             ,,*APT] ,,II4
    ,,ON ,,! ,,MANN] ,,( ,,DEVELOP;T
     ,,( ,,MAN ,,F ,,"S ,,L[] ,,=M4

  ,X IS MANIFE/ T MAN IS N[ SUBJECT 6M*
V>IABIL;Y4 ,NO TWO 9DIVIDUALS (! SAME
RACE >E Q ALIKE4 ,WE MAY -P>E MILLIONS (
FACES1 & EA* W 2 4T9CT4 ,"! IS AN EQU,Y
GRT AM.T ( DIV]S;Y 9 ! PROPOR;NS &
DIM5.NS (! V>I\S "PS (! BODY2 ! L5G? (!
LEGS 2+ "O (! MO/ V>IA# PO9TS4 99 ,AL? 9
"S QU>T]S (! _W AN EL;GAT$ SKULL1 & 9
O!R QU>T]S A %ORT SKULL PREVAILS1 YET "!
IS GRT DIV]S;Y ( %APE EV5 )9 ! LIMITS (!
SAME RACE1 Z )! ABORIG9ES ( ,AM]ICA &
,S\? ,AU/RALIA- ! LATT] A RACE 8PROBABLY
Z PURE & HOMOG5E\S 9 BLOOD1 CU/OMS1 &
LANGUAGE Z ANY 9 EXI/;E0- & EV5 )!
9HABITANTS ( S 3F9$ AN >EA Z ! ,S&WI*
,ISL&S4 99 7#B7 ,AN EM95T D5TI/ ASSURES
ME T "! IS NE>LY Z M* DIV]S;Y 9 ! TEE? Z
9 ! F1TURES4 ,! *IEF >T]IES S FREQU5TLY
RUN 9 ABNORMAL C\RSES1 T IS HAS BE5 F.D
USE;L = SURGICAL PURPOSES 6CALCULATE F
#AJDJ CORPSES H[ (T5 EA* C\RSE
PREVAILS4997#C7 ,! MUSCLES >E EM95TLY
V>IA#3 ?US ^? (! FOOT 7 F.D 0,PR(4
,TURN] 99 7#D7 N 6BE /RICTLY ALIKE 9 ANY
TWO \ ( FIFTY BODIES2 & 9 "S ! DEVI,NS 7
3SID]A#4 ,HE A4S1 T ! P[] ( P]=M+ !
APPROPRIATE MOVE;TS M/ H BE5 MODIFI$ 9
A3ORD.E )! S"EAL DEVI,NS4 ,MR4 ,J4 ,WOOD
HAS RECORD$ 99 7#E7 ! O3URR;E ( #BIE
MUSCUL> V>I,NS 9 ?IRTY-SIX SUBJECTS1 & 9
ANO!R SET (! SAME NUMB] NO LESS ?AN #EEH
V>I,NS1 ^? O3URR+ ON BO? SIDES (! BODY
2+ ONLY RECKON$ Z "O4 ,9 ! LA/ SET1 N "O
BODY \ (! ?IRTY-SIX 0 8F.D TOT,Y WANT+ 9
DE"PURES F ! /&>D DESCRIP;NS (! MUSCUL>
SY/EM GIV5 9 ANATOMICAL TEXT BOOKS40 ,A
S+LE BODY PRES5T$ ! EXTRAORD9>Y NUMB] (
TW5TY-FIVE 4T9CT ABNORMALITIES4 ,! SAME
MUSCLE "S"TS V>IES 9 _M WAYS3 ?US ,PR(4
,MACALI/] DESCRIBES 99 7#F7 NO LESS ?AN
TW5TY 4T9CT V>I,NS 9 ! PALM>IS
A3ESSORIUS4
      --,9VE/IG,NS 9 ! ,MILIT>Y &
    ,AN?ROPOLOGICAL ,/ATI/ICS ( ,AM]ICAN
    ,SOLDI]S1 BY ;,B4 ,A4 ,G\LD1 #AHFI1
    P4 #BEF4
      997#B7 ,) RESPECT 6! "1 ,CRANIAL
    =MS (! ,AM]ICAN ABORIG9ES10 SEE ,DR4
    ,AITK5 ,MEIGS 9 ,PROC4 ,ACAD4 ,NAT4
    ,SCI4 ,PHILADELPHIA1 ,MAY1 #AHFH4
    ,ON ! ,AU/RALIANS1 SEE ,HUXLEY1 9
    ,LYELL'S ,ANTIQU;Y ( ,MAN1 #AHFC1 P4
    #HG4 ,ON ! ,S&WI* ,ISL&]S1 ,PR(4 ,J4
    ,WYMAN1 ,OBS]V,NS ON ,CRANIA1
    ,BO/ON1 #AHFH1 P4 #AH4
      997#C7 ,ANATOMY (! ,>T]IES1 BY
    ;,R4 ,QUA94 ,PREFACE1 VOL4 I41
    #AHDD4
      997#D7 ,TRANSAC;NS (! ,ROYAL
    ,SOCIETY ( ,$9BUR<1 VOL4 ;XXIV41 PP4
    #AGE1 #AHI4
      997#E7 ,PROCE$+S ,ROYAL ,SOCIETY1
    #AHFG1 P4 #EDD2 AL #AHFH1 PP4 #DHC1
    #EBD4 ,"! IS A PREVI\S PAP]1 #AHFF1
    P4 #BBI4
      997#F7 ,PROC4 ,R4 ,IRI% ,ACADEMY1
    VOL4 X41 #AHFH1 P4 #ADA4
  ,! FAM\S OLD ANATOMI/1 ,WOLFF1 99
9SI/S T ! 9T]NAL VISC]A >E M V>IA# ?AN !
EXT]NAL "PS3 ,NULLA "PICULA E/ QUAE NON
ALIT] ET ALIT] 9 ALIIS SE HAB1T
HOM9IBUS4 ,HE HAS EV5 WRITT5 A TR1TISE
ON ! *OICE ( TYPICAL EXAMPLES (! VISC]A
= REPRES5T,N4 ,A 4CUS.N ON ! B1U-ID1L (!
LIV]1 LUNGS1 KIDNEYS1 &C41 Z (! HUMAN
FACE DIV9E1 S.DS /RANGE 9 \R E>S4
      --,ACT4 ,ACAD4 ,/4 ,PET]SBURG1
    #AGGH1 "P ;II41 P4 #BAG4
  ,! V>IABIL;Y OR DIV]S;Y (! M5TAL
FACULTIES 9 M5 (! SAME RACE1 N 6M5;N !
GRT] DI6];ES 2T ! M5 ( 4T9CT RACES1 IS S
NOTORI\S T N A ^W NE$ "H 2 SD4 ,S X IS )
! L[] ANIMALS4 ,ALL :O H _H *>GE (
M5AG]IES ADMIT ? FACT1 & WE SEE X PLA9LY
9 \R DOGS & O!R DOME/IC ANIMALS4 ,BREHM
ESPECI,Y 9SI/S T EA* 9DIVIDUAL MONKEY (
^? : HE KEPT TAME 9 ,AFRICA _H XS [N
PECULI> 4POSI;N & TEMP]3 HE M5;NS "O
BABOON REM>KA# = XS HI< 9TELLIG;E2 &!
KEEP]S 9 ! ,ZOOLOGICAL ,G>D5S PO9T$ \
6ME A MONKEY1 2L;G+ 6! ,NEW ,_W DIVI.N1
EQU,Y REM>KA# = 9TELLIG;E4 ,R57]1 AL1
9SI/S ON ! DIV]S;Y 9 ! V>I\S M5TAL "*S (
! MONKEYS (! SAME SPECIES : HE KEPT 9
,P>AGUAY2 & ? DIV]S;Y1 Z HE A4S1 IS "PLY
9NATE1 & "PLY ! RESULT (! MANN] 9 : !Y H
BE5 TR1T$ OR $UCAT$4 99
      --,BREHM1 ,ILLU/RI]TES ,?I]LEB51
    ,B4 I41 SS4 #EH1 #HG4 ,R57]1
    ,SAUGE?I]E VON ,P>AGUAY1 S4 #EG4
  ,I H ELSE": 99 S FULLY 4CUSS$ !
SUBJECT ( ,9H]IT.E1 T ,I NE$ "H ADD
H>DLY ANY?+4 ,A GRT] NUMB] ( FACTS H BE5
COLLECT$ ) RESPECT 6! TRANSMIS.N (! MO/
TRIFL+1 Z WELL Z (! MO/ IMPORTANT "*S 9
MAN1 ?AN 9 ANY (! L[] ANIMALS2 ?\< !
FACTS >E COPI\S 5 ) RESPECT 6! LATT]4 ,S
9 REG>D 6M5TAL QUALITIES1 _! TRANSMIS.N
IS MANIFE/ 9 \R DOGS1 HORSES1 & O!R
DOME/IC ANIMALS4 ,2SS SPECIAL TA/ES &
HABITS1 G5]AL 9TELLIG;E1 C\RAGE1 BAD &
GD TEMP]1 &C41 >E C]TA9LY TRANSMITT$4 ,)
MAN WE SEE SIMIL> FACTS 9 ALM E FAMILY2
& WE N[ "K1 "? ! ADMIRA# LAB\RS ( ,MR4
,GALTON1 99 7#B7 T G5IUS : IMPLIES A
WOND];LLY -PLEX -B9,N ( HI< FACULTIES1
T5DS 6BE 9H]IT$2 &1 ON ! O!R H&1 X IS
TOO C]TA9 T 9SAN;Y & DET]IORAT$ M5TAL
P[]S LIKEWISE RUN 9 FAMILIES4
      --,V>I,N ( ,ANIMALS & ,PLANTS "U
    ,DOME/IC,N1 VOL4 ;II41 *AP4 ;XII4
      997#B7 ,H]$IT>Y ,G5IUS3 AN ,9QUIRY
    96XS ,LAWS & ,3SEQU;ES1 #AHFI4
      ,) RESPECT 6! CAUSES ( V>IABIL;Y1
    WE >E 9 ALL CASES V IGNORANT2 B WE C
    SEE T 9 MAN Z 9 ! L[] ANIMALS1 !Y /&
    9 "S REL,N 6! 3DI;NS 6: EA* SPECIES
    HAS BE5 EXPOS$1 DUR+ S"EAL G5],NS4
    ,DOME/ICAT$ ANIMALS V>Y M ?AN ^? 9 A
    /ATE ( NATURE2 & ? IS APP>5TLY DUE
    6! DIV]SIFI$ & *ANG+ NATURE (!
    3DI;NS 6: !Y H BE5 SUBJECT$4 ,9 ?
    RESPECT ! DI6]5T RACES ( MAN RESEM#
    DOME/ICAT$ ANIMALS1 & S D !
    9DIVIDUALS (! SAME RACE1 :5 9HABIT+4
    A V WIDE >EA1 L T ( ,AM]ICA4 ,WE SEE
    ! 9FLU;E ( DIV]SIFI$ 3DI;NS 9 ! M
    CIVILIS$ N,NS2 =! MEMB]S 2L;G+
    6DI6]5T GRADES ( RANK1 & FOLL[+
    DI6]5T O3UP,NS1 PRES5T A GRT] RANGE
    ( "* ?AN D ! MEMB]S ( B>B>\S N,NS4
    ,B ! UNI=M;Y ( SAVAGES HAS (T5 BE5
    EXA7]AT$1 & 9 "S CASES C H>DLY 2 SD
    6EXI/4 99 ,X IS1 N"E!.S1 AN ]ROR
    6SP1K ( MAN1 EV5 IF WE LOOK ONLY 6!
    3DI;NS 6: HE HAS BE5 EXPOS$1 Z 8F> M
    DOME/ICAT$8 997#B7 ?AN ANY O!R
    ANIMAL4 ,"S SAVAGE RACES1 S* Z !
    ,AU/RALIANS1 >E N EXPOS$ 6M
    DIV]SIFI$ 3DI;NS ?AN >E _M SPECIES :
    H A WIDE RANGE4 ,9 ANO!R & M* M
    IMPORTANT RESPECT1 MAN DI6]S WIDELY
    F ANY /RICTLY DOME/ICAT$ ANIMAL2 = 8
    BRE$+ HAS N"E L;G BE5 3TROLL$1 EI
    0ME?ODICAL OR UNCONSCI\S SELEC;N4
    ,NO RACE OR BODY ( M5 HAS BE5 S
    -PLETELY SUBJUGAT$ 0O!R M51 Z T
    C]TA9 9DIVIDUALS %D 2 PRES]V$1 & ?US
    UNCONSCI\SLY SELECT$1 F "SH[ EXCELL+
    9 UTIL;Y 6_! MA/]S4 ,NOR H C]TA9
    MALE & FEMALE 9DIVIDUALS BE5 9T5;N,Y
    PICK$ \ & MAT*$1 EXCEPT 9 ! WELL-"KN
    CASE (! ,PRUSSIAN GR5ADI]S2 & 9 ?
    CASE MAN OBEY$1 Z MI<T H BE5
    EXPECT$1 ! LAW ( ME?ODICAL SELEC;N2
    = X IS ASS]T$ T _M TALL M5 7 RE>$ 9
    ! VILLAGES 9HABIT$ 0! GR5ADI]S & _!
    TALL WIVES4 ,9 ,S"PA1 AL1 A =M (
    SELEC;N 0 FOLL[$1 = X 0 5ACT$ T ALL
    *N %D 2 EXAM9$ %ORTLY AF BIR?2 !
    WELL-=M$ & VIGOR\S 2+ PRES]V$1 !
    O!RS LEFT 6P]I%4 99 7#C7
      --,MR4 ,BATES REM>KS 7,!
