FEEL1 PRES5T A GRT]
MULTI=M;Y ( "PS1 & ? DIV]S;Y IS GRT] 9
"S ANIMALS ?AN 9 O!RS1 2+ MO/ V>I$ 9 ^?
6^: %>E HAS FALL5 N M]E LIFE B LIFE (
HI< DEGREE4 ,N[ S* AN ANIMAL IS MAN4 ,=(
ALL LIV+ 2+S ) : WE >E ACQUA9T$ MAN AL"O
P>TAKES (! DIV9E1 OR AT ANY RATE P>TAKES
( X 9 A FULL] M1SURE ?AN ! RE/4 ,= ?
R1SON1 !N1 & AL 2C 8 EXT]NAL "PS & _!
=MS >E M FAMILI> 6U ?AN ^? ( O!R
ANIMALS1 WE M/ SP1K ( MAN F/2 & ? ! M
FITLY1 2C 9 HM AL"O D ! NATURAL "PS HOLD
! NATURAL POSI;N2 8 UPP] "P 2+ TURN$
T[>DS T : IS UPP] 9 ! UNIV]SE4 ,=1 ( ALL
ANIMALS1 MAN AL"O /&S ERECT4
  ,9 MAN1 !N1 ! H1D IS DE/ITUTE ( FLE%2
? 2+ ! NEC 3SEQU;E ( :AT HAS ALR BE5
/AT$ 3C]N+ ! BRA94 ,"! >E1 9DE$1 "S :O
HOLD T ! LIFE ( MAN-WD 2 L;G] ?AN X IS1
7 8 H1D M ABUNDANTLY FURNI%$ ) FLE%2 &
!Y A3.T =! ABS;E ( ? SUB/.E 0SAY+ T X IS
9T5D$ 6ADD 6! P]FEC;N ( S5S,N4 ,=! BRA9
!Y ASS]T 6BE ! ORGAN ( S5S,N2 & S5S,N1
!Y SAY1 _C P5ETRATE 6"PS T >E TOO ?ICKLY
COV]$ ) FLE%4 ,B NEI "P ( ? /ATE;T IS
TRUE4 ,ON ! 3TR>Y1 7 ! REGION (! BRA9
?ICKLY COV]$ ) FLE%1 ! V PURPOSE = :
ANIMALS >E PROVID$ )A BRA9 WD 2 DIRECTLY
3TRAV5$4 ,=! BRA9 WD XF 2 H1T$ 6EXCESS &
S UNA# 6COOL ANY O!R "P2 &1 Z 6! O!R
HALF ( _! /ATE;T1 ! BRA9 _C 2 ! CAUSE (
ANY (! S5S,NS1 SEE+ T X IS XF Z UTT]LY
)\T FEEL+ Z ANY "O (! EXCRE;NS4 ,^!
WRIT]S SEE T C]TA9 (! S5SES >E LOCAT$ 9
! H1D1 & >E UNA# 64C]N ! R1SON = ?2 !Y
SEE AL T ! BRA9 IS ! MO/ PECULI> ( ALL !
ANIMAL ORGANS2 & \ ( ^! FACTS !Y =M AN
>GU;T1 0: !Y L9K S5S,N & BRA9 TGR4 ,X
HAS1 H["E1 ALR BE5 CLE>LY SET =? 9 !
TR1TISE ON ,S5S,N1 T X IS ! REGION (!
HE>T T 3/ITUTES ! S5SORY C5TRE4 ,"! AL X
0 /AT$ T TWO (! S5SES1 "NLY T\* & TA/E1
>E MANIFE/LY 9 IMM 3NEXION )! HE>T2 & T
Z REG>DS ! O!R ?REE1 "NLY HE>+1 SI<T1 &!
C5TR,Y PLAC$ S5SE ( SMELL1 X IS ! "* (
_! S5SE-ORGANS : CAUSES !M 6BE LODG$ Z A
RULE 9 ! H1D4 ,VI.N IS S PLAC$ 9 ALL
ANIMALS4 ,B S* IS N 9V>IABLY ! CASE )
HE>+ OR ) SMELL4 ,= FI%ES &! L HE> &
SMELL1 & YET H NO VISI# ORGANS = ^!
S5SES 9 ! H1D2 A FACT : DEMON/RATES !
A3URACY (! OP9ION "H MA9TA9$4 ,N[ T
VI.N1 :5"E X EXI/S1 %D 2 9 ! NEI<B\RHOOD
(! BRA9 IS B :AT "O WD R,N,Y EXPECT4 ,=!
BRA9 IS FLUID & COLD1 & VI.N IS (!
NATURE ( WAT]1 WAT] 2+ ( ALL TRANSP>5T
SUB/.ES ! "O MO/ EASILY 3F9$4 ,MOREOV] X
_C B NECESS>ILY 2 T ! M PRECISE S5SES W
H _! PRECI.N R5D]$ / GRT] IF M9I/]$
60"PS T H ! PURE/ BLOOD4 ,=! MO;N (! H1T
( BLOOD DE/ROYS S5SORY ACTIV;Y4 ,= ^!
R1SONS ! ORGANS (! PRECISE S5SES >E
LODG$ 9 ! H1D4
  ,X IS N ONLY ! =E "P (! H1D T IS
DE/ITUTE ( FLE%1 B ! H9D "P AL4 ,=1 9
ALL ANIMALS T H A H1D1 X IS ? H1D : M
?AN ANY O!R "P REQUIRES 6BE HELD UP4 ,B1
7 ! H1D H1VILY LAD5 ) FLE%1 ? WD 2
IMPOSSI#2 = NO?+ S BURD5$ C 2 HELD UP"R4
,? IS AN A4I;NAL PRO( T ! ABS;E ( FLE% F
! H1D HAS NO REF];E 6BRA9 S5S,N4 ,= "!
IS NO BRA9 9 ! H9D] "P (! H1D1 & YET ?
