               #CEJ ,,BC
             ,,METEOROLOGY
               0,>I/OTLE
      TRANSLAT$ BY ;,E4 ,W4 ,WEB/]
    ,TRANSLAT$ 96,GRADE ,,II ,BRL 0,MIKE
    ,KEI?LEY
                ,BOOK ,I
                   #A
  ,WE H ALR 4CUSS$ ! F/ CAUSES ( NATURE1
& ALL NATURAL MO;N1 AL ! />S ORD]$ 9 !
MO;N (! H1V5S1 &! PHYSICAL ELE;T-
ENUM]AT+ & SPECIFY+ !M & %[+ H[ !Y *ANGE
96"O ANO!R-& 2COM+ & P]I%+ 9 G5]AL4 ,"!
REMA9S = 3SID],N A "P ( ? 9QUIRY : ALL
\R PR$ECESSORS CALL$ METEOROLOGY4 ,X IS
3C]N$ ) EV5TS T >E NATURAL1 ?\< _! ORD]
IS LESS P]FECT ?AN T (! F/ (! ELE;TS (
BODIES4 ,!Y TAKE PLACE 9 ! REGION NE>E/
6! MO;N (! />S4 ,S* >E ! MILKY WAY1 &
-ETS1 &! MOVE;TS ( METEORS4 ,X /UDIES AL
ALL ! A6EC;NS WE MAY CALL -MON 6AIR &
WAT]1 &! K9DS & "PS (! E>? &! A6EC;NS (
XS "PS4 ,^! ?R[ LI<T ON ! CAUSES ( W9DS
& E>?QUAKES & ALL ! 3SEQU;ES ! MO;NS (
^! K9DS & "PS 9VOLVE4 ,( ^! ?+S "S
PUZZLE U1 :ILE O!RS ADMIT ( EXPLAN,N 9
"S DEGREE4 ,FUR!R1 ! 9QUIRY IS 3C]N$ )!
FALL+ ( ?"UBOLTS &) :IRLW9DS & FIRE-
W9DS1 & FUR!R1 ! RECURR5T A6EC;NS
PRODUC$ 9 ^! SAME BODIES 03CRE;N4 ,:5 !
9QUIRY 96^! MATT]S IS 3CLUD$ LET U 3SID]
:AT A3.T WE C GIVE1 9 A3ORD.E )! ME?OD
WE H FOLL[$1 ( ANIMALS & PLANTS1 BO?
G5],Y & 9 DETAIL4 ,:5 T HAS BE5 D"O WE
MAY SAY T ! :OLE ( \R ORIG9AL "UTAK+ W H
BE5 C>RI$ \4
  ,AF ? 9TRODUC;N LET U 2G9 04CUSS+ \R
IMM SUBJECT4
                   #B
  ,WE H ALR LAID D[N T "! IS "O PHYSICAL
ELE;T : MAKES UP ! SY/EM (! BODIES T
MOVE 9 A CIRCLE1 & 2SS ? F\R BODIES [+
_! EXI/;E 6! F\R PR9CIPLES1 ! MO;N ( ^!
LATT] BODIES 2+ ( TWO K9DS3 EI F ! C5TRE
OR 6! C5TRE4 ,^! F\R BODIES >E FIRE1
AIR1 WAT]1 E>?4 ,FIRE O3UPIES ! HI<E/
PLACE AM;G !M ALL1 E>? ! L[E/1 & TWO
ELE;TS CORRESPOND 6^! 9 _! REL,N 6"O
ANO!R1 AIR 2+ NE>E/ 6FIRE1 WAT] 6E>?4 ,!
:OLE _W SURR.D+ ! E>?1 !N1 ! A6EC;NS ( :
>E \R SUBJECT1 IS MADE UP ( ^! BODIES4
,? _W NECESS>ILY HAS A C]TA9 3T9U;Y )!
UPP] MO;NS3 3SEQU5TLY ALL XS P[] & ORD]
IS DERIV$ F !M4 7,=! ORIG9AT+ PR9CIPLE (
ALL MO;N IS ! F/ CAUSE4 ,2SS1 T CLE;T IS
ET]NAL & XS MO;N HAS NO LIMIT 9 SPACE1 B
IS ALW -PLETE2 ":AS ALL ^! O!R BODIES H
SEP>ATE REGIONS : LIMIT "O ANO!R47 ,S WE
M/ TR1T FIRE & E>? &! ELE;TS L !M Z !
MAT]IAL CAUSES (! EV5TS 9 ? _W 7M1N+
0MAT]IAL :AT IS SUBJECT & IS A6ECT$71 B
M/ ASSIGN CAUSAL;Y 9 ! S5SE (! ORIG9AT+
PR9CIPLE ( MO;N 6! 9FLU;E (! ET]N,Y MOV+
BODIES4
                   #C
  ,LET U F/ RECALL \R ORIG9AL PR9CIPLES
&! 4T9C;NS ALR DRAWN & !N EXPLA9 !
,8MILKY WAY0' & -ETS &! O!R PH5OM5A AK9
6^!4
  ,FIRE1 AIR1 WAT]1 E>?1 WE ASS]T1
ORIG9ATE F "O ANO!R1 & EA* ( !M EXI/S
POT5TI,Y 9 EA*1 Z ALL ?+S D T C 2
RESOLV$ 96A -MON & ULTIMATE SUB/RATE4
  ,! F/ DI6ICULTY IS RAIS$ 0:AT IS CALL$
! AIR4 ,:AT >E WE 6TAKE XS NATURE 6BE 9
! _W SURR.D+ ! E>?8 ,& :AT IS XS POSI;N
RELATIVELY 6! O!R PHYSICAL ELE;TS4 7,=
"! IS NO "Q Z 6! REL,N (! BULK (! E>? 6!
SIZE (! BODIES : EXI/ >.D X1 S9CE
A/RONOMICAL DEMON/R,NS H 0? "T PROV$ 6U
T X IS ACTU,Y F> SMALL] ?AN "S 9DIVIDUAL
/>S4 ,Z =! WAT]1 X IS N OBS]V$ 6EXI/
COLLECTIVELY & SEP>ATELY1 NOR C X D S
A"P F T VOLUME ( X : HAS XS S1T AB !
E>?3 ! SEA1 T IS1 & RIV]S1 : WE C SEE1 &
ANY SUBT]RAN1N WAT] T MAY 2 HI45 F \R
OBS]V,N47 ,! "Q IS RE,Y AB T : LIES 2T !
E>? &! NE>E/ />S4 ,>E WE 63SID] X 6BE "O
K9D ( BODY OR M ?AN "O8 ,& IF M ?AN "O1
H[ _M >E "! & :AT >E ! B.DS ( _!
REGIONS8
  ,WE H ALR DESCRIB$ & "*IZ$ ! F/ ELE;T1
& EXPLA9$ T ! :OLE _W (! UPP] MO;NS IS
FULL ( T BODY4
  ,? IS AN OP9ION WE >E N AL"O 9 HOLD+3
X APPE>S 6BE AN OLD ASSUMP;N & "O : M5 H
HELD 9 ! PA/1 =! ^W E!R HAS L;G BE5 US$
6DENOTE T ELE;T4 ,ANAXAGORAS1 X IS TRUE1
SEEMS 6ME 6?9K T ! ^W M1NS ! SAME Z
FIRE4 ,= HE ?"\ T ! UPP] REGIONS 7 FULL
( FIRE1 & T M5 REF]R$ 6^? REGIONS :5 !Y
SPOKE ( E!R4 ,9 ! LATT] PO9T HE 0 "R1 =
M5 SEEM 6H ASSUM$ T A BODY T 0 ET]N,Y 9
MO;N 0 AL DIV9E 9 NATURE2 &1 Z S* A BODY
0 DI6]5T F ANY (! T]RE/RIAL ELE;TS1 !Y
DET]M9$ 6CALL X ,8E!R0'4
  ,=! UM OP9IONS APPE> 9 CYCLES AM;G M5
N ONCE NOR TWICE1 B 9F9ITELY (T54
  ,N[ "! >E "S :O MA9TA9 T N ONLY !
BODIES 9 MO;N B T : 3TA9S !M IS PURE
FIRE1 &! 9T]VAL 2T ! E>? &! />S AIR3 B
IF !Y _H 3SID]$ :AT IS N[ SATISFACTORILY
E/ABLI%$ 0MA!MATICS1 !Y MI<T H GIV5 UP ?
PU]ILE OP9ION4 ,= X IS ALT *ILDI%
6SUPPOSE T ! MOV+ BODIES >E ALL ( !M (A
SMALL SIZE1 2C !Y S 6U1 LOOK+ AT !M F !
E>?4
  ,? A MATT] : WE H ALR 4CUSS$ 9 \R
TR1T;T (! UPP] REGION1 B WE MAY RETURN
6! PO9T N[4
  ,IF ! 9T]VALS 7 FULL ( FIRE &! BODIES
3SI/$ ( FIRE E "O (! O!R ELE;TS WD L;G
AGO H VANI%$4
  ,H["E1 !Y _C SIMPLY 2 SD 6BE FULL (
AIR EI2 = EV5 IF "! 7 TWO ELE;TS 6FILL !
SPACE 2T ! E>? &! H1V5S1 ! AIR WD F>
EXCE$ ! QUANTITU REQUIR$ 6MA9TA9 XS
PROP] PROPOR;N 6! O!R ELE;TS4 ,=! BULK (
! E>? 7: 9CLUDES ! :OLE VOLUME ( WAT]7
IS 9F9ITESIMAL 9 -P>ISON )! :OLE _W T
SURR.DS X4 ,N[ WE F9D T ! EXCESS 9
VOLUME IS N PROPOR;NATELY GRT ": WAT]
4SOLVES 96AIR OR AIR 96FIRE4 ,":AS !
PROPOR;N 2T ANY GIV5 SMALL QUANT;Y (
WAT] &! AIR T IS G5]AT$ F X "\ 6HOLD GD
2T ! TOTAL AM.T ( AIR &! TOTAL AM.T (
WAT]4 ,NOR DOES X MAKE ANY DI6];E IF ANY
"O D5IES T ! ELE;TS ORIG9ATE F "O ANO!R1
B ASS]TS T !Y >E EQUAL 9 P[]4 ,= ON ?
VIEW X IS C]TA9 AM.TS ( EA* T >E EQUAL 9
P[]1 J Z WD 2 ! CASE IF !Y ACTU,Y
ORIG9AT$ F "O ANO!R4
  ,S X IS CLE> T NEI AIR NOR FIRE AL"O
FILLS ! 9T]M$IATE SPACE4
  ,X REMA9S 6EXPLA91 AF A PRELIM9>Y
4CUS.N ( DI6ICULTIES1 ! REL,N (! TWO
ELE;TS AIR & FIRE 6! POSI;N (! F/ ELE;T1
&! R1SON :Y ! />S 9 ! UPP] REGION IM"P
H1T 6! E>? & XS NEI<B\RHOOD4 ,LET U F/
TR1T (! AIR1 Z WE PROPOS$1 & !N G ON 6^!
"QS4
  ,S9CE WAT] IS G5]AT$ F AIR1 & AIR F
WAT]1 :Y >E CL\DS N =M$ 9 ! UPP] AIR8
,!Y "\ 6=M "! ! M1 ! FUR!R F ! E>? &!
COLD] T REGION IS4 ,= X IS NEI
APPRECIABLY NE> 6! H1T (! />S1 NOR 6!
RAYS RELECT$ F ! E>?4 ,X IS ^! T 4SOLVE
ANY =M,N 0_! H1T & S PREV5T CL\DS F =M+
NE> ! E>?4 ,= CL\DS GA!R AT ! PO9T ": !
REFLECT$ RAYS 4P]SE 9 ! 9F9;Y ( SPACE &
>E LO/4 ,6EXPLA9 ? WE M/ SUPPOSE EI T X
IS N ALL AIR : WAT] IS G5]AT$1 OR1 IF X
IS PRODUC$ F ALL AIR ALIKE1 T :AT IMMLY
SURR.DS ! E>? IS N M]E AIR1 B A SORT (
VAP\R1 & T XS VAPOR\S NATURE IS ! R1SON
:Y X 3D5SES BACK 6WAT] AG4 ,B IF ! :OLE
( T VA/ REGION IS VAP\R1 ! AM.T ( AIR &(
WAT] W 2 4PROPOR;NATELY GRT4 ,=! SPACES
LEFT 0! H1V5LY BODIES M/ 2 FILL$ 0"S
ELE;T4 ,? _C 2 FIRE1 = !N ALL ! RE/ WD H
BE5 DRI$ UP4 ,3SEQU5TLY1 :AT FILLS X M/
2 AIR &! WAT] T SURR.DS ! :OLE E>?-VAP\R
2+ WAT] 4SOLV$4
  ,AF ? EXPOSI;N (! DI6ICULTIES 9VOLV$1
LET U G ON 6LAY D[N ! TRU?1 )A VIEW AT
ONCE 6:AT FOLL[S & 6:AT HAS ALR BE5 SD4
,! UPP] REGION Z F> Z ! MOON WE A6IRM
63SI/ (A BODY 4T9CT BO? F FIRE & F AIR1
B V>Y+ DEGREE ( PUR;Y & 9 K9D1 ESPECI,Y
T[>DS XS LIMIT ON ! SIDE (! AIR1 &(! _W
SURR.D+ ! E>?4 ,N[ ! CIRCUL> MO;N (! F/
ELE;T &(! BODIES X 3TA9S 4SOLVES1 &
9FLAMES 0XS MO;N1 :AT"E "P (! L[] _W IS
NE>E/ 6X1 & S G5]ATES H1T4 ,F ANO!R PO9T
( VIEW WE MAY LOOK AT ! MO;N Z FOLL[S4
,! BODY T LIES 2L ! CIRCUL> MO;N (!
H1V5S IS1 9 A SORT1 MATT]1 & IS POT5TI,Y
HOT1 COLD1 DRY1 MOI/1 & POSSESS$ ( :AT"E
O!R QUALITIES >E DERIV$ F ^!4 ,B X
ACTU,Y ACQUIRES OR RETA9S "O ( ^! 9
VIRTUE ( MO;N OR RE/1 ! CAUSE & PR9CIPLE
( : HAS ALR BE5 EXPLA9$4 ,S AT ! C5TRE &
R.D X WE GET E>? & WAT]1 ! H1VIE/ &
COLDE/ ELE;TS1 0!MVS2 R.D !M & 3TIGU\S )
!M1 AIR & :AT WE -MONLY CALL FIRE4 ,X IS
N RE,Y FIRE1 = FIRE IS AN EXCESS ( H1T &
A SORT ( EBULLI;N2 B 9 R1L;Y1 ( :AT WE
CALL AIR1 ! "P SURR.D+ ! E>? IS MOI/ &
W>M1 2C X 3TA9S BO? VAP\R &A DRY EXHAL,N
F ! E>?4 ,B ! NEXT "P1 ABV T1 IS W>M &
DRY4 ,= VAP\R IS NATUR,Y MOI/ & COLD1 B
! EXHAL,N W>M & DRY2 & VAP\R IS POT5TI,Y
L WAT]1 ! EXHAL,N POT5TI,Y L FIRE4 ,S WE
M/ TAKE ! R1SON :Y CL\DS >E N =M$ 9 !
UPP] REGION 6BE ?3 T X IS FILL$ N ) M]E
AIR B R )A SORT ( FIRE4
  ,H["E1 X MAY WELL 2 T ! =M,N ( CL\DS 9
T UPP] REGION IS AL PREV5T$ 0! CIRCUL>
MO;N4 ,=! AIR R.D ! E>? IS NECESS>ILY
ALL ( X 9 MO;N1 EXCEPT T : IS CUT (F
9SIDE ! CIRCUMF];E : MAKES ! E>? A
-PLETE SPH]E4 ,9 ! CASE ( W9DS X IS
ACTU,Y OBS]VA# T !Y ORIG9ATE 9 M>%Y
4TRICTS (! E>?2 & !Y D N SEEM 6BL[ ABV !
LEVEL (! HI<E/ M.TA9S4 ,X IS ! REVOLU;N
(! H1V5 : C>RIES ! AIR ) X & CAUSES XS
CIRCUL> MO;N1 FIRE 2+ 3T9U\S )! UPP]
ELE;T & AIR ) FIRE4 ,?US XS MO;N IS A
SECOND R1SON :Y T AIR IS N 3D5S$ 96WAT]4
  ,B :5"E A "PICLE ( AIR GR[S H1VY1 !
W>M? 9 X IS SQUEEZ$ \ 96! UPP] REGION &
X S9KS1 & O!R "PICLES 9 TURN >E C>RI$ UP
TGR )! FI]Y EXHAL,N4 ,?US ! "O REGION IS
ALW FULL ( AIR &! O!R ( FIRE1 & EA* ( !M
IS P]PETU,Y 9 A /ATE ( *ANGE4
  ,S M* 6EXPLA9 :Y CL\DS >E N =M$ & :Y !
AIR IS N 3D5S$ 96WAT]1 & :AT A3.T M/ 2
GIV5 (! SPACE 2T ! />S &! E>?1 & :AT IS
! BODY T FILLS X4
  ,Z =! H1T DERIV$ F ! SUN1 ! "R PLACE =
A SPECIAL & SCI5TIFIC A3.T ( X IS 9 !
TR1TISE AB S5SE1 S9CE H1T IS AN A6EC;N (
S5SE1 B WE MAY N[ EXPLA9 H[ X C 2
PRODUC$ 0! H1V5LY BODIES : >E N !MVS
HOT4
  ,WE SEE T MO;N IS A# 64SOLVE & 9FLAME
! AIR2 9DE$1 MOV+ BODIES >E (T5 ACTU,Y
F.D 6MELT4 ,N[ ! SUN'S MO;N AL"O IS
SU6ICI5T 6A3.T =! ORIG9 ( T]RE/RIAL W>M?
& H1T4 ,=A MO;N T IS 6H ? E6ECT M/ 2
RAPID & NE>1 & T (! />S IS RAPID B
4TANT1 :ILE T (! MOON IS NE> B SL[1 ":AS
! SUN'S MO;N -B9ES BO? 3DI;NS 9 A
SU6ICI5T DEGREE4 ,T MO/ H1T %D 2 G5]AT$
": ! SUN IS PRES5T IS EASY 6"U/& IF WE
3SID] ! ANALOGY ( T]RE/RIAL PH5OM5A1 =
"H1 TOO1 X IS ! AIR T IS NE>E/ 6A ?+ 9
RAPID MO;N : IS H1T$ MO/4 ,? IS J :AT WE
%D EXPECT1 Z X IS ! NE>E/ AIR T IS MO/
4SOLV$ 0! MO;N (A SOLID BODY4
  ,? !N IS "O R1SON :Y H1T R1*ES \R _W4
,ANO!R IS T ! FIRE SURR.D+ ! AIR IS (T5
SCATT]$ 0! MO;N (! H1V5S & DRIV5 D[NW>DS
9 SPITE ( XF4
  ,%OOT+-/>S FUR!R SU6IX 6PROVE T !
CELE/IAL SPH]E IS N HOT OR FI]Y3 = !Y D
N O3UR 9 T UPP] REGION B 2L3 YET ! M &!
FA/] A ?+ MOVES1 ! M APT X IS 6TAKE
FIRE4 ,2SS1 ! SUN1 : MO/ ( ALL ! />S IS
3SID]$ 6BE HOT1 IS RE,Y :ITE & N FI]Y 9
COL\R4
                   #D
  ,HAV+ DET]M9$ ^! PR9CIPLES LET U
EXPLA9 ! CAUSE (! APPE>.E 9 ! SKY (
BURN+ FLAMES &( %OOT+-/>S1 &(
,8TOR*ES0'1 & ,8GOATS0'1 Z "S P CALL !M4
,ALL ^! PH5OM5A >E "O &! SAME ?+1 & >E
DUE 6! SAME CAUSE1 ! DI6];E 2T !M 2+ "O
( DEGREE4
  ,! EXPLAN,N ( ^! & _M O!R PH5OM5A IS
?4 ,:5 ! SUN W>MS ! E>? ! EVAPOR,N :
TAKES PLACE IS NECESS>ILY ( TWO K9DS1 N
( "O ONLY Z "S ?9K4 ,"O K9D IS R (!
NATURE ( VAP\R1 ! O!R (! NATURE (A W9DY
EXHAL,N4 ,T : RISES F ! MOI/URE 3TA9$ 9
! E>? & ON XS SURFACE IS VAP\R1 :ILE T
RIS+ F ! E>? XF1 : IS DRY1 IS L SMOKE4
,( ^! ! W9DY EXHAL,N1 2+ W>M1 RISES ABV
! MOI/] VAP\R1 : IS H1VY & S9KS 2L !
O!R4 ,H;E ! _W SURR.D+ ! E>? IS ORD]$ Z
FOLL[S4 ,F/ 2L ! CIRCUL> MO;N -ES ! W>M
& DRY ELE;T1 : WE CALL FIRE1 = "! IS NO
^W FULLY ADEQUATE 6E /ATE (! FUMID
EVAPOR,N3 B WE M/ USE ? T]M9OLOGY S9CE ?
ELE;T IS ! MO/ 9FLAMMA# ( ALL BODIES4
,2L ? -ES AIR4 ,WE M/ ?9K ( :AT WE J
CALL$ FIRE Z 2+ SPR1D R.D ! T]RE/RIAL
SPH]E ON ! \TSIDE L A K9D ( FUEL1 S T A
LL MO;N (T5 MAKES X BUR/ 96FLAME J Z
SMOKE DOES3 = FLAME IS ! EBULLI;N (A DRY
EXHAL,N4 ,S :5"E ! CIRCUL> MO;N /IRS ?
/UFF UP 9 ANY WAY1 X CAT*ES FIRE AT !
PO9T AT : X IS MO/ 9FLAMMA#4 ,! RESULT
DI6]S AC 6! 4POSI;N & QUANT;Y (! -BU/I#
MAT]IAL4 ,IF ? IS BROAD & L;G1 WE (T5
SEE A FLAME BURN+ Z 9 A FIELD ( /UB#3 IF
X BURNS L5G?WISE ONLY1 WE SEE :AT >E
CALL$ ,8TOR*ES0' & ,8GOATS0' & %OOT+-
/>S4 ,N[ :5 ! 9FLAMMA# MAT]IAL IS L;G]
?AN X IS BROAD "S"TS X SEEMS 6?R[ (F
SP>KS Z X BURNS4 7,? HAPP5S 2C MATT]
CAT*ES FIRE AT ! SIDES 9 SMALL POR;NS B
3T9U\SLY )! MA9 BODY47 ,!N X IS CALL$ A
,8GOAT0'4 ,:5 ? DOES N HAPP5 X IS A
,8TOR*0'4 ,B IF ! :OLE L5G? (! EXHAL,N
IS SCATT]$ 9 SMALL "PS & 9 _M DIREC;NS &
9 BR1D? & DEP? ALIKE1 WE GET :AT >E
CALL$ %OOT+-/>S4
  ,! CAUSE ( ^! %OOT+-/>S IS "S"TS !
MO;N : IGNITES ! EXHAL,N4 ,AT O!R "TS !
AIR IS 3D5S$ 0COLD & SQUEEZES \ & EJECTS
! HOT ELE;T2 MAK+ _! MO;N LOOK M L T (A
?+ ?R[N ?AN L A RUNN+ FIRE4 ,=! "Q MI<T
2 RAIS$ :E!R ! ,8%OOT+0' (A ,8/>0' IS !
SAME ?+ Z :5 Y PUT AN EXHAL,N 2L A LAMP
& X LI<TS ! L[] LAMP F ! FLAME ABV4 ,=
"H TOO ! FLAME PASSES WOND];LLY QKLY &
LOOKS L A ?+ ?R[N1 & N Z IF "O ?+ AF
ANO!R CAU<T FIRE4 ,OR IS A ,8/>0' :5 X
,8%OOTS0' A S+LE BODY T IS ?R[N8
,APP>5TLY BO? CASES O3UR3 "S"TS X IS L !
FLAME F ! LAMP & "S"TS BODIES >E
PROJECT$ 02+ SQUEEZ$ \ 7L FRUIT /"OS F
"O'S F+]S7 & S >E SE5 6FALL 96! SEA & ON
! DRY L&1 BO? 0NI<T & 0"D :5 ! SKY IS
CLE>4 ,!Y >E ?R[N D[NW>DS 2C ! 3D5S,N :
PROPELS !M 9CL9ES D[NW>DS4 ,?"UBOLTS
FALL D[NW>DS =! SAME R1SON3 _! ORIG9 IS
N"E -BUS;N B EJEC;N "U PRESSURE1 S9CE
NATUR,Y ALL H1T T5DS UPW>DS4
  ,:5 ! PH5OM5ON IS =M$ 9 ! UPP] REGION
X IS DUE 6! -BUS;N (! EXHAL,N4 ,:5 X
TAKES PLACE AT A L[] LEVEL X IS DUE 6!
EJEC;N (! EXHAL,N 0! 3D5S+ & COOL+ (!
MOI/] EVAPOR,N3 = ? LATT] Z X 3D5SES &
9CL9ES D[NW>D 3TRACTS1 & ?RU/S \ ! HOT
ELE;T & CAUSES X 6BE ?R[N D[NW>DS4 ,!
MO;N IS UPW>DS OR D[NW>DS OR SIDEWAYS AC
6! WAY 9 : ! EVAPOR,N LIES1 & XS 4POSI;N
9 RESPECT ( BR1D? & DEP?4 ,9 MO/ CASES !
DIREC;N IS SIDEWAYS 2C TWO MO;NS >E
9VOLV$1 A -PULSORY MO;N D[NW>DS &A
NATURAL MO;N UPW>DS1 & "U ^! CIRCUM/.ES
AN OBJECT ALW MOVES OBLIQUELY4 ,H;E !
MO;N ( ,8%OOT+-/>S0' IS G5],Y OBLIQUE4
  ,S ! MAT]IAL CAUSE ( ALL ^! PH5OM5A IS
! EXHAL,N1 ! E6ICI5T CAUSE "S"TS ! UPP]
MO;N1 "S"TS ! 3TRAC;N & 3D5S,N (! AIR4
,FUR!R1 ALL ^! ?+S HAPP5 2L ! MOON4 ,?
IS %[N 0_! APP>5T SPE$1 : IS EQUAL 6T (
?+S ?R[N 0U2 = X IS 2C !Y >E CLOSE 6U1 T
^! LATT] SEEM F> 6EXCE$ 9 SPE$ ! />S1 !
SUN1 &! MOON4
                   #E
  ,"S"TS ON A F9E NI<T WE SEE A V>IETY (
APPE>.ES T =M 9 ! SKY3 ,8*ASMS0' = 9/.E
& ,8TR5*ES0' & BLOOD-R$ COL\RS4 ,^!1
TOO1 H ! SAME CAUSE4 ,= WE H SE5 T !
UPP] AIR 3D5SES 96AN 9FLAMMA# 3DI;N & T
! -BUS;N "S"TS TAKES ON ! APPE>.E (A
BURN+ FLAME1 "S"TS T ( MOV+ TOR*ES &
/>S4 ,S X IS N SURPRIS+ T ? SAME AIR :5
3D5S+ %D ASSUME A V>IETY ( COL\RS4 ,=A
W1K LI<T %9+ "? A D5SE AIR1 &! AIR :5 X
ACTS Z A MIRROR1 W CAUSE ALL K9DS (
COL\RS 6APPE>1 B ESPECI,Y CRIMSON &
PURPLE4 ,= ^! COL\RS G5],Y APPE> :5
FIRE-COL\R & :ITE >E -B9$ 0SUP]POSI;N4
,?US ON A HOT "D1 OR "? A SMOKY1 M$IUM1
! />S :5 !Y RISE & SET LOOK CRIMSON4 ,!
LI<T W AL CR1TE COL\RS 0REFLEC;N :5 !
MIRROR IS S* Z 6REFLECT COL\R ONLY & N
%APE4
  ,^! APPE>.ES D N P]SI/ L;G1 2C !
3D5S,N (! AIR IS TRANSI5T4
  ,8,*ASMS0' GET _! APPE>.E ( DEP? F
LI<T BR1K+ \ (A D>K BLUE OR BLACK MASS (
AIR4 ,:5 ! PROCESS ( 3D5S,N GOES FUR!R 9
S* A CASE WE (T5 F9D ,8TOR*ES0' EJECT$4
,:5 ! ,8*ASM0' 3TRACTS X PRES5TS !
APPE>.E (A ,8TR5*0'4
  ,9 G5]AL1 :ITE 9 3TRA/ ) BLACK CR1TES
A V>IETY ( COL\RS2 L FLAME1 = 9/.E1 "? A
M$IUM ( SMOKE4 ,B 0"D ! SUN OBSCURES !M1
&1 )! EXCEP;N ( CRIMSON1 ! COL\RS >E N
SE5 AT NI<T 2C !Y >E D>K4
  ,^! !N M/ 2 TAK5 6BE ! CAUSES (
,8%OOT+-/>S0' &! PH5OM5A ( -BUS;N & AL (
! O!R TRANSI5T APPE>.ES ( ? K9D4

                   #F
  ,LET U G ON 6EXPLA9 ! NATURE ( -ETS &!
,8MILKY WAY0'1 AF A PRELIM9>Y 4CUS.N (!
VIEWS ( O!RS4
  ,ANAXAGORAS & ,DEMOCRITUS DCL T -ETS
>E A 3JUNC;N (! PLANETS APPROA*+ "O
ANO!R & S APPE>+ 6T\* "O ANO!R4
  ,"S (! ,ITALIANS CALL$ ,PY?AGOR1NS SAY
T ! -ET IS "O (! PLANETS1 B T X APPE>S
AT GRT 9T]VALS ( "T & ONLY RISES A LL
ABV ! HORIZON4 ,? IS ! CASE ) ,M]CURY
TOO2 2C X ONLY RISES A LL ABV ! HORIZON
X (T5 FAILS 6BE SE5 & 3SEQU5TLY APPE>S
AT GRT 9T]VALS ( "T4
  ,A VIEW L _!S 0 AL EXPRESS$
0,HIPPOCRATES ( ,*IOS & 8 PUPIL
,AES*YLUS4 ,ONLY !Y SAY T ! TAIL DOES N
2L;G 6! -ET ISELF1 B IS O3A.N,Y ASSUM$
0X ON XS C\RSE 9 C]TA9 SITU,NS1 :5 \R
SI<T IS REFLECT$ 6! SUN F ! MOI/URE
ATTRACT$ 0! -ET4 ,X APPE>S AT GRT]
9T]VALS ?AN ! O!R />S 2C X IS SL[E/ 6GET
CLE> (! SUN & HAS BE5 LEFT 2H 0! SUN 6!
EXT5T (! :OLE ( XS CIRCLE 2F X REAPPE>S
AT ! SAME PO9T4 ,X GETS CLE> (! SUN BO?
T[>DS ! NOR? & T[>DS ! S\?4 ,9 ! SPACE
2T ! TROPICS X DOES N DRAW WAT] 6XF 2C T
REGION IS DRI$ UP 0! SUN ON XS C\RSE4
,:5 X MOVES T[>DS ! S\? X HAS NO LACK (!
NEC MOI/URE1 B 2C ! SEG;T ( XS CIRCLE :
IS ABV ! HORIZON IS SMALL1 & T 2L X _M
"TS Z L>GE1 X IS IMPOSSI# =! SUN 6BE
REFLECT$ 6\R SI<T1 EI :5 X APPROA*ES !
S\!RN TROPIC1 OR AT ! SUMM] SOL/ICE4
,H;E 9 ^! REGIONS X DOES N DEVELOP A
TAIL AT ALL4 ,B :5 X IS VISI# 9 ! NOR? X
ASSUMES A TAIL 2C ! >C ABV ! HORIZON IS
L>GE & T 2L X SMALL4 ,= "U ^! CIRCUM/.ES
"! IS NO?+ 6PREV5T \R VI.N F 2+ REFLECT$
6! SUN4
  ,^! VIEWS 9VOLVE IMPOSSIBILITIES1 "S (
: >E -MON 6ALL ( !M1 :ILE O!RS >E
PECULI> 6"S ONLY4
  ,? IS ! CASE1 F/1 ) ^? :O SAY T ! -ET
IS "O (! PLANETS4 ,= ALL ! PLANETS APPE>
9 ! CIRCLE (! ZODIAC1 ":AS _M -ETS H BE5
SE5 \TSIDE T CIRCLE4 ,AG M -ETS ?AN "O H
(T5 APPE>$ SIMULTANE\SLY4 ,2SS1 IF _!