    ,NATURALI/ ON ! ,AMAZONS1 #AHFC1
    VOL4 ;II P4 #AEI71 ) RESPECT 6!
    ,9DIANS (! SAME ,S\? ,AM]ICAN TRIBE1
    8NO TWO ( !M 7 AT ALL SIMIL> 9 !
    %APE (! H1D2 "O MAN _H AN OVAL
    VISAGE ) F9E F1TURES1 & ANO!R 0 Q
    ,M;GOLIAN 9 BR1D? & PROM9;E ( *EEK1
    SPR1D ( NO/RILS1 & OBLIQU;Y ( EYES40
      997#B7 ,BLUM5BA*1 ,TR1TISES ON
    ,AN?ROPOLOGY41 ,5G4 TRANSLAT41
    #AHFE1 P4 #BJE4
      997#C7 ,MIT=D'S ,HI/ORY ( ,GREECE1
    VOL4 I41 P4 #BHB4 ,X APPE>S F A
    PASSAGE 9 ,X5OPHON'S ,MEMORABILIA1
    ,B4 ;II4 #D 76: MY ATT5;N HAS BE5
    CALL$ 0! ,REV4 ,J4 ,N4 ,HO>E71 T X 0
    A WELL RECOGNIS$ PR9CIPLE )!
    ,GREEKS1 T M5 "\ 6SELECT _! WIVES )A
    VIEW 6! H1L? & VIG\R ( _! *N4 ,!
    ,GRECIAN POET1 ,!OGNIS1 :O LIV$ #EEJ
    ,B4 ,C41 CLE>LY SAW H[ IMPORTANT
    SELEC;N1 IF C>E;LLY APPLI$1 WD 2 =!
    IMPROVE;T ( MANK9D4 ,HE SAW1
    LIKEWISE1 T W1L? (T5 *ECKS ! PROP]
    AC;N ( SEXUAL SELEC;N4 ,HE ?US
    WRITES3

,) K9E & HORSES1 ,KURNUS6 WE PROCE$
,0R1SONA# RULES1 & *OOSE A BRE$
,= PR(IT & 9CR1SE AT ANY PRICE3
,(A S.D /OCK1 )\T DEFECT OR VICE4
,B1 9 ! DAILY MAT*ES T WE MAKE1
,! PRICE IS "EY?+3 = M"OY'S SAKE1
,M5 M>RY3 WOM5 >E 9 M>RIAGE GIV5
,! *URL OR RU6IAN1 T 9 W1L? HAS ?RIV51
,MAY MAT* 8 (FSPR+ )! PR\DE/ RACE3
,?US "EY?+ IS MIX'D1 NO# & BASE6
,IF !N 9 \TW>D MANN]1 =M1 & M9D1
,Y F9D U A DEGRAD$1 MOTLEY K9D1
,WOND] NO M1 MY FR6 ! CAUSE IS PLA91
,& 6LA;T ! 3SEQU;E IS VA94

  7,! ,"WS ( ,J4 ,HOOKHAM ,FR]E1 VOL4
;II41 #AHGB1 P4 #CCD47
  ,IF WE 3SID] ALL ! RACES ( MAN Z =M+ A
S+LE SPECIES1 8 RANGE IS ENORM\S2 B "S
SEP>ATE RACES1 Z ! ,AM]ICANS &
,POLYNESIANS1 H V WIDE RANGES4 ,X IS A
WELL-"KN LAW T WIDELY-RANG+ SPECIES >E
M* M V>IA# ?AN SPECIES ) RE/RICT$
RANGES2 &! V>IABIL;Y ( MAN MAY ) M TRU?
2 -P>$ ) T ( WIDELY-RANG+ SPECIES1 ?AN )
T ( DOME/ICAT$ ANIMALS4
  ,N ONLY DOES V>IABIL;Y APPE> 6BE 9DUC$
9 MAN &! L[] ANIMALS 0! SAME G5]AL
CAUSES1 B 9 BO? ! SAME "PS (! BODY >E
E6ECT$ 9 A CLOSELY ANALOG\S MANN]4 ,?
HAS BE5 PROV$ 9 S* FULL DETAIL 0,GODRON
& ,QUATREFAGES1 T ,I NE$ "H ONLY REF]
6_! "WS4 99 ,MON/ROSITIES1 : GRADUATE
96SLI<T V>I,NS1 >E LIKEWISE S SIMIL> 9
MAN &! L[] ANIMALS1 T ! SAME CLASSIFIC,N
&! SAME T]MS C 2 US$ = BO?1 Z HAS BE5
%EWN 0,ISIDORE ,GE(FROY ,/-,HILAIRE4 99
7#B7 ,9 MY "W ON ! V>I,N ( DOME/IC
ANIMALS1 ,I H ATTEMPT$ 6>RANGE 9 A RUDE
FA%ION ! LAWS ( V>I,N "U ! FOLL[+ H1DS3-
,! DIRECT & DEF9ITE AC;N ( *ANG$ 3DI;NS1
Z EXHIBIT$ 0ALL OR NE>LY ALL !
9DIVIDUALS (! SAME SPECIES1 V>Y+ 9 !
SAME MANN] "U ! SAME CIRCUM/.ES4 ,!
E6ECTS (! L;G-3T9U$ USE OR 4USE ( "PS4
,! COHE.N ( HOMOLOG\S "PS4 ,! V>IABIL;Y
( MULTIPLE "PS4 ,-P5S,N ( GR[?2 B ( ?
LAW ,I H F.D NO GD 9/.E 9 ! CASE ( MAN4
,! E6ECTS (! ME*ANICAL PRESSURE ( "O "P
ON ANO!R2 Z (! PELVIS ON ! CRANIUM (!
9FANT 9 ! WOMB4 ,>RE/S ( DEVELOP;T1 L1D+
6! DIM9U;N OR SUPPRES.N ( "PS4 ,!
REAPPE>.E ( L;G-LO/ "*S "? REV].N4 ,&
LA/LY1 CORRELAT$ V>I,N4 ,ALL ^! S-CALL$
LAWS APPLY EQU,Y 6MAN &! L[] ANIMALS2 &
MO/ ( !M EV5 6PLANTS4 ,X WD 2 SUP]FLU\S
"H 64CUSS ALL ( !M2 99 7#C7 B S"EAL >E S
IMPORTANT1 T !Y M/ 2 TR1T$ AT 3SID]A#
L5G?4
      --,GODRON1 ,DE L',ESPECE1 #AHEI1
    TOM4 ;II41 LIVRE #C4 ,QUATREFAGES1
    ,UNITE DE L',ESPECE ,HUMA9E1 #AHFA4
    ,AL ,LECTURES ON ,AN?ROPOLOGY1 GIV5
    9 ! ,REVUE DES ,C\RS ,SCI5TIFIQUES1
    #AHFF-AHFH4
      997#B7 ,HI/4 ,G54 ET ,"P4 DES
    ,ANOMALIES DE L',ORGANIS,N1 TOM4 I41
    #AHCB4
      997#C7 ,I H FULLY 4CUSS$ ^! LAWS 9
    MY ,V>I,N ( ,ANIMALS & ,PLANTS "U
    ,DOME/IC,N1 VOL4 ;II41 *APS4 ;XXII4
    & ;XXIII4 ,M4 ,J4 ,P4 ,DUR& HAS
    LATELY 7#AHFH7 PUBLI%$ A VALUA#
    ESSAY1 ,DE L',9FLU;E DES ,MILIEUX1
    &C4 ,HE LAYS M* /RESS1 9 ! CASE (
    PLANTS1 ON ! NATURE (! SOIL4
  ,! ,DIRECT & ,DEF9ITE ,AC;N ( ,*ANG$
,3DI;NS4- ,? IS A MO/ P]PLEX+ SUBJECT4
,X _C 2 D5I$ T *ANG$ 3DI;NS PRODUCE "S1
& O3A.N,Y A 3SID]A# E6ECT1 ON ORGANISMS
( ALL K9DS2 & X SEEMS AT F/ PROBA# T IF
SU6ICI5T "T 7 ALL[$ ? WD 2 ! 9V>IA#
RESULT4 ,B ,I H FAIL$ 6OBTA9 CLE> EVID;E
9 FAV\R ( ? 3CLU.N2 & VALID R1SONS MAY 2
URG$ ON ! O!R SIDE1 AT L1/ Z F> Z !
9NUM]A# /RUCTURES >E 3C]N$1 : >E ADAPT$
= SPECIAL 5DS4 ,"! C1 H["E1 2 NO D\BT T
*ANG$ 3DI;NS 9DUCE AN ALM 9DEF9ITE AM.T
( FLUCTUAT+ V>IABIL;Y1 0: ! :OLE
ORGANIS,N IS R5D]$ 9 "S DEGREE PLA/IC4
      ,9 ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES1 ABV #A1JJJ1JJJ
    SOLDI]S1 :O S]V$ 9 ! LATE W>1 7
    M1SUR$1 &! ,/ATES 9 : !Y 7 BORN &
    RE>$ 7 RECORD$4 99 ,F ? A/ONI%+
    NUMB] ( OBS]V,NS X IS PROV$ T LOCAL
    9FLU;ES ( "S K9D ACT DIRECTLY ON
    /ATURE2 & WE FUR!R LE>N T 8! ,/ATE
    ": ! PHYSICAL GR[? HAS 9 GRT M1SURE
    TAK5 PLACE1 &! ,/ATE ( BIR?1 :
    9DICATES ! ANCE/RY1 SEEM 6EX]T A
    M>K$ 9FLU;E ON ! /ATURE40 ,= 9/.E1 X
    IS E/ABLI%$1 8T RESID;E 9 ! ,WE/]N
    ,/ATES1 DUR+ ! YE>S ( GR[?1 T5DS
    6PRODUCE 9CR1SE ( /ATURE40 ,ON ! O!R
    H&1 X IS C]TA9 T ) SAILORS1 _! LIFE
    DELAYS GR[?1 Z %EWN 80! GRT DI6];E
    2T ! /ATURES ( SOLDI]S & SAILORS AT
    ! AGES ( SEV5TE5 & EI<TE5 YE>S40
    ,MR4 ,B4 ,A4 ,G\LD 5D1V\R$ 6ASC]TA9
    ! NATURE (! 9FLU;ES : ?US ACT ON
    /ATURE2 B HE >RIV$ ONLY AT NEGATIVE
    RESULTS1 "NLY T !Y DID N RELATE
    6CLIMATE1 ! ELEV,N (! L&1 SOIL1 NOR
    EV5 8IN ANY 3TROLL+ DEGREE0 6!
    ABUND.E OR ! NE$ (! -=TS ( LIFE4 ,?
    LATT] 3CLU.N IS DIRECTLY OPPOS$ 6T
    >RIV$ AT BY1 ,VILL]ME1 F ! /ATI/IES
    (! HEI<T (! 3SCRIPTS 9 DI6]5T "PS (
    ,FR.E4 ,:5 WE -P>E ! DI6];ES 9
    /ATURE 2T ! ,POLYNESIAN *IEFS &! L[]
    ORD]S )9 ! SAME ISL&S1 OR 2T !
    9HABITANTS (! F]TILE VOLCANIC & L[
    B>R5 CORAL ISL&S (! SAME OC1N1 99
    7#B7 OR AG 2T ! ,FUEGIANS ON ! EA/]N
    & WE/]N %ORES ( _! C.TRY1 ": ! M1NS
    ( SUBSI/;E >E V DI6]5T1 X IS SC>CELY
    POSSI# 6AVOID ! 3CLU.N T BETT] FOOD
    & GRT] -=T D 9FLU;E /ATURE4 ,B !
    PREC$+ /ATE;TS %EW H[ DI6ICULT X IS
    6>RIVE AT ANY PRECISE RESULT4 ,DR4
    ,B$DOE HAS LATELY PROV$ T1 )!
    9HABITANTS ( ,BRITA91 RESID;E 9 T[NS
    & C]TA9 O3UP,NS H A DET]IORAT+
    9FLU;E ON HEI<T2 & HE 9F]S T !
    RESULT IS 6A C]TA9 EXT5T 9H]IT$1 Z
    IS LIKEWISE ! CASE 9 ! ,UNIT$
    ,/ATES4 ,DR4 ,B$DOE FUR!R 2LIEVES T
    :]"E A 8RACE ATTA9S XS MAXIMUM (
    PHYSICAL DEVELOP;T1 X RISES HI<E/ 9
    5]GY & MORAL VIG\R48 997#C7
      --,9VE/IG,NS 9 ,MILIT>Y & ,AN?ROP4
    ,/ATI/ICS1 &C41 #AHFI1 BY ;,B4 ,A4
    ,G\LD1 PP4 #IC1 #AJG1 #ABF1 #ACA1
    #ACD4
      997#B7 ,=! ,POLYNESIANS1 SEE
    ,PRI*>D'S ,PHYSICAL ,HI/ORY (
    ,MANK9D1 VOL4 V41 #AHDG1 PP4 #ADE1
    #BHC4 ,AL ,GODRON1 ,DE L',ESPECE1
    TOM4 ;II41 P4 #BHI4 ,"! IS AL A
    REM>KA# DI6];E 9 APPE>.E 2T !
    CLOSELY-ALLI$ ,H9DOOS 9HABIT+ !