IS Z M* )\T FLE% Z IS ! FRONT4
  ,9 "S ANIMALS HE>+ Z WELL Z VI.N IS
LODG$ 9 ! REGION (! H1D4 ,NOR IS ? )\T A
R,NAL EXPLAN,N4 ,= :AT IS CALL$ ! EMPTY
SPACE IS FULL ( AIR1 &! ORGAN ( HE>+ IS1
Z WE SAY1 (! NATURE ( AIR4 ,N[ "! >E
*ANNELS : L1D F ! EYES 6! BLOOD-VESSELS
T SURR.D ! BRA92 & SIMIL>LY "! IS A
*ANNEL : L1DS BACK AG F EA* E> & 3NECTS
X )! H9D] "P (! H1D4 ,B NO "P T IS )\T
BLOOD IS 5D[$ ) S5S,N1 Z NEI IS ! BLOOD
XF1 B ONLY "S "O (! "PS T >E =M$ (
BLOOD4
  ,! BRA9 9 ALL ANIMALS T H "O IS PLAC$
9 ! FRONT "P (! H1D2 2C ! DIREC;N 9 :
S5S,N ACTS IS 9 FRONT2 & 2C ! HE>T1 F :
S5S,N PROCE$S1 IS 9 ! FRONT "P (! BODY2
& LA/LY 2C ! 9/RU;TS ( S5S,N >E ! BLOOD-
3TA9+ "PS1 &! CAV;Y 9 ! PO/]IOR "P (!
SKULL IS DE/ITUTE ( BLOOD-VESSELS4
  ,Z 6! POSI;N (! S5SE-ORGANS1 !Y H BE5
>RANG$ 0NATURE 9 ! FOLL[+ WELL-ORD]$
MANN]4 ,! ORGANS ( HE>+ >E S PLAC$ Z
6DIVIDE ! CIRCUMF];E (! H1D 96TWO EQUAL
HALVES2 = !Y H 6HE> N ONLY S.DS : >E
DIRECTLY 9 L9E ) !MVS1 B S.DS F ALL
QU>T]S4 ,! ORGANS ( VI.N >E PLAC$ 9
FRONT1 2C SI<T IS EX]CIS$ ONLY 9 A
/RAI<T L9E1 & MOV+ Z WE D 9 A =W>D
DIREC;N X IS NEC T WE %D SEE 2F U1 9 !
DIREC;N ( \R MO;N4 ,LA/LY1 ! ORGANS (
SMELL >E PLAC$ ) GD R1SON 2T ! EYES4 ,=
Z ! BODY 3SI/S ( TWO "PS1 A "R HALF &A
LEFT1 S AL EA* ORGAN ( S5SE IS D\#4 ,9 !
CASE ( T\* ? IS N APP>5T1 ! R1SON 2+ T !
PRIM>Y ORGAN ( ? S5SE IS N ! FLE% OR
ANALOG\S "P1 B LIES 9T]N,Y4 ,9 ! CASE (
TA/E1 : IS M]ELY A MODIFIC,N ( T\* & :
IS PLAC$ 9 ! T;GUE1 ! FACT IS M APP>5T
?AN 9 ! CASE ( T\*1 B / N S MANIFE/ Z 9
! CASE (! O!R S5SES4 ,H["E1 EV5 9 TA/E X
IS EVID5T 5\<2 = 9 "S ANIMALS ! T;GUE IS
PLA9LY =K$4 ,! D\# "* (! S5S,NS IS1
H["E1 M 3SPICU\S 9 ! O!R ORGANS ( S5SE4
,= "! >E TWO E>S & TWO EYES1 &! NO/RILS1
?\< JO9$ TGR1 >E AL TWO4 ,7 ^! LATT]
O!RWISE 4POS$1 & SEP>AT$ F EA* O!R Z >E
! E>S1 NEI !Y NOR ! NOSE 9 : !Y >E PLAC$
WD 2 A# 6P]=M _! (FICE4 ,= 9 S* ANIMALS
Z H NO/RILS OLFAC;N IS E6ECT$ 0M1NS (
9SPIR,N1 &! ORGAN ( 9SPIR,N IS PLAC$ 9
FRONT & 9 ! MI4LE L9E4 ,? IS ! R1SON :Y
NATURE HAS BR"\ ! TWO NO/RILS TGR &
PLAC$ !M Z ! C5TRAL (! ?REE S5SE-ORGANS1
SETT+ !M SIDE 0SIDE ON A LEVEL ) EA*
O!R1 6AVAIL !MVS (! 9SPIRATORY MO;N4 ,9
O!R ANIMALS ?AN MAN ! >RANGE;T ( ^!
S5SE-ORGANS IS AL S* Z IS ADAPT$ 9 EA*
CASE 6! SPECIAL REQUIRE;TS4

                  #AA

  ,= 9/.E1 9 QUADRUP$S ! E>S /& \ FREELY
F ! H1D & >E SET 6ALL APPE>.E ABV !
EYES4 ,N T !Y >E 9 R1L;Y ABV ! EYES2 B
!Y SEEM 6BE S1 2C ! ANIMAL DOES N /&
ERECT1 B HAS XS H1D HUNG D[NW>DS4 ,? 2+
! USUAL ATTITUDE (! ANIMAL :5 9 MO;N1 X
IS ( ADVANTAGE T XS E>S % 2 HI< UP &
MOVA#2 = 0TURN+ !MVS AB !Y C ! BETT]
TAKE 9 S.DS F E QU>T]4

                  #AB

  ,9 BIRDS1 ON ! O!R H&1 "! >E NO E>S1 B
ONLY ! AUDITORY PASSAGES4 ,? IS 2C _!