TAIL IS DUE 6REFLEC;N1 Z ,AES*YLUS &
,HIPPOCRATES SAY1 ? PLANET "\ "S"TS 6BE
VISI# )\T A TAIL S9CE1 Z !Y X DOES N
POSSESS A TAIL 9 E PLACE 9 : X APPE>S4
,B1 Z A MATT] ( FACT1 NO PLANET HAS BE5
OBS]V$ 2SS ! FIVE4 ,& ALL ( !M >E (T5
VISI# ABV ! HORIZON TGR AT ! SAME "T4
,FUR!R1 -ETS >E (T5 F.D 6APPE>1 Z WELL
:5 ALL ! PLANETS >E VISI# Z :5 "S >E N1
B >E OBSCUR$ 0! NEI<B\RHOOD (! SUN4
,MOREOV] ! /ATE;T T A -ET ONLY APPE>S 9
! NOR?1 )! SUN AT ! SUMM] SOL/ICE1 IS N
TRUE EI4 ,! GRT -ET : APPE>$ AT ! "T (!
E>?QUAKE 9 ,A*AEA &! TIDAL WAVE ROSE DUE
WE/2 & _M H BE5 "KN 6APPE> 9 ! S\?4 ,AG
9 ! >*ON%IP ( ,EUCLEES1 SON ( ,MOLON1 AT
,A!NS "! APPE>$ A -ET 9 ! NOR? 9 ! MON?
,GAMELION1 ! SUN 2+ AB ! W9T] SOL/ICE4
,YET !Y !MVS ADMIT T REFLEC;N OV] S GRT
A SPACE IS AN IMPOSSIBIL;Y4
  ,AN OBJEC;N T TELLS EQU,Y AG/ ^? :O
HOLD ? !ORY & ^? :O SAY T -ETS >E A
COALESC;E (! PLANETS IS1 F/1 ! FACT T "S
(! FIX$ />S TOO GET A TAIL4 ,= ? WE M/ N
ONLY A3EPT ! AU?OR;Y (! ,EGYPTIANS :O
ASS]T X1 B WE H \RVS OBS]V$ ! FACT4 ,=A
/> 9 ! ?I< (! ,DOG _H A TAIL1 ?\< A FA9T
"O4 ,IF Y FIX$ YR SI<T ON X XS LI<T 0
DIM1 B IF Y J GL.ED AT X1 X APPE>$ B"R]4
,2SS1 ALL ! -ETS T H BE5 SE5 9 \R "D H
VANI%$ )\T SETT+1 GRADU,Y FAD+ AWAY ABV
! HORIZON2 & !Y H N LEFT 2H !M EI "O OR
M />S4 ,= 9/.E ! GRT -ET WE M5;N$ 2F
APPE>$ 6! WE/ 9 W9T] 9 FRO/Y W1!R :5 !
SKY 0 CLE>1 9 ! >*ON%IP ( ,A/EIUS4 ,ON !
F/ "D X SET 2F ! SUN & 0 !N N SE54 ,ON !
NEXT "D X 0 SE51 2+ "E S LL 2H ! SUN &
IMMLY SETT+4 ,B XS LI<T EXT5D$ OV] A
?IRD "P (! SKY L A L1P1 S T P CALL$ X A
,8PA?0'4 ,? -ET REC$$ Z F> Z ,ORION'S
BELT & "! 4SOLV$4 ,DEMOCRITUS H["E1
9SI/S ^U ! TRU? ( 8 VIEW & A6IRMS T
C]TA9 />S H BE5 SE5 :5 -ETS 4SOLVE4 ,B
ON 8 !ORY ? "\ N 6O3UR O3A.N,Y B ALW4
,2SS1 ! ,EGYPTIANS A6IRM T 3JUNC;NS (!
PLANETS ) "O ANO!R1 &)! FIX$ />S1 TAKE
PLACE1 & WE H \RVS OBS]V$ ,JUPIT]
CO9CID+ ) "O (! />S 9 ! ,TW9S & HID+ X1
& YET NO -ET 0 =M$4 ,FUR!R1 WE C AL GIVE
A R,NAL PRO( ( \R PO9T4 ,X IS TRUE T "S
/>S SEEM 6BE BI7] ?AN O!RS1 YET EA* "O
0XF LOOKS 9DIVISI#4 ,3SEQU5TLY1 J Z1 IF
!Y RE,Y _H BE5 9DIVISI#1 _! 3JUNC;N CD N
H CR1T$ ANY GRT] MAGNITUDE1 S N[ T !Y >E
N 9 FACT 9DIVISI# B LOOK Z IF !Y W]E1 _!
3JUNC;N W N MAKE !M LOOK ANY BI7]4
  ,5 HAS BE5 SD1 )\T FUR!R >GU;T1 6%[ T
! CAUSES BR"\ =W>D 6EXPLA9 -ETS >E
FALSE4
                   #G
  ,WE 3SID] A SATISFACTORY EXPLAN,N (
PH5OM5A 9A3ESSI# 6OBS]V,N 6H BE5 GIV5 :5
\R A3.T ( !M IS FREE F IMPOSSIBILITIES4
,! OBS]V,NS 2F U SU7E/ ! FOLL[+ A3.T (!
PH5OM5A WE >E N[ 3SID]+4 ,WE "K T ! DRY
& W>M EXHAL,N IS ! \T]MO/ "P (!
T]RE/RIAL _W : FALLS 2L ! CIRCUL> MO;N4
,X1 &A GRT "P (! AIR T IS 3T9U\S ) X 2L1
IS C>RI$ R.D ! E>? 0! MO;N (! CIRCUL>
REVOLU;N4 ,9 ! C\RSE ( ? MO;N X (T5
IGNITES :]"E X MAY HAPP5 6BE (! "R
3SI/5CY1 & ? WE MA9TA9 6BE ! CAUSE (!
,8%OOT+0' ( SCATT]$ ,8/>S0'4 ,WE MAY
SAY1 !N1 T A -ET IS =M$ :5 ! UPP] MO;N
9TRODUCES 96A GA!R+ ( ? K9D A FI]Y
PR9CIPLE N ( S* EXCESSIVE /R5G? Z 6BURN
UP M* (! MAT]IAL QKLY1 NOR S W1K Z SOON
6BE EXT+UI%$1 B /R;G] & CAPA# ( BURN+ UP
M* MAT]IAL1 & :5 EXHAL,N (! "R 3SI/5CY
RISES F 2L & MEETS X4 ,! K9D ( -ET V>IES
AC 6! %APE : ! EXHAL,N HAPP5S 6TAKE4 ,IF
X IS DI6US$ EQU,Y ON E SIDE ! /> IS SD
6BE FR+$1 IF X /RET*ES \ 9 "O DIREC;N X
IS CALL$ BE>D$4 ,WE H SE5 T :5 A FI]Y
PR9CIPLE ( ? K9D MOVES WE SEEM 6H A
%OOT+-/>3 SIMIL>LY :5 X /&S / WE SEEM 6H
A /> /&+ /4 ,WE MAY -P>E ^! PH5OM5A 6A
H1P OR MASS ( *AFF 96: A TOR* IS ?RU/1
OR A SP>K ?R[N4 ,T IS :AT A %OOT+-/> IS
L4 ,! FUEL IS S 9FLAMMA# T ! FIRE RUNS
"? X QKLY 9 A L9E4 ,N[ IF ? FIRE 7
6P]SI/ 9/1D ( RUNN+ "? ! FUEL & P]I%+
AWAY1 XS C\RSE "? ! FUEL WD /OP AT !
PO9T ": ! LATT] 0 D5SE/1 & !N ! :OLE
MI<T 2G9 6MOVE4 ,S* IS A -ET-L A %OOT+-
/> T 3TA9S XS 2G9N+ & 5D 9 XF4
  ,:5 ! MATT] 2G9S 6GA!R 9 ! L[] REGION
9DEP5D5TLY ! -ET APPE>S 0XF4 ,B :5 !
EXHAL,N IS 3/ITUT$ 0"O (! FIX$ />S OR !
PLANETS1 [+ 6_! MO;N1 "O ( !M 2COMES A
-ET4 ,! FR+E IS N CLOSE 6! />S !MVS4 ,J
Z HALOES APPE> 6FOLL[ ! SUN &! MOON Z !Y
MOVE1 & 5CIRCLE !M1 :5 ! AIR IS D5SE 5 =
!M 6=M AL;G "U ! SUN'S C\RSE1 S TOO !
FR+E4 ,X /&S 9 ! REL,N (A HALO 6! />S1
EXCEPT T ! COL\R (! HALO IS DUE
6REFLEC;N1 ":AS 9 ! CASE ( -ETS ! COL\R
IS "S?+ T APPE>S ACTU,Y ON !M4
  ,N[ :5 ? MATT] GA!RS 9 REL,N 6A /> !
-ET NECESS>ILY APPE>S 6FOLL[ ! SAME
C\RSE Z ! />4 ,B :5 ! -ET IS =M$
9DEP5D5TLY X FALLS 2H ! MO;N (! UNIV]SE1
L ! RE/ (! T]RE/RIAL _W4 ,X IS ? FACT1 T
A -ET (T5 =MS 9DEP5D5TLY1 9DE$ (T5] ?AN
R.D "O (! REGUL> />S1 T MAKES X IMPOSSI#
6MA9TA9 T A -ET IS A SORT ( REFLEC;N1 N
9DE$1 Z ,HIPPOCRATES & 8 S*OOL SAY1 6!
SUN1 B 6! V /> X IS ALLEG$ 6A3OMPANY-IN
FACT1 A K9D ( HALO 9 ! PURE FUEL ( FIRE4
  ,Z =! HALO WE % EXPLA9 XS CAUSE LAT]4
  ,! FACT T -ETS :5 FREQU5T =E%AD[ W9D &
DR"\ M/ 2 TAK5 Z AN 9DIC,N ( _! FI]Y
3/ITU;N4 ,= _! ORIG9 IS PLA9LY DUE 6!
PL5TI;L SUPPLY ( T SECRE;N4 ,H;E ! AIR
IS NECESS>ILY DRI] &! MOI/ EVAPOR,N IS S
4SOLV$ & 4SIPAT$ 0! QUANT;Y (! HOT
EXHAL,N Z N R1DILY 63D5SE 96WAT]4-,B ?
PH5OM5ON TOO % 2 EXPLA9$ M CLE>LY LAT]
:5 ! "T -ES 6SP1K (! W9DS4-,S :5 "! >E
_M -ETS & !Y >E D5SE1 X IS Z WE SAY1 &!
YE>S >E CLE>LY DRY & W9DY4 ,:5 !Y >E
FEW] & FA9T] ? E6ECT DOES N APPE> 9 !
SAME DEGREE1 ?\< Z A RULE ! IS F.D 6BE
EXCESSIVE EI 9 DUR,N OR /R5G?4 ,= 9/.E
:5 ! /"O AT ,AEGOSPOTAMI FELL \ (! AIR-X
_H BE5 C>RI$ UP 0A W9D & FELL D[N 9 !
"D"T-!N TOO A -ET HAPP5$ 6H APPE>$ 9 !
WE/4 ,& AT ! "T (! GRT -ET ! W9T] 0 DRY
& NOR? W9DS PREVAIL$1 &! WAVE 0 DUE 6AN
OPPOSI;N ( W9DS4 ,= 9 ! GULF A NOR? W9D
BLEW & \TSIDE X A VIOL5T S\? W9D4 ,AG 9
! >*ON%IP ( ,NICOMA*US A -ET APPE>$ =A
FEW "DS AB ! EQUINOCTIAL CIRCLE 7? "O _H
N RIS5 9 ! WE/71 & SIMULTANE\SLY ) X "!
HAPP5$ ! /ORM AT ,COR9?4
  ,T "! >E FEW -ETS & T !Y APPE> R>ELY &
\TSIDE ! TROPIC CIRCLES M ?AN )9 !M IS
DUE 6! MO;N (! SUN &! />S4 ,= ? MO;N
DOES N ONLY CAUSE ! HOT PR9CIPLE 6BE
SECRET$ B AL 4SOLVES X :5 X IS GA!R+4 ,B
! *IEF R1SON IS T MO/ ( ? /UFF COLLECTS
9 ! REGION (! MILKY WAY4
                   #H
  ,LET U N[ EXPLA9 ! ORIG91 CAUSE1 &
NATURE (! MILKY WAY4 ,& "H TOO LET U 2G9
04CUSS+ ! /ATE;TS ( O!RS ON ! SUBJECT4
  7#A7 ,(! S-CALL$ ,PY?AGOR1NS "S SAY T
? IS ! PA? ( "O (! />S T FELL F H1V5 AT
! "T ( ,PHAE?ON'S D[NFALL4 ,O!RS SAY T !
SUN US$ ONCE 6MOVE 9 ? CIRCLE & T ?
REGION 0 SCOR*$ OR MET ) "S O!R A6EC;N (
? K9D1 2C (! SUN & XS MO;N4
  ,B X IS ABSURD N 6SEE T IF ? 7 ! R1SON
! CIRCLE (! ,ZODIAC "\ 6BE A6ECT$ 9 !
SAME WAY1 & 9DE$ M S ?AN T (! MILKY WAY1
S9CE N ! SUN ONLY B ALL ! PLANETS MOVE 9
X4 ,WE C SEE ! :OLE ( ? CIRCLE 7HALF ( X
2+ VISI# AT ANY "T (! NI<T71 B X %[S NO
SIGNS ( ANY S* A6EC;N EXCEPT ": A "P ( X
T\*ES ! CIRCLE (! MILKY WAY4
  7#B7 ,ANAXAGORAS1 ,DEMOCRITUS1 & _!
S*OOLS SAY T ! MILKY WAY IS ! LI<T (
C]TA9 />S4 ,=1 !Y SAY1 :5 ! SUN PASSES
2L ! E>? "S (! />S >E HI45 F X4 ,N[ !
LI<T ( ^? ON : ! SUN %9ES IS 9VISI#1 2+
OBSCUR$ 0! (! SUN4 ,B ! MILKY WAY IS !
PECULI> LI<T ( ^? />S : >E %AD$ 0! E>? F
! SUN'S RAYS4
  ,?1 TOO1 IS OBVI\SLY IMPOSSI#4 ,!
MILKY WAY IS ALW UN*ANG$ & AM;G ! SAME
3/ELL,NS 7= X IS CLE>LY A GRTE/ CIRCLE71
":AS1 S9CE ! SUN DOES N REMA9 9 ! SAME
PLACE1 :AT IS HI45 F X DI6]S AT DI6]5T
"TS4 ,3SEQU5TLY )! *ANGE (! SUN'S POSI;N
! MILKY WAY "\ 6*ANGE XS POSI;N TOO3 B
WE F9D T ? DOES N HAPP54 ,2SS1 IF
A/RONOMICAL DEMON/R,NS >E CORRECT &!
SIZE (! SUN IS GRT] ?AN T (! E>? &! 4T.E
(! />S F ! E>? _M "TS GRT] ?AN T (! SUN
7J Z ! SUN IS FUR!R F ! E>? ?AN ! MOON71
!N ! C"O MADE 0! RAYS (! SUN WD T]M9ATE
AT NO GRT 4T.E F ! E>?1 &! %AD[ (! E>?
7:AT WE CALL NI<T7 WD N R1* ! />S4 ,ON !
3TR>Y1 ! SUN %9ES ON ALL ! />S &! E>?
SCRE5S N"O ( !M4
  7#C7 ,"! IS A ?IRD !ORY AB ! MILKY
WAY4 ,"S SAY T X IS A REFLEC;N ( \R SI<T
6! SUN1 J Z !Y SAY T ! -ET IS4
  ,B ? TOO IS IMPOSSI#4 ,= IF ! EYE &!
MIRROR &! :OLE (! OBJECT 7 S"E,Y AT RE/1
!N ! SAME "P (! IMAGE WD APPE> AT ! SAME
PO9T 9 ! MIRROR4 ,B IF ! MIRROR &!
OBJECT MOVE1 KEEP+ ! SAME 4T.E F ! EYE :
IS AT RE/1 B AT DI6]5T RATES ( SPE$ & S
N ALW AT ! SAME 9T]VAL F "O ANO!R1 !N X
IS IMPOSSI# =! SAME IMAGE ALW 6APPE> 9 !
SAME "P (! MIRROR4 ,N[ ! 3/ELL,NS 9CLUD$
9 ! CIRCLE (! MILKY WAY MOVE2 & S DOES !
SUN1 ! OBJECT 6: \R SI<T IS REFLECT$2 B
WE /& /4 ,&! 4T.E ( ^? TWO F U IS 3/ANT
& UNI=M1 B _! 4T.E F "O ANO!R V>IES4 ,=!
,DOLPH9 "S"TS RISES AT MIDNI<T1 "S"TS 9
! MORN+4 ,B 9 EA* CASE ! SAME "PS (!
MILKY WAY >E F.D NE> X4 ,B IF X 7 A
REFLEC;N & N A G5U9E A6EC;N ( ^! ? "\ N
6BE ! CASE4
  ,AG1 WE C SEE ! MILKY WAY REFLECT$ AT
NI<T 9 WAT] & SIMIL> MIRRORS4 ,B "U ^!
CIRCUM/.ES X IS IMPOSSI# = \R SI<T 6BE
REFLECT$ 6! SUN4
  ,^! 3SID],NS %[ T ! MILKY WAY IS N !
PA? ( "O (! PLANETS1 NOR ! LI<T (
IMP]CEPTI# />S1 NOR A REFLEC;N4 ,& ^? >E
! *IEF !ORIES H&$ D[N 0O!RS HI!RTO4
  ,LET U RECALL \R FUNDA;TAL PR9CIPLE &
!N EXPLA9 \R VIEWS4 ,WE H ALR LAID D[N T
! \T]MO/ "P ( :AT IS CALL$ ! AIR IS
POT5TI,Y FIRE & T "!=E :5 ! AIR IS
4SOLV$ 0MO;N1 "! IS SEP>AT$ (F A K9D (
MATT]-&( ? MATT] WE ASS]T T -ETS 3SI/4
,WE M/ SUPPOSE T :AT HAPP5S IS ! SAME Z
9 ! CASE (! -ETS :5 ! MATT] DOES N =M
9DEP5D5TLY B IS =M$ 0"O (! FIX$ />S OR !
PLANETS4 ,!N ^! />S APPE> 6BE FR+$1 2C
MATT] ( ? K9D FOLL[S _! C\RSE4 ,9 ! SAME
WAY1 A C]TA9 K9D ( MATT] FOLL[S ! SUN1 &
WE EXPLA9 ! HALO Z A REFLEC;N F X :5 !
AIR IS (! "R 3/ITU;N4 ,N[ WE M/ ASSUME T
:AT HAPP5S 9 ! CASE (! />S S"E,Y HAPP5S
9 ! CASE (! :OLE (! H1V5S & ALL ! UPP]
MO;N4 ,= X IS NATURAL 6SUPPOSE T1 IF !
MO;N (A S+LE /> EXCITES A FLAME1 T ( ALL
! />S %D H A SIMIL> RESULT1 & ESPECI,Y 9
T REGION 9 : ! />S >E BI7E/ & MO/ NUM]\S
& NE>E/ 6"O ANO!R4 ,N[ ! CIRCLE (!
ZODIAC 4SOLVES ? K9D ( MATT] 2C (! MO;N
(! SUN &! PLANETS1 &= ? R1SON MO/ -ETS
>E F.D \TSIDE ! TROPIC CIRCLES4 ,AG1 NO
FR+E APPE>S R.D ! SUN OR MOON3 = !Y
4SOLVE S* MATT] TOO QKLY 6ADMIT ( XS
=M,N4 ,B ? CIRCLE 9 : ! MILKY WAY APPE>S
6\R SI<T IS ! GRTE/ CIRCLE1 & XS POSI;N
IS S* T X EXT5DS F> \TSIDE ! TROPIC
CIRCLES4 ,2SS ! REGION IS FULL (! BI7E/
& B"RE/ 3/ELL,NS & AL ( :AT CALL$
,8SCATT]$0' />S 7Y H ONLY 6LOOK 6SEE ?
CLE>LY74 ,S = ^! R1SONS ALL ? MATT] IS
3T9U,Y & C1SE.SLY COLLECT+ "!4 ,A PRO( (
! !ORY IS ?3 ,9 ! CIRCLE XF ! LI<T IS
/R;G] 9 T HALF ": ! MILKY WAY IS DIVID$1
& 9 X ! 3/ELL,NS >E M NUM]\S & CLOS] 6"O
ANO!R ?AN 9 ! O!R HALF2 : %[S T ! CAUSE
(! LI<T IS ! MO;N (! 3/ELL,NS & NO?+
ELSE4 ,= IF X IS F.D 9 ! CIRCLE 9 : "!
>E MO/ 3/ELL,NS & AT T PO9T 9 ! CIRCLE
AT : !Y >E D5SE/ & 3TA9 ! BI7E/ &! MO/
/>S1 X IS NATURAL 6SUPPOSE T !Y >E !
TRUE CAUSE (! A6EC;N 9 "Q4 ,! CIRCLE &!
3/ELL,NS 9 X MAY 2 SE5 9 ! DIAGRAM4 ,!
S-CALL$ ,8SCATT]$0' />S X IS N POSSI#
6SET D[N 9 ! SAME WAY ON ! SPH]E 2C N"O
( !M H AN EVID5T P]MAN5T POSI;N2 B IF Y
LOOK UP 6! SKY ! PO9T IS CLE>4 ,= 9 ?
CIRCLE AL"O >E ! 9T]VALS FULL ( ^! />S3
9 ! O!R CIRCLES "! >E OBVI\S GAPS4 ,H;E
IF WE A3EPT ! CAUSE ASSIGN$ =! APPE>.E (
-ETS Z PLAUSI# WE M/ ASSUME T ! SAME K9D
( ?+ HOLDS GD (! MILKY WAY4 ,=! FR+E : 9
! =M] CASE IS AN A6EC;N (A S+LE /> "H
=MS 9 ! SAME WAY 9 REL,N 6A :OLE CIRCLE4
,S IF WE >E 6DEF9E ! MILKY WAY WE MAY
CALL X 'A FR+E ATTA*+ 6! GRTE/ CIRCLE1 &
DUE 6! MATT] SECRET$0'4 ,?1 Z WE SD 2F1
EXPLA9S :Y "! >E FEW -ETS & :Y !Y APPE>
R>ELY2 X IS 2C AT EA* REVOLU;N (! H1V5S
? MATT] HAS ALW BE5 & IS ALW 2+ SEP>AT$
(F & GA!R$ 96? REGION4
  ,WE H N[ EXPLA9$ ! PH5OM5A T O3UR 9 T
"P (! T]RE/RIAL _W : IS 3T9U\S )! MO;NS
(! H1V5S1 "NLY1 %OOT+-/>S &! BURN+
FLAME1 -ETS &! MILKY WAY1 ^! 2+ ! *IEF
A6EC;NS T APPE> 9 T REGION4
                   #I
  ,LET U G ON 6TR1T (! REGION : FOLL[S
NEXT 9 ORD] AF ? & : IMMLY SURR.DS !
E>?4 ,X IS ! REGION -MON 6WAT] & AIR1 &!
PROCESSES ATT5D+ ! =M,N ( WAT] ABV TAKE
PLACE 9 X4 ,WE M/ 3SID] ! PR9CIPLES &
CAUSES ( ALL ^! PH5OM5A TOO Z 2F4 ,!
E6ICI5T & *IEF & F/ CAUSE IS ! CIRCLE 9
: ! SUN MOVES4 ,=! SUN Z X APPROA*ES OR
REC$ES1 OBVI\SLY CAUSES 4SIP,N & 3D5S,N
& S GIVES RISE 6G5],N & DE/RUC;N4 ,N[ !
E>? REMA9S B ! MOI/URE SURR.D+ X IS MADE
6EVAPORATE 0! SUN'S RAYS &! O!R H1T F
ABV1 & RISES4 ,B :5 ! H1T : 0 RAIS+ X
L1VES X1 9 "P 4P]S+ 6! HI<] REGION1 9 "P
QU5*$ "? RIS+ S F> 96! UPP] AIR1 !N !
VAP\R COOLS 2C XS H1T IS G"O & 2C !
PLACE IS COLD1 & 3D5SES AG & TURNS F AIR
96WAT]4 ,& AF ! WAT] HAS =M$ X FALLS D[N
AG 6! E>?4
  ,! EXHAL,N ( WAT] IS VAP\R3 AIR 3D5S+
96WAT] IS CL\D4 ,MI/ IS :AT IS LEFT OV]
:5 A CL\D 3D5SES 96WAT]1 & IS "!=E R A
SIGN ( F9E W1!R ?AN ( RA92 = MI/ MI<T 2
CALL$ A B>R5 CL\D4 ,S WE GET A CIRCUL>
PROCESS T FOLL[S ! C\RSE (! SUN4 ,= AC Z
! SUN MOVES 6? SIDE OR T1 ! MOI/URE 9 ?
PROCESS RISES OR FALLS4 ,WE M/ ?9K ( X Z
A RIV] FL[+ UP & D[N 9 A CIRCLE & MADE
UP "PLY ( AIR1 "PLY ( WAT]4 ,:5 ! SUN IS
NE>1 ! /R1M ( VAP\R FL[S UPW>DS2 :5 X
REC$ES1 ! /R1M ( WAT] FL[S D[N3 &! ORD]
( SEQU;E1 AT ALL EV5TS1 9 ? PROCESS ALW
REMA9S ! SAME4 ,S IF ,8,OC1NUS0' _H "S
SECRET M1N+ 9 E>LY WRIT]S1 P]H !Y MAY H
M1NT ? RIV] T FL[S 9 A CIRCLE AB ! E>?4
  ,S ! MOI/URE IS ALW RAIS$ 0! H1T &
DESC5DS 6! E>? AG :5 X GETS COLD4 ,^!
PROCESSES &1 9 "S CASES1 _! V>IETIES >E
4T+UI%$ 0SPECIAL "NS4 ,:5 ! WAT] FALLS 9
SMALL DROPS X IS CALL$ A DRIZZLE2 :5 !
DROPS >E L>G] X IS RA94
                  #AJ
  ,"S (! VAP\R T IS =M$ 0"D DOES N RISE
HI< 2C ! RATIO (! FIRE T IS RAIS+ X 6!
WAT] T IS 2+ RAIS$ IS SMALL4 ,:5 ? COOLS
& DESC5DS AT NI<T X IS CALL$ DEW & HO>-
FRO/4 ,:5 ! VAP\R IS FROZ5 2F X HAS
3D5S$ 6WAT] AG X IS HO>-FRO/2 & ? APPE>S
9 W9T] & IS -MON] 9 COLD PLACES4 ,X IS
DEW :5 ! VAP\R HAS 3D5S$ 96WAT] &! H1T
IS N S GRT Z 6DRY UP ! MOI/URE T HAS BE5
RAIS$ NOR ! COLD SU6ICI5T 7[+ 6! W>M? (!
CLIMATE OR S1SON7 =! VAP\R XF 6FREEZE4
,= DEW IS M -MONLY F.D :5 ! S1SON OR !
PLACE IS W>M1 ":AS ! OPPOSITE1 Z HAS BE5
SD1 IS ! CASE ) HO>-FRO/4 ,= OBVI\SLY
VAP\R IS W>M] ?AN WAT]1 HAV+ / ! FIRE T
RAIS$ X3 3SEQU5TLY M COLD IS NE$$
6FREEZE X4
  ,BO? DEW & HO>-FRO/ >E F.D :5 ! SKY IS
CLE> & "! IS NO W9D4 ,=! VAP\R CD N 2
RAIS$ UN.S ! SKY 7 CLE>1 & IF A W9D 7
BL[+ X CD N 3D5SE4
  ,! FACT T HO>-FRO/ IS N F.D ON M.TA9S
3TRIBUTES 6PROVE T ^! PH5OM5A O3UR 2C !
VAP\R DOES N RISE HI<4 ,"O R1SON = ? IS
T X RISES F HOLL[ & WAT]Y PLACES1 S T !
H1T T IS RAIS+ X1 BE>+ Z X 7 TOO H1VY A
BURD5 _C LIFT X 6A GRT HEI<T B SOON LETS
X FALL AG4 ,A SECOND R1SON IS T ! MO;N (
! AIR IS M PRON\NC$ AT A HEI<T1 & ?
4SOLVES A GA!R+ ( ? K9D4
  ,"EY":1 EXCEPT 9 ,PONTUS1 DEW IS F.D )
S\? W9DS & N ) NOR? W9DS4 ,"! ! OPPOSITE
IS ! CASE & X IS F.D ) NOR? W9DS & N )
S\?4 ,! R1SON IS ! SAME Z T : EXPLA9S :Y
DEW IS F.D 9 W>M W1!R & N 9 COLD4 ,=!
S\? W9D BR+S W>M1 &! NOR?1 W9TRY W1!R4
,=! NOR? W9D IS COLD & S QU5*ES ! H1T (!
EVAPOR,N4 ,B 9 ,PONTUS ! S\? W9D DOES N
BR+ W>M? 5 6CAUSE EVAPOR,N1 ":AS !
COLD;S (! NOR? W9D 3C5TRATES ! H1T 0A
SORT ( RECOIL1 S T "! IS M EVAPOR,N & N
LESS4 ,? IS A ?+ : WE C (T5 OBS]VE 9 O!R
PLACES TOO4 ,WELLS1 = 9/.E1 GIVE (F M
VAP\R 9 A NOR? ?AN 9 A S\? W9D4 ,ONLY !
NOR? W9DS QU5* ! H1T 2F ANY 3SID]A#
QUANT;Y ( VAP\R HAS GA!R$1 :ILE 9 A S\?
W9D ! EVAPOR,N IS ALL[$ 6A3UMULATE4
  ,WAT]1 ONCE =M$1 DOES N FREEZE ON !
SURFACE (! E>?1 9 ! WAY T X DOES 9 !
REGION (! CL\DS4
                  #AA
  ,F ! LATT] "! FALL ?REE BODIES 3D5S$
0COLD1 "NLY RA91 SN[1 HAIL4 ,TWO ( ^!
CORRESPOND 6! PH5OM5A ON ! L[] LEVEL &
>E DUE 6! SAME CAUSES1 DI6]+ F !M ONLY 9
DEGREE & QUANT;Y4
  ,SN[ & HO>-FRO/ >E "O &! SAME ?+1 & S
>E RA9 & DEW3 ONLY "! IS A GRT D1L (!
=M] & LL (! LATT]4 ,= RA9 IS DUE 6!
COOL+ (A GRT AM.T ( VAP\R1 =! REGION F :
&! "T DUR+ : ! VAP\R IS COLLECT$ >E
3SID]A#4 ,B ( DEW "! IS LL3 =! VAP\R
COLLECTS = X 9 A S+LE "D & F A SMALL
>EA1 Z XS QK =M,N & SCANTY QUANT;Y %[4
  ,! REL,N ( HO>-FRO/ & SN[ IS ! SAME3
:5 CL\D FREEZES "! IS SN[1 :5 VAP\R
FREEZES "! IS HO>-FRO/4 ,H;E SN[ IS A
SIGN (A COLD S1SON OR C.TRY4 ,=A GRT D1L
( H1T IS / PRES5T & UN.S ! COLD 7
OV]P[]+ X ! CL\D WD N FREEZE4 ,= "! /
SURVIVES 9 X A GRT D1L (! H1T : CAUS$ !
MOI/URE 6RISE Z VAP\R F ! E>?4
  ,HAIL ON ! O!R H& IS F.D 9 ! UPP]
REGION1 B ! CORRESPOND+ PH5OM5ON 9 !
VAPOR\S REGION NE> ! E>? IS LACK+4 ,=1 Z
WE SD1 6SN[ 9 ! UPP] REGION CORRESPONDS
HO>-FRO/ 9 ! L[]1 & 6RA9 9 ! UPP]
REGION1 DEW 9 ! L[]4 ,B "! IS NO?+ "H
6CORRESPOND 6HAIL 9 ! UPP] REGION4 ,:Y ?
IS S W 2 CLE> :5 WE H EXPLA9$ ! NATURE (
HAIL4
                  #AB
  ,B WE M/ G ON 6COLLECT ! FACTS BE>+ ON
! ORIG9 ( X1 BO? ^? : RAISE NO
DI6ICULTIES & ^? : SEEM P>ADOXICAL4
  ,HAIL IS ICE1 & WAT] FREEZES 9 W9T]2
YET HAIL/ORMS O3UR *IEFLY 9 SPR+ &
AUTUMN & LESS (T5 9 ! LATE SUMM]1 B
R>ELY 9 W9T] & !N ONLY :5 ! COLD IS LESS
9T5SE4 ,& 9 G5]AL HAIL/ORMS O3UR 9 W>M]1
& SN[ 9 COLD] PLACES4 ,AG1 "! IS A
DI6ICULTY AB WAT] FREEZ+ 9 ! UPP]
REGION4 ,X _C H FROZ5 2F 2COM+ WAT]3 &
WAT] _C REMA9 SUSP5D$ 9 ! AIR = ANY
SPACE ( "T4 ,NOR C WE SAY T ! CASE IS L
T ( "PICLES ( MOI/URE : >E C>RI$ UP [+
6_! SMALL SIZE & RE/ ON ! I> 7! WAT]
SWIMM+ ON ! AIR J Z SMALL "PICLES ( E>?