    ,UPP] ,GANGES & ,B5GAL2 SEE
    ,ELPH9/"O'S ,HI/ORY ( ,9DIA1 VOL4
    I41 P4 #CBD4
      997#C7 ,MEMOIRS1 ,AN?ROPOLOGICAL
    ,SOCIETY1 VOL4 ;III41 #AHFG-FI1 PP4
    #EFA1 #EFE1 #EFG4
  ,:E!R EXT]NAL 3DI;NS PRODUCE ANY O!R
DIRECT E6ECT ON MAN IS N "KN4 ,X MI<T H
BE5 EXPECT$ T DI6];ES ( CLIMATE WD H _H
A M>K$ 9FLU;E1 9ASM* Z ! LUNGS & KIDNEYS
>E BR"\ 96ACTIV;Y "U A L[ TEMP]ATURE1 &!
LIV] & SK9 "U A HI< "O4 99 ,X 0 =M]LY
?"\ T ! COL\R (! SK9 &! "* (! HAIR 7
DET]M9$ 0LI<T OR H1T2 & AL? X C H>DLY 2
D5I$ T "S E6ECT IS ?US PRODUC$1 ALM ALL
OBS]V]S N[ AGREE T ! E6ECT HAS BE5 V
SMALL1 EV5 AF EXPOSURE DUR+ _M AGES4 ,B
? SUBJECT W 2 M PROP]LY 4CUSS$ :5 WE
TR1T (! DI6]5T RACES ( MANK9D4 ,) \R
DOME/IC ANIMALS "! >E GR.DS = 2LIEV+ T
COLD & DAMP DIRECTLY A6ECT ! GR[? (!
HAIR2 B ,I H N MET ) ANY EVID;E ON ? H1D
9 ! CASE ( MAN4
      --,DR4 ,BRAK5RIDGE1 8,!ORY (
    ,DIA!SIS10 ,M$ICAL ,"TS1 ,JUNE #AI &
    ,JULY #AG1 #AHFI4
  ,E6ECTS (! 9CR1S$ ,USE & ,4USE (
,"PS4- ,X IS WELL "KN T USE /R5G!NS !
MUSCLES 9 ! 9DIVIDUAL1 & -PLETE 4USE1 OR
! DE/RUC;N (! PROP] N]VE1 W1K5S !M4 ,:5
! EYE IS DE/ROY$1 ! OPTIC N]VE (T5
2COMES ATROPHI$4 ,:5 AN >T]Y IS TI$1 !
LAT]AL *ANNELS 9CR1SE N ONLY 9 DIAMET]1
B 9 ! ?ICK;S & /R5G? ( _! COATS4 ,:5 "O
KIDNEY C1SES 6ACT F 41SE1 ! O!R 9CR1SES
9 SIZE1 & DOES D\# "W4 ,B"OS 9CR1SE N
ONLY 9 ?ICK;S1 B 9 L5G?1 F C>RY+ A GRT]
WEI<T4 99 ,DI6]5T O3UP,NS1 HABITU,Y
FOLL[$1 L1D 6*ANG$ PROPOR;NS 9 V>I\S "PS
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SAVAGES1 9 EYESI<T & 9 ! O!R S5SES1 IS
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EXTREMITIES T ! BODY (! UT]US IS =M$ 9
MAN2 :ILE 9 ^? ANIMALS 9 : NO MI4LE
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9FREQU5T1 9 : ! MATURE UT]US IS FURNI%$
) CORNUA1 OR IS "PI,Y DIVID$ 96TWO
ORGANS2 & S* CASES1 AC 6,[51 REP1T 8!
GRADE ( 3C5TRATIVE DEVELOP;T10 ATTA9$
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SUBSEQU5T GR[? & P]FECT FUNC;NAL
DEVELOP;T2 = EI SIDE (! "PI,Y D\# UT]US
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,9 O!R & R>] CASES1 TWO 4T9CT UT]9E
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ORIFICE & PASSAGE4 99 ,NO S* /AGE IS
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N IMPOSSI#1 T ! TWO SIMPLE1 M9UTE1
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EXPRES.N MAY 2 US$7 6GR[ 96TWO 4T9CT
UT]I1 EA* )A WELL-3/RUCT$ ORIFICE1&
PASSAGE1 & EA* FURNI%$ ) NUM]\S MUSCLES1
N]VES1 GL&S & VESSELS1 IF !Y _H N =M]LY
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! CASE ( EXI/+ M>SUPIALS4 ,NO "O W
PRET5D T S P]FECT A /RUCTURE Z !
ABNORMAL D\# UT]US 9 WOMAN CD 2 ! RESULT
( M]E *.E4 ,B ! PR9CIPLE ( REV].N1 0: A
L;G-LO/ /RUCTURE IS CALL$ BACK 96EXI/;E1
MI<T S]VE Z ! GUIDE = XS FULL DEVELOP;T1
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      --,SEE ,DR4 ,A4 ,F>RE'S WELL-"KN
    >TICLE 9 ! ,CYCLOPAEDIA ( ,ANATOMY &
    ,PHYSIOLOGY1 VOL4 V41 #AHEI1 P4
    #FDB4 ,[51 ,ANATOMY ( ,V]TEBRATES1
    VOL4 ;III41 #AHFH1 P4 #FHG4
    ,PROFESSOR ,TURN]1 9 ,$9BUR< ,M$ICAL
    ,J\RNAL1 ,FEBRU>Y1 #AHFE4
  ,PROFESSOR ,CANE/R9I1 AF 4CUSS+ !
=EGO+ & V>I\S ANALOG\S CASES1 >RIVES AT
! SAME 3CLU.N Z T J GIV54 ,HE A4UCES
ANO!R 9/.E1 9 ! CASE (! MAL> B"O1 99 :1
9 "S (! ,QUADRUMANA & O!R MAMMALS1
NORM,Y 3SI/S ( TWO POR;NS4 ,? IS XS
3DI;N 9 ! HUMAN FOETUS :5 TWO MON?S OLD2
& "? >RE/$ DEVELOP;T1 X "S"TS REMA9S ?US
9 MAN :5 ADULT1 M ESPECI,Y 9 ! L[]
PROGNA?\S RACES4 ,H;E ,CANE/R9I 3CLUDES
T "S ANCI5T PROG5ITOR ( MAN M/ H _H ?
B"O NORM,Y DIVID$ 96TWO POR;NS1 : AFWS
2CAME FUS$ TGR4 ,9 MAN ! FRONTAL B"O
3SI/S (A S+LE PIECE1 B 9 ! EMBRYO1 & 9
*N1 & 9 ALM ALL ! L[] MAMMALS1 X 3SI/S (
TWO PIECES SEP>AT$ 0A 4T9CT SUTURE4 ,?
SUTURE O3A.N,Y P]SI/S M OR LESS 4T9CTLY
9 MAN AF MATUR;Y2 & M FREQU5TLY 9 ANCI5T
?AN 9 REC5T CRANIA1 ESPECI,Y1 Z
,CANE/R9I HAS OBS]V$1 9 ^? EXHUM$ F !
,DRIFT1 & 2L;G+ 6! BRA*YCEPHALIC TYPE4
,"H AG HE -ES 6! SAME 3CLU.N Z 9 !
ANALOG\S CASE (! MAL> B"OS4 ,9 ?1 & O!R
9/.ES PRES5TLY 6BE GIV51 ! CAUSE (
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C]TA9 "*S M FREQU5TLY ?AN D ! MOD]N
RACES1 APPE>S 6BE1 T ! LATT] /& AT A
"S:AT GRT] 4T.E 9 ! L;G L9E ( DESC5T F
_! E>LY SEMI-HUMAN PROG5ITORS4
      --,ANNU>IO DELLA ,SOC4 DEI
    ,NATURALI/I1 ,MOD5A1 #AHFG1 P4 #HC4
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    SUBJECT F V>I\S AU?ORITIES4
    ,LAURILL>D REM>KS1 T Z HE HAS F.D A
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    3SID] ? 4POSI;N (! "PS Z SIMPLY
    A3ID5TAL4 ,ANO!R PAP] ON ? SAME
    ANOMALY HAS BE5 PUBLI%$ 0,DR4
    ,SAVIOTTI 9 ! ,GAZZETTA DELLE
    ,CL9I*E1 ,TUR91 #AHGA1 ": HE SAYS T
    TRACES (! DIVI.N MAY 2 DETECT$ 9 AB
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    ! SAME SUBJECT2 8,TRE NUOVI CASI
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    ,TOR9O1 #AHGB4 ,AL1 ,E4 ,MORSELLI1
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    MAL>E10 ,MOD5A1 #AHGB4 ,/ M REC5TLY
    ,GRUB] HAS WRITT5 A PAMPHLET ON !
    DIVI.N ( ? B"O4 ,I GIVE ^! REF];ES
    2C A REVIEW]1 )\T ANY GR.DS OR
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    /ATE;TS4
  ,V>I\S O!R ANOMALIES 9 MAN1 M OR LESS
ANALOG\S 6! =EGO+1 H BE5 ADV.ED 0DI6]5T
AU?ORS1 Z CASES ( REV].N2 B ^! SEEM N A
LL D\BT;L1 = WE H 6DESC5D EXTREMELY L[ 9
! MAMMALIAN S]IES1 2F WE F9D S*
/RUCTURES NORM,Y PRES5T4 99
      --,A :OLE S]IES ( CASES IS GIV5
    0,ISIDORE ,GE(FROY ,ST-,HILAIRE1
    ,HI/4 DES ,ANOMALIES1 TOM1 ;III1 P4
    #DCG4 ,A REVIEW] 7,J\RNAL ( ,ANATOMY
    & ,PHYSIOLOGY1 #AHGA1 P4 #CFF7
    BLAMES ME M* = N HAV+ 4CUSS$ !
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    V>I\S "PS >RE/$ 9 _! DEVELOP;T4 ,HE
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    H NO REL,N 6A =M] /ATE ( EXI/;E1
    O3UR AT AN E>LY P]IOD1 Z WELL Z DUR+
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  ,9 MAN1 ! CAN9E TEE? >E P]FECTLY
E6ICI5T 9/RU;TS = MA/IC,N4 ,B _! TRUE
CAN9E "*1 Z ,[5 99 REM>KS1 8IS 9DICAT$
0! 3ICAL =M (! CR[N1 : T]M9ATES 9 AN
OBTUSE PO9T1 IS 3VEX \TW>D & FLAT OR
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EXPRESS$ 9 ! ,MELANIAN RACES1 ESPECI,Y !
,AU/RALIAN4 ,! CAN9E IS M DEEPLY
IMPLANT$1 & 0A /R;G] FANG ?AN !
9CISORS40 ,N"E!.S1 ? TOO? NO L;G] S]VES
MAN Z A SPECIAL W1PON = TE>+ 8 5EMIES OR
PREY2 X MAY1 "!=E1 Z F> Z XS PROP]
FUNC;N IS 3C]N$1 2 3SID]$ Z RUDI;T>Y4 ,9
E L>GE COLLEC;N ( HUMAN SKULLS "S MAY 2
F.D1 Z ,HAECKEL 99 7#B7 OBS]VES1 )!
CAN9E TEE? PROJECT+ 3SID]ABLY 2Y ! O!RS
9 ! SAME MANN] Z 9 ! AN?ROPOMORPH\S
APES1 B 9 A LESS DEGREE4 ,9 ^! CASES1
OP5 SPACES 2T ! TEE? 9 ! "O JAW >E LEFT
=! RECEP;N (! CAN9ES (! OPPOSITE JAW4
,AN 9T]-SPACE ( ? K9D 9 A ,KA6IR SKULL1
FIGUR$ 0,WAGN]1 IS SURPRIS+LY WIDE4 99
7#C7 ,3SID]+ H[ FEW >E ! ANCI5T SKULLS :
H BE5 EXAM9$1 -P>$ 6REC5T SKULLS1 X IS
AN 9T]E/+ FACT T 9 AT L1/ ?REE CASES !
CAN9ES PROJECT L>GELY2 & 9 ! ,NAULETTE
JAW !Y >E SPOK5 ( Z 5\RM\S4 99 7#D7
      --,ANATOMY ( ,V]TEBRATES1 VOL4
    ;III41 #AHFH1 P4 #CBC4
      997#B7 ,G5]ELLE ,MORPHOLOGIE1
    #AHFF1 ,B4 ;II41 S4 CLV4
      997#C7 ,C>L ,VOGT'S ,LECTURES ON
    ,MAN1 ,5G4 TRANSLAT41 #AHFD1 P4
    #AEA4
      997#D7 ,C4 ,C>T] ,BLAKE1 ON A JAW
    F ,LA ,NAULETTE1 ,AN?ROPOLOGICAL
    ,REVIEW1 #AHFG1 P4 #BIE4
    ,S*AA6HAUS51 IBID41 #AHFH1 P4 #DBF4
  ,(! AN?ROPOMORPH\S APES ! MALES AL"O H
_! CAN9ES FULLY DEVELOP$2 B 9 ! FEMALE
GORILLA1 & 9 A LESS DEGREE 9 ! FEMALE
ORANG1 ^! TEE? PROJECT 3SID]ABLY 2Y !
O!RS2 "!=E ! FACT1 ( : ,I H BE5 ASSUR$1
T WOM5 "S"TS H 3SID]ABLY PROJECT+
CAN9ES1 IS NO S]I\S OBJEC;N 6! 2LIEF T
_! O3A.NAL GRT DEVELOP;T 9 MAN IS A CASE
( REV].N 6AN APE-L PROG5ITOR4 ,HE :O
REJECTS ) SCORN ! 2LIEF T ! %APE ( 8 [N
CAN9ES1 & _! O3A.NAL GRT DEVELOP;T 9 O!R
M51 >E DUE 6\R E>LY =E"FS HAV+ BE5
PROVID$ ) ^! =MIDA# W1PONS1 W PROBABLY
REV1L1 0SNE]+1 ! L9E ( 8 DESC5T4 ,= ?\<
HE NO L;G] 9T5DS1 NOR HAS ! P[]1 6USE ^!