SK9 IS H>D & 2C !Y H F1!RS 9/1D ( HAIRS1
S T !Y H N GOT ! PROP] MAT]IAL =! =M,N (
E>S4 ,EXACTLY ! SAME IS ! CASE ) S*
OVIP>\S QUADRUP$S Z >E CLAD ) SCALY
PLATES1 &! SAME EXPLAN,N APPLIES 6!M4
,"! IS AL "O (! VIVIP>\S QUADRUP$S1 "NLY
! S1L1 T HAS NO E>S B ONLY ! AUDITORY
PASSAGES4 ,! EXPLAN,N ( ? IS T ! S1L1
?\< A QUADRUP$1 IS A QUADRUP$ ( /UNT$
=M,N4

                  #AC

  ,M51 & ,BIRDS1 & ,QUADRUP$S1 VIVIP>\S
& OVIP>\S ALIKE1 H _! EYES PROTECT$
0LIDS4 ,9 ! ,VIVIP>A "! >E TWO ( ^!2 &
BO? >E US$ 0^! ANIMALS N ONLY 9 CLOS+ !
EYES1 B AL 9 ! ACT ( BL9K+2 ":AS !
OVIP>\S QUADRUP$S1 &! H1VY-BODI$ BIRDS Z
WELL Z "S O!RS1 USE ONLY ! L[] LID
6CLOSE ! EYE2 :ILE BIRDS BL9K 0M1NS (A
MEMBRANE T ISSUES F ! CAN?US4 ,! R1SON =
! EYES 2+ ?US PROTECT$ IS T NATURE HAS
MADE !M ( FLUID 3SI/5CY1 9 ORD] 65SURE
KE5;S ( VI.N4 ,= _H !Y BE5 COV]$ ) H>D
SK91 !Y WD1 X IS TRUE1 H BE5 LESS LIA#
6GET 9JUR$ 0ANY?+ FALL+ 96!M F )\T1 B !Y
WD N H BE5 %>P-SI<T$4 ,X IS !N 65SURE
KE5;S ( VI.N T ! SK9 OV] ! PUPIL IS F9E
& DELICATE2 :ILE ! LIDS >E SUP]A4$ Z A
PROTEC;N F 9JURY4 ,X IS Z A / FUR!R
SAFEGU>D T ALL ^! ANIMALS BL9K1 & MAN
MO/ ( ALL2 ? AC;N 7: IS N P]=M$ F
DELIB]ATE 9T5;N B F A NATURAL 9/9CT7
S]V+ 6KEEP OBJECTS F FALL+ 96! EYES2 &
2+ M FREQU5T 9 MAN ?AN 9 ! RE/ ( ^!
ANIMALS1 2C (! GRT] DELICACY ( 8 SK94
,^! LIDS >E MADE (A ROLL ( SK92 & X IS
2C !Y >E MADE ( SK9 & 3TA9 NO FLE% T NEI
!Y1 NOR ! SIMIL>LY 3/RUCT$ PREPUCE1
UNITE AG :5 ONCE CUT4
  ,Z 6! OVIP>\S QUADRUP$S1 & S* BIRDS Z
RESEM# !M 9 CLOS+ ! EYE )! L[] LID1 X IS
! H>D;S (! SK9 ( _! H1DS : MAKES !M D S4
,= S* BIRDS Z H H1VY BODIES >E N MADE =
FLI<T2 & S ! MAT]IALS : WD O!RWISE H G"O
69CR1SE ! GR[? (! F1!RS >E DIV]T$ ?;E1 &
US$ 6AUG;T ! ?ICK;S (! SK94 ,BIRDS "!=E
( ? K9D CLOSE ! EYE )! L[] LID2 ":AS
PIGEONS &! L USE BO? UPP] & L[] LIDS =!
PURPOSE4 ,Z BIRDS >E COV]$ ) F1!RS1 S
OVIP>\S QUADRUP$S >E COV]$ ) SCALY
PLATES2 & ^! 9 ALL _! =MS >E H>D] ?AN
HAIRS1 S T ! SK9 AL 6: !Y 2L;G IS H>D]
?AN ! SK9 ( HAIRY ANIMALS4 ,9 ^!
ANIMALS1 !N1 ! SK9 ON ! H1D IS H>D1 & S
DOES N ALL[ (! =M,N ( AN UPP] EYELID1
":AS L[] D[N ! 9TEGU;T IS (A FLE%-L "*1
S T ! L[] LID C 2 ?9 & EXT5SI#4
  ,! ACT ( BL9K+ IS P]=M$ 0! H1VY-BODI$
BIRDS 0M1NS (! MEMBRANE ALR M5;N$1 & N
0? L[] LID4 ,= 9 BL9K+ RAPID MO;N IS
REQUIR$1 & S* IS ! MO;N ( ? MEMBRANE1
":AS T (! L[] LID IS SL[4 ,X IS F !
CAN?US T IS NE>E/ 6! NO/RILS T !
MEMBRANE -ES4 ,= X IS BETT] 6H "O />T+-
PO9T = NICTIT,N ?AN TWO2 & 9 ^! BIRDS ?
/>T+-PO9T IS ! JUNC;N ( EYE & NO/RILS1
AN ANT]IOR />T+-PO9T 2+ PREF]A# 6A
LAT]AL "O4 ,OVIP>\S QUADRUP$S D N BL9K 9
L MANN] Z ! BIRDS2 =1 LIV+ Z !Y D ON !
GR.D1 !Y >E FREE F ! NECESS;Y ( HAV+
EYES ( FLUID 3SI/5CY &( KE5 SI<T1 ":AS
^! >E ESS5TIAL REQUISITES = BIRDS1 9ASM*
Z !Y H 6USE _! EYES AT L;G 4T.ES4 ,? TOO
EXPLA9S :Y BIRDS ) TALONS1 T H 6SE>* =
PREY 0EYE F AL(T1 & "!=E SO> 6GRT]
HEI<TS ?AN O!R BIRDS1 >E %>PSI<T$2 :ILE
-MON F[LS &! L1 T LIVE ON ! GR.D & >E N
MADE = FLI<T1 H NO S* KE5;S ( VI.N4 ,=
"! IS NO?+ 9 _! MODE ( LIFE :
IMP]ATIVELY REQUIRES X4
  ,FI%ES & ,9SECTS &! H>D-SK9N$
,CRU/ACEA PRES5T C]TA9 DI6];ES 9 _!