& GOLD (T5 SWIM ON WAT]74 ,9 T CASE L>GE
DROPS >E =M$ 0! UNION ( _M SMALL1 & S
FALL D[N4 ,? _C TAKE PLACE 9 ! CASE (
HAIL1 S9CE SOLID BODIES _C COALESCE L
LIQUID "OS4 ,CLE>LY !N DROPS ( T SIZE 7
SUSP5D$ 9 ! AIR OR ELSE !Y CD N H BE5 S
L>GE :5 FROZ54
  ,"S ?9K T ! CAUSE & ORIG9 ( HAIL IS ?4
,! CL\D IS ?RU/ UP 96! UPP] ATMOSPH]E1 :
IS COLD] 2C ! REFLEC;N (! SUN'S RAYS F !
E>? C1SES "!1 & ^U XS >RIVAL "! ! WAT]
FREEZES4 ,!Y ?9K T ? EXPLA9S :Y
HAIL/ORMS >E -MON] 9 SUMM] & 9 W>M
C.TRIES2 ! H1T IS GRT] & X ?RU/S ! CL\DS
FUR!R UP F ! E>?4 ,B ! FACT IS T HAIL
DOES N O3UR AT ALL AT A GRT HEI<T3 YET X
"\ 6D S1 ON _! !ORY1 J Z WE SEE T SN[
FALLS MO/ ON HI< M.TA9S4 ,AG CL\DS H (T5
BE5 OBS]V$ MOV+ )A GRT NOISE CLOSE 6!
E>?1 T]RIFY+ ^? :O HE>D & SAW !M Z
PORT5TS ( "S CATA/ROPHE4 ,"S"TS1 TOO1 :5
S* CL\DS H BE5 SE51 )\T ANY NOISE1 "!
FOLL[S A VIOL5T HAIL/ORM1 &! /"OS >E (
9CR$I# SIZE1 & ANGUL> 9 %APE4 ,? %[S T
!Y H N BE5 FALL+ = L;G & T !Y 7 FROZ5
NE> 6! E>?1 & N Z T !ORY WD H X4
,MOREOV]1 ": ! HAIL/"OS >E L>GE1 ! CAUSE
( _! FREEZ+ M/ 2 PRES5T 9 ! HI<E/
DEGREE3 = HAIL IS ICE Z E "O C SEE4 ,N[
^? HAIL/"OS >E L>GE : >E ANGUL> 9 %APE4
,& ? %[S T !Y FROZE CLOSE 6! E>?1 = ^? T
FALL F> >E WORN AWAY 0! L5G? ( _! FALL &
2COME R.D & SMALL] 9 SIZE4
  ,X CLE>LY FOLL[S T ! 3GEL,N DOES N
TAKE PLACE 2C ! CL\D IS ?RU/ UP 96! COLD
UPP] REGION4
  ,N[ WE SEE T W>M & COLD REACT ^U "O
ANO!R 0RECOIL4 ,H;E 9 W>M W1!R ! L[] "PS
(! E>? >E COLD & 9 A FRO/ !Y >E W>M4 ,!
SAME ?+1 WE M/ SUPPOSE1 HAPP5S 9 ! AIR1
S T 9 ! W>M] S1SONS ! COLD IS 3C5TRAT$
0! SURR.D+ H1T & CAUSES ! CL\D 6G OV]
96WAT] SU45LY4 7,= ? R1SON RA9-DROPS >E
M* L>G] ON W>M "DS ?AN 9 W9T]1 & %[]S M
VIOL5T4 ,A %[] IS SD 6BE M VIOL5T 9
PROPOR;N Z ! WAT] -ES D[N 9 A BODY1 & ?
HAPP5S :5 ! 3D5S,N TAKES PLACE QKLY1-?\<
? IS J ! OPPOSITE ( :AT ,ANAXAGORAS
SAYS4 ,HE SAYS T ? HAPP5S :5 ! CL\D HAS
RIS5 96! COLD AIR2 ":AS WE SAY T X
HAPP5S :5 ! CL\D HAS DESC5D$ 96! W>M
AIR1 & T ! M ! FUR!R ! CL\D HAS
DESC5D$74 ,B :5 ! COLD HAS BE5 3C5TRAT$
)9 / M 0! \T] H1T1 X FREEZES ! WAT] X
HAS =M$ & "! IS HAIL4 ,WE GET HAIL :5 !
PROCESS ( FREEZ+ IS QK] ?AN ! DESC5T (!
WAT]4 ,= IF ! WAT] FALLS 9 A C]TA9 "T &!
COLD IS SU6ICI5T 6FREEZE X 9 LESS1 "! IS
NO DI6ICULTY AB XS HAV+ FROZ5 9 ! AIR1
PROVID$ T ! FREEZ+ TAKES PLACE 9 A %ORT]
"T ?AN XS FALL4 ,! NE>] 6! E>?1 &! M
SU45LY1 ? PROCESS TAKES PLACE1 ! M
VIOL5T IS ! RA9 T RESULTS &! L>G] !
RA9DROPS &! HAIL/"OS 2C (! %ORT;S ( _!
FALL4 ,=! SAME R1SON L>GE RA9DROPS D N
FALL ?ICKLY4 ,HAIL IS R>] 9 SUMM] ?AN 9
SPR+ & AUTUMN1 ?\< -MON] ?AN 9 W9T]1 2C
! AIR IS DRI] 9 SUMM]1 ":AS 9 SPR+ X IS
/ MOI/1 & 9 AUTUMN X IS 2G9N+ 6GR[ MOI/4
,X IS =! SAME R1SON T HAIL/ORMS "S"TS
O3UR 9 ! LATE SUMM] Z WE H SD4
  ,! FACT T ! WAT] HAS PREVI\SLY BE5
W>M$ 3TRIBUTES 6XS FREEZ+ QKLY3 = S X
COOLS SOON]4 ,H;E _M P1 :5 !Y WANT 6COOL
HOT WAT] QKLY1 2G9 0PUTT+ X 9 ! SUN4 ,S
! 9HABITANTS ( ,PONTUS :5 !Y 5CAMP ON !
ICE 6FI% 7!Y CUT A HOLE 9 ! ICE & !N
FI%7 P\R W>M WAT] R.D _! RE$S T X MAY
FREEZE ! QK]1 = !Y USE ! ICE L L1D 6FIX
! RE$S4 ,N[ X IS 9 HOT C.TRIES & S1SONS
T ! WAT] : =MS SOON GR[S W>M4
  ,X IS =! SAME R1SON T RA9 FALLS 9
SUMM] & N 9 W9T] 9 ,>ABIA & ,E?IOPIA
TOO1 & T 9 TORR5TS & REP1T$LY ON ! SAME
"D4 ,=! 3C5TR,N OR RECOIL DUE 6! EXTREME
H1T (! C.TRY COOLS ! CL\DS QKLY4
  ,S M* = AN A3.T (! NATURE & CAUSES (
RA91 DEW1 SN[1 HO>-FRO/1 & HAIL4
                  #AC
  ,LET U EXPLA9 ! NATURE ( W9DS1 & ALL
W9DY VAP\RS1 AL ( RIV]S &(! SEA4 ,B "H1
TOO1 WE M/ F/ 4CUSS ! DI6ICULTIES
9VOLV$3 =1 Z 9 O!R MATT]S1 S 9 ? NO !ORY
HAS BE5 H&$ D[N 6U T ! MO/ ORD9>Y MAN CD
N H ?"\ (4
  ,"S SAY T :AT IS CALL$ AIR1 :5 X IS 9
MO;N & FL[S1 IS W9D1 & T ? SAME AIR :5 X
3D5SES AG 2COMES CL\D & WAT]1 IMPLY+ T !
NATURE ( W9D & WAT] IS ! SAME4 ,S !Y
DEF9E W9D Z A MO;N (! AIR4 ,H;E "S1 WI%+
6SAY A CL"E ?+1 ASS]T T ALL ! W9DS >E "O
W9D1 2C ! AIR T MOVES IS 9 FACT ALL ( X
"O &! SAME2 !Y MA9TA9 T ! W9DS APPE>
6DI6] [+ 6! REGION F : ! AIR MAY HAPP5
6FL[ ON EA* O3A.N1 B RE,Y D N DI6] AT
ALL4 ,? IS J L ?9K+ T ALL RIV]S >E "O &!
SAME RIV]1 &! ORD9>Y UNSCI5TIFIC VIEW IS
BETT] ?AN A SCI5TIFIC !ORY L ?4 ,IF ALL
RIV]S FL[ F "O S\RCE1 &! SAME IS TRUE 9
! CASE (! W9DS1 "! MI<T 2 "S TRU? 9 ?
!ORY2 B IF X IS NO M TRUE 9 ! "O CASE
?AN 9 ! O!R1 ? 9G5I\S IDEA IS PLA9LY
FALSE4 ,:AT REQUIRES 9VE/IG,N IS ?3 !
NATURE ( W9D & H[ X ORIG9ATES1 XS
E6ICI5T CAUSE & :;E !Y DERIVE _! S\RCE2
:E!R "O "\ 6?9K (! W9D Z ISSU+ F A SORT
( VESSEL & FL[+ UNTIL ! VESSEL IS EMPTY1
Z IF LET \ (A W9ESK91 OR1 Z PA9T]S
REPRES5T ! W9DS1 Z DRAW+ _! S\RCE F
!MVS4
  ,WE F9D ANALOG\S VIEWS AB ! ORIG9 (
RIV]S4 ,X IS ?"\ T ! WAT] IS RAIS$ 0!
SUN & DESC5DS 9 RA9 & GA!RS 2L ! E>? & S
FL[S F A GRT RES]VOIR1 ALL ! RIV]S F "O1
OR EA* F A DI6]5T "O4 ,NO WAT] AT ALL IS
G5]AT$1 B ! VOLUME (! RIV]S 3SI/S (!
WAT] T IS GA!R$ 96S* RES]VOIRS 9 W9T]4
,H;E RIV]S >E ALW FULL] 9 W9T] ?AN 9
SUMM]1 & "S >E P]5NIAL1 O!RS N4 ,RIV]S
>E P]5NIAL ": ! RES]VOIR IS L>GE & S 5
WAT] HAS COLLECT$ 9 X 6LA/ \ & N 2 US$
UP 2F ! W9T] RA9 RETURNS4 ,": !
RES]VOIRS >E SMALL] "! IS LESS WAT] 9 !
RIV]S1 & !Y >E DRI$ UP & _! VESSEL EMPTY
2F ! FRE% RA9 -ES ON4
  ,B IF ANY "O W PICTURE 6HMF A RES]VOIR
ADEQUATE 6! WAT] T IS 3T9U\SLY FL[+ "D
0"D1 & 3SID] ! AM.T (! WAT]1 X IS OBVI\S
T A RECEPTACLE T IS 63TA9 ALL ! WAT] T
FL[S 9 ! YE> WD 2 L>G] ?AN ! E>?1 OR1 AT
ANY RATE1 N M* SMALL]4
  ,?\< X IS EVID5T T _M RES]VOIRS ( ?
K9D D EXI/ 9 _M "PS (! E>?1 YET X IS
UNR1SONA# = ANY "O 6REFUSE 6ADMIT T AIR
2COMES WAT] 9 ! E>? =! SAME R1SON Z X
DOES ABV X4 ,IF ! COLD CAUSES ! VAPOR\S
AIR 63D5SE 96WAT] ABV ! E>? WE M/
SUPPOSE ! COLD 9 ! E>? 6PRODUCE ? SAME
E6ECT1 & RECOGNIZE T "! N ONLY EXI/S 9 X
& FL[S \ ( X ACTU,Y =M$ WAT]1 B T WAT]
IS 3T9U,Y =M+ 9 X TOO4
  ,AG1 EV5 9 ! CASE (! WAT] T IS N 2+
=M$ F "D 6"D B EXI/S Z S*1 WE M/ N
SUPPOSE Z "S D T RIV]S H _! S\RCE 9
DEF9ITE SUBT]RAN1N LAKES4 ,ON ! 3TR>Y1 J
Z ABV ! E>? SMALL DROPS =M & ^! JO9
O!RS1 TILL F9,Y ! WAT] DESC5DS 9 A BODY
Z RA91 S TOO WE M/ SUPPOSE T 9 ! E>? !
WAT] AT F/ TRICKLES TGR LL 0LL1 & T !
S\RCES (! RIV]S DRIP1 Z X W]E1 \ (! E>?
& !N UNITE4 ,? IS PROV$ 0FACTS4 ,:5 M5
3/RUCT AN AQUEDUCT !Y COLLECT ! WAT] 9
PIPES & TR5*ES1 Z IF ! E>? 9 ! HI<] GR.D
7 SW1T+ ! WAT] \4 ,H;E1 TOO1 ! H1D-WAT]S
( RIV]S >E F.D 6FL[ F M.TA9S1 & F !
GRTE/ M.TA9S "! FL[ ! MO/ NUM]\S & GRTE/
RIV]S4 ,AG1 MO/ SPR+S >E 9 ! NEI<B\RHOOD
( M.TA9S &( HI< GR.D1 ":AS IF WE EXCEPT
RIV]S1 WAT] R>ELY APPE>S 9 ! PLA9S4 ,=
M.TA9S & HI< GR.D1 SUSP5D$ OV] ! C.TRY L
A SATURAT$ SP;GE1 MAKE ! WAT] OOZE \ &
TRICKLE TGR 9 M9UTE QUANTITIES B 9 _M
PLACES4 ,!Y RCV A GRT D1L ( WAT] FALL+ Z
RA9 7= X MAKES NO DI6];E :E!R A SP;GY
RECEPTACLE IS 3CAVE & TURN$ UP OR 3VEX &
TURN$ D[N3 9 EI CASE X W 3TA9 ! SAME
VOLUME ( MATT]7 &1 !Y AL COOL ! VAP\R T
RISES & 3D5SE X BACK 96WAT]4
  ,H;E1 Z WE SD1 WE F9D T ! GRTE/ RIV]S
FL[ F ! GRTE/ M.TA9S4 ,? C 2 SE5 0LOOK+
AT IT9]>IES3 :AT IS RECORD$ 9 !M 3SI/S
EI ( ?+S : ! WRIT] HAS SE5 HMF OR ( S* Z
HE HAS -PIL$ AF 9QUIRY F ^? :O H SE5 !M4
  ,9 ,ASIA WE F9D T ! MO/ NUM]\S & GRTE/
RIV]S FL[ F ! M.TA9 CALL$ ,P>NASSUS1
ADMITT$LY ! GRTE/ ( ALL M.TA9S T[>DS !
S\?-EA/4 ,:5 Y H CROSS$ X Y SEE ! \T]
OC1N1 ! FUR!R LIMIT ( : IS UN"KN 6!
DWELL]S 9 \R _W4 ,2SS O!R RIV]S "! FL[ F
X ! ,BACTRUS1 ! ,*OASPES1 ! ,>AXES3 F !
LA/ A BRAN* SEP>ATES (F & FL[S 96LAKE
,MAEOTIS Z ! ,TANAIS4 ,F X1 TOO1 FL[S !
,9DUS1 ! VOLUME ( ^: /R1M IS GRTE/ ( ALL
RIV]S4 ,F ! ,CAUCASUS FL[S ! ,PHASIS1 &
V _M O!R GRT RIV]S 2SS4 ,N[ ! ,CAUCASUS
IS ! GRTE/ (! M.TA9S T LIE 6! NOR?EA/1
BO? Z REG>DS XS EXT5T & XS HEI<T4 ,A
PRO( ( XS HEI<T IS ! FACT T X C 2 SE5 F
! S-CALL$ ,8DEEPS0' & F ! 5TR.E 6! LAKE4
,AG1 ! SUN %9ES ON XS P1KS =A ?IRD "P (!
NI<T 2F SUNRISE & AG AF SUNSET4 ,XS
EXT5T IS PROV$ 0! FACT T ?"\ 3TA9S _M
9HABITA# REGIONS : >E O3UPI$ 0_M N,NS &
9 : "! >E SD 6BE GRT LAKES1 YET !Y SAY T
ALL ^! REGIONS >E VISI# UP 6! LA/ P1K4
,F ,PYR5E 7? IS A M.TA9 T[>DS ! WE/ 9
,CELTICE7 "! FL[ ! ,I/RUS &! ,T>TESSUS4
,! LATT] FL[S \TSIDE ! PILL>S1 :ILE !
,I/RUS FL[S "? ALL ,EUROPE 96! ,EUX9E4
,MO/ (! REMA9+ RIV]S FL[ NOR?W>DS F !
,H]CYNIAN M.TA9S1 : >E ! GRTE/ 9 HEI<T &
EXT5T AB T REGION4 ,9 ! EXTREME NOR?1 2Y
FUR!/ ,SCY?IA1 >E ! M.TA9S CALL$
,RHIPAE4 ,! /ORIES AB _! SIZE >E ALT TOO
FABUL\S3 H["E1 !Y SAY T ! MO/ & 7AF !
,I/RUS7 ! GRTE/ RIV]S FL[ F !M4 ,S1 TOO1
9 ,LIBYA "! FL[ F ! ,AE?IOPIAN M.TA9S !
,AEGON &! ,NYSES2 & F ! S-CALL$ ,SILV]
,M.TA9 ! TWO GRTE/ ( "ND RIV]S1 ! RIV]
CALL$ ,*REMETES T FL[S 96! \T] OC1N1 &!
MA9 S\RCE (! ,NILE4 ,(! RIV]S 9 ! ,GREEK
_W1 ! ,A*EL\S FL[S F ,P9DUS1 ! ,9A*US F
! SAME M.TA92 ! ,/RYMON1 ! ,NE/US1 &!
,HEBRUS ALL ?REE F ,SCOMBRUS2 _M RIV]S1
TOO1 FL[ F ,RHODOPE4
  ,ALL O!R RIV]S WD 2 F.D 6FL[ 9 ! SAME
WAY1 B WE H M5;N$ ^! Z EXAMPLES4 ,EV5 ":
RIV]S FL[ F M>%ES1 ! M>%ES 9 ALM E CASE
>E F.D 6LIE 2L M.TA9S OR GRADU,Y RIS+
GR.D4
  ,X IS CLE> !N T WE M/ N SUPPOSE RIV]S
6ORIG9ATE F DEF9ITE RES]VOIRS3 =! :OLE
E>?1 WE MI<T ALM SAY1 WD N 2 SU6ICI5T
7ANY M ?AN ! REGION (! CL\DS WD BE7 IF
WE 7 6SUPPOSE T !Y 7 F$ 0ACTU,Y EXI/+
WAT] ONLY & X 7 N ! CASE T Z "S WAT]
PASS$ \ ( EXI/;E "S M CAME 96EXI/;E1 B
RIV]S ALW DREW _! /R1M F AN EXI/+ /ORE4
,SECONDLY1 ! FACT T RIV]S RISE AT ! FOOT
( M.TA9S PROVES T A PLACE TRANSMITS !
WAT] X 3TA9S 0GRADUAL P]COL,N ( _M
DROPS1 LL 0LL1 & T ? IS H[ ! S\RCES (
RIV]S ORIG9ATE4 ,H["E1 "! IS NO?+
IMPOSSI# AB ! EXI/;E ( S* PLACES 3TA9+ A
QUANT;Y ( WAT] L LAKES3 ONLY !Y _C 2 BIG
5 6PRODUCE ! SUPPOS$ E6ECT4 ,6?9K T !Y
>E IS J Z ABSURD Z IF "O 7 6SUPPOSE T
RIV]S DREW ALL _! WAT] F ! S\RCES WE SEE
7= MO/ RIV]S D FL[ F SPR+S74 ,S X IS NO
M R1SONA# 6SUPPOSE ^? LAKES 63TA9 ! :OLE
VOLUME ( WAT] ?AN ^! SPR+S4
  ,T "! EXI/ S* *ASMS & CAVITIES 9 ! E>?
WE >E TAU<T 0! RIV]S T >E SWALL[$ UP4
,!Y >E F.D 9 _M "PS (! E>?3 9 !
,PELOPONNESUS1 = 9/.E1 "! >E _M S* RIV]S
9 ,>CADIA4 ,! R1SON IS T ,>CADIA IS
M.TA9\S & "! >E NO *ANNELS F XS VALLEYS
6! SEA4 ,S ^! PLACES GET FULL ( WAT]1 &
?1 HAV+ NO \TLET1 "U ! PRESSURE (! WAT]
T IS A4$ ABV1 F9DS A WAY \ = XF "UGR.D4
,9 ,GREECE ? K9D ( ?+ HAPP5S ON Q A
SMALL SCALE1 B ! LAKE AT ! FOOT (!
,CAUCASUS1 : ! 9HABITANTS ( ^! "PS CALL
A SEA1 IS 3SID]A#4 ,_M GRT RIV]S FALL
96X & X HAS NO VISI# \TLET B ISSUES 2L !
E>? (F ! L& (! ,CORAXI AB ! S-CALL$
,8DEEPS ( ,PONTUS0'4 ,? IS A PLACE (
UNFA?OMA# DEP? 9 ! SEA3 AT ANY RATE NO
"O HAS YET BE5 A# 6F9D BOTTOM "! 0S.D+4
,AT ? SPOT1 AB ?REE HUNDR$ /ADIA F L&1
"! -ES UP SWEET WAT] OV] A L>GE >EA1 N
ALL ( X TGR B 9 ?REE PLACES4 ,& 9
,LIGURIA A RIV] EQUAL 9 SIZE 6!
,RHODANUS IS SWALL[$ UP & APPE>S AG
ELSE":3 ! ,RHODANUS 2+ A NAVIGA# RIV]4
                  #AD
  ,! SAME "PS (! E>? >E N ALW MOI/ OR
DRY1 B !Y *ANGE AC Z RIV]S -E 96EXI/;E &
DRY UP4 ,& S ! REL,N ( L& 6SEA *ANGES
TOO &A PLACE DOES N ALW REMA9 L& OR SEA
"?\T ALL "T1 B ": "! 0 DRY L& "! -ES 6BE
SEA1 & ": "! IS N[ SEA1 "! "O "D -ES 6BE
DRY L&4 ,B WE M/ SUPPOSE ^! *ANGES
6FOLL[ "S ORD] & CYCLE4 ,! PR9CIPLE &
CAUSE ( ^! *ANGES IS T ! 9T]IOR (! E>?
GR[S & DECAYS1 L ! BODIES ( PLANTS &
ANIMALS4 ,ONLY 9 ! CASE ( ^! LATT] !
PROCESS DOES N G ON 0"PS1 B EA* ( !M
NECESS>ILY GR[S OR DECAYS Z A :OLE1 ":AS
X DOES G ON 0"PS 9 ! CASE (! E>?4 ,"H !
CAUSES >E COLD & H1T1 : 9CR1SE & DIM9I%
ON A3.T (! SUN & XS C\RSE4 ,X IS [+ 6!M
T ! "PS (! E>? -E 6H A DI6]5T "*1 T "S
"PS REMA9 MOI/ =A C]TA9 "T1 & !N DRY UP
& GR[ OLD1 :ILE O!R "PS 9 _! TURN >E
FILL$ ) LIFE & MOI/URE4 ,N[ :5 PLACES
2COME DRI] ! SPR+S NECESS>ILY GIVE \1 &
:5 ? HAPP5S ! RIV]S F/ DECR1SE 9 SIZE &
!N F9,Y 2COME DRY2 & :5 RIV]S *ANGE &
4APPE> 9 "O "P & -E 96EXI/;E
CORRESPOND+LY 9 ANO!R1 ! SEA M/ NE$S 2
A6ECT$4
  ,IF ! SEA 0 ONCE PU%$ \ 0RIV]S &
5CROA*$ ^U ! L& ANY":1 X NECESS>ILY
L1VES T PLACE DRY :5 X REC$ES2 AG1 IF !
DRY L& HAS 5CROA*$ ON ! SEA AT ALL 0A
PROCESS ( SILT+ SET UP 0! RIV]S :5 AT _!
FULL1 ! "T M/ -E :5 ? PLACE W 2 FLOOD$
AG4
  ,B ! :OLE VITAL PROCESS (! E>? TAKES
PLACE S GRADU,Y & 9 P]IODS ( "T : >E S
IMM5SE -P>$ )! L5G? ( \R LIFE1 T ^!
*ANGES >E N OBS]V$1 & 2F _! C\RSE C 2
RECORD$ F 2G9N+ 65D :OLE N,NS P]I% & >E
DE/ROY$4 ,( S* DE/RUC;NS ! MO/ UTT] &
SU45 >E DUE 6W>S2 B PE/IL;E OR FAM9E
CAUSE !M TOO4 ,FAM9ES1 AG1 >E EI SU45 &
SEV]E OR ELSE GRADUAL4 ,9 ! LATT] CASE !
4APPE>.E (A N,N IS N NOTIC$ 2C "S L1VE !
C.TRY :ILE O!RS REMA92 & ? GOES ON UNTIL
! L& IS UNA# 6MA9TA9 ANY 9HABITANTS AT
ALL4 ,S A L;G P]IOD ( "T IS LIKELY
6ELAPSE F ! F/ DE"PURE 6! LA/1 & NO "O
REMEMB]S &! LAPSE ( "T DE/ROYS ALL
RECORD EV5 2F ! LA/ 9HABITANTS H
4APPE>$4 ,9 ! SAME WAY A N,N M/ 2
SUPPOS$ 6LOSE A3.T (! "T :5 X F/ SETTL$
9 A L& T 0 *ANG+ F A M>%Y & WAT]Y /ATE &
2COM+ DRY4 ,"H1 TOO1 ! *ANGE IS GRADUAL
& LA/S A L;G "T & M5 D N REMEMB] :O CAME
F/1 OR :51 OR :AT ! L& 0 L :5 !Y CAME4
,? HAS BE5 ! CASE ) ,EGYPT4 ,"H X IS
OBVI\S T ! L& IS 3T9U,Y GETT+ DRI] & T !
:OLE C.TRY IS A DEPOSIT (! RIV] ,NILE4
,B 2C ! NEI<B\R+ PEOPLES SETTL$ 9 ! L&
GRADU,Y Z ! M>%ES DRI$1 ! LAPSE ( "T HAS
HI45 ! 2G9N+ (! PROCESS4 ,H["E1 ALL !
M\?S (! ,NILE1 )! S+LE EXCEP;N ( T AT
,CANOPUS1 >E OBVI\SLY >TIFICIAL & N
NATURAL4 ,& ,EGYPT 0 NO?+ M ?AN :AT IS
CALL$ ,!BES1 Z ,HOM]1 TOO1 %[S1 MOD]N
?\< HE IS 9 REL,N 6S* *ANGES4 ,= ,!BES
IS ! PLACE T HE M5;NS2 : IMPLIES T
,MEMPHIS DID N YET EXI/1 OR AT ANY RATE
0 N Z IMPORTANT Z X IS N[4 ,T ? %D 2 S
IS NATURAL1 S9CE ! L[] L& CAME 6BE
9HABIT$ LAT] ?AN T : LAY HI<]4 ,=! "PS T
LIE NE>] 6! PLACE ": ! RIV] IS DEPOSIT+
! SILT >E NECESS>ILY M>%Y =A L;G] "T
S9CE ! WAT] ALW LIES MO/ 9 ! NEWLY =M$
L&4 ,B 9 "T ? L& *ANGES XS "*1 & 9 XS
TURN 5JOYS A P]IOD ( PROSP];Y4 ,= ^!
PLACES DRY UP & -E 6BE 9 GD 3DI;N :ILE !
PLACES T 7 =M]LY WELL-TEMP]$ "S "D GR[
EXCESSIVELY DRY & DET]IORATE4 ,? HAPP5$
6! L& ( ,>GOS & ,MYC5AE 9 ,GREECE4 ,9 !
"T (! ,TROJAN W>S ! ,>GIVE L& 0 M>%Y &
CD ONLY SUPPORT A SMALL POPUL,N1 ":AS !
L& ( ,MYC5AE 0 9 GD 3DI;N 7&= ? R1SON
,MYC5AE 0 ! SUP]IOR74 ,B N[ ! OPPOSITE
IS ! CASE1 =! R1SON WE H M5;N$3 ! L& (
,MYC5AE HAS 2COME -PLETELY DRY & B>R51
:ILE ! ,>GIVE L& T 0 =M]LY B>R5 [+ 6!
WAT] HAS N[ 2COME FRUIT;L4 ,N[ ! SAME
PROCESS T HAS TAK5 PLACE 9 ? SMALL
4TRICT M/ 2 SUPPOS$ 6BE GO+ ON OV] :OLE
C.TRIES & ON A L>GE SCALE4
  ,M5 ^: \TLOOK IS N>R[ SUPPOSE ! CAUSE
( S* EV5TS 6BE *ANGE 9 ! UNIV]SE1 9 !
S5SE (A -+ 6BE (! _W Z A :OLE4 ,H;E !Y
SAY T ! SEA 2+ DRI$ UP & IS GR[+ LESS1
2C ? IS OBS]V$ 6H HAPP5$ 9 M PLACES N[
?AN =M]LY4 ,B ? IS ONLY "PI,Y TRUE4 ,X
IS TRUE T _M PLACES >E N[ DRY1 T =M]LY 7
COV]$ ) WAT]4 ,B ! OPPOSITE IS TRUE TOO3
= IF !Y LOOK !Y W F9D T "! >E _M PLACES
": ! SEA HAS 9VAD$ ! L&4 ,B WE M/ N
SUPPOSE T ! CAUSE ( ? IS T ! _W IS 9
PROCESS ( 2COM+4 ,= X IS ABSURD 6MAKE !
UNIV]SE 6BE 9 PROCESS 2C ( SMALL &
TRIFL+ *ANGES1 :5 ! BULK & SIZE (! E>?
>E SURELY Z NO?+ 9 -P>ISON )! :OLE _W4
,R WE M/ TAKE ! CAUSE ( ALL ^! *ANGES
6BE T1 J Z W9T] O3URS 9 ! S1SONS (! YE>1
S 9 DET]M9$ P]IODS "! -ES A GRT W9T] (A
GRT YE> &) X EXCESS ( RA94 ,B ? EXCESS
DOES N ALW O3UR 9 ! SAME PLACE4 ,!
DELUGE 9 ! "T ( ,DEUCALION1 = 9/.E1 TOOK
PLACE *IEFLY 9 ! ,GREEK _W & 9 X
ESPECI,Y AB ANCI5T ,HELLAS1 ! C.TRY AB
,DODONA &! ,A*EL\S1 A RIV] : HAS (T5
*ANG$ XS C\RSE4 ,"H ! ,SELLI DWELT & ^?
:O 7 =M]LY CALL$ ,GRAECI & N[ ,HELL5ES4
,:51 "!=E1 S* AN EXCESS ( RA9 O3URS WE
M/ SUPPOSE T X SU6ICES =A L;G "T4 ,WE H
SE5 T "S SAY T ! SIZE (! SUBT]RAN1N
CAVITIES IS :AT MAKES "S RIV]S P]5NIAL &
O!RS N1 ":AS WE MA9TA9 T ! SIZE (!
M.TA9S IS ! CAUSE1 & _! D5S;Y & COLD;S2
= GRT1 D5SE1 & COLD M.TA9S CAT* & KEEP &
CR1TE MO/ WAT]3 ":AS IF ! M.TA9S T
OV]HANG ! S\RCES ( RIV]S >E SMALL OR
POR\S & /ONY & CLAYEY1 ^! RIV]S RUN DRY
E>LI]4 ,WE M/ RECOGNIZE ! SAME K9D ( ?+
9 ? CASE TOO4 ,": S* ABUND.E ( RA9 FALLS
9 ! GRT W9T] X T5DS 6MAKE ! MOI/URE ( ^?
PLACES ALM "ELA/+4 ,B Z "T GOES ON
PLACES (! LATT] TYPE DRY UP M1 :ILE ^? (
! =M]1 MOI/ TYPE1 D S LESS3 UNTIL AT LA/
! 2G9N+ (! SAME CYCLE RETURNS4
  ,S9CE "! IS NECESS>ILY "S *ANGE 9 !
:OLE _W1 B N 9 ! WAY ( -+ 96EXI/;E OR
P]I%+ 7=! UNIV]SE IS P]MAN5T71 X M/ BE1
Z WE SAY1 T ! SAME PLACES >E N = "E MOI/
"? ! PRES;E ( SEA & RIV]S1 NOR = "E DRY4
,&! FACTS PROVE ?4 ,! :OLE L& (!