TEE? Z W1PONS1 HE W UNCONSCI\SLY RETRACT
8 8SN>L+ MUSCLES0 7?US "ND 0,SIR ,C4
,BELL71 99 S Z 6EXPOSE !M R1DY = AC;N1 L
A DOG PREP>$ 6FI<T4
      --,! ,ANATOMY ( ,EXPRES.N1 #AHDD1
    PP4 #AAJ1 #ACA4
  ,_M MUSCLES >E O3A.N,Y DEVELOP$ 9 MAN1
: >E PROP] 6! ,QUADRUMANA OR O!R
MAMMALS4 ,PROFESSOR ,VLACOVI* 99 EXAM9$
=TY MALE SUBJECTS1 & F.D A MUSCLE1 CALL$
0HM ! IS*IO-PUBIC1 9 N9ETE5 ( !M2 9 ?REE
O!RS "! 0 A LIGA;T : REPRES5T$ ? MUSCLE2
& 9 ! REMA9+ EI<TE5 NO TRACE ( X4 ,9
ONLY TWO \ ( ?IRTY FEMALE SUBJECTS 0 ?
MUSCLE DEVELOP$ ON BO? SIDES1 B 9 ?REE
O!RS ! RUDI;T>Y LIGA;T 0 PRES5T4 ,?
MUSCLE1 "!=E1 APPE>S 6BE M* M -MON 9 !
MALE ?AN 9 ! FEMALE SEX2 & ON ! 2LIEF 9
! DESC5T ( MAN F "S L[] =M1 ! FACT IS
9TELLIGI#2 = X HAS BE5 DETECT$ 9 S"EAL (
! L[] ANIMALS1 & 9 ALL ( ^! X S]VES
EXCLUSIVELY 6AID ! MALE 9 ! ACT (
REPRODUC;N4
      --,QUOT$ 0,PR(4 ,CANE/R9I 9 !
    ,ANNU>IO1 DELLA ,SOC4 DEI
    ,NATURALI/I1 #AHFG1 P4 #IJ4
      ,MR4 ,J4 ,WOOD1 9 8 VALUA# S]IES (
    PAP]S1 99 HAS M9UTELY DESCRIB$ A VA/
    NUMB] ( MUSCUL> V>I,NS 9 MAN1 :
    RESEM# NORMAL /RUCTURES 9 ! L[]
    ANIMALS4 ,! MUSCLES : CLOSELY RESEM#
    ^? REGUL>LY PRES5T 9 \R NE>E/
    ALLIES1 ! ,QUADRUMANS1 >E TOO NUM]\S
    6BE "H EV5 SPECIFI$4 ,9 A S+LE MALE
    SUBJECT1 HAV+ A /R;G BODILY FRAME1 &
    WELL-=M$ SKULL1 NO LESS ?AN SEV5
    MUSCUL> V>I,NS 7 OBS]V$1 ALL ( :
    PLA9LY REPRES5T$ MUSCLES PROP]
    6V>I\S K9DS ( APES4 ,? MAN1 = 9/.E1
    _H ON BO? SIDES ( 8 NECK A TRUE &
    P[];L 8LEVATOR CLAVICULAE10 S* Z IS
    F.D 9 ALL K9DS ( APES1 & : IS SD
    6O3UR 9 AB "O \ ( SIXTY HUMAN
    SUBJECTS4 99 7#B7 ,AG1 ? MAN _H 8A
    SPECIAL ABDUCTOR (! METAT>SAL B"O (!
    FIF? DIGIT1 S* Z ,PROFESSOR ,HUXLEY
    & ,MR4 ,FL[] H %EWN 6EXI/ UNI=MLY 9
    ! HI<] & L[] APES40 ,I W GIVE ONLY
    TWO A4I;NAL CASES2 ! ACROMIO-BASIL>
    MUSCLE IS F.D 9 ALL MAMMALS 2L MAN1
    & SEEMS 6BE CORRELAT$ )A QUADRUP$AL
    GAIT1 99 7#C7 & X O3URS 9 AB "O \ (
    SIXTY HUMAN SUBJECTS4 ,9 ! L[]
    EXTREMITIES ,MR4 ,BRADLEY 99 7#D7
    F.D AN ABDUCTOR OSSIS METAT>SI QU9TI
    9 BO? FEET ( MAN2 ? MUSCLE _H N UP
    6T "T BE5 RECORD$ 9 MANK9D1 B IS ALW
    PRES5T 9 ! AN?ROPOMORPH\S APES4 ,!
    MUSCLES (! H&S & >MS- "PS : >E S
    EM95TLY "*I/IC ( MAN- >E EXTREMELY
    LIA# 6V>Y1 S Z 6RESEM# ! CORRESPOND+
    MUSCLES 9 ! L[] ANIMALS4 99 7#E7 ,S*
    RESEMBL.ES >E EI P]FECT OR IMP]FECT2
    YET 9 ! LATT] CASE !Y >E MANIFE/LY (
    A TRANSI;NAL NATURE4 ,C]TA9 V>I,NS
    >E M -MON 9 MAN1 & O!RS 9 WOMAN1 )\T
    \R 2+ A# 6ASSIGN ANY R1SON4 ,MR4
    ,WOOD1 AF DESCRIB+ NUM]\S V>I,NS1
    MAKES ! FOLL[+ PREGNANT REM>K4
    8,NOTA# DE"PURES F ! ORD9>Y TYPE (
    MUSCUL> /RUCTURES RUN 9 GROOVES OR
    DIREC;NS1 : M/ 2 TAK5 69DICATE "S
    UN"KN FACTOR1 ( M* IMPORT.E 6A
    -PREH5SIVE K ( G5]AL & SCI5TIFIC
    ANATOMY48 997#F7
      --,^! PAP]S DES]VE C>E;L /UDY 0ANY
    "O :O DESIRES 6LE>N H[ FREQU5TLY \R
    MUSCLES V>Y1 & 9 V>Y+ -E 6RESEM# ^?
    (! ,QUADRUMANA4 ,! FOLL[+ REF];ES
    RELATE 6! FEW PO9TS T\*$ ON 9 MY
    TEXT3 ,PROC4 ,ROYAL ,SOC41 VOL4
    ;XIV41 #AHFE1 PP4 #CGI-CHD2 VOL4
    ;XV41 #AHFF1 PP4 #BDA1 #BDB2 VOL4
    ;XV41 #AHFG1 P4 #EDD2 VOL4 ;XVI41
    #AHFH1 P4 #EBD4 ,I MAY "H ADD T ,DR4
    ,MURIE & ,MR4 ,/4 ,GEORGE ,MIV>T H
    %EWN 9 _! ,MEMOIR ON ! ,LEMUROIDEA
    7,TRANSAC;NS1 ,ZOOLOGICAL ,SOCIETY1
    VOL4 ;VII41 #AHFI1 P4 #IF71 H[
    EXTRAORD9>ILY V>IA# "S (! MUSCLES >E
    9 ^! ANIMALS1 ! L[E/ MEMB]S (!
    PRIMATES4 ,GRAD,NS1 AL1 9 ! MUSCLES
    L1D+ 6/RUCTURES F.D 9 ANIMALS / L[]
    9 ! SCALE1 >E NUM]\S 9 !
    ,LEMUROIDEA4
      997#B7 ,SEE AL ,PR(4 ,MACALI/] 9
    ,PROCE$+S1 ,ROYAL ,IRI% ,ACADEMY1
    VOL4 X41 #AHFH1 P4 #ABD4
      997#C7 ,MR4 ,*AMPNEYS 9 ,J\RNAL (
    ,ANATOMY & ,PHYSIOLOGY1 ,NOV41
    #AHGA1 P4 #AGH4
      997#D7 ,IBID41 ,MAY1 #AHGB1 P4
    #DBA4
      997#E7 ,PR(4 ,MACALI/] 7IBID41 P4
    #ABA7 HAS TABULAT$ 8 OBS]V,NS1 &
    F9DS T MUSCUL> ABNORMALITIES >E MO/
    FREQU5T 9 ! =E->MS1 SECONDLY1 9 !
    FACE1 ?IRDLY1 9 ! FOOT1 &C4
      997#F7 ,! ,REV4 ,DR4 ,HAU<TON1 AF
    GIV+ 7,PROC4 ,R4 ,IRI% ,ACADEMY1
    ,JUNE #BG1 #AHFD1 P4 #GAE7 A REM>KA#
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    POLLICIS L;GUS1 A4S1 8,? REM>KA#
    EXAMPLE %[S T MAN MAY "S"TS POSSESS
    ! >RANGE;T ( T5DONS ( ?UMB & F+]S
    "*I/IC (! MACAQUE2 B :E!R S* A CASE
    %D 2 REG>D$ Z A MACAQUE PASS+ UPW>DS
    96A MAN1 OR A MAN PASS+ D[NW>DS 96A
    MACAQUE1 OR Z A 3G5ITAL FR1K (
    NATURE1 ,I _C "UTAKE 6SAY40 ,X IS
    SATISFACTORY 6HE> S CAPA# AN
    ANATOMI/1 & S EMBITT]$ AN OPPON5T (
    EVOLU;NISM1 ADMITT+ EV5 ! POSSIBIL;Y
    ( EI ( 8 F/ PROPOSI;NS4 ,PR(4
    ,MACALI/] HAS AL DESCRIB$ 7,PROCE$+S
    ,ROYAL ,IRI% ,ACADEMY1 VOL4 X41
    #AHFD1 P4 #ACH7 V>I,NS 9 ! FLEXOR
    POLLICIS L;GUS1 REM>KA# F _! REL,NS
    6! SAME MUSCLE 9 ! ,QUADRUMANA4
  ,T ? UN"KN FACTOR IS REV].N 6A =M]
/ATE ( EXI/;E MAY 2 ADMITT$ Z 9 ! HI<E/
DEGREE PROBA#4 99 ,X IS Q 9CR$I# T A MAN
%D "? M]E A3ID5T ABNORM,Y RESEM# C]TA9
APES 9 NO LESS ?AN SEV5 ( 8 MUSCLES1 IF
"! _H BE5 NO G5ETIC 3NEC;N 2T !M4 ,ON !
O!R H&1 IF MAN IS DESC5D$ F "S APE-L
CR1TURE1 NO VALID R1SON C 2 ASSIGN$ :Y
C]TA9 MUSCLES %D N SU45LY REAPPE> AF AN
9T]VAL ( _M ?\S& G5],NS1 9 ! SAME MANN]
Z ) HORSES1 ASSES1 & MULES1 D>K-COL\R$
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%\LD]S1 AF AN 9T]VAL ( HUNDR$S1 OR M
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      --,S9CE ! F/ EDI;N ( ? BOOK
    APPE>$1 ,MR4 ,WOOD HAS PUBLI%$ ANO!R
    MEMOIR 9 ! ,PHILOSOPHICAL
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    PURPOSE IF ,I H SU3E$$ 9 %EW+ ! M
    IMPORTANT =MS :1 :5 O3URR+ Z
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    ANATOMICAL SCI;E40
  ,^! V>I\S CASES ( REV].N >E S CLOSELY
RELAT$ 6^? ( RUDI;T>Y ORGANS GIV5 9 ! F/
*APT]1 T _M ( !M MI<T H BE5 9DI6]5TLY
9TRODUC$ EI "! OR "H4 ,?US A HUMAN UT]US
FURNI%$ ) CORNUA MAY 2 SD 6REPRES5T1 9 A
RUDI;T>Y 3DI;N1 ! SAME ORGAN 9 XS NORMAL
/ATE 9 C]TA9 MAMMALS4 ,"S "PS : >E
RUDI;T>Y 9 MAN1 Z ! OS CO3YX 9 BO?
SEXES1 &! MAMMAE 9 ! MALE SEX1 >E ALW
PRES5T2 :IL/ O!RS1 S* Z ! SUPRACONDYLOID
=AM51 ONLY O3A.N,Y APPE>1 & "!=E MI<T H
BE5 9TRODUC$ "U ! H1D ( REV].N4 ,^!
S"EAL REV].N>Y /RUCTURES1 Z WELL Z !
/RICTLY RUDI;T>Y "OS1 REV1L ! DESC5T (
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  ,CORRELAT$ ,V>I,N4- ,9 MAN1 Z 9 ! L[]
ANIMALS1 _M /RUCTURES >E S 9TIMATELY
RELAT$1 T :5 "O "P V>IES S DOES ANO!R1
)\T \R 2+ A#1 9 MO/ CASES1 6ASSIGN ANY
R1SON4 ,WE _C SAY :E!R ! "O "P GOV]NS !
O!R1 OR :E!R BO? >E GOV]N$ 0"S E>LI]
DEVELOP$ "P4 ,V>I\S MON/ROSITIES1 Z ,I4
,GE(FROY REP1T$LY 9SI/S1 >E ?US
9TIMATELY 3NECT$4 ,HOMOLOG\S /RUCTURES
>E "PICUL>LY LIA# 6*ANGE TGR1 Z WE SEE
ON ! OPPOSITE SIDES (! BODY1 & 9 ! UPP]
& L[] EXTREMITIES4 ,MECKEL L;G AGO
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PROP] TYPE1 !Y ALM ALW IMITATE ^? (!
LEG2 & S1 3V]SELY1 )! MUSCLES (! LEGS4
,! ORGANS ( SI<T & HE>+1 ! TEE? & HAIR1
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3/ITU;N1 >E M OR LESS CORRELAT$4 99
,PROFESSOR ,S*AA6HAUS5 F/ DREW ATT5;N 6!