EYES1 B S F> RESEM# EA* O!R Z T N"O ( !M
H EYELIDS4 ,Z =! H>D-SK9N$ ,CRU/ACEA X
IS UTT]LY \ (! "Q T !Y %D H ANY2 = AN
EYELID1 6BE ( USE1 REQUIRES ! AC;N (!
SK9 6BE RAPID4 ,^! ANIMALS !N H NO
EYELIDS &1 9 DEFAULT ( ? PROTEC;N1 _!
EYES >E H>D1 J Z ?\< ! LID 7 ATTA*$ 6!
SURFACE (! EYE1 &! ANIMAL SAW "? X4
,9ASM*1 H["E1 Z S* H>D;S M/ NECESS>ILY
BLUNT ! %>P;S ( VI.N1 NATURE HAS 5D[$ !
EYES ( ,9SECTS1 & / M ^? ( ,CRU/ACEA1 )
MOBIL;Y 7J Z %E HAS GIV5 "S QUADRUP$S
MOVA# E>S71 9 ORD] T !Y MAY 2 A# 6TURN
6! LI<T & CAT* XS RAYS1 & S SEE M
PLA9LY4 ,FI%ES1 H["E1 H EYES (A FLUID
3SI/5CY4 ,= ANIMALS T MOVE M* AB H 6USE
_! VI.N AT 3SID]A# 4T.ES4 ,IF N[ !Y LIVE
ON L&1 ! AIR 9 : !Y MOVE IS TRANSP>5T
5\<4 ,B ! WAT] 9 : FI%ES LIVE IS A
H9DR.E 6%>P SI<T1 ?\< X HAS ? ADVANTAGE
OV] ! AIR1 T X DOES N 3TA9 S _M OBJECTS
6KNOCK AG/ ! EYES4 ,! RISK ( COLLI.N 2+
?US SMALL1 NATURE1 :O MAKES NO?+ 9 VA91
HAS GIV5 NO EYELIDS 6FI%ES1 :ILE
6C.T]BAL.E ! OPAC;Y (! WAT] %E HAS MADE
_! EYES ( FLUID 3SI/5CY4

                  #AD

  ,ALL ANIMALS T H HAIRS ON ! BODY H
LA%ES ON ! EYELIDS2 B BIRDS & ANIMALS )
SCALE-L PLATES1 2+ HAIR.S1 H N"O4 ,!
,LIBYAN O/RI*1 9DE$1 =MS AN EXCEP;N2 =1
?\< A BIRD1 X IS FURNI%$ ) EYELA%ES4 ,?
EXCEP;N1 H["E1 W 2 EXPLA9$ "HAF4 ,(
HAIRY ANIMALS1 MAN AL"O HAS LA%ES ON BO?
LIDS4 ,= 9 QUADRUP$S "! IS A GRT]
ABUND.E ( HAIR ON ! BACK ?AN ON ! "U
SIDE (! BODY2 ":AS 9 MAN ! 3TR>Y IS !
CASE1 &! HAIR IS M ABUNDANT ON ! FRONT
SURFACE ?AN ON ! BACK4 ,! R1SON = ? IS T
HAIR IS 9T5D$ 6S]VE Z A PROTEC;N 6XS
POSSESSOR4 ,N[1 9 QUADRUP$S1 [+ 6_!
9CL9$ ATTITUDE1 ! "U OR ANT]IOR SURFACE
DOES N REQUIRE S M* PROTEC;N Z ! BACK1 &
IS "!=E LEFT -P>ATIVELY BALD1 9 SPITE (
XS 2+ ! NO#R (! TWO SIDES4 ,B 9 MAN1 [+
6HIS UP"R ATTITUDE1 ! ANT]IOR & PO/]IOR
SURFACES (! BODY >E ON AN EQUAL;Y Z
REG>DS NE$ ( PROTEC;N4 ,NATURE "!=E HAS
ASSIGN$ ! PROTECTIVE COV]+ 6! NO#R (!
TWO SURFACES2 = 9V>IABLY %E BR+S AB !
BE/ >RANGE;T ( S* Z >E POSSI#4 ,? !N IS
! R1SON T "! IS NO L[] EYELA% 9 ANY
QUADRUP$2 ?\< 9 "S A FEW SCATT]$ HAIRS
SPR\T \ "U ! L[] LID4 ,? AL IS ! R1SON T
!Y N"E H HAIR 9 ! AXILLAE1 NOR ON !
PUBES1 Z MAN HAS4 ,_! HAIR1 !N1 9/1D (
2+ COLLECT$ 9 ^! "PS1 IS EI ?ICKLY SET
OV] ! :OLE DORSAL SURFACE1 Z IS ! CASE =
9/.E 9 DOGS1 OR1 "S"TS1 =MS A MANE1 Z 9
HORSES &! L1 OR Z 9 ! MALE LION ": !
MANE IS / M FL[+ & AMPLE4 ,S1 AG1 :5"E
"! IS A TAIL ( ANY L5G?1 NATURE DECKS X
) HAIR1 ) L;G HAIR IF ! /EM (! TAIL 2
%ORT1 Z 9 HORSES1 ) %ORT HAIR IF ! /EM 2
L;G1 REG>D AL 2+ _H 6! 3DI;N (! RE/ (!
BODY4 ,= NATURE 9V>IABLY GIVES 6"O "P
:AT %E SUBTRACTS F ANO!R4 ,?US :5 %E HAS
COV]$ ! G5]AL SURFACE ( AN ANIMAL'S BODY
) AN EXCESS ( HAIR1 %E L1VES A DEFICI5CY
9 ! REGION (! TAIL4 ,?1 = 9/.E1 9 ! CASE
) BE>S4
  ,NO ANIMAL HAS S M* HAIR ON ! H1D Z
MAN4 ,?1 9 ! F/ PLACE1 IS ! NEC RESULT (
! FLUID "* ( 8 BRA91 &(! PRES;E ( S _M
SUTURES 9 8 SKULL4 ,= :]"E "! IS ! MO/
FLUID &! MO/ H1T1 "! AL M/ NECESS>ILY
O3UR ! GRTE/ \TGR[?4 ,B1 SECONDLY1 !