,EGYPTIANS1 :OM WE TAKE 6BE ! MO/ ANCI5T
( M51 HAS EVID5TLY GRADU,Y -E 96EXI/;E &
BE5 PRODUC$ 0! RIV]4 ,? IS CLE> F AN
OBS]V,N (! C.TRY1 &! FACTS AB ! ,R$ ,SEA
SU6ICE 6PROVE X TOO4 ,"O ( _! K+S TRI$
6MAKE A CANAL 6X 7= X WD H BE5 ( NO LL
ADVANTAGE 6!M =! :OLE REGION 6H 2COME
NAVIGA#2 ,SESO/RIS IS SD 6H BE5 ! F/ (!
ANCI5T K+S 6TRY71 B HE F.D T ! SEA 0
HI<] ?AN ! L&4 ,S HE F/1 & ,D>IUS AFWS1
/OPP$ MAK+ ! CANAL1 LE/ ! SEA %D MIX )!
RIV] WAT] & SPOIL X4 ,S X IS CLE> T ALL
? "P 0 ONCE UNBROK5 SEA4 ,=! SAME R1SON
,LIBYA-! C.TRY ( ,AMMON-IS1 /RANGELY
5\<1 L[] & HOLL[] ?AN ! L& 6! S1W>D ( X4
,= X IS CLE> T A B>RI] ( SILT 0 =M$ & AF
X LAKES & DRY L&1 B 9 C\RSE ( "T ! WAT]
T 0 LEFT 2H 9 ! LAKES DRI$ UP & IS N[
ALL G"O4 ,AG ! SILT+ UP (! LAKE ,MAEOTIS
0! RIV]S HAS ADV.ED S M* T ! LIMIT 6!
SIZE (! %IPS : C N[ SAIL 96X 6TRADE IS
M* L[] ?AN X 0 SIXTY YE>S AGO4 ,H;E X IS
EASY 69F] T X1 TOO1 L MO/ LAKES1 0
ORIG9,Y PRODUC$ 0! RIV]S & T X M/ 5D
0DRY+ UP 5TIRELY4
  ,AG1 ? PROCESS ( SILT+ UP CAUSES A
3T9U\S CURR5T "? ! ,BOSPORUS2 & 9 ? CASE
WE C DIRECTLY OBS]VE ! NATURE (!
PROCESS4 ,:5"E ! CURR5T F ! ,ASIATIC
%ORE ?REW UP A S&BANK1 "! F/ =M$ A SMALL
LAKE 2H X4 ,LAT] X DRI$ UP &A SECOND
S&BANK =M$ 9 FRONT (! F/ &A SECOND LAKE4
,? PROCESS W5T ON UNI=MLY & )\T
9T]RUP;N4 ,N[ :5 ? HAS BE5 REP1T$ (T5
5\<1 9 ! C\RSE ( "T ! /RAIT M/ 2COME L A
RIV]1 & 9 ! 5D ! RIV] XF M/ DRY UP4
  ,S X IS CLE>1 S9CE "! W 2 NO 5D 6"T &!
_W IS ET]NAL1 T NEI ! ,TANAIS NOR !
,NILE HAS ALW BE5 FL[+1 B T ! REGION :;E
!Y FL[ 0 ONCE DRY3 = _! E6ECT MAY 2
FULFILL$1 B "T _C4 ,& ? W 2 EQU,Y TRUE (
ALL O!R RIV]S4 ,B IF RIV]S -E 96EXI/;E &
P]I% &! SAME "PS (! E>? 7 N ALW MOI/1 !
SEA M/ NE$S *ANGE CORRESPOND+LY4 ,& IF !
SEA IS ALW ADVANC+ 9 "O PLACE & REC$+ 9
ANO!R X IS CLE> T ! SAME "PS (! :OLE E>?
>E N ALW EI SEA OR L&1 B T ALL ? *ANGES
9 C\RSE ( "T4
  ,S WE H EXPLA9$ T ! SAME "PS (! E>? >E
N ALW L& OR SEA & :Y T IS S3 & AL :Y "S
RIV]S >E P]5NIAL & O!RS N4
               ,BOOK ,,II
                   #A
  ,LET U EXPLA9 ! NATURE (! SEA &! R1SON
:Y S* A L>GE MASS ( WAT] IS SALT &! WAY
9 : X ORIG9,Y CAME 6BE4
  ,! OLD WRIT]S :O 9V5T$ !OGONIES SAY T
! SEA HAS SPR+S1 = !Y WANT E>? & SEA 6H
F.D,NS & ROOTS ( _! [N4 ,PRESUMABLY !Y
?"\ T ? VIEW 0 GR&] & M IMPRESSIVE Z
IMPLY+ T \R E>? 0 AN IMPORTANT "P (!
UNIV]SE4 ,= !Y 2LIEV$ T ! :OLE _W _H BE5
BUILT UP R.D \R E>? &= XS SAKE1 & T !
E>? 0 ! MO/ IMPORTANT & PRIM>Y "P ( X4
,O!RS1 WIS] 9 HUMAN K1 GIVE AN A3.T ( XS
ORIG94 ,AT F/1 !Y SAY1 ! E>? 0 SURR.D$
0MOI/URE4 ,!N ! SUN 2GAN 6DRY X UP1 "P (
X EVAPORAT$ & IS ! CAUSE ( W9DS &!
TURN+S BACK (! SUN &! MOON1 :ILE !
REMA9D] =MS ! SEA4 ,S ! SEA IS 2+ DRI$
UP & IS GR[+ LESS1 & W 5D 02+ "S "D
5TIRELY DRI$ UP4 ,O!RS SAY T ! SEA IS A
K9D ( SW1T EXUD$ 0! E>? :5 ! SUN H1TS X1
& T ? EXPLA9S XS SALT;S3 = ALL SW1T IS
SALT4 ,O!RS SAY T ! SALT;S IS DUE 6!
E>?4 ,J Z WAT] /RA9$ "? A%ES 2COMES
SALT1 S ! SEA [ES XS SALT;S 6! ADMIXTURE
( E>? ) SIMIL> PROP]TIES4
  ,WE M/ N[ 3SID] ! FACTS : PROVE T !
SEA _C POSSIBLY H SPR+S4 ,! WAT]S WE F9D
ON ! E>? EI FL[ OR >E /,N>Y4 ,ALL FL[+
WAT] HAS SPR+S4 7,0A SPR+1 Z WE H
EXPLA9$ ABV1 WE M/ N "U/& A S\RCE F :
WAT]S >E LADL$ Z X 7 F A VESSEL1 B A F/
PO9T AT : ! WAT] : IS 3T9U,Y =M+ &
P]COLAT+ GA!RS47 ,/,N>Y WAT] IS EI T :
HAS COLLECT$ & HAS BE5 LEFT /&+1 M>%Y
POOLS1 = 9/.E1 & LAKES1 : DI6] M]ELY 9
SIZE1 OR ELSE X -ES F SPR+S4 ,9 ? CASE X
IS ALW >TIFICIAL1 ,I M1N Z 9 ! CASE (
WELLS1 O!RWISE ! SPR+ WD H 6BE ABV !
\TLET4 ,H;E ! WAT] F F.TA9S & RIV]S FL[S
( XF1 ":AS WELLS NE$ 6BE "W$ >TIFICI,Y4
,ALL ! WAT]S T EXI/ 2L;G 6"O OR O!R ( ^!
CLASSES4
  ,ON ! BASIS ( ? DIVI.N WE C SEC T !
SEA _C H SPR+S4 ,= X FALLS "U NEI (! TWO
CLASSES2 X DOES N FL[ & X IS N
>TIFICIAL2 ":AS ALL WAT] F SPR+S M/ 2L;G
6"O OR O!R ( !M4 ,NATURAL /&+ WAT] F
SPR+S IS N"E F.D ON S* A L>GE SCALE4
  ,AG1 "! >E S"EAL S1S T H NO -MUNIC,N )
"O ANO!R AT ALL4 ,! ,R$ ,SEA1 = 9/.E1
-MUNICATES B SLI<TLY )! OC1N \TSIDE !
/RAITS1 &! ,HYRCANIAN & ,CASPIAN S1S >E
4T9CT F ? OC1N & P DWELL ALL R.D !M4
,H;E1 IF ^! S1S _H _H ANY SPR+S ANY": !Y
M/ H BE5 4COV]$4
  ,X IS TRUE T 9 /RAITS1 ": ! L& ON EI
SIDE 3TRACTS AN OP5 SEA 96A SMALL SPACE1
! SEA APPE>S 6FL[4 ,B ? IS 2C X IS SW++
6& FRO4 ,9 ! OP5 SEA ? MO;N IS N OBS]V$1
B ": ! L& N>R[S & 3TRACTS ! SEA ! MO;N T
0 IMP]CEPTI# 9 ! OP5 NECESS>ILY /RIKES !
ATT5;N4
  ,! :OLE (! ,M$IT]RAN1N DOES ACTU,Y
FL[4 ,! DIREC;N ( ? FL[ IS DET]M9$ 0!
DEP? (! BAS9S & 0! NUMB] ( RIV]S4
,MAEOTIS FL[S 96,PONTUS & ,PONTUS 96!
,AEG1N4 ,AF T ! FL[ (! REMA9+ S1S IS N S
EASY 6OBS]VE4 ,! CURR5T ( ,MAEOTIS &
,PONTUS IS DUE 6! NUMB] ( RIV]S 7M RIV]S
FL[ 96! ,EUX9E & ,MAEOTIS ?AN 96! :OLE
,M$IT]RAN1N ) XS M* L>G] BAS971 & 6_! [N
%ALL[;S4 ,= WE F9D ! SEA GETT+ DEEP] &
DEEP]4 ,PONTUS IS DEEP] ?AN ,MAEOTIS1 !
,AEG1N ?AN ,PONTUS1 ! ,SICILIAN SEA ?AN
! ,AEG1N2 ! ,S>D9IAN & ,TYRRH5IC 2+ !
DEEPE/ ( ALL4 7,\TSIDE ! PILL>S (
,H]ACLES ! SEA IS %ALL[ [+ 6! MUD1 B
CALM1 = X LIES 9 A HOLL[47 ,WE SEE1 !N1
T J Z S+LE RIV]S FL[ F M.TA9S1 S X IS )!
E>? Z A :OLE3 ! GRTE/ VOLUME ( WAT] FL[S
F ! HI<] REGIONS 9 ! NOR?4 ,_! ALLUVIUM
MAKES ! NOR!RN S1S %ALL[1 :ILE ! \T] S1S
>E DEEP]4 ,"S FUR!R EVID;E (! HEI<T (!
NOR!RN REGIONS (! E>? IS AF=D$ 0! VIEW (
_M (! ANCI5T METEOROLOGI/S4 ,!Y 2LIEV$ T
! SUN DID N PASS 2L ! E>?1 B R.D XS
NOR!RN "P1 & T X 0 ! HEI<T ( ? : OBSCUR$
! SUN & CAUS$ NI<T4
  ,S M* 6PROVE T "! _C 2 S\RCES (! SEA &
6EXPLA9 XS OBS]V$ FL[4
                   #B
  ,WE M/ N[ 4CUSS ! ORIG9 (! SEA1 IF X
HAS AN ORIG91 &! CAUSE ( XS SALT & BITT]
TA/E4
  ,:AT MADE E>LI] WRIT]S 3SID] ! SEA 6BE
! ORIG9AL & MA9 BODY ( WAT] IS ?4 ,X
SEEMS R1SONA# 6SUPPOSE T 6BE ! CASE ON !
ANALOGY (! O!R ELE;TS4 ,EA* ( !M HAS A
MA9 BULK : 0R1SON ( XS MASS IS ! ORIG9 (
T ELE;T1 & ANY "PS : *ANGE & MIX )! O!R
ELE;TS -E F X4 ,?US ! MA9 BODY ( FIRE IS
9 ! UPP] REGION2 T ( AIR O3UPIES ! PLACE
NEXT 9SIDE ! REGION ( FIRE2 :ILE ! MASS
(! E>? IS T R.D : ! RE/ (! ELE;TS >E SE5
6LIE4 ,S WE M/ CLE>LY LOOK = "S?+
ANALOG\S 9 ! CASE ( WAT]4 ,B "H WE C F9D
NO S* S+LE MASS1 Z 9 ! CASE (! O!R
ELE;TS1 EXCEPT ! SEA4 ,RIV] WAT] IS N A
UN;Y1 NOR IS X /A#1 B IS SE5 6BE 9 A
3T9U\S PROCESS ( 2COM+ F "D 6"D4 ,X 0 ?
DI6ICULTY : MADE P REG>D ! SEA Z ! ORIG9
& S\RCE ( MOI/URE &( ALL WAT]4 ,& S WE
F9D X MA9TA9$ T RIV]S N ONLY FL[ 96! SEA
B ORIG9ATE F X1 ! SALT WAT] 2COM+ SWEET
0FILTR,N4
  ,B ? VIEW 9VOLVES ANO!R DI6ICULTY4 ,IF
? BODY ( WAT] IS ! ORIG9 & S\RCE ( ALL
WAT]1 :Y IS X SALT & N SWEET8 ,! R1SON =
?1 2SS ANSW]+ ? "Q1 W 5SURE \R HAV+ A "R
F/ 3CEP;N (! NATURE (! SEA4
  ,! E>? IS SURR.D$ 0WAT]1 J Z T IS 0!
SPH]E ( AIR1 & T AG 0! SPH]E CALL$ T (
FIRE 7: IS ! \T]MO/ BO? ON ! -MON VIEW &
ON \RS74 ,N[ ! SUN1 MOV+ Z X DOES1 SETS
UP PROCESSES ( *ANGE & 2COM+ & DECAY1 &
0XS AG5CY ! F9E/ & SWEETE/ WAT] IS E "D
C>RI$ UP & IS 4SOLV$ 96VAP\R & RISES 6!
UPP] REGION1 ": X IS 3D5S$ AG 0! COLD &
S RETURNS 6! E>?4 ,?1 Z WE H SD 2F1 IS !
REGUL> C\RSE ( NATURE4
  ,H;E ALL MY PR$ECESSORS :O SUPPOS$ T !
SUN 0 N\RI%$ 0MOI/URE >E ABSURDLY
MISTAK54 ,"S G ON 6SAY T ! SOL/ICES >E
DUE 6?1 ! R1SON 2+ T ! SAME PLACES _C
ALW SUPPLY ! SUN ) N\RI%;T & T )\T X HE
M/ P]I%4 ,=! FIRE WE >E FAMILI> ) LIVES
Z L;G Z X IS F$1 &! ONLY FOOD = FIRE IS
MOI/URE4 ,Z IF ! MOI/URE T IS RAIS$ CD
R1* ! SUN6 OR ? ASC5T 7 RE,Y L T P]=M$
0FLAME Z X -ES 962+1 & 6: !Y SUPPOS$ !
CASE (! SUN 6BE ANALOG\S6 ,RE,Y "! IS NO
SIMIL>;Y4 ,A FLAME IS A PROCESS ( 2COM+1
9VOLV+ A 3/ANT 9T]*ANGE ( MOI/ & DRY4 ,X
_C 2 SD 6BE N\RI%$ S9CE X SC>CELY P]SI/S
Z "O &! SAME =A MO;T4 ,? _C 2 TRUE (!
SUN2 = IF X 7 N\RI%$ L T1 Z !Y SAY X IS1
WE %D OBVI\SLY N ONLY H A NEW SUN E "D1
Z ,H]ACLITUS SAYS1 B A NEW SUN E MO;T4
,AG1 :5 ! SUN CAUSES ! MOI/URE 6RISE1 ?
IS L FIRE H1T+ WAT]4 ,S1 Z ! FIRE IS N
F$ 0! WAT] ABV X1 X IS ABSURD 6SUPPOSE T
! SUN FE$S ON T MOI/URE1 EV5 IF XS H1T
MADE ALL ! WAT] 9 ! _W EVAPORATE4 ,AG1 X
IS ABSURD1 3SID]+ ! NUMB] & SIZE (! />S1
T ^! ?9K]S %D 3SID] ! SUN ONLY & OV]LOOK
! "Q H[ ! RE/ (! H1V5LY BODIES SUBSI/4
,AG1 !Y >E MET 0! SAME DI6ICULTY Z ^? :O
SAY T AT F/ ! E>? XF 0 MOI/ &! _W R.D !
E>? 0 W>M$ 0! SUN1 & S AIR 0 G5]AT$ &!
:OLE FIRMA;T GREW1 &! AIR CAUS$ W9DS &
SOL/ICES4 ,! OBJEC;N IS T WE ALW PLA9LY
SEE ! WAT] T HAS BE5 C>RI$ UP -+ D[N AG4
,EV5 IF ! SAME AM.T DOES N -E BACK 9 A
YE> OR 9 A GIV5 C.TRY1 YET 9 A C]TA9
P]IOD ALL T HAS BE5 C>RI$ UP IS RETURN$4
,? IMPLIES T ! CELE/IAL BODIES D N FE$
ON X1 & T WE _C 4T+UI% 2T "S AIR :
PRES]VES XS "* ONCE X IS G5]AT$ & "S O!R
: IS G5]AT$ B 2COMES WAT] AG & S P]I%ES2
ON ! 3TR>Y1 ALL ! MOI/URE ALIKE IS
4SOLV$ & ALL ( X 3D5S$ BACK 96WAT]4
  ,! DR9KA#1 SWEET WAT]1 !N1 IS LI<T &
IS ALL ( X DRAWN UP3 ! SALT WAT] IS H1VY
& REMA9S 2H1 B N 9 XS NATURAL PLACE4 ,=
? IS A "Q : HAS BE5 SU6ICI5TLY 4CUSS$
7,I M1N AB ! NATURAL PLACE T WAT]1 L !
O!R ELE;TS1 M/ 9 R1SON H71 &! ANSW] IS
?4 ,! PLACE : WE SEE ! SEA FILL+ IS N XS
NATURAL PLACE B T ( WAT]4 ,X SEEMS 62L;G
6! SEA 2C ! WEI<T (! SALT WAT] MAKES X
REMA9 "!1 :ILE ! SWEET1 DR9KA# WAT] : IS
LI<T IS C>RI$ UP4 ,! SAME ?+ HAPP5S 9
ANIMAL BODIES4 ,"H1 TOO1 ! FOOD :5 X
5T]S ! BODY IS SWEET1 YET ! RESIDUUM &
DREGS ( LIQUID FOOD >E F.D 6BE BITT] &
SALT4 ,? IS 2C ! SWEET & DR9KA# "P ( X
HAS BE5 DRAWN AWAY 0! NATURAL ANIMAL H1T
& HAS PASS$ 96! FLE% &! O!R "PS (! BODY
AC 6_! S"EAL NATURES4 ,N[ J Z "H X WD 2
WR;G = ANY "O 6REFUSE 6CALL ! BELLY !
PLACE ( LIQUID FOOD 2C T 4APPE>S F X
SOON1 & 6CALL X ! PLACE (! RESIDUUM 2C ?
IS SE5 6REMA91 S 9 ! CASE ( \R PRES5T
SUBJECT4 ,? PLACE1 WE SAY1 IS ! PLACE (
WAT]4 ,H;E ALL RIV]S & ALL ! WAT] T IS
G5]AT$ FL[ 96X3 = WAT] FL[S 96! DEEPE/
PLACE1 &! DEEPE/ "P (! E>? IS FILL$ 0!
SEA4 ,ONLY ALL ! LI<T & SWEET "P ( X IS
QKLY C>RI$ (F 0! SUN1 :ILE "H/ REMA9S =!
R1SON WE H EXPLA9$4 ,X IS Q NATURAL T "S
P %D H BE5 PUZZL$ 0! OLD "Q :Y S* A MASS
( WAT] L1VES NO TRACE ANY": 7=! SEA DOES
N 9CR1SE ?\< 9NUM]A# & VA/ RIV]S >E FL[+
96X E "D47 ,B IF "O 3SID]S ! MATT] !
SOLU;N IS EASY4 ,! SAME AM.T ( WAT] DOES
N TAKE Z L;G 6DRY UP :5 X IS SPR1D \ Z
:5 X IS GA!R$ 9 A BODY1 & 9DE$ ! DI6];E
IS S GRT T 9 ! "O CASE X MI<T P]SI/ !
:OLE "D L;G :ILE 9 ! O!R X MI<T ALL
4APPE> 9 A MO;T-Z = 9/.E IF "O 7 6SPR1D
\ A CUP ( WAT] OV] A L>GE TA#4 ,? IS !
CASE )! RIV]S3 ALL ! "T !Y >E FL[+ _!
WAT] =MS A -PACT MASS1 B :5 X >RIVES AT
A VA/ WIDE PLACE X QKLY & IMP]CEPTIBLY
EVAPORATES4
  ,B ! !ORY (! ,PHAEDO AB RIV]S &! SEA
IS IMPOSSI#4 ,"! X IS SD T ! E>? IS
PI]C$ 09T]COMMUNICAT+ *ANNELS & T !
ORIG9AL H1D & S\RCE ( ALL WAT]S IS :AT
IS CALL$ ,T>T>US-A MASS ( WAT] AB !
C5TRE1 F : ALL WAT]S1 FL[+ & /&+1 >E
DERIV$4 ,? PRIM>Y & ORIG9AL WAT] IS ALW
SURG+ 6& FRO1 & S X CAUSES ! RIV]S 6FL[
ON ? SIDE (! E>?'S C5TRE & ON T2 = X HAS
NO FIX$ S1T B IS ALW OSCILLAT+ AB !
C5TRE4 ,XS MO;N UP & D[N IS :AT FILLS
RIV]S4 ,_M ( ^! =M LAKES 9 V>I\S PLACES
7\R SEA IS AN 9/.E ( "O ( ^!71 B ALL (
!M -E R.D AG 9 A CIRCLE 6! ORIG9AL S\RCE
( _! FL[1 _M AT ! SAME PO9T1 B "S AT A
PO9T OPPOSITE 6T F : !Y ISSU$2 = 9/.E1
IF !Y />T$ F ! O!R SIDE (! E>?'S C5TRE1
!Y MI<T RETURN F ? SIDE ( X4 ,!Y DESC5D
ONLY Z F> Z ! C5TRE1 = AF T ALL MO;N IS
UPW>DS4 ,WAT] GETS XS TA/ES & COL\RS F !
K9D ( E>? ! RIV]S HAPP5$ 6FL[ "?4
  ,B ON ? !ORY RIV]S D N ALW FL[ 9 !
SAME S5SE4 ,= S9CE !Y FL[ 6! C5TRE F :
!Y ISSUE =? !Y W N 2 FL[+ D[N ANY M ?AN
UP1 B 9 :AT"E DIREC;N ! SURG+ ( ,T>T>US
9CL9ES TO4 ,B AT ? RATE WE % GET !
PROV]BIAL RIV]S FL[+ UPW>DS1 : IS
IMPOSSI#4 ,AG1 ": IS ! WAT] T IS G5]AT$
& :AT GOES UP AG Z VAP\R 6-E F8 ,= ? M/
ALL ( X SIMPLY 2 IGNOR$1 S9CE ! QUANT;Y
( WAT] IS ALW ! SAME & ALL ! WAT] T FL[S
\ F ! ORIG9AL S\RCE FL[S BACK 6X AG4 ,?
XF IS N TRUE1 S9CE ALL RIV]S >E SE5 65D
9 ! SEA EXCEPT ": "O FL[S 96ANO!R4 ,N "O
( !M 5DS 9 ! E>?1 B EV5 :5 "O IS SWALL[$
UP X -ES 6! SURFACE AG4 ,& ^? RIV]S >E
L>GE : FL[ =A L;G 4T.E "? A L[Y+ C.TRY1
= 0_! SITU,N & L5G? !Y CUT (F ! C\RSE (
_M O!RS & SWALL[ !M UP4 ,? IS :Y !
,I/RUS &! ,NILE >E ! GRTE/ (! RIV]S :
FL[ 96\R SEA4 ,9DE$1 S _M RIV]S FALL
96!M T "! IS 4AGREE;T Z 6! S\RCES ( !M
BO?4 ,ALL ( : IS PLA9LY IMPOSSI# ON !
!ORY1 &! M S Z X DERIVES ! SEA F
,T>T>US4
  ,5 HAS BE5 SD 6PROVE T ? IS ! NATURAL
PLACE ( WAT] & N (! SEA1 & 6EXPLA9 :Y
SWEET WAT] IS ONLY F.D 9 RIV]S1 :ILE
SALT WAT] IS /,N>Y1 & 6%[ T ! SEA IS !
5D R ?AN ! S\RCE ( WAT]1 ANALOG\S 6!
RESIDUAL MATT] ( ALL FOOD1 & ESPECI,Y
LIQUID FOOD1 9 ANIMAL BODIES4
                   #C
  ,WE M/ N[ EXPLA9 :Y ! SEA IS SALT1 &
ASK :E!R X ET]N,Y EXI/S Z ID5TIC,Y !
SAME BODY1 OR :E!R X DID N EXI/ AT ALL
ONCE & "S "D W EXI/ NO L;G]1 B W DRY UP
Z "S P ?9K4
  ,E "O ADMITS ?1 T IF ! :OLE _W
ORIG9AT$ ! SEA DID TOO2 = !Y MAKE !M -E
962+ AT ! SAME "T4 ,X FOLL[S T IF !
UNIV]SE IS ET]NAL ! SAME M/ 2 TRUE (!
SEA4 ,ANY "O :O ?9KS L ,DEMOCRITUS T !
SEA IS DIM9I%+ & W 4APPE> 9 ! 5D REM9DS
U ( ,AESOP'S TALES4 ,8 /ORY 0 T ,*>YBDIS
_H TWICE SUCK$ 9 ! SEA3 ! F/ "T %E MADE
! M.TA9S VISI#2 ! SECOND "T ! ISL&S2 &
:5 %E SUCKS X 9 =! LA/ "T %E W DRY X UP
5TIRELY4 ,S* A TALE IS APPROPRIATE 5
6,AESOP 9 A RAGE )! F]RYMAN1 B N 6S]I\S
9QUIR]S4 ,:AT"E MADE ! SEA REMA9 AT F/1
:E!R X 0 XS WEI<T1 Z "S EV5 ( ^? :O HOLD
^! VIEWS SAY 7= X IS EASY 6SEE ! CAUSE
"H71 OR "S O!R R1SON-CLE>LY ! SAME ?+ M/
MAKE X P]SI/ = "E4 ,!Y M/ EI D5Y T !
WAT] RAIS$ 0! SUN W RETURN AT ALL1 OR1
IF X DOES1 !Y M/ ADMIT T ! SEA P]SI/S =
"E OR Z L;G Z ? PROCESS GOES ON1 & AG1 T
=! SAME P]IOD ( "T T SWEET WAT] M/ H BE5
C>RI$ UP 2FH&4 ,S ! SEA W N"E DRY UP3 =
2F T C HAPP5 ! WAT] T HAS G"O UP 2FH& W
RETURN 6X3 = IF Y SAY T ? HAPP5S ONCE Y
M/ ADMIT XS RECURR;E4 ,IF Y /OP ! SUN'S
C\RSE "! IS NO DRY+ AG5CY4 ,IF Y LET X G
ON X W DRAW UP ! SWEET WAT] Z WE H SD
:5"E X APPROA*ES1 & LET X DESC5D AG :5 X
REC$ES4 ,? NO;N AB ! SEA IS DERIV$ F !
FACT T _M PLACES >E F.D 6BE DRI] N[ ?AN
!Y ONCE W]E4 ,:Y ? IS S WE H EXPLA9$4 ,!
PH5OM5ON IS DUE 6TEMPOR>Y EXCESS ( RA9 &
N 6ANY PROCESS ( 2COM+ 9 : ! UNIV]SE OR
XS "PS >E 9VOLV$4 ,"S "D ! OPPOSITE W
TAKE PLACE & AF T ! E>? W GR[ DRY ONCE
AG4 ,WE M/ RECOGNIZE T ? PROCESS ALW
GOES ON ?US 9 A CYCLE1 = T IS M
SATISFACTORY ?AN 6SUPPOSE A *ANGE 9 !
:OLE _W 9 ORD] 6EXPLA9 ^! FACTS4 ,B WE H
DWELT L;G] ON ? PO9T ?AN X DES]VES4
  ,6RETURN 6! SALT;S (! SEA3 ^? :O CR1TE
! SEA ONCE = ALL1 OR 9DE$ G5]ATE X AT
ALL1 _C A3.T = XS SALT;S4 ,X MAKES NO
DI6];E :E!R ! SEA IS ! RESIDUE ( ALL !
MOI/URE T IS AB ! E>? & HAS BE5 DRAWN UP
0! SUN1 OR :E!R ALL ! FLAV\R EXI/+ 9 !
:OLE MASS ( SWEET WAT] IS DUE 6!
ADMIXTURE (A C]TA9 K9D ( E>?4 ,S9CE !
TOTAL VOLUME (! SEA IS ! SAME ONCE !
WAT] T EVAPORAT$ HAS RETURN$1 X FOLL[S T
X M/ EI H BE5 SALT AT F/ TOO1 OR1 IF N
AT F/1 !N N N[ EI4 ,IF X 0 SALT F ! V
2G9N+1 !N WE WANT 6"K :Y T 0 S2 & :Y1 IF
SALT WAT] 0 DRAWN UP !N1 T IS N ! CASE
N[4
  ,AG1 IF X IS MA9TA9$ T AN ADMIXTURE (
E>? MAKES ! SEA SALT 7= !Y SAY T E>? HAS
_M FLAV\RS & IS WA%$ D[N 0! RIV]S & S
MAKES ! SEA SALT 0XS ADMIXTURE71 X IS
/RANGE T RIV]S %D N 2 SALT TOO4 ,H[ C !
ADMIXTURE ( ? E>? H S* A /RIK+ E6ECT 9 A
GRT QUANT;Y ( WAT] & N 9 EA* RIV] S+LY8
,=! SEA1 DI6]+ 9 NO?+ F RIV]S B 9 2+
SALT1 IS EVID5TLY SIMPLY ! TOTAL;Y (
RIV] WAT]1 &! RIV]S >E ! VEHICLE 9 : T
E>? IS C>RI$ 6_! -MON DE/9,N4
  ,X IS EQU,Y ABSURD 6SUPPOSE T ANY?+
HAS BE5 EXPLA9$ 0CALL+ ! SEA ,8! SW1T (!
E>?0'1 L ,EMP$ICLES4 ,METAPHORS >E
POETICAL & S T EXPRES.N ( 8 MAY SATISFY
! REQUIRE;TS (A POEM1 B Z A SCI5TIFIC
!ORY X IS UNSATISFACTORY4 ,EV5 9 ! CASE
(! BODY X IS A "Q H[ ! SWEET LIQUID
DRUNK 2COMES SALT SW1T :E!R X IS M]ELY
0! DE"PURE ( "S ELE;T 9 X : IS SWEETE/1
OR 0! ADMIXTURE ( "S?+1 Z :5 WAT] IS
/RA9$ "? A%ES4 ,ACTU,Y ! SALT;S SEEMS
6BE DUE 6! SAME CAUSE Z 9 ! CASE (!
RESIDUAL LIQUID T GA!RS 9 ! BLA4]4 ,T1
TOO1 2COMES BITT] & SALT ?\< ! LIQUID WE
DR9K & T 3TA9$ 9 \R FOOD IS SWEET4 ,IF
!N ! BITT];S IS DUE 9 ^! CASES 7Z )!
WAT] /RA9$ "? LYE7 6! PRES;E (A C]TA9
SORT ( /UFF T IS C>RI$ AL;G 0! UR9E 7Z
9DE$ WE ACTU,Y F9D A SALT DEPOSIT SETTL+
9 *AMB]-POTS7 & IS SECRET$ F ! FLE% 9
SW1T 7Z IF ! DE"P+ MOI/URE 7 WA%+ ! /UFF
\ (! BODY71 !N NO D\BT ! ADMIXTURE (
"S?+ E>?Y )! WAT] IS :AT MAKES ! SEA
SALT4
  ,N[ 9 ! BODY /UFF ( ? K9D1 VIZ4 !
S$I;T ( FOOD1 IS DUE 6FAILURE 6DIGE/3 B
H[ "! CAME 6BE ANY S* ?+ 9 ! E>?