REL,N APP>5TLY EXI/+ 2T A MUSCUL> FRAME
&! /R;GLY-PRON\NC$ SUPRA-ORBITAL RIDGES1
: >E S "*I/IC (! L[] RACES ( MAN4
      --,! AU?ORITIES = ^! S"EAL /ATE;TS
    >E GIV5 9 MY ,V>I,N ( ,ANIMALS &
    ,PLANTS "U ,DOME/IC,N1 VOL4 ;II41
    PP4 #CBJ-CCE4
  ,2SS ! V>I,NS : C 2 GR\P$ ) M OR LESS
PROBABIL;Y "U ! =EGO+ H1DS1 "! IS A L>GE
CLASS ( V>I,NS : MAY 2 PROVI.N,Y CALL$
SPONTANE\S1 = 6\R IGNOR.E !Y APPE> 6>ISE
)\T ANY EXCIT+ CAUSE4 ,X C1 H["E1 2 %EWN
T S* V>I,NS1 :E!R 3SI/+ ( SLI<T
9DIVIDUAL DI6];ES1 OR ( /R;GLY-M>K$ &
ABRUPT DEVI,NS ( /RUCTURE1 DEP5D M* M ON
! 3/ITU;N (! ORGANISM ?AN ON ! NATURE (!
3DI;NS 6: X HAS BE5 SUBJECT$4 99
      --,? :OLE SUBJECT HAS BE5 4CUSS$ 9
    *AP4 ;XXIII41 VOL4 ;II4 ( MY ,V>I,N
    ( ,ANIMALS & ,PLANTS "U ,DOME/IC,N4
  ,RATE ( ,9CR1SE4- ,CIVILIS$ POPUL,NS H
BE5 "KN "U FAV\RA# 3DI;NS1 Z 9 ! ,UNIT$
,/ATES1 6D\# _! NUMB]S 9 TW5TY-FIVE
YE>S2 &1 AC 6A CALCUL,N1 0,EUL]1 ? MI<T
O3UR 9 A LL OV] TWELVE YE>S4 99 ,AT !
=M] RATE1 ! PRES5T POPUL,N (! ,UNIT$
,/ATES 7?IRTY MILLIONS71 WD 9 #FEG YE>S
COV] ! :OLE T]RAQUE\S GLOBE S ?ICKLY1 T
F\R M5 WD H 6/& ON EA* SQU>E Y>D (
SURFACE4 ,! PRIM>Y OR FUNDA;TAL *ECK 6!
3T9U$ 9CR1SE ( MAN IS ! DI6ICULTY ( GA9+
SUBSI/;E1 &( LIV+ 9 -=T4 ,WE MAY 9F] T ?
IS ! CASE F :AT WE SEE1 = 9/.E1 9 !
,UNIT$ ,/ATES1 ": SUBSI/;E IS EASY1 & "!
IS PL5TY ( ROOM4 ,IF S* M1NS 7 SU45LY
D\#D 9 ,GRT ,BRITA91 \R NUMB] WD 2 QKLY
D\#D4 ,) CIVILIS$ N,NS ? PRIM>Y *ECK
ACTS *IEFLY 0RE/RA9+ M>RIAGES4 ,! GRT]
D1?-RATE ( 9FANTS 9 ! POORE/ CLASSES IS
AL V IMPORTANT2 Z WELL Z ! GRT]
MORTAL;Y1 F V>I\S 41SES1 (! 9HABITANTS (
CR[D$ & MIS]A# H\SES1 AT ALL AGES4 ,!
E6ECTS ( SEV]E EPIDEMICS & W>S >E SOON
C.T]BAL.ED1 & M ?AN C.T]BAL.ED1 9 N,NS
PLAC$ "U FAV\RA# 3DI;NS4 ,EMIGR,N AL -ES
9 AID Z A TEMPOR>Y *ECK1 B1 )! EXTREMELY
POOR CLASSES1 N 6ANY GRT EXT5T4
      --,SEE ! "E MEMORA# ,ESSAY ON !
    ,PR9CIPLE ( ,POPUL,N1 0! ,REV4 ,T4
    ,MAL?US1 VOL4 I4 #AHBF4 PP4 #F1
    #EAG4
  ,"! IS GRT R1SON 6SUSPECT1 Z ,MAL?US
HAS REM>K$1 T ! REPRODUCTIVE P[] IS
ACTU,Y LESS 9 B>B>\S1 ?AN 9 CIVILIS$
RACES4 ,WE "K NO?+ POSITIVELY ON ? H1D1
=) SAVAGES NO C5SUS HAS BE5 TAK52 B F !
3CURR5T TE/IMONY ( MIS.N>IES1 &( O!RS :O
H L;G RESID$ ) S* P1 X APPE>S T _!
FAMILIES >E USU,Y SMALL1 & L>GE "OS R>E4
,? MAY 2 "PLY A3.T$ =1 Z X IS 2LIEV$1 0!
WOM5 SUCKL+ _! 9FANTS DUR+ A L;G "T2 B X
IS HI<LY PROBA# T SAVAGES1 :O (T5 SU6]
M* H>D%IPS1 & :O D N OBTA9 S M*
NUTRITI\S FOOD Z CIVILIS$ M51 WD 2
ACTU,Y LESS PROLIFIC4 ,I H %EWN 9 A =M]
"W1 99 T ALL \R DOME/ICAT$ QUADRUP$S &
BIRDS1 & ALL \R CULTIVAT$ PLANTS1 >E M
F]TILE ?AN ! CORRESPOND+ SPECIES 9 A
/ATE ( NATURE4 ,X IS NO VALID OBJEC;N 6?
3CLU.N T ANIMALS SU45LY SUPPLI$ ) AN
EXCESS ( FOOD1 OR :5 GR[N V FAT2 & T MO/
PLANTS ON SU45 REMOVAL F V POOR 6V RI*
SOIL1 >E R5D]$ M OR LESS /]ILE4 ,WE
MI<T1 "!=E1 EXPECT T CIVILIS$ M51 :O 9
"O S5SE >E HI<LY DOME/ICAT$1 WD 2 M
PROLIFIC ?AN WILD M54 ,X IS AL PROBA# T
! 9CR1S$ F]TIL;Y ( CIVILIS$ N,NS WD
2COME1 Z ) \R DOME/IC ANIMALS1 AN 9H]IT$
"*3 X IS AT L1/ "KN T ) MANK9D A T5D5CY
6PRODUCE TW9S RUNS 9 FAMILIES4 99 7#B7
      --,V>I,N ( ,ANIMALS & ,PLANTS "U
    ,DOME/IC,N1 VOL ;II41 PP4 #AAA-AAC1
    #AFC4
      997#B7 ,MR4 ,S$GWICK1 ,BRITI% &
    ,=EIGN ,M$ICO-,*IRURGICAL ,REVIEW1
    ,JULY1 #AHFC1 P4 #AGJ4
  ,NOT)/&+ T SAVAGES APPE> 6BE LESS
PROLIFIC ?AN CIVILIS$ P1 !Y WD NO D\BT
RAPIDLY 9CR1SE IF _! NUMB]S 7 N 0"S M1NS
RIGIDLY KEPT D[N4 ,! ,SANTALI1 OR HILL-
TRIBES ( ,9DIA1 H REC5TLY AF=D$ A GD
ILLU/R,N ( ? FACT2 =1 Z %EWN 0,MR4
,HUNT]1 99 !Y H 9CR1S$ AT AN EXTRAORD9>Y
RATE S9CE VA39,N HAS BE5 9TRODUC$1 O!R
PE/IL;ES MITIGAT$1 & W> /]NLY REPRESS$4
,? 9CR1SE1 H["E1 WD N H BE5 POSSI# _H N
^! RUDE P SPR1D 96! ADJO9+ 4TRICTS1 &
"W$ = HIRE4 ,SAVAGES ALM ALW M>RY2 YET
"! IS "S PRUD5TIAL RE/RA9T1 = !Y D N
-MONLY M>RY AT ! E>LIE/ POSSI# AGE4 ,!
"Y M5 >E (T5 REQUIR$ 6%EW T !Y C SUPPORT
A WIFE2 & !Y G5],Y H F/ 6E>N ! PRICE ) :
6PUR*ASE H] F H] P>5TS4 ,) SAVAGES !
DI6ICULTY ( OBTA9+ SUBSI/;E O3A.N,Y
LIMITS _! NUMB] 9 A M* M DIRECT MANN]
?AN ) CIVILIS$ P1 = ALL TRIBES P]IODIC,Y
SU6] F SEV]E FAM9ES4 ,AT S* "TS SAVAGES
>E =C$ 6DEV\R M* BAD FOOD1 & _! H1L? C
H>DLY FAIL 6BE 9JUR$4 ,_M A3.TS H BE5
PUBLI%$ ( _! PROTRUD+ /OMA*S & EMACIAT$
LIMBS AF & DUR+ FAM9ES4 ,!Y >E !N1 AL1
-PELL$ 6W&] M*1 &1 Z ,I 0 ASSUR$ 9
,AU/RALIA1 _! 9FANTS P]I% 9 L>GE NUMB]S4
,Z FAM9ES >E P]IODICAL1 DEP5D+ *IEFLY ON
EXTREME S1SONS1 ALL TRIBES M/ FLUCTUATE
9 NUMB]4 ,!Y _C /1DILY & REGUL>LY
9CR1SE1 Z "! IS NO >TIFICIAL 9CR1SE 9 !
SUPPLY ( FOOD4 ,SAVAGES1 :5 H>D PRESS$1
5CROA* ON EA* O!R'S T]RITORIES1 & W> IS
! RESULT2 B !Y >E 9DE$ ALM ALW AT W> )
_! NEI<B\RS4 ,!Y >E LIA# 6_M A3ID5TS ON
L& & WAT] 9 _! SE>* = FOOD2 & 9 "S
C.TRIES !Y SU6] M* F ! L>G] B1/S ( PREY4
,EV5 9 ,9DIA1 4TRICTS H BE5 DEPOPULAT$
0! RAVAGES ( TIG]S4
  99 ,! ,ANIMALS ( ,RURAL ,B5GAL1 BY
;,W4 ,W4 ,HUNT]1 #AHFH1 P4 #BEI4
  ,MAL?US HAS 4CUSS$ ^! S"EAL *ECKS1 B
HE DOES N LAY /RESS 5 ON :AT IS PROBABLY
! MO/ IMPORTANT ( ALL1 "NLY 9FANTICIDE1
ESPECI,Y ( FEMALE 9FANTS &! HABIT (
PROCUR+ ABOR;N4 ,^! PRACTICES N[ PREVAIL
9 _M QU>T]S (! _W2 & 9FANTICIDE SEEMS
=M]LY 6H PREVAIL$1 Z ,MR4 ,M',L5NAN 99
HAS %EWN ON A / M EXT5SIVE SCALE4 ,^!
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=EGO+ *ECKS2 B ? DOES N FOLL[ F FAIL+
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T 9 "S CASES 7Z 9 ,JAPAN7 X HAS BE5
9T5;N,Y 5C\RAG$ Z A M1NS ( KEEP+ D[N !
POPUL,N4
      --,PRIMITIVE ,M>RIAGE1 #AHFE4
  ,IF WE LOOK BACK 6AN EXTREMELY REMOTE
EPO*1 2F MAN _H >RIV$ AT ! DIGN;Y (
MANHOOD1 HE WD H BE5 GUID$ M 09/9CT &
LESS 0R1SON ?AN >E ! L[E/ SAVAGES AT !
PRES5T "T4 ,\R E>LY SEMI-HUMAN
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S P]V]T$ 99 Z 6L1D !M REGUL>LY 6DE/ROY
_! [N (FSPR+1 OR 6BE Q DEVOID ( J1L\SY4
,"! WD H BE5 NO PRUD5TIAL RE/RA9T F
M>RIAGE1 &! SEXES WD H FREELY UNIT$ AT
AN E>LY AGE4 ,H;E ! PROG5ITORS ( MAN WD
H T5D$ 69CR1SE RAPIDLY2 B *ECKS ( "S
K9D1 EI P]IODICAL OR 3/ANT1 M/ H KEPT
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SAVAGES4 ,:AT ! PRECISE NATURE ( ^!
*ECKS W]E1 WE _C SAY1 ANY M ?AN ) MO/
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>E N EXTREMELY PROLIFIC ANIMALS1 :5 F/
TURN$ LOOSE 9 ,S\? ,AM]ICA1 9CR1S$ AT AN
ENORM\S RATE4 ,! ELEPHANT1 ! SL[E/ BRE$]
( ALL "KN ANIMALS1 WD 9 A FEW ?\S& YE>S
/OCK ! :OLE _W4 ,! 9CR1SE ( E SPECIES (
MONKEY M/ 2 *ECK$ 0"S M1NS2 B N1 Z
,BREHM REM>KS1 0! ATTACKS ( B1/S ( PREY4
,NO "O W ASSUME T ! ACTUAL P[] (
REPRODUC;N 9 ! WILD HORSES & CATTLE (
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9CR1S$2 OR T1 Z EA* 4TRICT 2CAME FULLY
/OCK$1 ? SAME P[] 0 DIM9I%$4 ,NO D\BT1 9
? CASE1 & 9 ALL O!RS1 _M *ECKS 3CUR1 &
DI6]5T *ECKS "U DI6]5T CIRCUM/.ES2
P]IODICAL DE>?S1 DEP5D+ ON UNFAV\RA#
S1SONS1 2+ PROBABLY ! MO/ IMPORTANT (
ALL4 ,S X W H BE5 )! E>LY PROG5ITORS (
MAN4
      --,A WRIT] 9 ! ,SPECTATOR 7,M>*
    #AB1 #AHGA1 P4 #CBJ7 -;TS Z FOLL[S
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    -PELL$ 6RE9TRODUCE A NEW DOCTR9E (!