?ICK;S (! HAIR 9 ? "P HAS A F9AL CAUSE1
2+ 9T5D$ 6PROTECT ! H1D1 0PRES]V+ X F
EXCESS ( EI H1T OR COLD4 ,& Z ! BRA9 (
MAN IS L>G] & M FLUID ?AN T ( ANY O!R
ANIMAL1 X REQUIRES A PROPOR;NATELY GRT]
AM.T ( PROTEC;N4 ,=! M FLUID A SUB/.E
IS1 ! M R1DILY DOES X GET EXCESSIVELY
H1T$ OR EXCESSIVELY *ILL$1 :ILE SUB/.ES
( AN OPPOSITE "* >E LESS LIA# 6S*
9JURI\S A6EC;NS4
  ,^!1 H["E1 >E MATT]S : 0_! CLOSE
3NEXION ) EYELA%ES H L$ U 6DIGRESS F \R
R1L TOPIC1 "NLY ! CAUSE 6: ^! LA%ES [E
_! EXI/;E4 ,WE M/ "!=E DEF] ANY FUR!R
REM>KS WE MAY H 6MAKE ON ^! MATT]S TILL
! PROP] O3A.N >ISES & !N RETURN 6_!
3SID],N4
                  #AE

  ,BO? EYEBR[S & EYELA%ES EXI/ =!
PROTEC;N (! EYES2 ! =M] T !Y MAY %ELT]
!M1 L ! EAVES (A H\SE1 F ANY FLUIDS T
TRICKLE D[N F ! H1D2 ! LATT] 6ACT L !
PALISADES : >E "S"TS PLAC$ 9 FRONT (
5CLOSURES1 & KEEP \ ANY OBJECTS : MI<T
O!RWISE GET IN4 ,! BR[S >E PLAC$ OV] !
JUNC;N ( TWO B"OS1 : IS ! R1SON T 9 OLD
AGE !Y (T5 2COME S BU%Y Z 6REQUIRE
CUTT+4 ,! LA%ES >E SET AT ! T]M9,NS (
SMALL BLOOD-VESSELS4 ,=! VESSELS -E 6AN
5D ": ! SK9 XF T]M9ATES2 &1 9 ALL PLACES
": ^! 5D+S O3UR1 ! EXUD,N ( MOI/URE (A
CORPOR1L "* NECESSITATES ! GR[? ( HAIRS1
UN.S "! 2 "S OP],N ( NATURE : 9T]F]ES1
0DIV]T+ ! MOI/URE 6ANO!R PURPOSE4

                  #AF

  ,VIVIP>\S QUADRUP$S1 Z A RULE1 PRES5T
NO GRT V>IETY ( =M 9 ! ORGAN ( SMELL4 ,9
^? ( !M1 H["E1 ^: JAWS PROJECT =W>DS &
TAP] 6A N>R[ 5D1 S Z 6=M :AT IS CALL$ A
SN\T1 ! NO/RILS >E PLAC$ 9 ? PROJEC;N1
"! 2+ NO O!R AVAILA# PLAN2 :ILE1 9 !
RE/1 "! IS A M DEF9ITE DEM>C,N 2T
NO/RILS & JAWS4 ,B 9 NO ANIMAL IS ? "P S
PECULI> Z 9 ! ELEPHANT1 ": X ATTA9S AN
EXTRAORD9>Y & /R5G?4 ,=! ELEPHANT USES
XS NO/RIL Z A H&2 ? 2+ ! 9/RU;T ) : X
3VEYS FOOD1 FLUID & SOLID ALIKE1 6XS
M\?4 ,) X1 TOO1 X TE>S UP TREES1 COIL+ X
R.D _! /EMS4 ,9 FACT X APPLIES X G5],Y
6! PURPOSES (A H&4 ,=! ELEPHANT HAS !
D\# "* (A L& ANIMAL1 &( "O T LIVES 9
SWAMPS4 ,SEE+ !N T X HAS 6GET XS FOOD F
! WAT]1 & YET M/ NECESS>ILY BR1!1 9ASM*
Z X IS A L& ANIMAL & HAS BLOOD2 SEE+1
AL1 T XS EXCESSIVE WEI<T PREV5TS X F
PASS+ RAPIDLY F WAT] 6L&1 Z "S O!R
SANGU9E\S VIVIP>A T BR1! C D1 X 2COMES
NEC T X % 2 SUIT$ ALIKE = LIFE 9 ! WAT]
&= LIFE ON DRY L&4 J !N Z DIV]S >E "S"TS
PROVID$ ) 9/RU;TS = RESPIR,N1 "? : !Y C
DRAW AIR F ABV ! WAT]1 & ?US MAY REMA9 =
A L;G "T "U ! SEA1 S AL H ELEPHANTS BE5
FURNI%$ 0NATURE ) _! L5G!N$ NO/RIL2 &1
:5"E !Y H 6TRAV]SE ! WAT]1 !Y LIFT ? UP
ABV ! SURFACE & BR1! "? X4 ,=!
ELEPHANT'S PROBOSCIS1 Z ALR SD1 IS A
NO/RIL4 ,N[ X WD H BE5 IMPOSSI# = ?