REQUIRES EXPLAN,N4 ,2SS1 H[ C ! DRY+ &
W>M+ (! E>? CAUSE ! SECRE;N S* A GRT
QUANT;Y ( WAT]2 ESPECI,Y Z T M/ 2 A M]E
FRAG;T ( :AT IS LEFT 9 ! E>?8 ,AG1 WAIV+
! "Q ( QUANT;Y1 :Y DOES N ! E>? SW1T N[
:5 X HAPP5S 6BE 9 PROCESS ( DRY+8 ,IF X
DID S !N1 X "\ 6D S N[4 ,B X DOES N3 ON
! 3TR>Y1 :5 X IS DRY X GRAWS MOI/1 B :5
X IS MOI/ X DOES N SECRETE ANY?+ AT ALL4
,H[ !N 0 X POSSI# =! E>? AT ! 2G9N+ :5 X
0 MOI/ 6SW1T Z X GREW DRY8 ,9DE$1 ! !ORY
T MA9TA9S T MO/ (! MOI/URE DE"P$ & 0
DRAWN UP 0! SUN & T :AT 0 LEFT OV] IS !
SEA IS M R1SONA#2 B =! E>? 6SW1T :5 X IS
MOI/ IS IMPOSSI#4
  ,S9CE ALL ! ATTEMPTS 6A3.T =! SALT;S (
! SEA SEEM UNSU3ESS;L LET U EXPLA9 X 0!
HELP (! PR9CIPLE WE H US$ ALR4
  ,S9CE WE RECOGNIZE TWO K9DS (
EVAPOR,N1 "O MOI/1 ! O!R DRY1 X IS CLE>
T ! LATT] M/ 2 RECOGNIZ$ Z ! S\RCE (
PH5OM5A L ^? WE >E 3C]N$ )4
  ,B "! IS A "Q : WE M/ 4CUSS F/4 ,DOES
! SEA ALW REMA9 NUM]IC,Y "O & 3SI/+ (!
SAME "PS1 OR IS X1 TOO1 "O 9 =M & VOLUME
:ILE XS "PS >E 9 3T9UAL *ANGE1 L AIR &
SWEET WAT] & FIRE8 ,ALL ( ^! >E 9 A
3/ANT /ATE ( *ANGE1 B ! =M &! QUANT;Y (
EA* ( !M >E FIX$1 J Z !Y >E 9 ! CASE (A
FL[+ RIV] OR A BURN+ FLAME4 ,! ANSW] IS
CLE>1 & "! IS NO D\BT T ! SAME A3.T
HOLDS GD ( ALL ^! ?+S ALIKE4 ,!Y DI6] 9
T "S ( !M *ANGE M RAPIDLY OR M SL[LY ?AN
O!RS2 & !Y ALL >E 9VOLV$ 9 A PROCESS (
P]I%+ & 2COM+ : YET A6ECTS !M ALL 9 A
REGUL> C\RSE4
  ,? 2+ S WE M/ G ON 6TRY 6EXPLA9 :Y !
SEA IS SALT4 ,"! >E _M FACTS : MAKE X
CLE> T ? TA/E IS DUE 6! ADMIXTURE (
"S?+4 ,F/1 9 ANIMAL BODIES :AT IS L1/
DIGE/$1 ! RESIDUE ( LIQUID FOOD1 IS SALT
& BITT]1 Z WE SD 2F4 ,ALL ANIMAL EXCRETA
>E UNDIGE/$1 B ESPECI,Y T : GA!RS 9 !
BLA4] 7XS EXTREME LI<T;S PROVES ?2 =
"EY?+ T IS DIGE/$ IS 3D5S$71 & AL SW1T2
9 ^! !N IS EXCRET$ 7AL;G ) O!R MATT]7 AN
ID5TICAL SUB/.E 6: ? FLAV\R IS DUE4 ,!
CASE ( ?+S BURNT IS ANALOG\S4 ,:AT H1T
FAILS 6ASSIMILATE 2COMES ! EXCRE;T>Y
RESIDUE 9 ANIMAL BODIES1 &1 9 ?+S BURNT1
A%ES4 ,T IS :Y "S P SAY T X 0 BURNT E>?
T MADE ! SEA SALT4 ,6SAY T X 0 BURNT E>?
IS ABSURD2 B 6SAY T X 0 "S?+ L BURNT E>?
IS TRUE4 ,WE M/ SUPPOSE T J Z 9 ! CASES
WE H DESCRIB$1 S 9 ! _W Z A :OLE1 "EY?+
T GR[S & IS NATUR,Y G5]AT$ ALW L1VES AN
UNDIGE/$ RESIDUE1 L T ( ?+S BURNT1 3SI/+
( ? SORT ( E>?4 ,ALL ! E>?Y /UFF 9 ! DRY
EXHAL,N IS ( ? NATURE1 & X IS ! DRY
EXHAL,N : A3.TS = XS GRT QUANT;Y4 ,N[
S9CE1 Z WE H SD1 ! MOI/ &! DRY EVAPOR,NS
>E MIX$1 "S QUANT;Y ( ? /UFF M/ ALW 2
9CLUD$ 9 ! CL\DS &! WAT] T >E =M$
03D5S,N1 & M/ REDESC5D 6! E>? 9 RA94 ,?
PROCESS M/ ALW G ON ) S* REGUL>;Y Z !
SUBLUN>Y _W ADMITS (4 & X IS ! ANSW] 6!
"Q H[ ! SEA -ES 6BE SALT4
  ,X AL EXPLA9S :Y RA9 T -ES F ! S\?1 &!
F/ RA9S ( AUTUMN1 >E BRACKI%4 ,! S\? IS
! W>ME/ ( W9DS & X BL[S F DRY & HOT
REGIONS4 ,H;E X C>RIES LL MOI/ VAP\R & T
IS :Y X IS HOT4 7,X MAKES NO DI6];E EV5
IF ? IS N XS TRUE "* & X IS ORIG9,Y A
COLD W9D1 = X 2COMES W>M ON XS WAY
09CORPORAT+ ) XF A GRT QUANT;Y ( DRY
EVAPOR,N F ! PLACES X PASSES OV]47 ,!
NOR? W9D1 ON ! O!R H&1 -B 9G F MOI/
REGIONS1 IS FULL ( VAP\R & "!=E COLD4 ,X
IS DRY 9 \R "P (! _W 2C X DRIVES ! CL\DS
AWAY 2F X1 B 9 ! S\? X IS RA9Y2 J Z !
S\? IS A DRY W9D 9 ,LIBYA4 ,S ! S\? W9D
*>GES ! RA9 T FALLS )A GRT QUANT;Y ( ?
/UFF4 ,AUTUMN RA9 IS BRACKI% 2C ! H1VIE/
WAT] M/ FALL F/2 S T T : 3TA9S ! GRTE/
QUANT;Y ( ? K9D ( E>? DESC5DS QKE/4
  ,?1 TOO1 IS :Y ! SEA IS W>M4 ,"EY?+ T
HAS BE5 EXPOS$ 6FIRE 3TA9S H1T POT5TI,Y1
Z WE SEE 9 ! CASE ( LYE & A%ES &! DRY &
LIQUID EXCRETA ( ANIMALS4 ,9DE$ ^?
ANIMALS : >E HOTTE/ 9 ! BELLY H ! HOTTE/
EXCRETA4
  ,! AC;N ( ? CAUSE IS 3T9U,Y MAK+ ! SEA
M SALT1 B "S "P ( XS SALT;S IS ALW 2+
DRAWN UP )! SWEET WAT]4 ,? IS LESS ?AN !
SWEET WAT] 9 ! SAME RATIO 9 : ! SALT &
BRACKI% ELE;T 9 RA9 IS LESS ?AN ! SWEET1
& S ! SALT;S (! SEA REMA9S 3/ANT ON !
:OLE4 ,SALT WAT] :5 X TURNS 96VAP\R
2COMES SWEET1 &! VAP\R DOES N =M SALT
WAT] :5 X 3D5SES AG4 ,? ,I "K 0EXP]I;T4
,! SAME ?+ IS TRUE 9 E CASE (! K9D3 W9E
& ALL FLUIDS T EVAPORATE & 3D5SE BACK
96A LIQUID /ATE 2COME WAT]4 ,!Y ALL >E
WAT] MODIFI$ 0A C]TA9 ADMIXTURE1 !
NATURE ( : DET]M9ES _! FLAV\R4 ,B ?
SUBJECT M/ 2 3SID]$ ON ANO!R M SUITA#
O3A.N4
  ,=! PRES5T LET U SAY ?4 ,! SEA IS "! &
"S ( X IS 3T9U,Y 2+ DRAWN UP & 2COM+
SWEET2 ? RETURNS F ABV )! RA94 ,B X IS
N[ DI6]5T F :AT X 0 :5 X 0 DRAWN UP1 &
XS WEI<T MAKES X S9K 2L ! SWEET WAT]4 ,?
PROCESS PREV5TS ! SEA1 Z X DOES RIV]S1 F
DRY+ UP EXCEPT F LOCAL CAUSES 7? M/
HAPP5 6SEA & RIV]S ALIKE74 ,ON ! O!R H&
! "PS NEI (! E>? NOR (! SEA REMA9 3/ANT
B ONLY _! :OLE BULK4 ,=! SAME ?+ IS TRUE
(! E>? Z (! SEA3 "S ( X IS C>RI$ UP & "S
-ES D[N )! RA91 & BO? T : REMA9S ON !
SURFACE & T : -ES D[N AG *ANGE _!
SITU,NS4
  ,"! IS M EVID;E 6PROVE T SALT;S IS DUE
6! ADMIXTURE ( "S SUB/.E1 2SS T : WE H
A4UC$4 ,MAKE A VESSEL ( WAX & PUT X 9 !
SEA1 FA/5+ XS M\? 9 S* A WAY Z 6PREV5T
ANY WAT] GETT+ IN4 ,!N ! WAT] T
P]COLATES "? ! WAX SIDES (! VESSEL IS
SWEET1 ! E>?Y /UFF1 ! ADMIXTURE ( :
MAKES ! WAT] SALT1 2+ SEP>AT$ (F Z X 7
0A FILT]4 ,X IS ? /UFF : MAKE SALT WAT]
H1VY 7X WEI<S M ?AN FRE% WAT]7 & ?ICK4
,! DI6];E 9 3SI/5CY IS S* T %IPS )! SAME
C>GO V NE>LY S9K 9 A RIV] :5 !Y >E Q FIT
6NAVIGATE 9 ! SEA4 ,? CIRCUM/.E HAS 2F
N[ CAUS$ LOSS 6%IPP]S FREI<T+ _! %IPS 9
A RIV]4 ,T ! ?ICK] 3SI/5CY IS DUE 6AN
ADMIXTURE ( "S?+ IS PROV$ 0! FACT T IF Y
MAKE /R;G BR9E 0! ADMIXTURE ( SALT1 E7S1
EV5 :5 !Y >E FULL1 FLOAT 9 X4 ,X ALM
2COMES L MUD2 S* A QUANT;Y ( E>?Y MATT]
IS "! 9 ! SEA4 ,! SAME ?+ IS D"O 9 SALT+
FI%4
  ,AG IF1 Z IS FA#D1 "! IS A LAKE 9
,PALE/9E1 S* T IF Y B9D A MAN OR B1/ &
?R[ X 9 X FLOATS & DOES N S9K1 ? WD BE>
\ :AT WE H SD4 ,!Y SAY T ? LAKE IS S
BITT] & SALT T NO FI% LIVE 9 X & T IF Y
SOAK CLO!S 9 X & %AKE !M X CL1NS !M4 ,!
FOLL[+ FACTS ALL ( !M SUPPORT \R !ORY T
X IS "S E>?Y /UFF 9 ! WAT] : MAKES X
SALT4 ,9 ,*AONIA "! IS A SPR+ ( BRACKI%
WAT] T FL[S 96A NEI<B\R+ RIV] : IS SWEET
B 3TA9S NO FI%4 ,! LOCAL /ORY IS T :5
,H]ACLES CAME F ,]Y!IA DRIV+ ! OX5 &
GAVE ! 9HABITANTS ! *OICE1 !Y *OSE SALT
9 PREF];E 6FI%4 ,!Y GET ! SALT F ! SPR+4
,!Y BOIL (F "S (! WAT] & LET ! RE/ /&2
:5 X HAS COOL$ &! H1T & MOI/URE H
EVAPORAT$ TGR X GIVES !M SALT1 N 9 LUMPS
B LOOSE & LI<T L SN[4 ,X IS W1K] ?AN
ORD9>Y SALT & A4$ FREELY GIVES A SWEET
TA/E1 & X IS N Z :ITE Z SALT G5],Y IS4
,ANO!R 9/.E ( ? IS F.D 9 ,UMBRIA4 ,"! IS
A PLACE "! ": RE$S & RU%ES GR[4 ,!Y BURN
"S ( ^!1 PUT ! A%ES 96WAT] & BOIL X (F4
,:5 A LL WAT] IS LEFT & HAS COOL$ X
GIVES A QUANT;Y ( SALT4
  ,MO/ SALT RIV]S & SPR+S M/ ONCE H BE5
HOT4 ,!N ! ORIG9AL FIRE 9 !M 0 EXT+UI%$
B ! E>? "? : !Y P]COLATE PRES]VES ! "* (
LYE OR A%ES4 ,SPR+S & RIV]S ) ALL K9DS (
FLAV\RS >E F.D 9 _M PLACES4 ,^! FLAV\RS
M/ 9 E CASE 2 DUE 6! FIRE T IS OR 0 9
!M1 = IF Y EXPOSE E>? 6DI6]5T DEGREES (
H1T X ASSUMES V>I\S K9DS & %ADES (
FLAV\R4 ,X 2COMES FULL ( ALUM & LYE &
O!R ?+S (! K9D1 &! FRE% WAT] P]COLATES
"? ^! & *ANGES XS "*4 ,"S"TS X 2COMES
ACID Z 9 ,SICANIA1 A "P ( ,SICILY4 ,"!
!Y GET A SALT & ACID WAT] : !Y USE Z
V9EG> 6S1SON "S ( _! DI%ES4 ,9 !
NEI<B\RHOOD ( ,LYNCUS1 TOO1 "! IS A SPR+
( ACID WAT]1 & 9 ,SCY?IA A BITT] SPR+4
,! WAT] F ? MAKES ! :OLE (! RIV] 96: X
FL[S BITT]4 ,^! DI6];ES >E EXPLA9$ 0A K
(! "PICUL> MIXTURES T DET]M9E DI6]5T
SAV\RS4 ,B ^! H BE5 EXPLA9$ 9 ANO!R
TR1TISE4
  ,WE H N[ GIV5 AN A3.T ( WAT]S &! SEA1
:Y !Y P]SI/1 H[ !Y *ANGE1 :AT _! NATURE
IS1 & H EXPLA9$ MO/ ( _! NATURAL OP],NS
& A6EC;NS4
                   #D
  ,LET U PROCE$ 6! !ORY ( W9DS4 ,XS
BASIS IS A 4T9C;N WE H ALR MADE4 ,WE
RECOGNIZE TWO K9DS ( EVAPOR,N1 "O MOI/1
! O!R DRY4 ,! =M] IS CALL$ VAP\R3 =! O!R
"! IS NO G5]AL "N B WE M/ CALL X A SORT
( SMOKE1 APPLY+ 6! :OLE ( X A ^W T IS
PROP] 6"O ( XS =MS4 ,! MOI/ _C EXI/ )\T
! DRY NOR ! DRY )\T ! MOI/3 :5"E WE SP1K
( EI WE M1N T X PREDOM9ATES4 ,N[ :5 !
SUN 9 XS CIRCUL> C\RSE APPROA*ES1 X
DRAWS UP 0XS H1T ! MOI/ EVAPOR,N3 :5 X
REC$ES ! COLD MAKES ! VAP\R T _H BE5
RAIS$ 3D5SE BACK 96WAT] : FALLS & IS
4TRIBUT$ "? ! E>?4 7,? EXPLA9S :Y "! IS
M RA9 9 W9T] & M 0NI<T ?AN 0"D3 ?\< !
FACT IS N RECOGNIZ$ 2C RA9 0NI<T IS M
APT 6ESCAPE OBS]V,N ?AN 0"D47 ,B "! IS A
GRT QUANT;Y ( FIRE & H1T 9 ! E>?1 &! SUN
N ONLY DRAWS UP ! MOI/URE T LIES ON !
SURFACE ( X1 B W>MS & DRIES ! E>? XF4
,3SEQU5TLY1 S9CE "! >E TWO K9DS (
EVAPOR,N1 Z WE H SD1 "O L VAP\R1 ! O!R L
SMOKE1 BO? ( !M >E NECESS>ILY G5]AT$4 ,T
9 : MOI/URE PREDOM9ATES IS ! S\RCE (
RA91 Z WE EXPLA9$ 2F1 :ILE ! DRY
EVAPOR,N IS ! S\RCE & SUB/.E ( ALL W9DS4
,T ?+S M/ NECESS>ILY TAKE ? C\RSE IS
CLE> F ! RESULT+ PH5OM5A !MVS1 =!
EVAPOR,N T IS 6PRODUCE !M M/ NECESS>ILY
DI6]2 &! SUN &! W>M? 9 ! E>? N ONLY C B
M/ PRODUCE ^! EVAPOR,NS4
  ,S9CE ! TWO EVAPOR,NS >E SPECIFIC,Y
4T9CT1 W9D & RA9 OBVI\SLY DI6] & _!
SUB/.E IS N ! SAME1 Z ^? SAY :O MA9TA9 T
"O &! SAME AIR :5 9 MO;N IS W9D1 B :5 X
3D5SES AG IS WAT]4 ,AIR1 Z WE H EXPLA9$
9 AN E>LI] BOOK1 IS MADE UP ( ^! Z
3/ITU5TS4 ,VAP\R IS MOI/ & COLD 7= XS
FLUID;Y IS DUE 6XS MOI/;S1 & 2C X
DERIVES F WAT] X IS NATUR,Y COLD1 L WAT]
T HAS N BE5 W>M$73 ":AS ! SMOKY EVAPOR,N
IS HOT & DRY4 ,H;E EA* 3TRIBUTES A "P1 &
AIR IS MOI/ & HOT4 ,X IS ABSURD T ? AIR
T SURR.DS U %D 2COME W9D :5 9 MO;N1
:AT"E 2 ! S\RCE ( XS MO;N ON ! 3TR>Y !
CASE ( W9DS IS L T ( RIV]S4 ,WE D N CALL
WAT] T FL[S ANYH[ A RIV]1 EV5 IF "! IS A
GRT QUANT;Y ( X1 B ONLY IF ! FL[ -ES F A
SPR+4 ,S TOO )! W9DS2 A GRT QUANT;Y (
AIR MI<T 2 MOV$ 0! FALL ( "S L>GE OBJECT
)\T FL[+ F ANY S\RCE OR SPR+4
  ,! FACTS BE> \ \R !ORY4 ,X IS 2C !
EVAPOR,N TAKES PLACE UN9T]RUPT$LY B
DI6]S 9 DEGREE & QUANT;Y T CL\DS & W9DS
APPE> 9 _! NATURAL PROPOR;N AC 6! S1SON2
& X IS 2C "! IS N[ A GRT EXCESS (!
VAPOR\S1 N[ (! DRY & SMOKY EXHAL,N1 T "S
YE>S >E RA9Y & WET1 O!RS W9DY & DRY4
,"S"TS "! IS M* DR"\ OR RA91 & X
PREVAILS OV] A GRT & 3T9U\S /RET* (
C.TRY4 ,AT O!R "TS X IS LOCAL2 ! SURR.D+
C.TRY (T5 GETT+ S1SONA# OR EV5 EXCESSIVE
RA9S :ILE "! IS DR"\ 9 A C]TA9 "P2 OR1
3TR>IWISE1 ALL ! SURR.D+ C.TRY GETS LL
OR EV5 NO RA9 :ILE A C]TA9 "P GETS RA9 9
ABUND.E4 ,! R1SON = ALL ? IS T :ILE !
SAME A6EC;N IS G5],Y APT 6PREVAIL OV] A
3SID]A# 4TRICT 2C ADJAC5T PLACES 7UN.S
"! IS "S?+ SPECIAL 6DI6]5TIATE !M7 /& 9
! SAME REL,N 6! SUN1 YET ON O3A.N ! DRY
EVAPOR,N W PREVAIL 9 "O "P &! MOI/ 9
ANO!R1 OR 3V]SELY4 ,AG ! R1SON = ? LATT]
IS T EA* EVAPOR,N GOES OV] 6T (!
NEI<B\R+ 4TRICT3 = 9/.E1 ! DRY EVAPOR,N
CIRCULATES 9 XS [N PLACE :ILE ! MOI/
MIGRATES 6! NEXT 4TRICT OR IS EV5 DRIV5
0W9DS 6"S 4TANT PLACE3 OR ELSE ! MOI/
EVAPOR,N REMA9S &! DRY MOVES AWAY4 ,J Z
9 ! CASE (! BODY :5 ! /OMA* IS DRY ! L[]
BELLY IS (T5 9 ! 3TR>Y /ATE1 & :5 X IS
DRY ! /OMA* IS MOI/ & COLD1 S X (T5
HAPP5S T ! EVAPOR,NS RECIPROC,Y TAKE "O
ANO!R'S PLACE & 9T]*ANGE4
  ,FUR!R1 AF RA9 W9D G5],Y RISES 9 ^?
PLACES ": ! RA9 FELL1 & :5 RA9 HAS -E ON
! W9D C1SES4 ,^! >E NEC E6ECTS (!
PR9CIPLES WE H EXPLA9$4 ,AF RA9 ! E>? IS
2+ DRI$ 0XS [N H1T & T F ABV & GIVES (F
! EVAPOR,N : WE SAW 6BE ! MAT]IAL CAUSE
(4 W9D4 ,AG1 SUPPOSE ? SECRE;N IS PRES5T
& W9D PREVAILS2 ! H1T IS 3T9U,Y 2+ ?R[N
(F1 RIS+ 6! UPP] REGION1 & S ! W9D
C1SES2 !N ! FALL 9 TEMP]ATURE MAKES
VAP\R =M & 3D5SE 96WAT]4 ,WAT] AL =MS &
COOLS ! DRY EVAPOR,N :5 ! CL\DS >E DRIV5
TGR &! COLD 3C5TRAT$ 9 !M4 ,^! >E !
CAUSES T MAKE W9D C1SE ON ! ADV5T ( RA91
& RA9 FALL ON ! CESS,N ( W9D4
  ,! CAUSE (! PREDOM9.E ( W9DS F ! NOR?
& F ! S\? IS ! SAME4 7,MO/ W9DS1 Z A
MATT] ( FACT1 >E NOR? W9DS OR S\? W9DS47
,^! >E ! ONLY REGIONS : ! SUN DOES N
VISIT3 X APPROA*ES !M & REC$ES F !M1 B
XS C\RSE IS ALW OV] !-WE/ &! EA/4 ,H;E
CL\DS COLLECT ON EI SIDE1 & :5 ! SUN
APPROA*ES X PROVOKES ! MOI/ EVAPOR,N1 &
:5 X REC$ES 6! OPPOSITE SIDE "! >E /ORMS
& RA94 ,S SUMM] & W9T] >E DUE 6! SUN'S
MO;N 6& F ! SOL/ICES1 & WAT] ASC5DS &
FALLS AG =! SAME R1SON4 ,N[ S9CE MO/ RA9
FALLS 9 ^? REGIONS T[>DS : & F : ! SUN
TURNS & ^! >E ! NOR? &! S\?1 & S9CE MO/
EVAPOR,N M/ TAKE PLACE ": "! IS ! GRTE/
RA9FALL1 J Z GRE5 WOOD GIVES MO/ SMOKE1
& S9CE ? EVAPOR,N IS W9D1 X IS NATURAL T
! MO/ & MO/ IMPORTANT W9DS %D -E F ^!
QU>T]S4 7,! W9DS F ! NOR? >E CALL$
,BOR1E1 ^? F ! S\? ,NOTI47
  ,! C\RSE ( W9DS IS OBLIQUE3 = ?\< !
EVAPOR,N RISES /RAI<T UP F ! E>?1 !Y BL[
R.D X 2C ALL ! SURR.D+ AIR FOLL[S ! MO;N
(! H1V5S4 ,H;E ! "Q MI<T 2 ASK$ :E!R
W9DS ORIG9ATE F ABV OR F 2L4 ,! MO;N -ES
F ABV3 2F WE FEEL ! W9D BL[+ ! AIR
2TRAYS XS PRES;E IF "! >E CL\DS OR A
MI/1 = _! MO;N %[S T ! W9D HAS 2GUN 6BL[
2F X HAS ACTU,Y R1*$ U2 & ? IMPLIES T !
S\RCE ( W9DS IS ABV4 ,B S9CE W9D IS
DEF9$ Z 'A QUANT;Y ( DRY EVAPOR,N F !
E>? MOV+ R.D ! E>?0'1 X IS CLE> T :ILE !
ORIG9 (! MO;N IS F ABV1 ! MATT] &! G5],N
( W9D -E F 2L4 ,! OBLIQUE MOVE;T (! RIS+
EVAPOR,N IS CAUS$ F ABV3 =! MO;N (!
H1V5S DET]M9ES ! PROCESSES T >E AT A
4T.E F ! E>?1 &! MO;N F 2L IS V]TICAL &
E CAUSE IS M ACTIVE ": X IS NE>E/ 6!
E6ECT2 B 9 XS G5],N & ORIG9 W9D PLA9LY
DERIVES F ! E>?4
  ,! FACTS BE> \ ! VIEW T W9DS >E =M$ 0!
GRADUAL UNION ( _M EVAPOR,NS J Z RIV]S
DERIVE _! S\RCES F ! WAT] T OOZES F !
E>?4 ,E W9D IS W1KE/ 9 ! SPOT F : X
BL[S2 Z !Y PROCE$ & L1VE _! S\RCE AT A
4T.E !Y GA!R /R5G?4 ,?US ! W9T] 9 ! NOR?
IS W9D.S & CALM3 T IS1 9 ! NOR? XF2 B1 !
BREEZE T BL[S F "! S G5TLY Z 6ESCAPE
OBS]V,N 2COMES A GRT W9D Z X PASSES ON4
  ,WE H EXPLA9$ ! NATURE & ORIG9 ( W9D1
! O3URR;E ( DR"\ & RA9S1 ! R1SON :Y RA9
/OPS W9D & W9D RISES AF RA91 ! PREVAL;E
( NOR? & S\? W9DS & AL :Y W9D MOVES 9 !
WAY X DOES4
                   #E
  ,! SUN BO? *ECKS ! =M,N ( W9DS &
/IMULATES X4 ,:5 ! EVAPOR,N IS SMALL 9
AM.T & FA9T ! SUN WA/ES X & 4SIPATES 0XS
GRT] H1T ! LESS] H1T 3TA9$ 9 ! EVAPOR,N4
,X AL DRIES UP ! E>?1 ! S\RCE (!
EVAPOR,N1 2F ! LATT] HAS APPE>$ 9 BULK3
J Z1 :5 Y ?R[ A LL FUEL 96A GRT FIRE1 X
IS (T5 BURNT UP 2F GIV+ (F ANY SMOKE4 ,9
^! WAYS ! SUN *ECKS W9DS & PREV5TS !M F
RIS+ AT ALL3 X *ECKS !M 0WA/+ !
EVAPOR,N1 & PREV5TS _! RIS+ 0DRY+ UP !
E>? QKLY4 ,H;E CALM IS V APT 6PREVAIL AB
! RIS+ ( ,ORION & LA/S UNTIL ! -+ (!
,ETESIAE & _! ,8=ERUNN]S0'4
  ,CALM IS DUE 6TWO CAUSES4 ,EI COLD
QU5*ES ! EVAPOR,N1 = 9/.E A %>P FRO/3 OR
EXCESSIVE H1T WA/ES X4 ,9 ! 9T]M$IATE
P]IODS1 TOO1 ! CAUSES >E G5],Y EI T !
EVAPOR,N HAS N _H "T 6DEVELOP OR T X HAS
PASS$ AWAY & "! IS N"O Z YET 6REPLACE X4
  ,BO? ! SETT+ &! RIS+ ( ,ORION >E
3SID]$ 6BE TR1*]\S & /ORMY1 2C !Y PLACE
AT A *ANGE ( S1SON 7"NLY ( SUMM] OR
W9T]2 & 2C ! SIZE (! 3/ELL,N MAKES XS
RISE LA/ OV] _M "DS7 &A /ATE ( *ANGE IS
ALW 9DEF9ITE & "!=E LIA# 64TURB.E4
  ,! ,ETESIAE BL[ AF ! SUMM] SOL/ICE &!
RIS+ (! DOG-/>3 N AT ! "T :5 ! SUN IS
CLOSE/ NOR :5 X IS 4TANT2 & !Y BL[ 0"D &
C1SE AT NI<T4 ,! R1SON IS T :5 ! SUN IS
NE> X DRIES UP ! E>? 2F EVAPOR,N HAS
TAK5 PLACE1 B :5 X HAS REC$$ A LL XS H1T
&! EVAPOR,N >E PRES5T 9 ! "R PROPOR;N2 S
! ICE MELTS &! E>?1 DRI$ 0XS [N H1T & T
(! SUN1 SMOKES & VAP\RS4 ,!Y ABATE AT
NI<T 2C ! COLD PF ! NI<TS *ECKS ! MELT+
(! ICE4 ,:AT IS FROZ5 GIVES (F NO
EVAPOR,N1 NOR DOES T : 3TA9S NO DRY;S AT
ALL3 X IS ONLY ": "S?+ DRY 3TA9S MOI/URE
T X GIVES (F EVAPOR,N "U ! 9FLU;E ( H1T4
  ,! "Q IS "S"TS ASK$3 :Y D ! NOR? W9DS
: WE CALL ! ,ETESIAE BL[ 3T9U\SLY AF !
SUMM] SOL/ICE1 :5 "! >E NO CORRESPOND+
S\? W9DS AF ! W9T] SOL/ICE8 ,! FACTS >E
R1SONA# 5\<3 =! S-CALL$ ,8:ITE S\?
W9DS0' D BL[ AT ! CORRESPOND+ S1SON1 ?\<
!Y >E N EQU,Y 3T9U\S & S ESCAPE OBS]V,N
& GIVE RISE 6? 9QUIRY4 ,! R1SON = ? IS T
! NOR? W9D ,I F ! >CTIC REGIONS : >E
FULL ( WAT] & SN[4 ,! SUN ?AWS !M & S !
,ETESIAE BL[3 AF R ?AN AT ! SUMM]
SOL/ICE4 7,=! GRTE/ H1T IS DEVELOP$ N :5
! SUN IS NE>E/ 6! NOR?1 B :5 XS H1T HAS
BE5 FELT =A 3SID]A# P]IOD & X HAS N YET
REC$$ F>4 ,! ,8BIRD W9DS0' BL[ 9 ! SAME
WAY AF ! W9T] SOL/ICE4 ,!Y1 TOO1 >E W1K
,ETESIAE1 B !Y BL[ LESS & LAT] ?AN !
,ETESIAE4 ,!Y 2G9 6BL[ ONLY ON !
SEV5TIE? "D 2C ! SUN IS 4TANT & "!=E
W1K]4 ,!Y D N BL[ S 3T9U\SLY 2C ONLY ?+S
ON ! SURFACE (! E>? & (F]+ LL RESI/.E
EVAPORATE !N1 ! ?OR\<LY FROZ5 "PS
REQUIR+ GRT] H1T 6MELT !M4 ,S !Y BL[
9T]MITT5TLY TILL ! TRUE ,ETESIAE -E ON
AG AT ! SUMM] SOL/ICE3 = F T "T ONW>DS !
W9D T5DS 6BL[ 3T9U\SLY47 ,B ! S\? W9D
BL[S F ! TROPIC ( ,C.ER & N F ! ANT>CTIC
REGION4
  ,"! >E TWO 9HABITA# SEC;NS (! E>?3 "O
NE> \R UPP]1 OR NO!RN POLE1 ! O!R NE> !
O!R OR S\!RN POLE2 & _! %APE IS L T (A
TAMB\R9E4 ,IF Y DRAW L9ES F ! C5TRE (!
E>? !Y CUT \ A DRUM-%AP$ FIGURE4 ,! L9ES
=M TWO C"OS2 ! BASE (! "O IS ! TROPIC1 (
! O!R ! "E VISI# CIRCLE1 _! V]TEX IS AT
! C5TRE (! E>?4 ,TWO O!R C"OS T[>DS !
S\? POLE GIVE CORRESPOND+ SEG;TS (! E>?4
,^! SEC;NS AL"O >E HABITA#4 ,2Y !
TROPICS NO "O C LIVE3 = "! ! %ADE WD N
FALL 6! NOR?1 ":AS ! E>? IS "KN 6BE
UN9HABITA# 2F ! SUN IS 9 ! Z5I? OR !
%ADE IS ?R[N 6! S\?3 &! REGIONS 2L !