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    HI<] ANIMALS >E F> NO#R ?AN ! HABITS
    ( SAVAGE RACES ( M51 & HE F9DS HMF1
    "!=E1 -PELL$ 6RE-9TRODUCE1- 9 A =M (
    ! SUB/ANTIAL OR?ODOXY ( : HE APPE>S
    6BE Q UNCONSCI\S1- & 69TRODUCE Z A
    SCI5TIFIC HYPO!SIS ! DOCTR9E T MAN'S
    GA9 ( K 0 ! CAUSE (A TEMPOR>Y B L;G-
    5DUR+ MORAL DET]IOR,N Z 9DICAT$ 0!
    _M F\L CU/OMS1 ESPECI,Y Z 6M>RIAGE1
    ( SAVAGE TRIBES4 ,:AT DOES ! ,JEWI%
    TRADI;N (! MORAL DEG5],N ( MAN "? 8
    SNAT*+ AT A K =BI45 HM 0HIS HI<E/
    9/9CT ASS]T 2Y ?80
  ,NATURAL ,SELEC;N4- ,WE H N[ SE5 T MAN
IS V>IA# 9 BODY & M9D2 & T ! V>I,NS >E
9DUC$1 EI DIRECTLY OR 9DIRECTLY1 0! SAME
G5]AL CAUSES1 & OBEY ! SAME G5]AL LAWS1
Z )! L[] ANIMALS4 ,MAN HAS SPR1D WIDELY
OV] ! FACE (! E>?1 & M/ H BE5 EXPOS$1
DUR+ 8 9CESSANT MIGR,N1 99 6! MO/
DIV]SIFI$ 3DI;NS4 ,! 9HABITANTS ( ,TI]RA
DEL ,FUEGO1 ! ,CAPE ( ,GD ,HOPE1 &
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REGIONS 9 ! O!R1 M/ H PASS$ "? _M
CLIMATES1 & *ANG$ _! HABITS _M "TS1 2F
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PROG5ITORS ( MAN M/ AL H T5D$1 L ALL O!R
ANIMALS1 6H 9CR1S$ 2Y _! M1NS (
SUBSI/;E2 !Y M/1 "!=E1 O3A.N,Y H BE5
EXPOS$ 6A /RU7LE = EXI/;E1 & 3SEQU5TLY
6! RIGID LAW ( NATURAL SELEC;N4
,B5EFICIAL V>I,NS ( ALL K9DS W ?US1 EI
O3A.N,Y OR HABITU,Y1 H BE5 PRES]V$ &
9JURI\S "OS ELIM9AT$4 ,I D N REF]
6/R;GLY-M>K$ DEVI,NS ( /RUCTURE1 : O3UR
ONLY AT L;G 9T]VALS ( "T1 B 6M]E
9DIVIDUAL DI6];ES4 ,WE "K1 = 9/.E1 T !
MUSCLES ( \R H&S & FEET1 : DET]M9E \R
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ANIMALS1 99 7#C7 69CESSANT V>IABIL;Y4
,IF !N ! PROG5ITORS ( MAN 9HABIT+ ANY
4TRICT1 ESPECI,Y "O "UGO+ "S *ANGE 9 XS
3DI;NS1 7 DIVID$ 96TWO EQUAL BODIES1 !
"O HALF : 9CLUD$ ALL ! 9DIVIDUALS BE/
ADAPT$ 0_! P[]S ( MOVE;T = GA9+
SUBSI/;E1 OR = DEF5D+ !MVS1 WD ON AN
AV]AGE SURVIVE 9 GRT] NUMB]S1 & PROCR1TE
M (FSPR+ ?AN ! O!R & LESS WELL 5D[$
HALF4
      --,SEE "S GD REM>KS 6? E6ECT BY
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    ,D>W9'S ,!ORY10 ,NATURE #AHFI1 P4
    #BCA4
      997#B7 ,LA?AM1 ,MAN & 8 ,MIGR,NS1
    #AHEA1 P4 #ACE4
      997#C7 ,MESSRS4 ,MURIE & ,MIV>T 9
    _! 8,ANATOMY (! ,LEMUROIDEA0
    7,TRANSACT4 ,ZOOLOG4 ,SOC41 VOL4
    ;VII41 #AHFI1 PP4 #IF-IH7 SAY1 "1 "S
    MUSCLES >E S IRREGUL> 9 _! 4TRIBU;N
    T !Y _C 2 WELL CLASS$ 9 ANY (! ABV
    GR\PS40 ,^! MUSCLES DI6] EV5 ON !
    OPPOSITE SIDES (! SAME 9DIVIDUAL4
  ,MAN 9 ! RUDE/ /ATE 9 : HE N[ EXI/S IS
! MO/ DOM9ANT ANIMAL T HAS "E APPE>$ ON
? E>?4 ,HE HAS SPR1D M WIDELY ?AN ANY
O!R HI<LY ORGANIS$ =M3 & ALL O!RS H
YIELD$ 2F HM4 ,HE MANIFE/LY [ES ? IMM5SE
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6HIS SOCIAL HABITS1 : L1D HM 6AID &
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/RUCTURE4 ,! SUPREME IMPORT.E ( ^! "*S
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= LIFE4 ,"? 8 P[]S ( 9TELLECT1 >TICULATE
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WOND];L ADV.E;T HAS MA9LY DEP5D$4 ,Z
,MR4 ,*AUNCEY ,W"R REM>KS3 8,A
PSY*OLOGICAL ANALYSIS (! FACULTY (
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?AN ! GRTE/ PROFICI5CY 9 ANY O!R
DIREC;N48 99 ,HE HAS 9V5T$ & IS A# 6USE
V>I\S W1PONS1 TOOLS1 TRAPS1 &C41 ) : HE
DEF5DS HMF1 KILLS OR CAT*ES PREY1 &
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F]TILE ISL&S4 ,HE HAS 4COV]$ ! >T ( MAK+
FIRE1 0: H>D & /R+Y ROOTS C 2 R5D]$
DIGE/I#1 & POISON\S ROOTS OR H]BS
9NOCU\S4 ,? 4COV]Y ( FIRE1 PROBABLY !
GRTE/ "E MADE 0MAN1 EXCEPT+ LANGUAGE1
DATES F 2F ! DAWN ( HI/ORY4 ,^! S"EAL
9V5;NS1 0: MAN 9 ! RUDE/ /ATE HAS 2COME
S PRE-EM95T1 >E ! DIRECT RESULTS (!
DEVELOP;T ( 8 P[]S ( OBS]V,N1 MEMORY1
CURIOS;Y1 IMAG9,N1 & R1SON4 ,I _C1 "!=E1
"U/& H[ X IS T ,MR4 ,WALLACE 99 7#B7
MA9TA9S1 T 8NATURAL SELEC;N CD ONLY H
5D[$ ! SAVAGE )A BRA9 A LL SUP]IOR 6T (
AN APE40
      --8,LIMITS ( ,NATURAL ,SELEC;N10
    ,NOR? ,AM]ICAN ,REVIEW1 ,OCT41
    #AHGJ1 P4 #BIE4
      997#B7 ,QU>T]LY ,REVIEW1 ,APRIL1
    #AHFI1 P4 #CIB4 ,? SUBJECT IS M
    FULLY 4CUSS$ 9 ,MR4 ,WALLACE'S
    ,3TRIBU;NS 6! ,!ORY ( ,NATURAL
    ,SELEC;N1 #AHGJ1 9 : ALL ! ESSAYS
    REF]R$ 6IN ? "W >E RE-PUBLI%$4 ,!
    8,ESSAY ON ,MAN10 HAS BE5 ABLY
    CRITICIS$ 0,PR(4 ,CLAP>$E1 "O (! MO/
    4T+UI%$ ZOOLOGI/S 9 ,EUROPE1 9 AN
    >TICLE PUBLI%$ 9 ! ,BIBLIO!QUE
    ,UNIV]SELLE1 ,JUNE1 #AHGJ4 ,! REM>K
    QUOT$ 9 MY TEXT W SURPRISE E "O :O
    HAS R1D ,MR4 ,WALLACE'S CELEBRAT$
    PAP] ON 8,! ,ORIG9 ( ,HUMAN ,RACES
    ,DEDUC$ F ! ,!ORY ( ,NATURAL
    ,SELEC;N10 ORIG9,Y PUBLI%$ 9 !
    ,AN?ROPOLOGICAL ,REVIEW1 ,MAY1
    #AHFD1 P4 CLVIII4 ,I _C "H RESI/
    QUOT+ A MO/ J REM>K 0,SIR ,J4
    ,LU2OCK 7,PREHI/ORIC ,"TS1 #AHFE1 P4
    #DGI7 9 REF];E 6? PAP]1 "NLY1 T ,MR4
    ,WALLACE1 8) "*I/IC UNSELFI%;S1
    ASCRIBES X 7I4 E4 ! IDEA ( NATURAL
    SELEC;N7 UNRES]V$LY 6,MR4 ,D>W91
    AL?1 Z IS WELL "KN1 HE /RUCK \ !
    IDEA 9DEP5D5TLY1 & PUBLI%$ X1 ?\< N
    )! SAME ELABOR,N1 AT ! SAME "T40
  ,AL? ! 9TELLECTUAL P[]S & SOCIAL
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W 2 DEVOT$2 ! DEVELOP;T (! 9TELLECTUAL &
SOCIAL OR MORAL FACULTIES 2+ 4CUSS$ 9 A
LAT] *APT]4
  ,EV5 6HAMM] ) PRECI.N IS NO EASY
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,FUEGIAN 9 DEF5D+ HMF1 OR 9 KILL+ BIRDS1
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%\LD]1 &1 FUR!R1 A F9E S5SE ( T\*4 ,9
?R[+ A /"O OR SPE>1 & 9 _M O!R AC;NS1 A
MAN M/ /& FIRMLY ON 8 FEET2 & ? AG DEM&S
! P]FECT CO-ADAPT,N ( NUM]\S MUSCLES4
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B>B$ SPE> OR HOOK F A B"O1 DEM&S ! USE (
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FRAG;TS ( /"O 96KNIVES1 L.ES1 OR >R[-
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FL9T TOOLS OR RUDE POTT]Y1 B C]TA9
9DIVIDUALS APPE> 6H DEVOT$ !MVS 6S* "W1
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*ASE4 ,>*AEOLOGI/S >E 3V9C$ T AN ENORM\S
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H>DLY D\BT1 T A MAN-L ANIMAL :O POSSESS$
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T (! VOCAL ORGANS1 : 9 ! APES >E US$ =
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      --,QUOT$ 0,MR4 ,LAWSON ,TAIT 9 8
    8,LAW ( ,NATURAL ,SELEC;N10 ,DUBL9
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PATT]N Z \R [N1 B >E F> LESS P]FECTLY
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S]VE = LOCOMO;N S WELL Z ! FEET (A DOG2
Z MAY 2 SE5 9 S* MONKEYS Z ! *IMPANZEE &
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9 ! SAME MANN] Z WE D4 ,!Y C ?US AL LIFT
R L>GE OBJECTS1 S* Z ! NECK (A BOTTLE1
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  WD X 2 9JURI\S 6!M F ! LOSS ( W>M?1 Z
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  >E PROTECT$ 0A ?ICK LAY] ( BLU2]1 S]V+
  ! SAME PURPOSE Z ! FUR ( S1LS & OTT]S4
  ,ELEPHANTS & RH9OC]OSES >E ALM HAIR.S2
  & Z C]TA9 EXT9CT SPECIES1 : =M]LY LIV$
  "U AN >CTIC CLIMATE1 7 COV]$ ) L;G
  WOOL OR HAIR1 X WD ALM APPE> Z IF !
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  HAIRY COV]+ F EXPOSURE 6H1T4 ,? APPE>S
  ! M PROBA#1 Z ! ELEPHANTS 9 ,9DIA :
  LIVE ON ELEVAT$ & COOL 4TRICTS >E M
  HAIRY 99 ?AN ^? ON ! L[L&S4 ,MAY WE !N
  9F] T MAN 2CAME DIVE/$ ( HAIR F HAV+
  ABORIG9,Y 9HABIT$ "S TROPICAL L&8 ,T !
  HAIR IS *IEFLY RETA9$ 9 ! MALE SEX ON
  ! *E/ & FACE1 & 9 BO? SEXES AT !
  JUNC;N ( ALL F\R LIMBS )! TRUNK1
  FAV\RS ? 9F];E- ON ! ASSUMP;N T ! HAIR
  0 LO/ 2F MAN 2CAME ERECT2 =! "PS : N[
  RETA9 MO/ HAIR WD !N H BE5 MO/
  PROTECT$ F ! H1T (! SUN4 ,! CR[N (!
  H1D1 H["E1 (F]S A CURI\S EXCEP;N1 = AT
  ALL "TS X M/ H BE5 "O (! MO/ EXPOS$
  "PS1 YET X IS ?ICKLY CLO!D ) HAIR4 ,!
  FACT1 H["E1 T ! O!R MEMB]S (! ORD] (
  PRIMATES1 6: MAN 2L;GS1 AL? 9HABIT+
  V>I\S HOT REGIONS1 >E WELL CLO!D )
  HAIR1 G5],Y ?ICKE/ ON ! UPP]
  SURFACE1997#B7 IS OPPOS$ 6! SUPPOSI;N
  T MAN 2CAME NAK$ "? ! AC;N (! SUN4
  ,MR4 ,BELT 2LIEVES 99 7#C7 T )9 !