NO/RIL 6H ! =M (A PROBOSCIS1 _H X BE5
H>D & 9CAPA# ( B5D+4 ,= XS V L5G? WD !N
H PREV5T$ ! ANIMAL F SUPPLY+ XF ) FOOD1
2+ Z GRT AN IMP$I;T Z ! ( C]TA9 OX51 T
>E SD 6BE OBLIG$ 6WALK BACKW>DS :ILE !Y
>E GRAZ+4 ,X IS "!=E S(T & FLEXI#1 &1 2+
S*1 IS MADE1 9 A4I;N 6XS [N PROP]
FUNC;NS1 6S]VE ! (FICE (! =E-FEET2
NATURE 9 ? FOLL[+ H] WONT$ PLAN ( US+ "O
&! SAME "P = S"EAL PURPOSES4 ,= 9
POLYDACTYL\S QUADRUP$S ! =E-FEET >E
9T5D$ N M]ELY 6SUPPORT ! WEI<T (! BODY1
B 6S]VE Z H&S4 ,B 9 ELEPHANTS1 ?\< !Y M/
2 RECKON$ POLYDACTYL\S1 Z _! FOOT HAS
NEI CLOV5 NOR SOLID HO(1 ! =E-FEET1 [+
6! GRT SIZE & WEI<T (! BODY1 >E REDUC$
6! 3DI;N ( M]E SUPPORTS2 & 9DE$ _! SL[
MO;N & UNFIT;S = B5D+ MAKE !M USE.S =
ANY O!R PURPOSE4 ,A NO/RIL1 !N1 IS GIV5
6! ELEPHANT = RESPIR,N1 Z 6E O!R ANIMAL
T HAS A LUNG1 & IS L5G!N$ \ & 5D[$ ) XS
P[] ( COIL+ 2C ! ANIMAL HAS 6REMA9 =
3SID]A# P]IODS ( "T 9 ! WAT]1 & IS UNA#
6PASS ?;E 6DRY GR.D ) ANY RAPID;Y4 ,B Z
! FEET >E %ORN ( _! FULL (FICE1 ? SAME
"P IS AL1 Z ALR SD1 MADE 0NATURE 6SUPPLY
_! PLACE1 & GIVE S* HELP Z O!RWISE WD 2
R5D]$ 0!M4
  ,Z 6O!R SANGU9E\S ANIMALS1 ! ,BIRDS1 !
,S]P5TS1 &! ,OVIP>\S QUADRUP$S1 9 ALL (
!M "! >E ! NO/RIL-HOLES1 PLAC$ 9 FRONT (
! M\?2 B 9 N"O >E "! ANY 4T9CTLY =M$
NO/RILS1 NO?+ 9 FACT : C 2 CALL$ NO/RILS
EXCEPT F A FUNC;NAL PO9T ( VIEW4 ,A BIRD
AT ANY RATE HAS NO?+ : C PROP]LY 2 CALL$
A NOSE4 ,= XS S-CALL$ B1K IS A SUB/ITUTE
= JAWS4 ,! R1SON = ? IS 6BE F.D 9 !
NATURAL 3=M,N ( BIRDS4 ,= !Y >E W+$
BIP$S2 & ? MAKES X NEC T _! H1DS & NECK
% 2 ( LI<T WEI<T2 J Z X MAKES X NEC T _!
BR1/ % 2 N>R[4 ,! B1K "!=E ) : !Y >E
PROVID$ IS =M$ (A B"O-L SUB/.E1 9 ORD] T
X MAY S]VE Z A W1PON Z WELL Z =
NUTRITIVE PURPOSES1 B IS MADE ( N>R[
DIM5.NS 6SUIT ! SMALL SIZE (! H1D4 ,9 ?
B1K >E PLAC$ ! OLFACTORY PASSAGES4 ,B "!
>E NO NO/RILS2 = S* CD N POSSIBLY 2
PLAC$ "!4
  ,Z = ^? ANIMALS T H NO RESPIR,N1 X HAS
ALR BE5 EXPLA9$ :Y X IS T !Y >E )\T
NO/RILS1 & P]CV OD\RS EI "? GILLS1 OR "?
A BL[HOLE1 OR1 IF !Y >E 9SECTS1 0!
HYPOZOMA2 & H[ ! P[] ( SMELL+ DEP5DS1 L
_! MO;N1 ^U ! 9NATE _S ( _! BODIES1 : 9
ALL ( !M IS IMPLANT$ 0NATURE & N
9TRODUC$ F )\T4
  ,"U ! NO/RILS >E ! LIPS1 9 S*
SANGU9E\S ANIMALS1 T IS1 Z H TEE?4 ,= 9
BIRDS1 Z ALR HAS BE5 SD1 ! PURPOSES (
NUTRI;N & DEF;E >E FULFILL$ 0A B"OLIKE
B1K1 : =MS A -P.D SUB/ITUTE = TEE? &
LIPS4 ,= SUPPOS+ T "O 7 6CUT (F A MAN'S
LIPS1 UNITE 8 UPP] TEE? TGR1 & SIMIL>LY
8 "U "OS1 & !N 7 6L5G!N \ ! TWO SEP>ATE
PIECES ?US =M$1 N>R[+ !M ON EI SIDE &
MAK+ !M PROJECT =W>DS1 SUPPOS+1 ,I SAY1
? 6BE D"O1 WE %D AT ONCE H A BIRD-L B1K4
  ,! USE (! LIPS 9 ALL ANIMALS EXCEPT
MAN IS 6PRES]VE & GU>D ! TEE?2 & ?US X
IS T ! 4T9CT;S ) : ! LIPS >E =M$ IS 9
DIRECT PROPOR;N 6! DEGREE ( NICETY &
P]FEC;N ) : ! TEE? >E FA%ION$4 ,9 MAN !
LIPS >E S(T & FLE%-L & CAPA# ( SEP>AT+ F
EA* O!R4 ,_! PURPOSE1 Z 9 O!R ANIMALS1
IS 6GU>D ! TEE?1 B !Y >E M ESPECI,Y
9T5D$ 6S]VE A HI<] (FICE1 3TRIBUT+ 9
-MON ) O!R "PS 6MAN'S FACULTY ( SPEE*4
,= J Z NATURE HAS MADE MAN'S T;GUE
UNLIKE T ( O!R ANIMALS1 &1 9 A3ORD.E )
:AT ,I H SD IS H] N UNCOMMON PRACTICE1
HAS US$ X = TWO 4T9CT OP],NS1 "NLY =!
P]CEP;N ( SAV\RS &= SPEE*1 S AL HAS %E
ACT$ ) REG>D 6! LIPS1 & MADE !M S]VE BO?
= SPEE* &=! PROTEC;N (! TEE?4 ,= VOCAL
SPEE* 3SI/S ( -B9,NS (! LRS1 & MO/ ( ^!