,BE> >E UN9HABITA# 2C (! COLD4
  7,! ,CR[N1 TOO1 MOVES OV] ? REGION3 =
X IS 9 ! Z5I? :5 X IS ON \R M]IDIAN47
  ,S WE SEE T ! WAY 9 : !Y N[ DESCRIBE !
GEOGRAPHY (! E>? IS RIDICUL\S4 ,!Y
DEPICT ! 9HABIT$ E>? Z R.D1 B BO?
ASC]TA9$ FACTS & G5]AL 3SID],NS %[ ? 6BE
IMPOSSI#4 ,IF WE REFLECT WE SEE T !
9HABIT$ REGION IS LIMIT$ 9 BR1D?1 :ILE !
CLIMATE ADMITS ( XS EXT5D+ ALL R.D !
E>?4 ,= WE MEET ) NO EXCESSIVE H1T OR
COLD 9 ! DIREC;N ( XS L5G? B ONLY 9 T (
XS BR1D?2 S T "! IS NO?+ 6PREV5T \R
TRAVELL+ R.D ! E>? UN.S ! EXT5T (! SEA
PRES5TS AN OB/ACLE ANY":4 ,! RECORDS (
J\RNEYS 0SEA & L& BE> ? \4 ,!Y MAKE !
L5G? F> GRT] ?AN ! BR1D?4 ,IF WE -PUTE
^! VOYAGES & J\RNEYS ! 4T.E F ! ,PILL>S
( ,H]ACLES 6,9DIA EXCE$S T F ,AE?IOPIA
6,MAEOTIS &! NOR!RNMO/ ,SCY?IANS 0A
RATIO ( M ?AN #E 6#C1 Z F> Z S* MATT]S
ADMIT ( A3URATE /ATE;T4 ,YET WE "K !
:OLE BR1D? (! REGION WE DWELL 9 UP 6!
UN9HABIT$ "PS3 9 "O DIREC;N NO "O LIVES
2C (! COLD1 9 ! O!R 2C (! H1T4
  ,B X IS ! SEA : DIVIDES Z X SEEMS !
"PS 2Y ,9DIA F ^? 2Y ! ,PILL>S (
,H]ACLES & PREV5TS ! E>? F 2+ 9HABIT$
ALL R.D4
  ,N[ S9CE "! M/ 2 A REGION BE>+ ! SAME
REL,N 6! S\!RN POLE Z ! PLACE WE LIVE 9
BE>S 6\R POLE1 X W CLE>LY CORRESPOND 9 !
ORD]+ ( XS W9DS Z WELL Z 9 O!R ?+S4 ,S J
Z WE H A NOR? W9D "H1 !Y M/ H A
CORRESPOND+ W9D F ! ANT>CTIC4 ,? W9D _C
R1* U S9CE \R [N NOR? W9D IS L A L&
BREEZE & DOES N EV5 R1* ! LIMITS (!
REGION WE LIVE IN4 ,! PREVAL;E ( NOR?
W9DS "H IS DUE 6\R LY+ NE> ! NOR?4 ,YET
EV5 "H !Y GIVE \ & FAIL 6P5ETRATE F>3 9
! S\!RN SEA 2Y ,LIBYA EA/ & WE/ W9DS >E
ALW BL[+ ALT]NATELY1 L NOR? & S\? W9DS )
U4 ,S X IS CLE> T ! S\? W9D IS N ! W9D T
BL[S F ! S\? POLE4 ,X IS NEI T NOR ! W9D
F ! W9T] TROPIC4 ,= SYMMETRY WD REQUIRE
ANO!R W9D BL[+ F ! SUMM] TROPIC1 : "! IS
N1 S9CE WE "K T ONLY "O W9D BL[S F T
QU>T]4 ,S ! S\? W9D CLE>LY BL[S F !
TORRID REGION4 ,N[ ! SUN IS S NE> 6T
REGION T X HAS NO WAT]1 OR SN[ : MI<T
MELT & CAUSE ,ETESIAE4 ,B 2C T PLACE IS
F> M EXT5SIVE & OP5 ! S\? W9D IS GRT] &
/R;G] & W>M] ?AN ! NOR? & P5ETRATES F>!R
6! NOR? ?AN ! NOR? W9D DOES 6! S\?4
  ,! ORIG9 ( ^! W9DS & _! REL,N 6"O
ANO!R HAS N[ BE5 EXPLA9$4
                   #F
  ,LET U N[ EXPLA9 ! POSI;N (! W9DS1 _!
OPPOSI;NS1 : C BL[ SIMULTANE\SLY ) :1 &
: _C1 _! "NS & NUMB]1 & ANY O!R ( _!
A6EC;NS T H N BE5 TR1T$ 9 ! ,8"PICUL>
"QS0'4 ,:AT WE SAY AB _! POSI;N M/ 2
FOLL[$ )! HELP (! FIGURE4 ,= CLE>;S0'
SAKE WE H DRAWN ! CIRCLE (! HORIZON1 :
IS R.D1 B X REPRES5TS ! Z"O 9 : WE LIVE2
= T C 2 DIVID$ 9 ! SAME WAY4 ,LET U AL
2G9 0LAY+ D[N T ^? ?+S >E LOC,Y 3TR>Y :
>E LOC,Y MO/ 4TANT F "O ANO!R1 J Z ?+S
SPECIFIC,Y MO/ REMOTE F "O ANO!R >E
SPECIFIC 3TR>IES4 ,N[ ?+S T FACE "O
ANO!R F OPPOSITE 5DS (A DIAMET] >E LOC,Y
MO/ 4TANT F "O ANO!R4 7,SEE DIAGRAM47
  ,LET ,A 2 ! PO9T ": ! SUN SETS AT !
EQUINOX & ;,B1 ! PO9T OPPOSITE1 ! PLACE
": X RISES AT ! EQUINOX4 ,LET "! 2 ANO!R
DIAMET] CUTT+ ? AT "R ANGLES1 & LET !
PO9T ;,H ON X 2 ! NOR? & XS DIAMETRICAL
OPPOSITE ,O ! S\?4 ,LET ;,Z 2 ! RIS+ (!
SUN AT ! SUMM] SOL/ICE & ;,E XS SETT+ AT
! SUMM] SOL/ICE2 ;,D XS RIS+ AT ! W9T]
SOL/ICE1 & ;,G XS SETT+ AT ! W9T]
SOL/ICE4 ,DRAW A DIAMET] F ;,Z TO ;,G F
;,D TO ;,E4 ,!N S9CE ^? ?+S >E LOC,Y
3TR>Y : >E MO/ 4TANT F "O ANO!R 9 SPACE1
& PO9TS DIAMETRIC,Y OPPOSITE >E MO/
4TANT F "O ANO!R1 ^? W9DS M/ NECESS>ILY
2 3TR>Y 6"O ANO!R T BL[ F OPPOSITE 5DS (
A DIAMET]4
  ,! "NS (! W9DS AC 6_! POSI;N >E ^!4
,ZEPHYRUS IS ! W9D T BL[S F ;,A1 ? 2+ !
PO9T ": ! SUN SETS AT ! EQUINOX4 ,XS
3TR>Y IS ,APELIOTES BL[+ F ;,B ! PO9T ":
! SUN RISES AT ! EQUINOX4 ,! W9D BL[+ F
;,H1 ! NOR?1 IS ! TRUE NOR? W9D1 CALL$
,AP>CTIAS3 :ILE ,NOTUS BL[+ F ,O IS XS
3TR>Y2 = ? PO9T IS ! S\? & ,O IS 3TR>Y
TO ;,H1 2+ DIAMETRIC,Y OPPOSITE 6X4
,CAECIAS BL[S F ;,Z1 ": ! SUN RISES AT !
SUMM] SOL/ICE4 ,XS 3TR>Y IS N ! W9D BL[+
F ;,E B ,LIPS BL[+ F ,G4 ,= ,LIPS BL[S F
! PO9T ": ! SUN SETS AT ! W9T] SOL/ICE &
IS DIAMETRIC,Y OPPOSITE 6,CAECIAS3 S X
IS XS 3TR>Y4 ,EURUS BL[S F ;,D1 -+ F !
PO9T ": ! SUN RISES AT ! W9T] SOL/ICE4
,X BORD]S ON ,NOTUS1 & S WE (T5 F9D T P
SP1K ( ,8,EURO-,NOTI0'4 ,XS 3TR>Y IS N
,LIPS BL[+ F ;,G B ! W9D T BL[S F ;,E :
"S CALL ,>GE/ES1 "S ,OLYMPIAS1 & "S
,SCIRON4 ,? BL[S F ! PO9T ": ! SUN SETS
AT ! SUMM] SOL/ICE1 & IS ! ONLY W9D T IS
DIAMETRIC,Y OPPOSITE 6,EURUS4 ,^! >E !
W9DS T >E DIAMETRIC,Y OPPOSITE 6"O ANO!R
& _! 3TR>IES4
  ,"! >E O!R W9DS : H NO 3TR>IES4 ,! W9D
!Y CALL ,?RASCIAS1 : LIES 2T ,>GE/ES &
,AP>CTIAS1 BL[S F ,I2 &! W9D CALL$
,MESES1 : LIES 2T ,CAECIAS & ,AP>CTIAS1
F ,K4 7,! L9E ,,IK NE>LY CO9CIDES )! "E
VISI# CIRCLE1 B N Q47 ,^! W9DS H NO
3TR>IES4 ,MESES HAS N1 OR ELSE "! WD 2 A
W9D BL[+ F ! PO9T ;,M : IS DIAMETRIC,Y
OPPOSITE4 ,?RASCIAS CORRESPOND+ 6! PO9T
,I HAS N1 = !N "! WD 2 A W9D BL[+ F ;,N1
! PO9T : IS DIAMETRIC,Y OPPOSITE4 7,B
P]H A LOCAL W9D : ! 9HABITANTS ( ^? "PS
CALL ,PHOENICIAS BL[S F T PO9T47
  ,^! >E ! MO/ IMPORTANT & DEF9ITE W9DS
& ^! _! PLACES4
  ,"! >E M W9DS F ! NOR? ?AN F ! S\?4 ,!
R1SON = ? IS T ! REGION 9 : WE LIVE LIES
NE>] 6! NOR?4 ,AL1 M* M WAT] & SN[ IS
PU%$ ASIDE 96? QU>T] 2C ! O!R LIES "U !
SUN & XS C\RSE4 ,:5 ? ?AWS & SOAKS 96!
E>? & IS EXPOS$ 6! H1T (! SUN &! E>? X
NECESS>ILY CAUSES EVAPOR,N 6RISE 9 GRT]
QUANTITIES & OV] A GRT] SPACE4
  ,(! W9DS WE H DESCRIB$ ,AP>CTIAS IS !
NOR? W9D 9 ! /RICT S5SE4 ,?RASCIAS &
,MESES >E NOR? W9DS TOO4 7,CAECIAS IS
HALF NOR? & HALF EA/47 ,S\? >E T : BL[S
F DUE S\? & ,LIPS4 ,EA/1 ! W9D F ! RIS+
(! SUN AT ! EQUINOX & ,EURUS4
,PHOENICIAS IS HALF S\? & HALF EA/4
,WE/1 ! W9D F ! TRUE WE/ & T CALL$
,>GE/ES4 ,M G5],Y ^! W9DS >E CLASSIFI$ Z
NOR!RLY OR S\!RLY4 ,! WE/ W9DS >E C.T$ Z
NOR!RLY1 = !Y BL[ F ! PLACE ( SUNSET &
>E "!=E COLD]2 ! EA/ W9DS Z S\!RLY1 = !Y
>E W>M] 2C !Y BL[ F ! PLACE ( SUNRISE4
,S ! 4T9C;N ( COLD & HOT OR W>M IS !
BASIS =! DIVI.N (! W9DS 96NOR!RLY &
S\!RLY4 ,EA/ W9DS >E W>M] ?AN WE/ W9DS
2C ! SUN %9ES ON ! EA/ L;G]1 ":AS X
L1VES ! WE/ SOON] & R1*ES X LAT]4
  ,S9CE ? IS ! 4TRIBU;N (! W9DS X IS
CLE> T 3TR>Y W9DS _C BL[ SIMULTANE\SLY4
,!Y >E DIAMETRIC,Y OPPOSITE 6"O ANO!R &
"O (! TWO M/ 2 OV]P[]$ & C1SE4 ,W9DS T
>E N DIAMETRIC,Y OPPOSITE 6"O ANO!R MAY
BL[ SIMULTANE\SLY3 = 9/.E ! W9DS F ;,Z &
F ,D4 ,H;E X "S"TS HAPP5S T BO? ( !M1
?\< DI6]5T W9DS & BL[+ F DI6]5T QU>T]S1
>E FAV\RA# 6SAILORS MAK+ =! SAME PO9T4
  ,3TR>Y W9DS -MONLY BL[ AT OPPOSITE
S1SONS4 ,?US ,CAECIAS & 9 G5]AL ! W9DS
NOR? (! SUMM] SOL/ICE BL[ AB ! "T (!
SPR+ EQUINOX1 B AB ! AUTUMN EQUINOX
,LIPS2 & ,ZEPHYRUS AB ! SUMM] SOL/ICE1 B
AB ! W9T] SOL/ICE ,EURUS4
  ,AP>CTIAS1 ,?RASCIAS1 & ,>GE/ES >E !
W9DS T FALL ON O!RS MO/ & /OP !M4 ,_!
S\RCE IS S CLOSE 6U T !Y >E GRT] & /R;G]
?AN O!R W9DS4 ,!Y BR+ FAIR W1!R MO/ (
ALL W9DS =! SAME R1SON1 =1 BL[+ Z !Y D1
F CLOSE AT H&1 !Y OV]P[] ! O!R W9DS &
/OP !M2 !Y AL BL[ AWAY ! CL\DS T >E =M+
& L1VE A CLE> SKY-UN.S !Y HAPP5 6BE V
COLD4 ,!N !Y D N BR+ FAIR W1!R1 B 2+
COLD] ?AN !Y >E /R;G !Y 3D5SE ! CL\DS 2F
DRIV+ !M AWAY4
  ,CAECIAS DOES N BR+ FAIR W1!R 2C X
RETURNS ^U XF4 ,H;E ! SAY+3 ,8,BR++ X ON
HMF Z ,CAECIAS DOES CL\DS40'
  ,:5 !Y C1SE1 W9DS >E SU3E$$ 0_!
NEI<B\RS 9 ! DIREC;N (! MOVE;T (! SUN4
,= AN E6ECT IS MO/ APT 6BE PRODUC$ 9 !
NEI<B\RHOOD ( XS CAUSE1 &! CAUSE ( W9DS
MOVES )! SUN4
  ,3TR>Y W9DS H EI ! SAME OR 3TR>Y
E6ECTS4 ,?US ,LIPS & ,CAECIAS1 "S"TS
CALL$ ,HELLESPONTIAS1 >E BO? RA9Y GE/ES
& ,EURUS >E DRY3 ! LATT] 2+ DRY AT F/ &
RA9Y AFWS4 ,MESES & ,AP>CTIAS >E COLDE/
& BR+ MO/ SN[4 ,AP>CTIAS1 ,?RASCIAS1 &
,>GE/ES BR+ HAIL4 ,NOTUS1 ,ZEPHYRUS1 &
,EURUS >E HOT4 ,CAECIAS COV]S ! SKY )
H1VY CL\DS1 ,LIPS ) LI<T] "OS4 ,CAECIAS
DOES ? 2C X RETURNS ^U XF & -B9ES !
QUALITIES ( ,BOR1S & ,EURUS4 ,02+ COLD X
3D5SES & GA!RS ! VAPOR\S AIR1 & 2C X IS
EA/]LY X C>RIES ) X & DRIVES 2F X A GRT
QUANT;Y ( S* MATT]4 ,AP>CTIAS1
,?RASCIAS1 & ,>GE/ES BR+ FAIR W1!R =!
R1SON WE H EXPLA9$ 2F4 ,^! W9DS & ,MESES
>E MO/ -MONLY A3OMPANI$ 0LI<TN+4 ,!Y >E
COLD 2C !Y BL[ F ! NOR?1 & LI<TN+ IS DUE
6COLD1 2+ EJECT$ :5 ! CL\DS 3TRACT4 ,"S
( ^! SAME BR+ HAIL ) !M =! SAME R1SON2
"NLY1 T !Y CAUSE A SU45 3D5S,N4
  ,HURRICANES >E -MONE/ 9 AUTUMN1 & NEXT
9 SPR+3 ,AP>CTIAS1 ,?RASCIAS1 & ,>GE/ES
GIVE RISE 6!M MO/4 ,? IS 2C HURRICANES
>E G5],Y =M$ :5 "S W9DS >E BL[+ & O!RS
FALL ON !M2 & ^! >E ! W9DS : >E MO/ APT
6FALL ON O!RS T >E BL[+2 ! R1SON = :1
TOO1 WE H EXPLA9$ 2F4
  ,! ,ETESIAE VE] R.D3 !Y 2G9 F ! NOR?1
& 2COME = DWELL]S 9 ! WE/ ,?RASCIAE1
,>GE/AE1 & ,ZEPHYRUS 7= ,ZEPHYRUS 2L;GS
6! NOR?74 ,= DWELL]S 9 ! EA/ !Y VE] R.D
Z F> Z ,APELIOTES4
  ,S M* =! W9DS1 _! ORIG9 & NATURE &!
PROP]TIES -MON 6!M ALL OR PECULI> 6EA*4
                   #G
  ,WE M/ G ON 64CUSS E>?QUAKES NEXT1 =
_! CAUSE IS AK9 6\R LA/ SUBJECT4
  ,! !ORIES T H BE5 PUT =W>D UP 6!
PRES5T DATE >E ?REE1 & _! AU?ORS ?REE
M51 ,ANAXAGORAS ( ,CLAZOM5AE1 & 2F HM
,ANAXIM5ES ( ,MILETUS1 & LAT]
,DEMOCRITUS ( ,ABD]A4
  ,ANAXAGORAS SAYS T ! E!R1 : NATUR,Y
MOVES UPW>DS1 IS CAU<T 9 HOLL[S 2L ! E>?
& S %AKES X1 = ?\< ! E>? IS RE,Y ALL ( X
EQU,Y POR\S1 XS SURFACE IS CLO7$ UP
0RA94 ,? IMPLIES T "P (! :OLE SPH]E IS
,8ABV0' & "P ,82L0'3 ,8ABV0' 2+ ! "P ON
: WE LIVE1 ,82L0' ! O!R4
  ,? !ORY IS P]H TOO PRIMITIVE 6REQUIRE
REFUT,N4 ,X IS ABSURD 6?9K ( UP & D[N
O!RWISE ?AN Z M1N+ T H1VY BODIES MOVE 6!
E>? F E QU>T]1 & LI<T "OS1 S* Z FIRE1
AWAY F X2 ESPECI,Y Z WE SEE T1 Z F> Z \R
K (! E>? GOES1 ! HORIZON ALW *ANGES )A
*ANGE 9 \R POSI;N1 : PROVES T ! E>? IS
3VEX & SPH]ICAL4 ,X IS ABSURD1 TOO1
6MA9TA9 T ! E>? RE/S ON ! AIR 2C ( XS
SIZE1 & !N 6SAY T IMPACT UPW>DS F 2L
%AKES X "R "?4 ,2SS HE GIVES NO A3.T (!
CIRCUM/.ES ATT5DANT ON E>?QUAKES3 = N E
C.TRY OR E S1SON IS SUBJECT 6!M4
  ,DEMOCRITUS SAYS T ! E>? IS FULL (
WAT] & T :5 A QUANT;Y ( RA9-WAT] IS A4$
6? AN E>?QUAKE IS ! RESULT4 ,! HOLL[S 9
! E>? 2+ UNA# 6ADMIT ! EXCESS ( WAT] X
=CES XS WAY 9 & S CAUSES AN E>?QUAKE4
,OR AG1 ! E>? Z X DRIES DRAWS ! WAT] F !
FULL] 6! EMPTI] "PS1 &! 9RU% (! WAT] Z X
*ANGES XS PLACE CAUSES ! E>?QUAKE4
  ,ANAXIM5ES SAYS T ! E>? BR1KS UP :5 X
GR[S WET OR DRY1 & E>?QUAKES >E DUE 6!
FALL ( ^! MASSES Z !Y BR1K AWAY4 ,H;E
E>?QUAKES TAKE PLACE 9 "TS ( DR"\ & AG (
H1VY RA91 S9CE1 Z WE H EXPLA9$1 ! E>?
GR[S DRY 9 "T ( DR"\ & BR1KS UP1 ":AS !
RA9 MAKES X SO45 & DE/ROYS XS COHE.N4
  ,B IF ? 7 ! CASE ! E>? "\ 6BE F.D 6BE
S9K+ 9 _M PLACES4 ,AG1 :Y D E>?QUAKES
FREQU5TLY O3UR 9 PLACES : >E N
EXCESSIVELY SUBJECT 6DR"\ OR RA91 Z !Y
"\ 6BE ON ! !ORY8 ,2SS1 ON ? VIEW1
E>?QUAKES "\ ALW 6BE GETT+ FEW]1 & %D -E
6AN 5D 5TIRELY "S "D3 ! NO;N ( 3TRAC;N
0PACK+ TGR IMPLIES ?4 ,S ? IS IMPOSSI# !
!ORY M/ 2 IMPOSSI# TOO4

                   #H
  ,WE H ALR %[N T WET & DRY M/ BO? GIVE
RISE 6AN EVAPOR,N3 E>?QUAKES >E A NEC
3SEQU;E ( ? FACT4 ,! E>? IS ESS5TI,Y
DRY1 B RA9 FILLS X ) MOI/URE4 ,!N ! SUN
& XS [N FIRE W>M X & GIVE RISE 6A
QUANT;Y ( W9D BO? \TSIDE & 9SIDE X4 ,?
W9D "S"TS FL[S \TW>DS 9 A S+LE BODY1
"S"TS 9W>DS1 & "S"TS X IS DIVID$4 ,ALL
^! >E NEC LAWS4 ,NEXT WE M/ F9D \ :AT
BODY HAS ! GRTE/ MOTIVE =CE4 ,? W
C]TA9LY 2 ! BODY T NATUR,Y MOVES F>!/ &
IS MO/ VIOL5T4 ,N[ T : HAS ! MO/ RAPID
MO;N IS NECESS>ILY ! MO/ VIOL5T2 = XS
SWIFT;S GIVES XS IMPACT ! GRTE/ =CE4
,AG1 ! R>E/ BODY1 T : C MO/ R1DILY PASS
"? E O!R BODY1 IS T : NATUR,Y MOVES
F>!/4 ,W9D SATISFIES ^! 3DI;NS 9 ! HI<E/
DEGREE 7FIRE ONLY 2COMES FLAME & MOVES
RAPIDLY :5 W9D A3OMPANIES X73 S T N WAT]
NOR E>? IS ! CAUSE ( E>?QUAKES B W9D-T
IS1 ! 9RU% (! EXT]NAL EVAPOR,N 96! E>?4
  ,H;E1 S9CE ! EVAPOR,N G5],Y FOLL[S 9 A
3T9U\S BODY 9 ! DIREC;N 9 : X F/ />T$1 &
EI ALL ( X FL[S 9W>DS OR ALL \TW>DS1 MO/
E>?QUAKES &! GRTE/ >E A3OMPANI$ 0CALM4
,X IS TRUE T "S TAKE PLACE :5 A W9D IS
BL[+1 B ? PRES5TS NO DI6ICULTY4 ,WE
"S"TS F9D S"EAL W9DS BL[+ SIMULTANE\SLY4
,IF "O ( ^! 5T]S ! E>? WE GET AN
E>?QUAKE ATT5D$ 0W9D4 ,ONLY ^! E>?QUAKES
>E LESS SEV]E 2C _! S\RCE & CAUSE IS
DIVID$4
  ,AG1 MO/ E>?QUAKES &! SEV]E/ O3UR AT
NI<T OR1 IF 0"D1 AB NOON1 T 2+ G5],Y !
CALME/ "P (! "D4 ,= :5 ! SUN EX]TS XS
FULL P[] 7Z X DOES AB NOON7 X %UTS !
EVAPOR,N 96! E>?4 ,NI<T1 TOO1 IS CALM]
?AN "D4 ,! ABS;E (! SUN MAKES ! EVAPOR,N
RETURN 96! E>? L A SORT ( EBB TIDE1
CORRESPOND+ 6! \TW>D FL[2 ESPECI,Y T[>DS
DAWN1 =! W9DS1 Z A RULE1 2G9 6BL[ !N1 &
IF _! S\RCE *ANGES AB L ! ,EURIPUS &
FL[S 9W>DS ! QUANT;Y ( W9D 9 ! E>? IS
GRT] &A M VIOL5T E>?QUAKE RESULTS4
  ,! SEV]E/ E>?QUAKES TAKE PLACE ": !
SEA IS FULL ( CURR5TS OR ! E>? SP;GY &
CAV]N\S3 S !Y O3UR NE> ! ,HELLESPONT & 9
,A*AEA & ,SICILY1 & ^? "PS ( ,EUBOEA :
CORRESPOND 6\R DESCRIP;N-": ! SEA IS
SUPPOS$ 6FL[ 9 *ANNELS 2L ! E>?4 ,! HOT
SPR+S1 TOO1 NE> ,AEDEPSUS >E DUE 6A
CAUSE ( ? K9D4 ,X IS ! 3F9$ "* ( ^!
PLACES T MAKES !M S LIA# 6E>?QUAKES4 ,A
GRT & "!=E VIOL5T W9D IS DEVELOP$1 : WD
NATUR,Y BL[ AWAY F ! E>?3 B ! ONRU% (!
SEA 9 A GRT MASS ?RU/S X BACK 96! E>?4
,! C.TRIES T >E SP;GY 2L ! SURFACE >E
EXPOS$ 6E>?QUAKES 2C !Y H ROOM = S M*
W9D4
  ,=! SAME R1SON E>?QUAKES USU,Y TAKE
PLACE 9 SPR+ & AUTUMN & 9 "TS ( WET &(
DR"\-2C ^! >E ! W9DIE/ S1SONS4 ,SUMM] )
XS H1T & W9T] ) XS FRO/ CAUSE CALM3 W9T]
IS TOO COLD1 SUMM] TOO DRY = W9DS 6=M4
,9 "T ( DR"\ ! AIR IS FULL ( W9D2 DR"\
IS J ! PREDOM9.E (! DRY OV] ! MOI/
EVAPOR,N4 ,AG1 EXCESSIVE RA9 CAUSES M (!
EVAPOR,N 6=M 9 ! E>?4 ,!N ? SECRE;N IS
%UT UP 9 A N>R[ -PASS & =C$ 96A SMALL]
SPACE 0! WAT] T FILLS ! CAVITIES4 ,?US A
GRT W9D IS -PRESS$ 96A SMALL] SPACE & S
GETS ! UPP] H&1 & !N BR1KS \ & B1TS AG/
! E>? & %AKES X VIOL5TLY4
  ,WE M/ SUPPOSE ! AC;N (! W9D 9 ! E>?
6BE ANALOG\S 6! TREMORS & ?RO2+S CAUS$ 9
U 0! =CE (! W9D 3TA9$ 9 \R BODIES4 ,?US
"S E>?QUAKES >E A SORT ( TREMOR1 O!RS A
SORT ( ?RO2+4 ,AG1 WE M/ ?9K ( AN
E>?QUAKE Z "S?+ L ! TREMOR T (T5 RUNS "?
! BODY AF PASS+ WAT] Z ! W9D RETURNS
9W>DS F )\T 9 "O VOLUME4
  ,! =CE W9D C H MAY 2 GA!R$ N ONLY F
:AT HAPP5S 9 ! AIR 7": "O MI<T SUPPOSE T
X [$ XS P[] 6PRODUCE S* E6ECTS 6XS
VOLUME71 B AL F :AT IS OBS]V$ 9 ANIMAL
BODIES4 ,TETANUS & SPASMS >E MO;NS (
W9D1 & _! =CE IS S* T ! UNIT$ EF=TS ( _M
M5 D N SU3E$ 9 OV]COM+ ! MOVE;TS (!
PATI5TS4 ,WE M/ SUPPOSE1 !N 76-P>E GRT
?+S ) SMALL71 T :AT HAPP5S 9 ! E>? IS J
L T4 ,\R !ORY HAS BE5 V]IFI$ 0ACTUAL
OBS]V,N 9 _M PLACES4 ,X HAS BE5 "KN
6HAPP5 T AN E>?QUAKE HAS 3T9U$ UNTIL !
W9D T CAUS$ X BUR/ "? ! E>? 96! AIR &
APPE>$ VISIBLY L A HURRICANE4 ,? HAPP5$
LATELY NE> ,H]ACLEIA 9 ,PONTUS & "S "T
PA/ AT ! ISL& ,HI]A1 "O (! GR\P CALL$ !
,AEOLIAN ISL&S4 ,"H A POR;N (! E>?
SWELL$ UP &A LUMP L A M.D ROSE )A NOISE3
F9,Y X BUR/1 &A GRT W9D CAME \ ( X &
?REW UP LIVE C9D]S & A%ES : BURI$ !
NEI<B\R+ T[N ( ,LIP>A & R1*$ "S (! T[NS
9 ,ITALY4 ,! SPOT ": ? ERUP;N O3URR$ IS
/ 6BE SE54
  ,9DE$1 ? M/ 2 RECOGNIZ$ Z ! CAUSE (!
FIRE T IS G5]AT$ 9 ! E>?3 ! AIR IS F/
BROK5 UP 9 SMALL "PICLES & !N ! W9D IS
B1T5 AB & S CAT*ES FIRE4
  ,A PH5OM5ON 9 ^! ISL&S AF=DS FUR!R
EVID;E (! FACT T W9DS MOVE 2L ! SURFACE
(! E>?4 ,:5 A S\? W9D IS GO+ 6BL[ "! IS
A PREMONITORY 9DIC,N3 A S.D IS HE>D 9 !
PLACES F : ! ERUP;NS ISSUE4 ,? IS 2C !
SEA IS 2+ PU%$ ON F A 4T.E & XS ADV.E
?RU/S BACK 96! E>? ! W9D T 0 ISSU+ F X4
,! R1SON :Y "! IS A NOISE & NO E>?QUAKE
IS T ! "UGR.D SPACES >E S EXT5SIVE 9
PROPOR;N 6! QUANT;Y (! AIR T IS 2+ DRIV5
ON T ! W9D SLIPS AWAY 96! VOID 2Y4
  ,AG1 \R !ORY IS SUPPORT$ 0! FACTS T !
SUN APPE>S HAZY & IS D>K5$ 9 ! ABS;E (
CL\DS1 & T "! IS "S"TS CALM & %>P FRO/
2F E>?QUAKES AT SUNRISE4 ,! SUN IS
NECESS>ILY OBSCUR$ & D>K5$ :5 ! EVAPOR,N
: 4SOLVES & R>EFIES ! AIR 2G9S 6)DRAW
96! E>?4 ,! CALM1 TOO1 &! COLD T[>DS
SUNRISE & DAWN FOLL[ F ! !ORY4 ,! CALM
WE H ALR EXPLA9$4 ,"! M/ Z A RULE 2 CALM
2C ! W9D FL[S BACK 96! E>?3 AG1 X M/ 2
MO/ M>K$ 2F ! M VIOL5T E>?QUAKES1 = :5 !
W9D IS N "P \TSIDE E>?1 "P 9SIDE1 B
MOVES 9 A S+LE BODY1 XS /R5G? M/ 2 GRT]4
,! COLD -ES 2C ! EVAPOR,N : IS NATUR,Y &
ESS5TI,Y HOT 5T]S ! E>?4 7,W9D IS N
RECOGNIZ$ 6BE HOT1 2C X SETS ! AIR 9
MO;N1 & T IS FULL (A QUANT;Y ( COLD
VAP\R4 ,X IS ! SAME )! BR1? WE BL[ F \R
M\?3 CLOSE 0X IS W>M1 Z X IS :5 WE BR1!
\ "? ! M\?1 B "! IS S LL ( X T X IS
SC>CELY NOTIC$1 ":AS AT A 4T.E X IS COLD
=! SAME R1SON Z W9D47 ,WELL1 :5 ?