  TROPIES X IS AN ADVANTAGE 6MAN 6BE
  DE/ITUTE ( HAIR1 Z HE IS ?US 5A#D
  6FREE HMF (! MULTITUDE ( TICKS 7AC>I7
  & O!R P>ASITES1 ) : HE IS (T5 9FE/$1 &
  : "S"TS CAUSE ULC],N4 ,B :E!R ? EVIL
  IS ( SU6ICI5T MAGNITUDE 6H L$ 6!
  DENUD,N ( 8 BODY "? NATURAL SELEC;N1
  MAY 2 D\BT$1 S9CE N"O (! _M QUADRUP$S
  9HABIT+ ! TROPICS H1 Z F> Z ,I "K1
  ACQUIR$ ANY SPECIALIS$ M1NS ( RELIEF4
  ,! VIEW : SEEMS 6ME ! MO/ PROBA# IS T
  MAN1 OR R PRIM>ILY WOMAN1 2CAME DIVE/$
  ( HAIR = ORNA;TAL PURPOSES1 Z WE % SEE
  "U ,SEXUAL ,SELEC;N2 &1 AC 6? 2LIEF1 X
  IS N SURPRIS+ T MAN %D DI6] S GRTLY 9
  HAIRI;S F ALL O!R PRIMATES1 = "*S1
  GA9$ "? SEXUAL SELEC;N1 (T5 DI6] 6AN
  EXTRAORD9>Y DEGREE 9 CLOSELY RELAT$
  =MS4

      --,[51 ,ANATOMY ( ,V]TEBRATES1
    VOL4 ;III41 P4 #FAI4
      997#B7 ,ISIDORE ,GE(FROY ,/-
    ,HILAIRE REM>KS 7,HI/OIRE ,NAT4
    ,G5]ALE1 TOM4 ;II41 #AHEI1 PP4 #BAE-
    #BAG7 ON ! H1D ( MAN 2+ COV]$ ) L;G
    HAIR2 AL ON ! UPP] SURFACES (
    MONKEYS &( O!R MAMMALS 2+ M ?ICKLY
    CLO!D ?AN ! L[] SURFACES4 ,? HAS
    LIKEWISE BE5 OBS]V$ 0V>I\S AU?ORS4
    ,PR(4 ,P4 ,G]VAIS 7,HI/OIRE ,NAT4
    DES ,MAMMIF]ES1 TOM4 I41 #AHED1 P4
    #BH71 H["E1 /ATES T 9 ! GORILLA !
    HAIR IS ?9N] ON ! BACK1 ": X IS "PLY
    RU2$ (F1 ?AN ON ! L[] SURFACE4
      997#C7 ,! ,NATURALI/ 9 ,NIC>AGUA1
    #AHGD1 P4 #BJI4 ,Z "S 3FIRM,N ( ,MR4
    ,BELT'S VIEW1 ,I MAY QUOTE ! FOLL[+
    PASSAGE F ,SIR ,W4 ,D5ISON
    7,V>IETIES ( ,VICE-,REGAL ,LIFE1
    VOL4 I41 #AHGJ1 P4 #DDJ73 8,X IS SD
    6BE A PRACTICE )! ,AU/RALIANS1 :5 !
    V]M9 GET TR\#"S1 6S+E !MVS40
  ,AC 6A POPUL> IMPRES.N1 ! ABS;E (A
TAIL IS EM95TLY 4T9CTIVE ( MAN2 B Z ^?
APES : -E NE>E/ 6HM >E DE/ITUTE ( ?
ORGAN1 XS 4APPE>.E DOES N RELATE
EXCLUSIVELY 6MAN4 ,! TAIL (T5 DI6]S
REM>KABLY 9 L5G? )9 ! SAME G5US3 ?US 9
"S SPECIES ( ,MACACUS X IS L;G] ?AN !
:OLE BODY1 & IS =M$ ( TW5TY-F\R
V]TEBRAE2 9 O!RS X 3SI/S (A SC>CELY
VISI# /UMP1 3TA9+ ONLY ?REE OR F\R
V]TEBRAE4 ,9 "S K9DS ( BABOONS "! >E
TW5TY-FIVE1 :IL/ 9 ! M&RILL "! >E T5 V
SMALL /UNT$ CAUDAL V]TEBRAE1 OR1 AC
6,CUVI]1 99 "S"TS ONLY FIVE4 ,! TAIL1
:E!R X 2 L;G OR %ORT1 ALM ALW TAP]S
T[>DS ! 5D2 & ?1 ,I PRESUME1 RESULTS F !
ATROPHY (! T]M9AL MUSCLES1 TGR ) _!
>T]IES & N]VES1 "? 4USE1 L1D+ 6! ATROPHY
(! T]M9AL B"OS4 ,B NO EXPLAN,N C AT
PRES5T 2 GIV5 (! GRT DIV]S;Y : (T5 O3URS
9 XS L5G?4 ,"H1 H["E1 WE >E M SPECI,Y
3C]N$ )! -PLETE EXT]NAL 4APPE>.E (!
TAIL4 ,PROFESSOR ,BROCA HAS REC5TLY
%EWN997#B7 T ! TAIL 9 ALL QUADRUP$S
3SI/S ( TWO POR;NS1 G5],Y SEP>AT$
ABRUPTLY F EA* O!R2 ! BASAL POR;N 3SI/S
( V]TEBRAE1 M OR LESS P]FECTLY *ANNELL$
& FURNI%$ ) APOPHYSES L ORD9>Y V]TEBRAE2
":AS ^? (! T]M9AL POR;N >E N *ANNELL$1
>E ALM SMOO?1 & SC>CELY RESEM# TRUE
V]TEBRAE4 ,A TAIL1 ?\< N EXT]N,Y VISI#1
IS RE,Y PRES5T 9 MAN &! AN?ROPOMORPH\S
APES1 & IS 3/RUCT$ ON EXACTLY ! SAME
PATT]N 9 BO?4 ,9 ! T]M9AL POR;N !
V]TABRAE1 3/ITUT+ ! OS CO3YX1 >E Q
RUDI;T>Y1 2+ M* REDUC$ 9 SIZE & NUMB]4
,9 ! BASAL POR;N1 ! V]TEBRAE >E LIKEWISE
FEW1 >E UNIT$ FIRMLY TGR1 & >E >RE/$ 9
DEVELOP;T2 B !Y H BE5 R5D]$ M* BROAD] &
FLATT] ?AN ! CORRESPOND+ V]TEBRAE 9 !
TAILS ( O!R ANIMALS3 !Y 3/ITUTE :AT
,BROCA CALLS ! A3ESSORY SACRAL V]TEBRAE4
,^! >E ( FUNC;NAL IMPORT.E 0SUPPORT+
C]TA9 9T]NAL "PS & 9 O!R WAYS2 & _!
MODIFIC,N IS DIRECTLY 3NECT$ )! ERECT OR
SEMI-ERECT ATTITUDE ( MAN &!
AN?ROPOMORPH\S APES4 ,? 3CLU.N IS ! M
TRU/WOR?Y1 Z ,BROCA =M]LY HELD A DI6]5T
VIEW1 : HE HAS N[ AB&ON$4 ,! MODIFIC,N1
"!=E1 (! BASAL CAUDAL V]TEBRAE 9 MAN &!
HI<] APES MAY H BE5 E6ECT$1 DIRECTLY OR
9DIRECTLY1 "? NATURAL SELEC;N4
      --,MR4 ,/4 ,GEORGE ,MIV>T1 ,PROC4
    ,ZOOLOG4 ,SOC41 #AHFE1 PP4 #EFB1
    #EHC4 ,DR4 ,J4 ,E4 ,GRAY1 ,CAT4
    ,BRIT4 ,MUS3 "1 ,SKELETONS40 ,[51
    ,ANATOMY ( ,V]TEBRATES1 VOL4 ;II41
    P4 #EAG4 ,ISIDORE ,GE(FROY1 ,HI/4
    ,NAT4 ,G541 TOM4 ;II41 P4 #BDD4
      997#B7 ,REVUE D',AN?ROPOLOGIE1
    #AHGB2 8,LA ,3/ITU;N DES V]TEBRES
    CAUDALES40
  ,B :AT >E WE 6SAY AB ! RUDI;T>Y &
V>IA# V]TEBRAE (! T]M9AL POR;N (! TAIL1
=M+ ! OS CO3YX8 ,A NO;N : HAS (T5 BE51 &
W NO D\BT AG 2 RIDICUL$1 "NLY1 T FRIC;N
HAS _H "S?+ 6D )! 4APPE>.E (! EXT]NAL
POR;N (! TAIL1 IS N S RIDICUL\S Z X AT
F/ APPE>S4 ,DR4 ,&]SON 99 /ATES T !
EXTREMELY %ORT TAIL ( ,MACACUS BRUNNEUS
IS =M$ ( ELEV5 V]TEBRAE1 9CLUD+ ! IMB$D$
BASAL "OS4 ,! EXTREM;Y IS T5D9\S & 3TA9S
NO V]TEBRAE2 ? IS SU3E$$ 0FIVE RUDI;T>Y
"OS1 S M9UTE T TGR !Y >E ONLY "O L9E &A
HALF 9 L5G?1 & ^! >E P]MAN5TLY B5T 6"O
SIDE 9 ! %APE (A HOOK4 ,! FREE "P (!
TAIL1 ONLY A LL ABV AN 9* 9 L5G?1
9CLUDES ONLY F\R M SMALL V]TEBRAE4 ,?
%ORT TAIL IS C>RI$ ERECT2 B AB A QU>T] (
XS TOTAL L5G? IS D\#D ON 6XF 6! LEFT2 &
? T]M9AL "P1 : 9CLUDES ! HOOK-L POR;N1
S]VES 86FILL UP ! 9T]SPACE 2T ! UPP]
DIV]G5T POR;N (! CALLOSITIES02 S T !
ANIMAL SITS ON X1 & ?US R5D]S X R\< &
CALL\S4 ,DR4 ,&]SON ?US SUMS UP 8
OBS]V,NS3 8,^! FACTS SEEM 6ME 6H ONLY "O
EXPLAN,N2 ? TAIL1 F XS %ORT SIZE1 IS 9 !
MONKEY'S WAY :5 X SITS D[N1 & FREQU5TLY
2COMES PLAC$ "U ! ANIMAL :ILE X IS 9 ?
ATTITUDE2 & F ! CIRCUM/.E T X DOES N
EXT5D 2Y ! EXTREM;Y (! IS*IAL
TUB]OSITIES1 X SEEMS Z IF ! TAIL ORIG9,Y
_H BE5 B5T R.D 0! W (! ANIMAL1 96!
9T]SPACE 2T ! CALLOSITIES1 6ESCAPE 2+
PRESS$ 2T !M &! GR.D1 & T 9 "T !
CURVATURE 2CAME P]MAN5T1 FITT+ 9 ( XF :5
! ORGAN HAPP5S4 6BE SAT ^U40 ,"U ^!
CIRCUM/.ES X IS N SURPRIS+ T ! SURFACE (
! TAIL %D H BE5 R\<5$ & R5D]$ CALL\S1 &
,DR4 ,MURIE1 99 7#B7 :O C>E;LLY OBS]V$ ?
SPECIES 9 ! ,ZOOLOGICAL ,G>D5S1 Z WELL Z
?REE O!R CLOSELY ALLI$ =MS ) SLI<TLY
L;G] TAILS1 SAYS T :5 ! ANIMAL SITS D[N1
! TAIL 8IS NECESS>ILY ?RU/ 6"O SIDE (!
BUTTOCKS2 & :E!R L;G OR %ORT XS ROOT IS
3SEQU5TLY LIA# 6BE RU2$ OR *AF$40 ,Z WE
N[ H EVID;E T MUTIL,NS O3A.N,Y PRODUCE
AN 9H]IT$ E6ECT1 99 7#C7 X IS N V
IMPROBA# T 9 %ORT-TAIL$ MONKEYS1 !
PROJECT+ "P (! TAIL1 2+ FUNC;N,Y USE.S1
%D AF _M G5],NS H 2COME RUDI;T>Y &
4TORT$1 F 2+ 3T9U,Y RU2$ & *AF$4 ,WE SEE
! PROJECT+ "P 9 ? 3DI;N 9 ! ,MACACUS
BRUNNEUS1 & ABSOLUTELY ABORT$ 9 ! ,M4
ECAUDATUS & 9 S"EAL (! HI<] APES4 ,F9,Y1
!N1 Z F> Z WE C JUDGE1 ! TAIL HAS
4APPE>$ 9 MAN &! AN?ROPOMORPH\S APES1 [+
6! T]M9AL POR;N HAV+ BE5 9JUR$ 0FRIC;N
DUR+ A L;G LAPSE ( "T2 ! BASAL & EMB$D$
POR;N HAV+ BE5 REDUC$ & MODIFI$1 S Z
62COME SUITA# 6! ERECT OR SEMI-ERECT
POSI;N4
      --,PROCE$+S ,ZOOLOGICAL ,SOCIETY1
    #AHGB1 P4 #BAJ4
      997#B7 ,PROCE$+S ,ZOOLOGICAL
    ,SOCIETY1 #AHGB1 P4 #GHF4
      997#C7 ,I ALLUDE 6,DR4 ,BR[N-
    ,SEQU>D'S OBS]V,NS ON ! TRANSMITT$
    E6ECT ( AN OP],N CAUS+ EPILEPSY 9
    GU9EA-PIGS1 & LIKEWISE M REC5TLY ON
    ! ANALOG\S E6ECTS ( CUTT+ !