WD 2 IMPOSSI# 6PRON\NCE1 7 ! LIPS N
MOI/1 NOR ! T;GUE S* Z X IS4 ,= "S LRS
>E =M$ 0CLOSURES (! LIPS & O!RS
0APPLIC,NS (! T;GUE4 ,B :AT >E ! DI6];ES
PRES5T$ 0^! & :AT ! NATURE & EXT5T ( S*
DI6];ES1 >E "QS 6: ANSW]S M/ 2 S"\ F ^?
:O >E V]S$ 9 METRICAL SCI;E4 ,X 0 NEC T
! TWO "PS : WE >E 4CUSS+ %D1 9 3=M;Y )!
REQUIRE;TS1 2 S"E,Y ADAPT$ 6FULFIL !
(FICE M5;N$ ABV1 & 2 ( APPROPRIATE "*4
,"!=E >E !Y MADE ( FLE%1 & FLE% IS S(T]
9 MAN ?AN 9 ANY O!R ANIMAL1 ! R1SON = ?
2+ T ( ALL ANIMALS MAN HAS ! MO/
DELICATE S5SE ( T\*4

                  #AG

  ,! T;GUE IS PLAC$ "U ! VAULT$ RO( (!
M\?4 ,9 L& ANIMALS X PRES5TS B LL
DIV]S;Y4 ,B 9 O!R ANIMALS X IS V>IA#1 &
? :E!@+;R WE -P>E !M Z A CLASS ) S* Z
LIVE ON L&1 OR -P>E _! S"EAL SPECIES )
EA* O!R4 ,X IS 9 MAN T ! T;GUE ATTA9S XS
GRTE/ DEGREE ( FREEDOM1 ( S(T;S1 &(
BR1D?2 ! OBJECT ( ? 2+ 6R5D] X SUITA# =
XS D\# FUNC;N4 ,= XS S(T;S FITS X =!
P]CEP;N ( SAV\RS1 A S5SE : IS M DELICATE
9 MAN ?AN 9 ANY O!R ANIMAL1 S(T;S 2+ MO/
IMPRES.NA# 0T\*1 ( : S5SE TA/E IS B A
V>IETY4 ,? SAME S(T;S AG1 TGR ) XS
BR1D?1 ADAPTS X =! >TICUL,N ( LRS &=
SPEE*4 ,= ^! QUALITIES1 -B9$ ) XS
FREEDOM F ATTA*;T1 >E ^? : SUIT X BE/ =
ADVANC+ & RETIR+ 9 E DIREC;N4 ,T ? IS S
IS PLA91 IF WE 3SID] ! CASE ( ^? :O >E
T;GUE-TI$ 9 H["E SLI<T A DEGREE4 ,= _!
SPEE* IS 9DIST9CT & LISP+2 T IS 6SAY "!
>E C]TA9 LRS : !Y _C PRON\NCE4 ,9 2+
BROAD IS -PRIS$ ! POSSIBIL;Y ( 2COM+
N>R[2 = 9 ! GRT ! SMALL IS 9CLUD$1 B N !
GRT 9 ! SMALL4
  ,:AT HAS BE5 SD EXPLA9S :Y1 AM;G
BIRDS1 ^? T >E MO/ CAPA# ( PRON\NC+ LRS
>E S* Z H ! BROADE/ T;GUES2 & :Y !
VIVIP>\S & SANGU9E\S QUADRUP$S1 ": !
T;GUE IS H>D & ?ICK & N FREE 9 XS MO;NS1
H A V LIMIT$ VOCAL >TICUL,N4 ,"S BIRDS H
A 3SID]A# V>IETY ( NOTES4 ,^! >E !
SMALL] K9DS4 ,B X IS ! BIRDS ) TALONS T
H ! BROAD] T;GUES4 ,ALL BIRDS USE _!
T;GUES 6-MUNICATE ) EA* O!R4 ,B "S D ? 9
A GRT] DEGREE ?AN ! RE/2 S T 9 "S CASES
X EV5 SEEMS Z ?\< ACTUAL 9/RUC;N 7 IM"P$
F "O 6ANO!R 0XS AG5CY4 ,^!1 H["E1 >E
MATT]S : H ALR BE5 4CUSS$ 9 ! ,RESE>*ES
3C]N+ ,ANIMALS4
  ,Z 6^? OVIP>\S & SANGU9E\S ANIMALS T
LIVE N 9 ! AIR B ON ! E>?1 _! T;GUE 9
MO/ CASES IS TI$ D[N & H>D1 & IS "!=E
USE.S = VOCAL PURPOSES2 9 ! S]P5TS1
H["E1 & 9 ! LIZ>DS X IS L;G & =K$1 S Z
6BE SUIT$ =! P]CEP;N ( SAV\RS4 ,S L;G
9DE$ IS ? "P 9 S]P5TS1 T ?\< SMALL :ILE
9 ! M\? X C 2 PROTRUD$ 6A GRT 4T.E4 ,9
^! ANIMALS X IS =K$ & HAS A F9E & HAIR-L
EXTREM;Y1 2C ( _! GRT LIK+ = DA9TY FOOD4
,= 0? >RANGE;T !Y DERIVE A TWOFOLD
PL1SURE F SAV\RS1 _! GU/ATORY S5S,N 2+ Z
X 7 D\#D4
  ,EV5 "S BLOOD.S ANIMALS H AN ORGAN T
S]VES =! P]CEP;N ( SAV\RS2 & 9 SANGU9E\S
ANIMALS S* AN ORGAN IS 9V>IABLY V>IABLY
,= EV5 9 S* ( ^! Z WD SEEM 6AN ORD9>Y
OBS]V] 6H NO?+ (! K9D1 "S (! FI%ES =
EXAMPLE1 "! IS A K9D ( %A2Y
REPRES5TATIVE (A T;GUE1 M* L :AT EXI/S 9
RIV] CROCODILES4 ,9 MO/ ( ^! CASES !