EVAPOR,N 4APPE>S 96! E>? ! VAPOR\S
EXHAL,N 3C5TRATES & CAUSES COLD 9 ANY
PLACE 9 : ? 4APPE>.E O3URS4
  ,A SIGN : "S"TS PREC$ES E>?QUAKES C 2
EXPLA9$ 9 ! SAME WAY4 ,EI 0"D OR A LL AF
SUNSET1 9 F9E W1!R1 A LL1 LI<T1 L;G-
DRAWN CL\D IS SE51 L A L;G V /RAI<T L9E4
,? IS 2C ! W9D IS L1V+ ! AIR & DY+ D[N4
,"S?+ ANALOG\S 6? HAPP5S ON ! SEA-%ORE4
,:5 ! SEA BR1KS 9 GRT WAVES ! M>KS LEFT
ON ! S& >E V ?ICK & CROOK$1 B :5 ! SEA
IS CALM !Y >E SLI<T & /RAI<T 72C !
SECRE;N IS SMALL74 ,Z ! SEA IS 6! %ORE S
! W9D IS 6! CL\DY AIR2 S1 :5 ! W9D
DROPS1 ? V /RAI<T & ?9 CL\D IS LEFT1 A
SORT ( WAVE-M>K 9 ! AIR4
  ,AN E>?QUAKE "S"TS CO9CIDES ) AN
ECLIPSE (! MOON =! SAME R1SON4 ,:5 ! E>?
IS ON ! PO9T ( 2+ 9T]POS$1 B ! LI<T &
H1T (! SUN HAS N Q VANI%$ F ! AIR B IS
DY+ AWAY1 ! W9D : CAUSES ! E>?QUAKE 2F !
ECLIPSE1 TURNS (F 96! E>?1 & CALM 5SUES4
,= "! (T5 >E W9DS 2F ECLIPSES3 AT
NI<TFALL IF ! ECLIPSE IS AT MIDNI<T1 &
AT MIDNI<T IF ! ECLIPSE IS AT DAWN4 ,!Y
>E CAUS$ 0! LESS5+ (! W>M? F ! MOON :5
XS SPH]E APPROA*ES ! PO9T AT : ! ECLIPSE
IS GO+ 6TAKE PLACE4 ,S ! 9FLU;E :
RE/RA9$ & QUIET$ ! AIR W1K5S &! AIR
MOVES AG &A W9D RISES1 & DOES S LAT]1 !
LAT] ! ECLIPSE4
  ,A SEV]E E>?QUAKE DOES N /OP AT ONCE
OR AF A S+LE %OCK1 B F/ ! %OCKS G ON1
(T5 = AB =TY "DS2 AF T1 = "O OR EV5 TWO
YE>S X GIVES PREMONITORY 9DIC,NS 9 !
SAME PLACE4 ,! SEV];Y (! E>?QUAKE IS
DET]M9$ 0! QUANT;Y ( W9D &! %APE (!
PASSAGES "? : X FL[S4 ,": X IS B1T5 BACK
& _C EASILY F9D XS WAY \ ! %OCKS >E MO/
VIOL5T1 & "! X M/ REMA9 9 A CRAMP$ SPACE
L WAT] T _C ESCAPE4 ,ANY ?RO2+ 9 ! BODY
DOES N C1SE SU45LY OR QKLY1 B 0DEGREES
AC Z ! A6EC;N PASSES (F4 ,S "H ! AG5CY :
CR1T$ ! EVAPOR,N & GAVE X AN IMPULSE
6MO;N CLE>LY DOES N AT ONCE EXHAU/ !
:OLE (! MAT]IAL F : X =MS ! W9D : WE
CALL AN E>?QUAKE4 ,S UNTIL ! RE/ ( ? IS
EXHAU/$ ! %OCKS M/ 3T9UE1 ?\< M G5TLY1 &
!Y M/ G ON UNTIL "! IS TOO LL (!
EVAPOR,N LEFT 6H ANY P]CEPTI# E6ECT ON !
E>? AT ALL4
  ,SUBT]RAN1N NOISES1 TOO1 >E DUE 6!
W9D2 "S"TS !Y PORT5D E>?QUAKES B "S"TS
!Y H BE5 HE>D )\T ANY E>?QUAKE FOLL[+4
,J Z ! AIR GIVES (F V>I\S S.DS :5 X IS
/RUCK1 S X DOES :5 X /RIKES O!R ?+S2 =
/RIK+ 9VOLVES 2+ /RUCK & S ! TWO CASES
>E ! SAME4 ,! S.D PREC$ES ! %OCK 2C S.D
IS ?9N] & PASSES "? ?+S M R1DILY ?AN
W9D4 ,B :5 ! W9D IS TOO W1K 0R1SON (
?9;S 6CAUSE AN E>?QUAKE ! ABS;E (A %OCK
IS DUE 6XS FILT]+ "? R1DILY1 ?\< 0/RIK+
H>D & HOLL[ MASSES ( DI6]5T %APES X
MAKES V>I\S NOISES1 S T ! E>? "S"TS
SEEMS TO ,8BELL[0' Z ! PORT5TM;G]S SAY4
  ,WAT] HAS BE5 "KN 6BUR/ \ DUR+ AN
E>?QUAKE4 ,B T DOES N MAKE WAT] ! CAUSE
(! E>?QUAKE4 ,! W9D IS ! E6ICI5T CAUSE
:E!R X DRIVES ! WAT] AL;G ! SURFACE OR
UP F 2L3 J Z W9DS >E ! CAUSES ( WAVES &
N WAVES ( W9DS4 ,ELSE WE MI<T Z WELL SAY
T E>? 0 ! CAUSE2 = X IS UPSET 9 AN
E>?QUAKE1 J L WAT] 7= E6U.N IS A =M (
UPSETT+74 ,NO1 E>? & WAT] >E MAT]IAL
CAUSES 72+ PATI5TS1 N AG5TS73 ! TRUE
CAUSE IS ! W9D4
  ,! -B9,N (A TIDAL WAVE ) AN E>?QUAKE
IS DUE 6! PRES;E ( 3TR>Y W9DS4 ,X O3URS
:5 ! W9D : IS %AK+ ! E>? DOES N 5TIRELY
SU3E$ 9 DRIV+ (F ! SEA : ANO!R W9D IS
BR++ ON1 B PU%ES X BACK & H1PS X UP 9 A
GRT MASS 9 "O PLACE4 ,GIV5 ? SITU,N X
FOLL[S T :5 ? W9D GIVES WAY ! :OLE BODY
(! SEA1 DRIV5 ON 0! O!R W9D1 W BUR/ \ &
OV]:ELM ! L&4 ,? IS :AT HAPP5$ 9 ,A*AEA4
,"! A S\? W9D 0 BL[+1 B \TSIDE A NOR?
W9D2 !N "! 0 A CALM &! W9D 5T]$ ! E>?1 &
!N ! TIDAL WAVE CAME ON & SIMULTANE\SLY
"! 0 AN E>?QUAKE4 ,? 0 ! M VIOL5T Z !
SEA ALL[$ NO EXIT 6! W9D T _H 5T]$ !
E>?1 B %UT X IN4 ,S 9 _! /RU7LE ) "O
ANO!R ! W9D CAUS$ ! E>?QUAKE1 &! WAVE
0XS SETTL+ D[N ! 9UND,N4
  ,E>?QUAKES >E LOCAL & (T5 A6ECT A
SMALL 4TRICT ONLY2 ":AS W9DS >E N LOCAL4
,S* PH5OM5A >E LOCAL :5 ! EVAPOR,NS AT A
GIV5 PLACE >E JO9$ 0^? F ! NEXT & UNITE2
?1 Z WE EXPLA9$1 IS :AT HAPP5S :5 "! IS
DR"\ OR EXCESSIVE RA9 LOC,Y4 ,N[
E>?QUAKES D -E AB 9 ? WAY B W9DS D N4 ,=
E>?QUAKES1 RA9S1 & DR"\S H _! S\RCE &
ORIG9 9SIDE ! E>?1 S T ! SUN IS N EQU,Y
A# 6DIRECT ALL ! EVAPOR,NS 9 "O DIREC;N4
,B ON ! EVAPOR,NS 9 ! AIR ! SUN HAS M
9FLU;E S T1 :5 ONCE !Y H BE5 GIV5 AN
IMPULSE 0XS MO;N1 : IS DET]M9$ 0XS V>I\S
POSI;NS1 !Y FL[ 9 "O DIREC;N4
  ,:5 ! W9D IS PRES5T 9 SU6ICI5T QUANT;Y
"! IS AN E>?QUAKE4 ,! %OCKS >E
HORIZONTAL L A TREMOR2 EXCEPT O3A.N,Y1 9
A FEW PLACES1 ": !Y ACT V]TIC,Y1 UPW>DS
F 2L1 L A ?RO2+4 ,X IS ! V]TICAL DIREC;N
: MAKES ? K9D ( E>?QUAKE S R>E4 ,!
MOTIVE =CE DOES N EASILY A3UMULATE 9 GRT
QUANT;Y 9 ! POSI;N REQUIR$1 S9CE !
SURFACE (! E>? SECRETES F> M (! EVAPOR,N
?AN XS DEP?S4 ,:]"E AN E>?QUAKE ( ? K9D
DOES O3UR A QUANT;Y ( /"OS -ES 6!
SURFACE (! E>? 7Z :5 Y ?R[ UP ?+S 9 A
W9N[+ FAN71 Z WE SEE F ,SIPYLUS &!
,PHLEGRAEAN PLA9 &! 4TRICT 9 ,LIGURIA1 :
7 DEVA/AT$ 0? K9D ( E>?QUAKE4
  ,ISL&S 9 ! MI4LE (! SEA >E LESS EXPOS$
6E>?QUAKES ?AN ^? NE> L&4 ,F/1 ! VOLUME
(! SEA COOLS ! EVAPOR,NS & OV]P[]S !M
0XS WEI<T & S CRU%ES !M4 ,!N1 CURR5TS &
N %OCKS >E PRODUC$ 9 ! SEA 0! AC;N (!
W9DS4 ,AG1 X IS S EXT5SIVE T EVAPOR,NS D
N COLLECT 9 X B ISSUE F X1 & ^! DRAW !
EVAPOR,NS F ! E>? AF !M4 ,ISL&S NE> !
3T95T RE,Y =M "P ( X3 ! 9T]V5+ SEA IS N
5 6MAKE ANY DI6];E2 B ^? 9 ! OP5 SEA C
ONLY 2 %AK5 IF ! :OLE (! SEA T SURR.DS
!M IS %AK5 TOO4
  ,WE H N[ EXPLA9$ E>?QUAKES1 _! NATURE
& CAUSE1 &! MO/ IMPORTANT (! CIRCUM/.ES
ATT5DANT ON _! APPE>.E4
                   #I
  ,LET U G ON 6EXPLA9 LI<TN+ & ?"U1 &
FUR!R :IRLW9D1 FIRE-W9D1 & ?"UBOLTS3 =!
CAUSE ( !M ALL IS ! SAME4
  ,Z WE H SD1 "! >E TWO K9DS ( EXHAL,N1
MOI/ & DRY1 &! ATMOSPH]E 3TA9S !M BO?
POT5TI,Y4 ,X1 Z WE H SD 2F1 3D5SES
96CL\D1 &! D5S;Y (! CL\DS IS HI<E/ AT _!
UPP] LIMIT4 7,= !Y M/ 2 D5S] & COLD] ON
! SIDE ": ! H1T ESCAPES 6! UPP] REGION &
L1VES !M4 ,? EXPLA9S :Y HURRICANES &
?"UBOLTS & ALL ANALOG\S PH5OM5A MOVE
D[NW>DS 9 SPITE (! FACT T "EY?+ HOT HAS
A NATURAL T5D5CY UPW>DS4 ,J Z ! PIPS T
WE SQUEEZE 2T \R F+]S >E H1VY B (T5 JUMP
UPW>DS3 S ^! ?+S >E NECESS>ILY SQUEEZ$ \
AWAY F ! D5SE/ "P (! CL\D47 ,N[ ! H1T T
ESCAPES 4P]SES 6! UP REGION4 ,B IF ANY (
! DRY EXHAL,N IS CAU<T 9 ! PROCESS Z !
AIR COOLS1 X IS SQUEEZ$ \ Z ! CL\DS
3TRACT1 & COLLIDES 9 XS RAPID C\RSE )!
NEI<B\R+ CL\DS1 &! S.D ( ? COLLI.N IS
:AT WE CALL ?"U4 ,? COLLI.N IS ANALOG\S1
6-P>E SMALL ) GRT1 6! S.D WE HE> 9 A
FLAME : M5 CALL ! LAU<T] OR ! ?R1T (
,HEPHAE/US OR ( ,HE/IA4 ,? O3URS :5 !
WOOD DRIES & CRACKS &! EXHAL,N RU%ES ON
! FLAME 9 A BODY4 ,S 9 ! CL\DS1 !
EXHAL,N IS PROJECT$ & XS IMPACT ON D5SE
CL\DS CAUSES ?"U3 ! V>IETY (! S.D IS DUE
6! IRREGUL>;Y (! CL\DS &! HOLL[S T
9T]V5E ": _! D5S;Y IS 9T]RUPT$4 ,? !N1
IS ?"U1 & ? XS CAUSE4
  ,X USU,Y HAPP5S T ! EXHAL,N T IS
EJECT$ IS 9FLAM$ & BURNS )A ?9 & FA9T
FIRE3 ? IS :AT WE CALL LI<TN+1 ": WE SEE
Z X 7 ! EXHAL,N COL\R$ 9 ! ACT ( XS
EJEC;N4 ,X -ES 96EXI/;E AF ! COLLI.N &!
?"U1 ?\< WE SEE X E>LI] 2C SI<T IS QK]
?AN HE>+4 ,! R[+ ( TRIREMES ILLU/RATES
?3 ! O>S >E GO+ BACK AG 2F ! S.D ( _!
/RIK+ ! WAT] R1*ES U4
  ,H["E1 "! >E "S :O MA9TA9 T "! IS
ACTU,Y FIRE 9 ! CL\DS4 ,EMP$OCLES SAYS T
X 3SI/S ( "S (! SUN'S RAYS : >E
9T]CEPT$3 ,ANAXAGORAS T X IS "P (! UPP]
E!R 7: HE CALLS FIRE7 : HAS DESC5D$ F
ABV4 ,LI<TN+1 !N1 IS ! GL1M ( ? FIRE1 &
?"U ! HISS+ NOISE ( XS EXT9C;N 9 ! CL\D4
  ,B ? 9VOLVES ! VIEW T LI<TN+ ACTU,Y IS
PRIOR 6?"U & DOES N M]ELY APPE> 6BE S4
,AG1 ? 9T]CEPT+ (! FIRE IS IMPOSSI# ON
EI !ORY1 B ESPECI,Y X IS SD 6BE DRAWN
D[N F ! UPP] E!R4 ,"S R1SON "\ 6BE GIV5
:Y T : NATUR,Y ASC5DS %D DESC5D1 & :Y X
%D N ALW D S1 B ONLY :5 X IS CL\DY4 ,:5
! SKY IS CLE> "! IS NO LI<TN+3 6SAY T "!
IS1 IS ALT WANTON4
  ,! VIEW T ! H1T (! SUN'S RAYS 9T]CEPT$
9 ! CL\DS IS ! CAUSE ( ^! PH5OM5A IS
EQU,Y UNATTRACTIVE3 ?1 TOO1 IS A MO/
C>E.S EXPLAN,N4 ,?"U1 LI<TN+1 &! RE/ M/
H A SEP>ATE & DET]M9ATE CAUSE ASSIGN$
6!M ON : !Y 5SUE4 ,B ? !ORY DOES NO?+ (!
SORT4 ,X IS L SUPPOS+ T WAT]1 SN[1 &
HAIL EXI/$ ALL AL;G & 7 PRODUC$ :5 ! "T
CAME & N G5]AT$ AT ALL1 Z IF ! ATMOSPH]E
BR"\ EA* 6H& \ ( XS /OCK F "T 6"T4 ,!Y
>E 3CRE;NS 9 ! SAME WAY Z ?"U & LI<TN+
>E 4CRE;NS1 S T IF X IS TRUE ( EI T !Y
>E N G5]AT$ B PRE-EXI/1 ! SAME M/ 2 TRUE
(! O!R4 ,AG1 H[ C ANY 4T9C;N 2 MADE AB !
9T]CEPT+ 2T ? CASE & T ( 9T]CEP;N 9 D5S]
SUB/.ES S* Z WAT]8 ,WAT]1 TOO1 IS H1T$
0! SUN & 0FIRE3 YET :5 X 3TRACTS AG &
GR[S COLD & FREEZES NO S* EJEC;N Z !Y
DESCRIBE O3URS1 ?\< X "\ ON _! !4 6TAKE
PLACE ON A PROPOR;NATE SCALE4 ,BOIL+ IS
DUE 6! EXHAL,N G5]AT$ 0FIRE3 B X IS
IMPOSSI# = X 6EXI/ 9 ! WAT] 2FH&2 & 2SS
!Y CALL ! NOISE ,8HISS+0'1 N ,8BOIL+0'4
,B HISS+ IS RE,Y BOIL+ ON A SMALL SCALE3
= :5 T : IS BR"\ 963TACT ) MOI/URE & IS
9 PROCESS ( 2+ EXT+UI%$ GETS ! BETT] (
X1 !N X BOILS & MAKES ! NOISE 9 "Q4 ,"S-
,CLEIDEMUS IS "O ( !M-SAY T LI<TN+ IS
NO?+ OBJECTIVE B M]ELY AN APPE>.E4 ,!Y
-P>E X 6:AT HAPP5S :5 Y /RIKE ! SEA )A
ROD 0NI<T &! WAT] IS SE5 6%9E4 ,!Y SAY T
! MOI/URE 9 ! CL\D IS B1T5 AB 9 ! SAME
WAY1 & T LI<TN+ IS ! APPE>.E ( B"R;S T
5SUES4
  ,? !ORY IS DUE 6IGNOR.E (! !ORY (
REFLEC;N1 : IS ! R1L CAUSE ( T PH5OM5ON4
,! WAT] APPE>S 6%9E :5 /RUCK 2C \R SI<T
IS REFLECT$ F X 6"S B"R OBJECT3 H;E !
PH5OM5ON O3URS MA9LY 0NI<T3 ! APPE>.E IS
N SE5 0"D 2C ! "DLI<T IS TOO IN1 T5SE &
OBSCURES X4
  ,^! >E ! !ORIES ( O!RS AB ?"U &
LI<TN+3 "S MA9TA9+ T LI<TN+ IS A
REFLEC;N1 ! O!RS T LI<TN+ IS FIRE %9+ "?
! CL\D & ?"U XS EXT9C;N1 ! FIRE N 2+
G5]AT$ 9 EA* CASE B EXI/+ 2FH&4 ,WE SAY
T ! SAME /UFF IS W9D ON ! E>?1 &
E>?QUAKE "U X1 & 9 ! CL\DS ?"U4 ,!
ESS5TIAL 3/ITU5T ( ALL ^! PH5OM5A IS !
SAME3 "NLY1 ! DRY EXHAL,N4 ,IF X FL[S 9
"O DIREC;N X IS W9D1 9 ANO!R X CAUSES
E>?QUAKES2 9 ! CL\DS1 :5 !Y >E 9 A
PROCESS ( *ANGE & 3TRACT & 3D5SE 96WAT]1
X IS EJECT$ & CAUSES ?"U & LI<TN+ &! O!R
PH5OM5A (! SAME NATURE4
  ,S M* = ?"U & LI<TN+4

              ,BOOK ,,III
                   #A
  ,,LET U EXPLA9 ! REMA9+ OP],NS ( ?
SECRE;N 9 ! SAME WAY Z WE H TR1T$ ! RE/4
,:5 ? EXHAL,N IS SECRET$ 9 SMALL &
SCATT]$ QUANTITIES & FREQU5TLY1 & IS
TRANSITORY1 & XS 3/ITU;N R>E1 X GIVES
RISE 6?"U & LI<TN+4 ,B IF X IS SECRET$ 9
A BODY & IS D5S]1 T IS1 LESS R>E1 WE GET
A HURRICANE4 ,! FACT T X ISSUES 9 BODY
EXPLA9S XS VIOL;E3 X IS DUE 6! RAPID;Y (
! SECRE;N4 ,N[ :5 ? SECRE;N ISSUES 9 A
GRT & 3T9U\S CURR5T ! RESULT CORRESPONDS
6:AT WE GET :5 ! OPPOSITE DEVELOP;T
TAKES PLACE & RA9 &A QUANT;Y ( WAT] >E
PRODUC$4 ,Z F> Z ! MATT] F : !Y >E
DEVELOP$ GOES BO? SETS ( PH5OM5A >E !
SAME4 ,Z SOON Z A /IMULUS 6! DEVELOP;T (
EI POT5TIAL;Y APPE>S1 T ( : "! IS ! GRT]
QUANT;Y PRES5T 9 ! CL\D IS AT ONCE
SECRET$ F X1 & "! RESULTS EI RA91 OR1 IF
! O!R EXHAL,N PREVAILS1 A HURRICANE4
  ,"S"TS ! EXHAL,N 9 ! CL\D1 :5 X IS 2+
SECRET$1 COLLIDES ) ANO!R "U CIRCUM/.ES
L ^? F.D :5 A W9D IS =C$ F AN OP5 96A
N>R[ SPACE 9 A GATEWAY OR A ROAD4 ,X (T5
HAPP5S 9 S* CASES T ! F/ "P (! MOV+ BODY
IS DEFLECT$ 2C (! RESI/.E DUE EI 6!
N>R[;S OR 6A 3TR>Y CURR5T1 & S ! W9D =MS
A CIRCLE & $DY4 ,X IS PREV5T$ F ADVANC+
9 A /RAI<T L9E3 AT ! SAME "T X IS PU%$
ON F 2H2 S X IS -PELL$ 6MOVE SIDEWAYS 9
! DIREC;N ( L1/ RESI/.E4 ,! SAME ?+
HAPP5S 6! NEXT "P1 &! NEXT1 & S ON1 TILL
! S]IES 2COMES "O1 T IS1 TILL A CIRCLE
IS =M$3 = IF A FIGURE IS DESCRIB$ 0A
S+LE MO;N T FIGURE M/ XF 2 "O4 ,? IS H[
$DIES >E G5]AT$ ON ! E>?1 &! CASE IS !
SAME 9 ! CL\DS Z F> Z ! 2G9N+ ( !M GOES4
,ONLY "H 7Z 9 ! CASE (! HURRICANE :
%AKES (F ! CL\D )\T CESS,N & 2COMES A
3T9U\S W9D7 ! CL\D FOLL[S ! EXHAL,N
UNBROK51 &! EXHAL,N1 FAIL+ 6BR1K AWAY F
! CL\D 2C ( XS D5S;Y1 F/ MOVES 9 A
CIRCLE =! R1SON GIV5 & !N DESC5DS1 2C
CL\DS >E ALW D5SE/ ON ! SIDE ": ! H1T
ESCAPES4 ,? PH5OM5ON IS CALL$ A :IRLW9D
:5 X IS COL\R.S2 & X IS A SORT (
UNDIGE/$ HURRICANE4 ,"! IS N"E A :IRLW9D
:5 ! W1!R IS NOR!RLY1 NOR A HURRICANE :5
"! IS SN[4 ,! R1SON IS T ALL ^! PH5OM5A
>E ,8W9D0'1 & W9D IS A DRY & W>M
EVAPOR,N4 ,N[ FRO/ & COLD PREVAIL OV] ?
PR9CIPLE & QU5* X AT XS BIR?3 T !Y D
PREVAIL IS CLE> OR "! CD 2 NO SN[ OR
NOR!RLY RA91 S9CE ^! O3UR :5 ! COLD DOES
PREVAIL4
  ,S ! :IRLW9D ORIG9ATES 9 ! FAILURE (
AN 9CIPI5T HURRICANE 6ESCAPE F XS CL\D3
X IS DUE 6! RESI/.E : G5]ATES ! $DY1 & X
3SI/S 9 ! SPIRAL : DESC5DS 6! E>? &
DRAGS ) X ! CL\D : X _C %AKE (F4 ,X
MOVES ?+S 0XS W9D 9 ! DIREC;N 9 : X IS
BL[+ 9 A /RAI<T L9E1 & :IRLS R.D 0XS
CIRCUL> MO;N & =CIBLY SNAT*ES UP :AT"E X
MEETS4
  ,:5 ! CL\D BURNS Z X IS DRAWN D[NW>DS1
T IS1 :5 ! EXHAL,N 2COMES R>]1 X IS
CALL$ A FIRE-W9D1 = XS FIRE COL\RS !
NEI<B\R+ AIR & 9FLAMES X4
  ,:5 "! IS A GRT QUANT;Y ( EXHAL,N & X
IS R>E & IS SQUEEZ$ \ 9 ! CL\D XF WE GET
A ?"UBOLT4 ,IF ! EXHAL,N IS EXCE$+LY R>E
? R>E;S PREV5TS ! ?"UBOLT F SCOR*+ &!
POETS CALL X ,8B"R0'3 IF ! R>E;S IS LESS
X DOES SCOR* & !Y CALL X ,8SMOKY0'4 ,!
=M] MOVES RAPIDLY 2C ( XS R>E;S1 & 2C (
XS RAPID;Y PASSES "? AN OBJECT 2F SETT+
FIRE 6X OR DWELL+ ON X S Z 6BLACK5 X3 !
SL[] "O DOES BLACK5 ! OBJECT1 B PASSES
"? X 2F X C ACTU,Y BURN X4 ,FUR!R1
RESI/+ SUB/.ES >E A6ECT$1 UNRESI/+ "OS
>E N4 ,= 9/.E1 X HAS HAPP5$ T ! BRONZE (
A %IELD HAS BE5 MELT$ :ILE ! WOOD"W
REMA9$ 9TACT 2C XS TEXTURE 0 S LOOSE T !
EXHAL,N FILT]$ "? )\T A6ECT+ X4 ,S X HAS
PASS$ "? CLO!S1 TOO1 )\T BURN+ !M1 & HAS
M]ELY REDUC$ !M 6%R$S4
  ,S* EVID;E IS 5 0XF 6%[ T ! EXHAL,N IS
AT "W 9 ALL ^! CASES1 B WE "S"TS GET
DIRECT EVID;E Z WELL1 Z 9 ! CASE (!
3FLAGR,N (! TEMPLE AT ,EPHESUS : WE
LATELY WIT;S$4 ,"! 9DEP5D5T %EETS (
FLAME LEFT ! MA9 FIRE & 7 C>RI$ BODILY 9
_M DIREC;NS4 ,N[ T SMOKE IS EXHAL,N & T
SMOKE BURNS IS C]TA91 & HAS BE5 /AT$ 9
ANO!R PLACE 2F2 B :5 ! FLAME MOVES
BODILY1 !N WE H OCUL> PRO( T SMOKE IS
EXHAL,N4 ,ON ? O3A.N :AT IS SE5 9 SMALL
FIRES APPE>$ ON A M* L>G] SCALE 2C (!
QUANT;Y ( MATT] T 0 BURN+4 ,! B1MS : 7 !
S\RCE (! EXHAL,N SPLIT1 &A QUANT;Y ( X
RU%$ 9 A BODY F ! PLACE F : X ISSU$ =? &
W5T UP 9 A BLAZE3 S T ! FLAME 0 ACTU,Y
SE5 MOV+ "? ! AIR AWAY & FALL+ ON !
H\SES4 ,= WE M/ RECOGNIZE T EXHAL,N
A3OMPANIES & PREC$ES ?"UBOLTS ?\< X IS
COL\R.S & S 9VISI#4 ,H;E1 ": ! ?"UBOLT
IS GO+ 6/RIKE1 ! OBJECT MOVES 2F X IS
/RUCK1 %[+ T ! EXHAL,N L1DS ! WAY &
FALLS ON ! OBJECT F/4 ,?"U1 TOO1 SPLITS
?+S N 0XS NOISE B 2C ! EXHAL,N T /RIKES
! OBJECT & T : MAKES ! NOISE >E EJECT$
SIMULTANE\SLY4 ,? EXHAL,N SPLITS ! ?+ X
/RIKES B DOES N SCOR* X AT ALL4
  ,WE H N[ EXPLA9$ ?"U & LI<TN+ &
HURRICANE1 & FUR!R FIREW9DS1 :IRLW9DS1 &
?"UBOLTS1 & %[N T !Y >E ALL ( !M =MS (!
SAME ?+ & ":9 !Y ALL DI6]4
                   #B
  ,LET U N[ EXPLA9 ! NATURE & CAUSE (
HALO1 RA9B[1 MOCK SUNS1 & RODS1 S9CE !
SAME A3.T APPLIES 6!M ALL4
  ,WE M/ F/ DESCRIBE ! PH5OM5A &!
CIRCUM/.ES 9 : EA* ( !M O3URS4 ,! HALO
(T5 APPE>S Z A -PLETE CIRCLE3 X IS SE5
R.D ! SUN &! MOON & B"R />S1 0NI<T Z
WELL Z 0"D1 & AT MID"D OR 9 ! AFN1 M
R>ELY AB SUNRISE OR SUNSET4
  ,! RA9B[ N"E =MS A FULL CIRCLE1 NOR
ANY SEG;T GRT] ?AN A SEMICIRCLE4 ,AT
SUNSET & SUNRISE ! CIRCLE IS SMALLE/ &!
SEG;T L>GE/3 Z ! SUN RISES HI<] ! CIRCLE
IS L>G] &! SEG;T SMALL]4 ,AF ! AUTUMN
EQUINOX 9 ! %ORT] "DS X IS SE5 AT E H\R
(! "D1 9 ! SUMM] N AB MID"D4 ,"! >E N"E
M ?AN TWO RA9B[S AT "O "T4 ,EA* ( !M IS
?REE-COL\R$2 ! COL\RS >E ! SAME 9 BO? &
_! NUMB] IS ! SAME1 B 9 ! \T] RA9B[ !Y
>E FA9T] & _! POSI;N IS REV]S$4 ,9 ! 9N]
RA9B[ ! F/ & L>GE/ B& IS R$2 9 ! \T]
RA9B[ ! B& T IS NE>E/ 6? "O & SMALLE/ IS
(! SAME COL\R3 ! O!R B&S CORRESPOND ON !
SAME PR9CIPLE4 ,^! >E ALM ! ONLY COL\RS
: PA9T]S _C MANUFACTURE3 = "! >E COL\RS
: !Y CR1TE 0MIX+1 B NO MIX+ W GIVE R$1
GRE51 OR PURPLE4 ,^! >E ! COL\RS (!
RA9B[1 ?\< 2T ! R$ &! GRE5 AN ORANGE
COL\R IS (T5 SE54
  ,MOCK SUNS & RODS >E ALW SE5 0! SIDE (
! SUN1 N ABV OR 2L X NOR 9 ! OPPOSITE
QU>T] (! SKY4 ,!Y >E N SE5 AT NI<T B ALW
9 ! NEI<B\RHOOD (! SUN1 EI Z X IS RIS+
OR SETT+ B M -MONLY T[>DS SUNSET4 ,!Y H
SC>CELY "E APPE>$ :5 ! SUN 0 ON !
M]IDIAN1 ?\< ? ONCE HAPP5$ 9 ,BOSPORUS
": TWO MOCK SUNS ROSE )! SUN & FOLL[$ X
ALL "? ! "D TILL SUNSET4
  ,^! >E ! FACTS AB EA* ( ^! PH5OM5A3 !
CAUSE ( !M ALL IS ! SAME1 = !Y >E ALL
REFLEC;NS4 ,B !Y >E DI6]5T V>IETIES1 &
>E 4T+UI%$ 0! SURFACE F : &! WAY 9 : !
REFLEC;N 6! SUN OR "S O!R B"R OBJECT
TAKES PLACE4
  ,! RA9B[ IS SE5 0"D1 & X 0 =M]LY ?"\ T
X N"E APPE>$ 0NI<T Z A MOON RA9B[4 ,?
OP9ION 0 DUE 6! R>;Y (! O3URR;E3 X 0 N
OBS]V$1 = ?\< X DOES HAPP5 X DOES S
R>ELY4 ,! R1SON IS T ! COL\RS >E N S
EASY 6SEE 9 ! D>K & T _M O!R 3DI;NS M/
CO9CIDE1 & ALL T 9 A S+LE "D 9 ! MON?4
,= IF "! IS 6BE "O X M/ 2 AT FULL MOON1
& !N Z ! MOON IS EI RIS+ OR SETT+4 ,S WE
H ONLY MET ) TWO 9/.ES (A MOON RA9B[ 9 M
?AN FIFTY YE>S4
  ,WE M/ A3EPT F ! !ORY ( OPTICS ! FACT
T SI<T IS REFLECT$ F AIR & ANY OBJECT )A
SMOO? SURFACE J Z X IS F WAT]2 AL T 9 "S
MIRRORS ! =MS ( ?+S >E REFLECT$1 9 O!RS
ONLY _! COL\RS4 ,(! LATT] K9D >E ^?