    SYMPA!TIC N]VE 9 ! NECK4 ,I % "HAF H
    O3A.N 6REF] 6,MR4 ,SALV9'S 9T]E/+
    CASE (! APP>5TLY 9H]IT$ E6ECTS (
    MOTMOTS BIT+ (F ! B>BS ( _! [N TAIL-
    F1!RS4 ,SEE AL ON ! G5]AL SUBJECT
    ,V>I,N ( ,ANIMALS & ,PLANTS "U
    ,DOME/IC,N1 VOL4 ;II41 PP4 #BB-BD4
  ,I H N[ 5D1V\R$ 6%EW T "S (! MO/
4T9CTIVE "*S ( MAN H 9 ALL PROBABIL;Y
BE5 ACQUIR$1 EI DIRECTLY1 OR M -MONLY
9DIRECTLY1 "? NATURAL SELEC;N4 ,WE %D
BE> 9 M9D T MODIFIC,NS 9 /RUCTURE OR
3/ITU;N : D N S]VE 6ADAPT AN ORGANISM
6XS HABITS ( LIFE1 6! FOOD : X 3SUMES1
OR PASSIVELY 6! SURR.D+ 3DI;NS1 _C H BE5
?US ACQUIR$4 ,WE M/ N1 H["E1 2 TOO
3FID5T 9 DECID+ :AT MODIFIC,NS >E (
S]VICE 6EA* 2+3 WE %D REMEMB] H[ LL WE
"K AB ! USE ( _M "PS1 OR :AT *ANGES 9 !
BLOOD OR TISSUES MAY S]VE 6FIT AN
ORGANISM =A NEW CLIMATE OR NEW K9DS (
FOOD4 ,NOR M/ WE =GET ! PR9CIPLE (
CORREL,N1 0:1 Z ,ISIDORE ,GE(FROY HAS
%EWN 9 ! CASE ( MAN1 _M /RANGE DEVI,NS (
/RUCTURE >E TI$ TGR4 ,9DEP5D5TLY (
CORREL,N1 A *ANGE 9 "O "P (T5 L1DS1 "? !
9CR1S$ OR DECR1S$ USE ( O!R "PS1 6O!R
*ANGES (A Q UNEXPECT$ NATURE4 ,X IS AL
WELL 6REFLECT ON S* FACTS1 Z ! WOND];L
GR[? ( GALLS ON PLANTS CAUS$ 0! POISON (
AN 9SECT1 & ON ! REM>KA# *ANGES ( COL\R
9 ! PLUMAGE ( P>ROTS :5 F$ ON C]TA9
FI%ES1 OR 9OCULAT$ )! POISON ( TOADS2 99
= WE C ?US SEE T ! FLUIDS (! SY/EM1 IF
ALT]$ = "S SPECIAL PURPOSE1 MI<T 9DUCE
O!R *ANGES4 ,WE %D ESPECI,Y BE> 9 M9D T
MODIFIC,NS ACQUIR$ & 3T9U,Y US$ DUR+ PA/
AGES = "S USE;L PURPOSE1 WD PROBABLY
2COME FIRMLY FIX$1 & MI<T 2 L;G 9H]IT$4
      --,! ,V>I,N ( ,ANIMALS & ,PLANTS
    "U ,DOME/IC,N1 VOL4 ;II41 PP4 #BHJ1
    #BHB4
  ,?US A L>GE YET UNDEF9$ EXT5.N MAY
SAFELY 2 GIV5 6! DIRECT & 9DIRECT
RESULTS ( NATURAL SELEC;N2 B ,I N[
ADMIT1 AF R1D+ ! ESSAY 0,NAGELI ON
PLANTS1 &! REM>KS 0V>I\S AU?ORS )
RESPECT 6ANIMALS1 M ESPECI,Y ^? REC5TLY
MADE 0,PROFESSOR ,BROCA1 T 9 ! E>LI]
EDI;NS ( MY ,ORIG9 ( ,SPECIES ,I P]H
ATTRIBUT$ TOO M* 6! AC;N ( NATURAL
SELEC;N OR ! SURVIVAL (! FITTE/4 ,I H
ALT]$ ! FIF? EDI;N (! ,ORIG9 S Z 63F9E
MY REM>KS 6ADAPTIVE *ANGES ( /RUCTURE2 B
,I AM 3V9C$1 F ! LI<T GA9$ DUR+ EV5 !
LA/ FEW YE>S1 T V _M /RUCTURES : N[
APPE> 6U USE.S1 W "HAF 2 PROV$ 6BE
USE;L1 & W "!=E -E )9 ! RANGE ( NATURAL
SELEC;N4 ,N"E!.S1 ,I DID N =M]LY 3SID]
SU6ICI5TLY ! EXI/;E ( /RUCTURES1 :1 Z F>
Z WE C AT PRES5T JUDGE1 >E NEI B5EFICIAL
NOR 9JURI\S2 & ? ,I 2LIEVE 6BE "O (!
GRTE/ OV]SI<TS Z YET DETECT$ 9 MY "W4 ,I
MAY 2 P]MITT$ 6SAY1 Z "S EXCUSE1 T ,I _H
TWO 4T9CT OBJECTS 9 VIEW2 F/LY1 6%EW T
SPECIES _H N BE5 SEP>ATELY CR1T$1 &
SECONDLY1 T NATURAL SELEC;N _H BE5 !
*IEF AG5T ( *ANGE1 ?\< L>GELY AID$ 0!
9H]IT$ E6ECTS ( HABIT1 & SLI<TLY 0!
DIRECT AC;N (! SURR.D+ 3DI;NS4 ,I 0 N1
H["E1 A# 6ANNUL ! 9FLU;E ( MY =M] 2LIEF1
!N ALM UNIV]SAL1 T EA* SPECIES _H BE5
PURPOSELY CR1T$2 & ? L$ 6MY TACIT
ASSUMP;N T E DETAIL ( /RUCTURE1 EXCEPT+
RUDI;TS1 0 ( "S SPECIAL1 ?\<
UNRECOGNIS$1 S]VICE4 ,ANY "O ) ?
ASSUMP;N 9 8 M9D WD NATUR,Y EXT5D TOO F>
! AC;N ( NATURAL SELEC;N1 EI DUR+ PA/ OR
PRES5T "TS4 ,"S ( ^? :O ADMIT ! PR9CIPLE
( EVOLU;N1 B REJECT NATURAL SELEC;N1
SEEM 6=GET1 :5 CRITICIS+ MY BOOK1 T ,I
_H ! ABV TWO OBJECTS 9 VIEW2 H;E IF ,I H
]R$ 9 GIV+ 6NATURAL SELEC;N GRT P[]1 :
,I AM V F> F ADMITT+1 OR 9 HAV+ EXA7]AT$
XS P[]1 : IS 9 XF PROBA#1 ,I H AT L1/1 Z
,I HOPE1 D"O GD S]VICE 9 AID+ 6OV]?R[ !
DOGMA ( SEP>ATE CRE,NS4
  ,X IS1 Z ,I C N[ SEE1 PROBA# T ALL
ORGANIC 2+S1 9CLUD+ MAN1 POSSESS
PECULI>ITIES ( /RUCTURE1 : NEI >E N[1
NOR 7 =M]LY ( ANY S]VICE 6!M1 & :1 "!=E1
>E ( NO PHYSIOLOGICAL IMPORT.E4 ,WE "K N
:AT PRODUCES ! NUMB].S SLI<T DI6];ES 2T
! 9DIVIDUALS ( EA* SPECIES1 = REV].N
ONLY C>RIES ! PRO#M A FEW /EPS BACKW>DS1
B EA* PECULI>;Y M/ H _H XS E6ICI5T
CAUSE4 ,IF ^! CAUSES1 :AT"E !Y MAY BE1 7
6ACT M UNI=MLY & 5]GETIC,Y DUR+ A L5G!N$
P]IOD 7& AG/ ? NO R1SON C 2 ASSIGN$71 !
RESULT WD PROBABLY 2 N A M]E SLI<T
9DIVIDUAL DI6];E1 B A WELL-M>K$ & 3/ANT
MODIFIC,N1 ?\< "O ( NO PHYSIOLOGICAL
IMPORT.E4 ,*ANG$ /RUCTURES1 : >E 9 NO
WAY B5EFICIAL1 _C 2 KEPT UNI=M "?
NATURAL SELEC;N1 ?\< ! 9JURI\S W 2 ?US
ELIM9AT$4 ,UNI=M;Y ( "* WD1 H["E1
NATUR,Y FOLL[ F ! ASSUM$ UNI=M;Y (!
EXCIT+ CAUSES1 & LIKEWISE F ! FREE
9T]CROSS+ ( _M 9DIVIDUALS4 ,DUR+
SU3ESSIVE P]IODS1 ! SAME ORGANISM MI<T 9
? MANN] ACQUIRE SU3ESSIVE MODIFIC,NS1 :
WD 2 TRANSMITT$ 9 A NE>LY UNI=M /ATE Z
L;G Z ! EXCIT+ CAUSES REMA9$ ! SAME & "!
0 FREE 9T]CROSS+4 ,) RESPECT 6! EXCIT+
CAUSES WE C ONLY SAY1 Z :5 SP1K+ ( S-
CALL$ SPONTANE\S V>I,NS1 T !Y RELATE M*
M CLOSELY 6! 3/ITU;N (! V>Y+ ORGANISM1
?AN 6! NATURE (! 3DI;NS 6: X HAS BE5
SUBJECT$4
  ,3CLU.N4- ,9 ? *APT] WE H SE5 T Z MAN
AT ! PRES5T "D IS LIA#1 L E O!R ANIMAL1
6MULTI=M 9DIVIDUAL DI6];ES OR SLI<T
V>I,NS1 S NO D\BT 7 ! E>LY PROG5ITORS (
MAN2 ! V>I,NS 2+ =M]LY 9DUC$ 0! SAME
G5]AL CAUSES1 & GOV]N$ 0! SAME G5]AL &
-PLEX LAWS Z AT PRES5T4 ,Z ALL ANIMALS
T5D 6MULTIPLY 2Y _! M1NS ( SUBSI/;E1 S X
M/ H BE5 )! PROG5ITORS ( MAN2 & ? WD
9EVITABLY L1D 6A /RU7LE = EXI/;E &
6NATURAL SELEC;N4 ,! LATT] PROCESS WD 2
GRTLY AID$ 0! 9H]IT$ E6ECTS (! 9CR1S$
USE ( "PS1 & ^! TWO PROCESSES WD
9CESSANTLY REACT ON EA* O!R4 ,X APPE>S1
AL1 Z WE % "HAF SEE1 T V>I\S UNIMPORTANT
"*S H BE5 ACQUIR$ 0MAN "? SEXUAL
SELEC;N4 ,AN UNEXPLA9$ RESIDUUM ( *ANGE
M/ 2 LEFT 6! ASSUM$ UNI=M AC;N ( ^?
UN"KN AG5CIES1 : O3A.N,Y 9DUCE /R;GLY
M>K$ & ABRUPT DEVI,NS ( /RUCTURE 9 \R
DOME/IC PRODUC;NS4
  ,JUDG+ F ! HABITS ( SAVAGES &(! GRT]
NUMB] (! ,QUADRUMANA1 PRIMEVAL M51 & EV5
_! APE-L PROG5ITORS1 PROBABLY LIV$ 9
SOCIETY4 ,) /RICTLY SOCIAL ANIMALS1
NATURAL SELEC;N "S"TS ACTS ON !
9DIVIDUAL1 "? ! PRES]V,N ( V>I,NS : >E
B5EFICIAL 6! -MUN;Y4 ,A -MUN;Y : 9CLUDES
A L>GE NUMB] ( WELL-5D[$ 9DIVIDUALS
9CR1SES 9 NUMB]1 & IS VICTORI\S OV] O!R
LESS FAV\R$ "OS2 EV5 AL? EA* SEP>ATE
MEMB] GA9S NO ADVANTAGE OV] ! O!RS (!
SAME -MUN;Y4 ,ASSOCIAT$ 9SECTS H ?US
ACQUIR$ _M REM>KA# /RUCTURES1 : >E ( LL
OR NO S]VICE 6! 9DIVIDUAL1 S* Z ! POLL5-
COLLECT+ APP>ATUS1 OR ! /+ (! "W]-BEE1
OR ! GRT JAWS ( SOLDI]-ANTS4 ,)! HI<]
SOCIAL ANIMALS1 ,I AM N AW>E T ANY
/RUCTURE HAS BE5 MODIFI$ SOLELY =! GD (!
-MUN;Y1 ?\< "S >E ( SECOND>Y S]VICE 6X4
,= 9/.E1 ! HORNS ( RUM9ANTS &! GRT CAN9E
TEE? ( BABOONS APPE> 6H BE5 ACQUIR$ 0!
MALES Z W1PONS = SEXUAL /RIFE1 B !Y >E
US$ 9 DEF;E (! H]D OR TROOP4 ,9 REG>D
6C]TA9 M5TAL P[]S ! CASE1 Z WE % SEE 9 !
FIF? *APT]1 IS :OLLY DI6]5T2 = ^!
FACULTIES H BE5 *IEFLY1 OR EV5
EXCLUSIVELY1 GA9$ =! B5EFIT (! -MUN;Y1 &
! 9DIVIDUALS "!( H AT ! SAME "T GA9$ AN
ADVANTAGE 9DIRECTLY4
  ,X HAS (T5 BE5 OBJECT$ 6S* VIEWS Z !
=EGO+1 T MAN IS "O (! MO/ HELP.S &
DEF;E.S CR1TURES 9 ! _W2 & T DUR+ 8 E>LY
& LESS WELL-DEVELOP$ 3DI;N1 HE WD H BE5
/ M HELP.S4 ,! ,DUKE ( ,>GYLL1 = 9/.E1
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