APP>5T ABS;E (! "P C 2 R,N,Y EXPLA9$ ON
"S GR.D OR O!R4 ,= 9 ! F/ PLACE ! 9T]IOR
(! M\? 9 ANIMALS ( ? "* IS 9V>IABLY
SP9\S4 ,SECONDLY1 9 WAT] ANIMALS "! IS B
%ORT SPACE ( "T =! P]CEP;N ( SAV\RS1 & Z
! USE ( ? S5SE IS ?US ( %ORT DUR,N1
%ORT5$ AL IS ! SEP>ATE "P : SUBS]VES X4
,! R1SON = _! FOOD 2+ S RAPIDLY
TRANSMITT$ 6! /OMA* IS T !Y _C POSSIBLY
SP5D ANY "T 9 SUCK+ \ ! JUICES2 = 7 !Y
6ATTEMPT 6D S1 ! WAT] WD MAKE XS WAY 9
DUR+ ! PROCESS4 ,UN.S "!=E "O PULLS _!
M\? V WIDELY OP51 ! PROJEC;N ( ? "P IS Q
9VISI#4 ,! REGION EXPOS$ 0?US OP5+ ! M\?
IS SP9\S2 = X IS =M$ 0! CLOSE APPOSI;N (
! GILLS1 : >E (A SP9\S "*4
  ,9 CROCODILES ! IMMOBIL;Y (! L[] JAW
AL 3TRIBUTES 9 "S M1SURE 6/UNT !
DEVELOP;T (! T;GUE4 ,=! CROCODILE'S
T;GUE IS ADH]5T 6! L[] JAW4 ,= XS UPP] &
L[] JAWS >E1 Z X W]E1 9V]T$1 X 2+ ! UPP]
JAW : 9 O!R ANIMALS IS ! IMMOVA# "O4 ,!
T;GUE1 H["E1 ON ? ANIMAL IS N ATTA*$ 6!
UPP] JAW1 2C T WD 9T]F]E )! 9GES;N (
FOOD1 B AD"HS 6! L[] JAW1 2C ? IS1 Z X
W]E1 ! UPP] "O : HAS *ANG$ XS PLACE4
,MOREOV]1 X IS ! CROCODILE'S LOT1 ?\< A
L& ANIMAL1 6LIVE ! LIFE (A FI%1 & ? AG
NECESS>ILY 9VOLVES AN 9DIST9CT =M,N (!
"P 9 "Q4
  ,! RO( (! M\? RESEM#S FLE%1 EV5 9 _M (
! FI%ES2 & 9 "S (! RIV] SPECIES1 Z =
9/.E 9 ! FI%ES "KN Z ,CYPR9I1 IS S V
FLE%-L & S(T Z 6BE TAK5 0C>E.S OBS]V]S =
A T;GUE4 ,! T;GUE ( FI%ES1 H["E1 ?\< X
EXI/S Z A SEP>ATE "P1 IS N"E =M$ ) S*
4T9CT;S Z ?1 Z HAS BE5 ALR EXPLA9$4 ,AG1
Z ! GU/ATORY S5SIBIL;Y IS 9T5D$ 6S]VE
ANIMALS 9 ! SELEC;N ( FOOD1 X IS N
DI6US$ EQU,Y OV] ! :OLE SURFACE (!
T;GUE-L ORGAN1 B IS PLAC$ *IEFLY 9 !
TIP2 &= ? R1SON X IS ! TIP : IS ! ONLY
"P (! T;GUE SEP>AT$ 9 FI%ES F ! RE/ (!
M\?4 ,Z ALL ANIMALS >E S5SI# 6! PL1SURE
DERIVA# F FOOD1 !Y ALL FEEL A DESIRE =
X4 ,=! OBJECT ( DESIRE IS ! PL1SANT4 ,!
"P1 H["E1 0: FOOD PRODUCES ! S5S,N IS N
PRECISELY ALIKE 9 ALL ( !M1 B :ILE 9 "S
X IS FREE F ATTA*;TS1 9 O!RS1 ": X IS N
REQUIR$ = VOCAL PUR1 POSES1 X IS ADH]5T4
,9 "S AG X IS H>D1 9 O!RS S(T OR FLE%-L4
,?US EV5 ! ,CRU/ACEA1 ! ,C>ABI = 9/.E &!
L1 &! ,CEPHALOPODS1 S* Z ! ,SEPIAS &!
,P\LPS1 H "S S* "P 9SIDE ! M\?4 ,Z =!
,9SECTS1 "S ( !M H ! "P : S]VES Z T;GUE
9SIDE ! M\?1 Z IS ! CASE ) ANTS1 & Z IS
AL ! CASE ) _M ,TE/ACEA1 :ILE 9 O!RS X
IS PLAC$ EXT]N,Y4 ,9 ? LATT] CASE X
RESEM#S A /+1 & IS HOLL[ & SP;GY1 S Z
6S]VE AT "O &! SAME "T =! TA/+ &=! SUCK+
UP ( NUTRI;T4 ,? IS PLA9LY 6BE SE5 9
FLIES & BEES & ALL S* ANIMALS1 &
LIKEWISE 9 "S (! ,TE/ACEA4 ,9 !
,PURPURAE1 = 9/.E1 S /R;G IS ? "P T X
5A#S !M 6BORE HOLES "? ! H>D COV]+ (
%ELL-FI%1 (! SPIRAL SNAILS1 = EXAMPLE1 T
>E US$ Z BAIT 6CAT* !M4 ,S AL ! GAD-
FLIES & CATTLE-FLIES C PI]CE "? ! SK9 (
MAN1 & "S ( !M EV5 "? ! SK9S ( O!R
ANIMALS4 ,S*1 !N1 9 ^! ANIMALS IS !
NATURE (! T;GUE1 : IS ?US Z X 7 ! C.T]"P
(! ELEPHANT'S NO/RIL4 ,= Z 9 ! ELEPHANT
! NO/RIL IS US$ Z A W1PON1 S 9 ^!
ANIMALS ! T;GUE S]VES Z A /+4
  ,9 ALL O!R ANIMALS ! T;GUE AGREES )
DESCRIP;N ALR GIV54