MIRRORS : >E S SMALL Z 6BE 9DIVISI# =
S5SE4 ,X IS IMPOSSI# T ! FIGURE (A ?+ %D
2 REFLECT$ 9 !M1 = IF X IS ! MIRROR W 2
S5SIBLY DIVISI# S9CE DIVISIBIL;Y IS
9VOLV$ 9 ! NO;N ( FIGURE4 ,B S9CE "S?+
M/ 2 REFLECT$ 9 !M & FIGURE _C BE1 X
REMA9S T COL\R AL"O %D 2 REFLECT$4 ,!
COL\R (A B"R OBJECT "S"TS APPE>S B"R 9 !
REFLEC;N1 B X "S"TS1 EI [+ 6! ADMIXTURE
(! COL\R (! MIRROR OR 6W1K;S ( SI<T1
GIVES RISE 6! APPE>.E ( ANO!R COL\R4
  ,H["E1 WE M/ A3EPT ! A3.T WE H GIV5 (
^! ?+S 9 ! !ORY ( S5S,N1 & TAKE "S ?+S =
GRANT$ :ILE WE EXPLA9 O!RS4

                   #C
  ,LET U 2G9 0EXPLA9+ ! %APE (! HALO2 :Y
X IS A CIRCLE & :Y X APPE>S R.D ! SUN OR
! MOON OR "O (! O!R />S3 ! EXPLAN,N 2+ 9
ALL ^! CASES ! SAME4
  ,SI<T IS REFLECT$ 9 ? WAY :5 AIR &
VAP\R >E 3D5S$ 96A CL\D &! 3D5S$ MATT]
IS UNI=M & 3SI/S ( SMALL "PS4 ,H;E 9 XF
X IS A SIGN ( RA91 B IF X FADES AWAY1 (
F9E W1!R1 IF X IS BROK5 UP1 ( W9D4 ,= IF
X DOES N FADE AWAY & IS N BROK5 UP B IS
ALL[$ 6ATTA9 XS NORMAL /ATE1 X IS
NATUR,Y A SIGN ( RA9 S9CE X %[S T A
PROCESS ( 3D5S,N IS PROCE$+ : M/1 :5 X
IS C>RI$ 6AN 5D1 RESULT 9 RA94 ,=! SAME
R1SON ^! HALOES >E ! D>KE/4 ,X IS A SIGN
( W9D :5 X IS BROK5 UP 2C XS BR1K+ UP IS
DUE 6A W9D : EXI/S "! B HAS N R1*$ U4 ,?
VIEW F9DS SUPPORT 9 ! FACT T ! W9D BL[S
F ! QU>T] 9 : ! MA9 DIVI.N APPE>S 9 !
HALO4 ,XS FAD+ AWAY IS A SIGN ( F9E W1!R
2C IF ! AIR IS N YET 9 A /ATE 6GET !
BETT] (! H1T X 3TA9S & PROCE$ 63D5SE
96WAT]1 ? %[S T ! MOI/ VAP\R HAS N YET
SEP>AT$ F ! DRY & FIRELIKE EXHAL,N3 & ?
IS ! CAUSE ( F9E W1!R4
  ,S M* =! ATMOSPH]IC 3DI;NS "U : !
REFLEC;N TAKES PLACE4 ,! REFLEC;N IS F !
MI/ T =MS R.D ! SUN OR ! MOON1 & T IS :Y
! HALO IS N SE5 OPPOSITE ! SUN L !
RA9B[4
  ,S9CE ! REFLEC;N TAKES PLACE 9 ! SAME
WAY F E PO9T ! RESULT IS NECESS>ILY A
CIRCLE OR A SEG;T (A CIRCLE3 = IF ! L9ES
/>T F ! SAME PO9T & 5D AT ! SAME PO9T &
>E EQUAL1 ! PO9TS ": !Y =M AN ANGLE W
ALW LIE ON A CIRCLE4
  ,LET ,,AGB & ,,AZB & ,,ADB 2 L9ES EA*
( : GOES F ! PO9T ,A 6! PO9T ;,B & =MS
AN ANGLE4 ,LET ! L9ES ;,,AG1 ,,AZ1 ,,AD
2 EQUAL & ^? AT ;,B1 ,,GB1 ,,ZB1 ,,DB
EQUAL TOO4 7,SEE DIAGRAM47
  ,DRAW ! L9E ,,AEB4 ,!N ! TRIANGLES >E
EQUAL2 = _! BASE ,,AEB IS EQUAL4 ,DRAW
P]P5DICUL>S 6,,AEB F ! ANGLES2 ,,GE F
;,G1 ,,ZE F ;,Z1 ,,DE F ,D4 ,!N ^!
P]P5DICUL>S >E EQUAL1 2+ 9 EQUAL
TRIANGLES4 ,& !Y >E ALL 9 "O PLANE1 2+
ALL AT "R ANGLES 6,,AEB & MEET+ AT A
S+LE PO9T ,E4 ,S IF Y DRAW ! L9E X W 2 A
CIRCLE & ;,E XS C5TRE4 ,N[ ;,B IS ! SUN1
;,A ! EYE1 &! CIRCUMF];E PASS+ "? !
PO9TS ,,GZD ! CL\D F : ! L9E ( SI<T IS
REFLECT$ 6! SUN4
  ,! MIRRORS M/ 2 ?"\ ( Z 3TIGU\S3 EA* (
!M IS TOO SMALL 6BE VISI#1 B _! 3TIGU;Y
MAKES ! :OLE MADE UP ( !M ALL 6SEEM "O4
,! B"R B& IS ! SUN1 : IS SE5 Z A CIRCLE1
APPE>+ SU3ESSIVELY 9 EA* (! MIRRORS Z A
PO9T 9DIVISI# 6S5SE4 ,! B& ( CL\D NEXT
6X IS BLACK1 XS COL\R 2+ 9T5SIFI$ 03TRA/
)! B"R;S (! HALO4 ,! HALO IS =M$ R NE> !
E>? 2C T IS CALM]3 = ": "! IS W9D X IS
CLE> T NO HALO C MA9TA9 XS POSI;N4
  ,HALOES >E -MON] R.D ! MOON 2C ! GRT]
H1T (! SUN 4SOLVES ! 3D5S,NS (! AIR M
RAPIDLY4
  ,HALOES >E =M$ R.D />S =! SAME R1SONS1
B !Y >E N PROGNO/IC 9 ! SAME WAY 2C !
3D5S,N !Y IMPLY IS S 9SIGNIFICANT Z 6BE
B>R54

                   #D
  ,WE H ALR /AT$ T ! RA9B[ IS A
REFLEC;N3 WE H N[ 6EXPLA9 :AT SORT (
REFLEC;N X IS1 6DESCRIBE XS V>I\S
3COMITANTS1 & 6ASSIGN _! CAUSES4
  ,SI<T IS REFLECT$ F ALL SMOO?
SURFACES1 S* Z >E AIR & WAT] AM;G O!RS4
,AIR M/ 2 3D5S$ IF X IS 6ACT Z A MIRROR1
?\< X (T5 GIVES A REFLEC;N EV5 UNCOND5S$
:5 ! SI<T IS W1K4 ,S* 0 ! CASE (A MAN ^:
SI<T 0 FA9T & 9DIST9CT4 ,HE ALW SAW AN
IMAGE 9 FRONT ( HM & FAC+ HM Z HE WALK$4
,? 0 2C 8 SI<T 0 REFLECT$ BACK 6HM4 ,XS
MORBID 3DI;N MADE X S W1K & DELICATE T !
AIR CLOSE 0ACT$ Z A MIRROR1 J Z 4TANT &
3D5S$ AIR NORM,Y DOES1 & 8 SI<T CD N PU%
X BACK4 ,S PROMONTORIES 9 ! SEA ,8LOOM0'
:5 "! IS A S\?-EA/ W9D1 & "EY?+ SEEMS
BI7]1 & 9 A MI/1 TOO1 ?+S SEEM BI7]3 S1
TOO1 ! SUN &! />S SEEM BI7] :5 RIS+ &
SETT+ ?AN ON ! M]IDIAN4 ,B ?+S >E BE/
REFLECT$ F WAT]1 & EV5 9 PROCESS ( =M,N
X IS A BETT] MIRROR ?AN AIR1 = EA* (!
"PICLES1 ! UNION ( : 3/ITUTES A RA9DROP1
IS NECESS>ILY A BETT] MIRROR ?AN MI/4
,N[ X IS OBVI\S & HAS ALR BE5 /AT$ T A
MIRROR ( ? K9D R5D]S ! COL\R ( AN OBJECT
ONLY1 B N XS %APE4 ,H;E X FOLL[S T :5 X
IS ON ! PO9T ( RA9+ &! AIR 9 ! CL\DS IS
9 PROCESS ( =M+ 96RA9DROPS B ! RA9 IS N
YET ACTU,Y "!1 IF ! SUN IS OPPOSITE1 OR
ANY O!R OBJECT B"R 5 6MAKE ! CL\D A
MIRROR & CAUSE ! SI<T 6BE REFLECT$ 6!
OBJECT !N ! REFLEC;N M/ R5D] ! COL\R (!
OBJECT )\T XS %APE4 ,S9CE EA* (! MIRRORS
IS S SMALL Z 6BE 9VISI# & :AT WE SEE IS
! 3T9U\S MAGNITUDE MADE UP ( !M ALL1 !
REFLEC;N NECESS>ILY GIVES U A 3T9U\S
MAGNITUDE MADE UP ( "O COL\R2 EA* (!
MIRRORS 3TRIBUT+ ! SAME COL\R 6! :OLE4
,WE MAY DEDUCE T S9CE ^! 3DI;NS >E
R1LIZA# "! W 2 AN APPE>.E DUE 6REFLEC;N
:5"E ! SUN &! CL\D >E RELAT$ 9 ! WAY
DESCRIB$ & WE >E 2T !M4 ,B ^! >E J !
3DI;NS "U : ! RA9B[ APPE>S4 ,S X IS CLE>
T ! RA9B[ IS A REFLEC;N ( SI<T 6! SUN4
  ,S ! RA9B[ ALW APPE>S OPPOSITE ! SUN
":AS ! HALO IS R.D X4 ,!Y >E BO?
REFLEC;NS1 B ! RA9B[ IS 4T+UI%$ 0!
V>IETY ( XS COL\RS4 ,! REFLEC;N 9 ! "O
CASE IS F WAT] : IS D>K & F A 4T.E2 9 !
O!R F AIR : IS NE>] & LI<T] 9 COL\R4
,:ITE LI<T "? A D>K M$IUM OR ON A D>K
SURFACE 7X MAKES NO DI6];E7 LOOKS R$4
,WE "K H[ R$ ! FLAME ( GRE5 WOOD IS3 ?
IS 2C S M* SMOKE IS MIX$ )! B"R :ITE
FIRELI<T3 S1 TOO1 ! SUN APPE>S R$ "?
SMOKE & MI/4 ,T IS :Y 9 ! RA9B[ REFLEC;N
! \T] CIRCUMF];E IS R$ 7! REFLEC;N 2+ F
SMALL "PICLES ( WAT]71 B N 9 ! CASE (!
HALO4 ,! O!R COL\RS % 2 EXPLA9$ LAT]4
,AG1 A 3D5S,N ( ? K9D _C P]SI/ 9 !
NEI<B\RHOOD (! SUN3 X M/ EI TURN 6RA9 OR
2 4SOLV$1 B OPPOSITE 6! SUN "! IS AN
9T]VAL DUR+ : ! WAT] IS =M$4 ,IF "! 7 N
? 4T9C;N HALOES WD 2 COL\R$ L ! RA9B[4
,ACTU,Y NO -PLETE OR CIRCUL> HALO
PRES5TS ? COL\R1 ONLY SMALL & FRAG;T>Y
APPE>.ES CALL$ ,8RODS0'4 ,B IF A HAZE
DUE 6WAT] OR ANY O!R D>K SUB/.E =M$ "!
WE %D H _H1 Z WE MA9TA91 A -PLETE RA9B[
L T : WE D F9D LAMPS4 ,A RA9B[ APPE>S
R.D ^! 9 W9T]1 G5],Y ) S\!RLY W9DS4
,P]SONS ^: EYES >E MOI/ SEE X MO/ CLE>LY
2C _! SI<T IS W1K & EASILY REFLECT$4 ,X
IS DUE 6! MOI/;S (! AIR &! SOOT : !
FLAME GIVES (F & : MIXES )! AIR & MAKES
X A MIRROR1 & 6! BLACK;S : T MIRROR
DERIVES F ! SMOKY NATURE (! SOOT4 ,!
LI<T (! LAMP APPE>S Z A CIRCLE : IS N
:ITE B PURPLE4 ,X %[S ! COL\RS (! RA9B[2
B 2C ! SI<T T IS REFLECT$ IS TOO W1K &!
MIRROR TOO D>K1 R$ IS ABS5T4 ,! RA9B[ T
IS SE5 :5 O>S >E RAIS$ \ (! SEA 9VOLVES
! SAME RELATIVE POSI;NS Z T 9 ! SKY1 B
XS COL\R IS M L T R.D ! LAMPS1 2+ PURPLE
R ?AN R$4 ,! REFLEC;N IS F V SMALL
"PICLES 3T9U\S ) "O ANO!R1 & 9 ? CASE !
"PICLES >E FULLY =M$ WAT]4 ,WE GET A
RA9B[1 TOO1 IF A MAN SPR9KLES F9E DROPS
9 A ROOM TURN$ 6! SUN S T ! SUN IS %9+ 9
"P (! ROOM & ?R[+ A %AD[ 9 ! RE/4 ,!N IF
"O MAN SPR9KLES 9 ! ROOM1 ANO!R1 /&+
\TSIDE1 SEES A RA9B[ ": ! SUN'S RAYS
C1SE & MAKE ! %AD[4 ,XS NATURE & COL\R
IS L T F ! O>S & XS CAUSE IS ! SAME1 =!
SPR9KL+ H& CORRESPONDS 6! O>4
  ,T ! COL\RS (! RA9B[ >E ^? WE DESCRIB$
& H[ ! O!R COL\RS -E 6APPE> 9 X W 2 CLE>
F ! FOLL[+ 3SID],NS4 ,WE M/ RECOGNIZE1 Z
WE H SD1 & LAY D[N3 F/1 T :ITE COL\R ON
A BLACK SURFACE OR SE5 "? A BLACK M$IUM
GIVES R$2 SECOND1 T SI<T :5 /RA9$ 6A
4T.E 2COMES W1K] & LESS2 ?IRD1 T BLACK
IS 9 A SORT ! NEG,N ( SI<T3 AN OBJECT IS
BLACK 2C SI<T FAILS2 S "EY?+ AT A 4T.E
LOOKS BLACK]1 2C SI<T DOES N R1* X4 ,!
!ORY ( ^! MATT]S 2L;GS 6! A3.T (! S5SES1
: >E ! PROP] SUBJECTS ( S* AN 9QUIRY2 WE
NE$ ONLY /ATE AB !M :AT IS NEC = U4 ,AT
ALL EV5TS1 T IS ! R1SON :Y 4TANT OBJECTS
& OBJECTS SE5 9 A MIRROR LOOK D>K] &
SMALL] & SMOO!R1 :Y ! REFLEC;N ( CL\DS 9
WAT] IS D>K] ?AN ! CL\DS !MVS4 ,? LATT]
IS CLE>LY ! CASE3 ! REFLEC;N DIM9I%ES !
SI<T T R1*ES !M4 ,X MAKES NO DI6];E :E!R
! *ANGE IS 9 ! OBJECT SE5 OR4 9 ! SI<T1
! RESULT 2+ 9 EI CASE ! SAME4 ,! FOLL[+
FACT FUR!R IS WOR? NOTIC+4 ,:5 "! IS A
CL\D NE> ! SUN & WE LOOK AT X DOES N
LOOK COL\R$ AT ALL B :ITE1 B :5 WE LOOK
AT ! SAME CL\D 9 WAT] X %[S A TRACE (
RA9B[ COL\R+4 ,CLE>LY1 !N1 :5 SI<T IS
REFLECT$ X IS W1K5$ &1 Z X MAKES D>K
LOOK D>K]1 S X MAKES :ITE LOOK LESS
:ITE1 *ANG+ X & BR++ X NE>] 6BLACK4 ,:5
! SI<T IS RELATIVELY /R;G ! *ANGE IS
6R$2 ! NEXT /AGE IS GRE51 &A FUR!R
DEGREE ( W1K;S GIVES VIOLET4 ,NO FUR!R
*ANGE IS VISI#1 B ?REE -PLETES ! S]IES (
COL\RS 7Z WE F9D ?REE DOES 9 MO/ O!R
?+S71 &! *ANGE 96! RE/ IS IMP]CEPTI#
6S5SE4 ,H;E AL ! RA9B[ APPE>S ) ?REE
COL\RS2 ? IS TRUE ( EA* (! TWO1 B 9 A
3TR>Y WAY4 ,! \T] B& (! PRIM>Y RA9B[ IS
R$3 =! L>GE/ B& REFLECTS MO/ SI<T 6!
SUN1 &! \T] B& IS L>GE/4 ,! MI4LE B& &!
?IRD G ON ! SAME PR9CIPLE4 ,S IF !
PR9CIPLES WE LAID D[N AB ! APPE>.E (
COL\RS >E TRUE ! RA9B[ NECESS>ILY HAS
?REE COL\RS1 & ^! ?REE & NO O!RS4 ,!
APPE>.E ( YELL[ IS DUE 63TRA/1 =! R$ IS
:IT5$ 0XS JUXTAPOSI;N ) GRE54 ,WE C SEE
? F ! FACT T ! RA9B[ IS PURE/ :5 ! CL\D
IS BLACKE/2 & !N ! R$ %[S MO/ YELL[4
7,YELL[ 9 ! RA9B[ -ES 2T R$ & GRE547 ,S
! :OLE (! R$ %[S :ITE 03TRA/ )! BLACK;S
(! CL\D >.D3 = X IS :ITE -P>$ 6! CL\D &!
GRE54 ,AG1 :5 ! RA9B[ IS FAD+ AWAY &! R$
IS 4SOLV+1 ! :ITE CL\D IS BR"\ 963TACT )
! GRE5 & 2COMES YELL[4 ,B ! MOON RA9B[
AF=DS ! BE/ 9/.E ( ? COL\R 3TRA/4 ,X
LOOKS Q :ITE3 ? IS 2C X APPE>S ON ! D>K
CL\D & AT NI<T4 ,S1 J Z FIRE IS 9T5SIFI$
0A4$ FIRE1 BLACK 2S BLACK MAKES T : IS 9
"S DEGREE :ITE LOOK Q :ITE4 ,B"R DYES
TOO %[ ! E6ECT ( 3TRA/4 ,9 WOV5 &
EMBROID]$ /U6S ! APPE>.E ( COL\RS IS
PROF.DLY A6ECT$ 0_! JUXTAPOSI;N ) "O
ANO!R 7PURPLE1 = 9/.E1 APPE>S DI6]5T ON
:ITE & ON BLACK WOOL71 & AL 0DI6];ES (
ILLUM9,N4 ,?US EMBROID]]S SAY T !Y (T5
MAKE MISTAKES 9 _! COL\RS :5 !Y "W
0LAMPLI<T1 & USE ! WR;G "OS4
  ,WE H N[ %[N :Y ! RA9B[ HAS ?REE
COL\RS & T ^! >E XS ONLY COL\RS4 ,! SAME
CAUSE EXPLA9S ! D\# RA9B[ &! FA9T;S (!
COL\RS 9 ! \T] "O & _! 9V]T$ ORD]4 ,:5
SI<T IS /RA9$ 6A GRT 4T.E ! APPE>.E (!
4TANT OBJECT IS A6ECT$ 9 A C]TA9 WAY3 &!
SAME ?+ HOLDS GD "H4 ,S ! REFLEC;N F !
\T] RA9B[ IS W1K] 2C X TAKES PLACE F A
GRT] 4T.E & LESS ( X R1*ES ! SUN1 & S !
COL\RS SE5 >E FA9T]4 ,_! ORD] IS REV]S$
2C M REFLEC;N R1*ES ! SUN F ! SMALL]1
9N] B&4 ,= T REFLEC;N IS NE>] 6\R SI<T :
IS REFLECT$ F ! B& : IS NE>E/ 6! PRIM>Y
RA9B[4 ,N[ ! SMALLE/ B& 9 ! \T] RA9B[ IS
T : IS NE>E/1 & S X W 2 R$2 &! SECOND &!
?IRD W FOLL[ ! SAME PR9CIPLE4 ,LET ;,B 2
! \T] RA9B[1 ;,A ! 9N] "O2 LET ;,R /& =!
R$ COL\R1 ;,G = GRE51 ;,V = VIOLET2
YELL[ APPE>S AT ! PO9T ,Y4 ,?REE RA9B[S
OR M >E N F.D 2C EV5 ! SECOND IS FA9T]1
S T ! ?IRD REFLEC;N C H NO /R5G? :AT"E &
_C R1* ! SUN AT ALL4 7,SEE DIAGRAM47
                   #E
  ,! RA9B[ C N"E 2 A CIRCLE NOR A SEG;T
(A CIRCLE GRT] ?AN A SEMICIRCLE4 ,!
3SID],N (! DIAGRAM W PROVE ? &! O!R
PROP]TIES (! RA9B[4 7,SEE DIAGRAM47
  ,LET ,A 2 A HEMISPH]E RE/+ ON ! CIRCLE
(! HORIZON1 LET XS C5TRE 2 ;,K & LET ;,H
2 ANO!R PO9T APPE>+ ON ! HORIZON4 ,!N1
IF ! L9ES T FALL 9 A C"O F ;,K H ,,HK Z
_! AXIS1 &1 ;,K & ;,M 2+ JO9$1 ! L9ES
,,KM >E REFLECT$ F ! HEMISPH]E TO ;,H
OV] ! GRT] ANGLE1 ! L9ES F ;,K W FALL ON
! CIRCUMF];E (A CIRCLE4 ,IF ! REFLEC;N
TAKES PLACE :5 ! LUM9\S BODY IS RIS+ OR
SETT+ ! SEG;T (! CIRCLE ABV ! E>? : IS
CUT (F 0! HORIZON W 2 A SEMI-CIRCLE2 IF
! LUM9\S BODY IS ABV ! HORIZON X W ALW 2
LESS ?AN A SEMICIRCLE1 & X W 2 SMALLE/
:5 ! LUM9\S BODY CULM9ATES4 ,F/ LET !
LUM9\S BODY 2 APPE>+ ON ! HORIZON AT !
PO9T ;,H1 & LET ,,KM 2 REFLECT$ TO ;,H1
& LET ! PLANE 9 : ,A IS1 DET]M9$ 0!
TRIANGLE ,,HKM1 2 PRODUC$4 ,!N ! SEC;N (
! SPH]E W 2 A GRT CIRCLE4 ,LET X 2 ,A 7=
X MAKES NO DI6];E : (! PLANES PASS+ "? !
L9E ,,HK & DET]M9$ 0! TRIANGLE ,,KMH IS
PRODUC$74 ,N[ ! L9ES DRAWN F ;,H & ;,K
6A PO9T ON ! SEMICIRCLE ,A >E 9 A C]TA9
RATIO 6"O ANO!R1 & NO L9ES DRAWN F !
SAME PO9TS 6ANO!R PO9T ON T SEMICIRCLE C
H ! SAME RATIO4 ,= S9CE BO? ! PO9TS ;,H
& ;,K &! L9E ,,KH >E GIV51 ! L9E ,,MH W
2 GIV5 TOO2 3SEQU5TLY ! RATIO (! L9E
,,MH 6! L9E ,,MK W 2 GIV5 TOO4 ,S ;,M W
T\* A GIV5 CIRCUMF];E4 ,LET ? 2 ,,NM4
,!N ! 9T]SEC;N (! CIRCUMF];ES IS GIV51 &
! SAME RATIO _C HOLD 2T L9ES 9 ! SAME
PLANE DRAWN F ! SAME PO9TS 6ANY O!R
CIRCUMF];E B ,,MN4
  ,DRAW A L9E ,,DB \TSIDE (! FIGURE &
DIVIDE X S T ;,D3,B .K ,,MH3,,MK4 ,B
,,MH IS GRT] ?AN ,,MK S9CE ! REFLEC;N (!
C"O IS OV] ! GRT] ANGLE 7= X SUBT5DS !
GRT] ANGLE (! TRIANGLE ,,KMH74 ,"!=E ;,D
IS GRT] ?AN ,B4 ,!N ADD TO ;,B A L9E ;,Z
S* T ;,B@+;,Z3,D .K ;,D3,B4 ,!N MAKE
ANO!R L9E HAV+ ! SAME RATIO TO ;,B Z
,,KH HAS TO ;,Z1 & JO9 ,,MI4
  ,!N ,I IS ! POLE (! CIRCLE ON : ! L9ES
F ;,K FALL4 ,=! RATIO ( ;,D 6,,IM IS !
SAME Z T ( ;,Z 6,,KH &( ;,B 6,,KI4 ,IF
N1 LET ;,D 2 9 ! SAME RATIO 6A L9E
9DI6]5TLY LESS] OR GRT] ?AN ,,IM1 & LET
? L9E 2 ,,IP4 ,!N ,,HK & ,,KI & ,,IP W H
! SAME RATIOS 6"O ANO!R Z ;,Z1 ;,B1 &
,D4 ,B ! RATIOS 2T ;,Z1 ;,B1 & ;,D 7 S*
T ;,Z@+;,B3,D .K ;,D3 ,B4 ,"!=E
,,IH3,,IP .K ,,IP3,,IK4 ,N[1 IF ! PO9TS
;,K1 ;,H 2 JO9$ )! PO9T ;,P 0! L9ES
,,HP1 ,,KP1 ^! L9ES W 2 6"O ANO!R Z ,,IH
IS 6,,IP1 =! SIDES (! TRIANGLES ,,HIP1
,,KPI AB ! ANGLE ,I >E HOMOLOG\S4 ,"!=E1
,,HP TOO W 2 6,,KP Z ,,HI IS 6,,IP4 ,B ?
IS AL ! RATIO ( ,,MH 6,,MK1 =! RATIO BO?
( ,,HI 6,,IP &( ,,MH 6,,MK IS ! SAME Z T
( ;,D TO ;,B4 ,"!=E1 F ! PO9TS ;,H1 ;,K
"! W H BE5 DRAWN L9ES )! SAME RATIO 6"O
ANO!R1 N ONLY 6! CIRCUMF];E ,,MN B
6ANO!R PO9T Z WELL1 : IS IMPOSSI#4 ,S9CE
!N ;,D _C BE> T RATIO 6ANY L9E EI LESS]
OR GRT] ?AN ,,IM 7! PRO( 2+ 9 EI CASE !
SAME71 X FOLL[S T X M/ /& 9 T RATIO
6,,MI XF4 ,"!=E Z ,,MI IS 6,,IK S ,,IH W
2 6,,MI & F9,Y ,,MH 6,,MK4
  ,IF1 !N1 A CIRCLE 2 DESCRIB$ ) ,I Z
POLE AT ! 4T.E ,,MI X W T\* ALL ! ANGLES
: ! L9ES F ;,H & ;,K MAKE 0_! REFLEC;N4
,IF N1 X C 2 %[N1 Z 2F1 T L9ES DRAWN
6DI6]5T PO9TS 9 ! SEMICIRCLE W H ! SAME
RATIO 6"O ANO!R1 : 0 IMPOSSI#4 ,IF1 !N1
! SEMICIRCLE ,A 2 REVOLV$ AB ! DIAMET]
,,HKI1 ! L9ES REFLECT$ F ! PO9TS ;,H1
;,K AT ! PO9T ;,M W H ! SAME RATIO1 & W
MAKE ! ANGLE ,,KMH EQUAL1 9 E PLANE4
,FUR!R1 ! ANGLE : ;,,HM & ,,MI MAKE )
,,HI W ALW 2 ! SAME4 ,S "! >E A NUMB] (
TRIANGLES ON ,,HI & ,,KI EQUAL 6!
TRIANGLES ,,HMI & ,,KMI4 ,_! P]P5DICUL>S
W FALL ON ,,HI AT ! SAME PO9T & W 2
EQUAL4 ,LET ,O 2 ! PO9T ON : !Y FALL4
,!N ,O IS ! C5TRE (! CIRCLE1 HALF ( :1
,,MN1 IS CUT (F 0! HORIZON4 7,SEE
DIAGRAM47
  ,NEXT LET ! HORIZON 2 ,,ABG B LET ;,H
H RIS5 ABV ! HORIZON4 ,LET ! AXIS N[ 2
,,HI4 ,! PRO( W 2 ! SAME =! RE/ Z 2F1 B
! POLE ,I (! CIRCLE W 2 2L ! HORIZON
;,,AG S9CE ! PO9T ;,H HAS RIS5 ABV !
HORIZON4 ,B ! POLE1 &! C5TRE (! CIRCLE1
&! C5TRE ( T CIRCLE 7"NLY ,,HI7 : N[
DET]M9ES ! POSI;N (! SUN >E ON ! SAME
L9E4 ,B S9CE ,,KH LIES ABV ! DIAMET]
;,,AG1 ! C5TRE W 2 AT ,O ON ! L9E ,,KI
2L ! PLANE (! CIRCLE ;,,AG DET]M9$ !
POSI;N (! SUN 2F4 ,S ! SEG;T ,,YX : IS
ABV ! HORIZON W 2 LESS ?AN A SEMICIRCLE4
,= ,,YXM 0 A SEMICIRCLE & X HAS N[ BE5
CUT (F 0! HORIZON ;,,AG4 ,S "P ( X1
,,YM1 W 2 9VISI# :5 ! SUN HAS RIS5 ABV !
HORIZON1 &! SEG;T VISI# W 2 SMALLE/ :5 !
SUN IS ON ! M]IDIAN2 =! HI<] ;,H IS !
L[] ! POLE &! C5TRE (! CIRCLE W BE4
  ,9 ! %ORT] "DS AF ! AUTUMN EQUINOX "!
MAY 2 A RA9B[ AT ANY "T (! "D1 B 9 !
L;G] "DS F ! SPR+ 6! AUTUMN EQUINOX "!
_C 2 A RA9B[ AB MID"D4 ,! R1SON = ? IS T
:5 ! SUN IS NOR? (! EQUATOR ! VISI# >CS
( XS C\RSE >E ALL GRT] ?AN A SEMICIRCLE1
& G ON 9CR1S+1 :ILE ! 9VISI# >C IS
SMALL1 B :5 ! SUN IS S\? (! EQUATOR !
VISI# >C IS SMALL &! 9VISI# >C GRT1 &!
F>!R ! SUN MOVES S\? (! EQUATOR ! GRT]
IS ! 9VISI# >C4 ,3SEQU5TLY1 9 ! "DS NE>
! SUMM] SOL/ICE1 ! SIZE (! VISI# >C IS
S* T 2F ! PO9T ;,H R1*ES ! MI4LE ( T >C1
T IS XS PO9T ( CULM9,N1 ! PO9T IS WELL
2L ! HORIZON2 ! R1SON = ? 2+ ! GRT SIZE
(! VISI# >C1 &! 3SEQU5T 4T.E (! PO9T (
CULM9,N F ! E>?4 ,B 9 ! "DS NE> ! W9T]
SOL/ICE ! VISI# >CS >E SMALL1 &! 3TR>Y
IS NECESS>ILY ! CASE3 =! SUN IS ON !
M]IDIAN 2F ! PO9T ;,H HAS RIS5 F>4

                   #F
  ,MOCK SUNS1 & RODS TOO1 >E DUE 6!
CAUSES WE H DESCRIB$4 ,A MOCK SUN IS
CAUS$ 0! REFLEC;N ( SI<T 6! SUN4 ,RODS
>E SE5 :5 SI<T R1*ES ! SUN "U CIRCUM/.ES
L ^? : WE DESCRIB$1 :5 "! >E CL\DS NE> !
SUN & SI<T IS REFLECT$ F "S LIQUID
SURFACE 6! CL\D4 ,"H ! CL\DS !MVS >E
COL\R.S :5 Y LOOK AT !M DIRECTLY1 B 9 !
WAT] !Y >E FULL ( RODS4 ,! ONLY DI6];E
IS T 9 ? LATT] CASE ! COL\R (! CL\D
SEEMS 6RESIDE 9 ! WAT]1 B 9 ! CASE (
RODS ON ! CL\D XF4 ,RODS APPE> :5 !
-POSI;N (! CL\D IS UNEV51 D5SE 9 "P & 9
"P R>E1 & M & LESS WAT]Y 9 DI6]5T "PS4
,!N ! SI<T IS REFLECT$ 6! SUN3 ! MIRRORS
>E TOO SMALL =! %APE (! SUN 6APPE>1 B1 !
B"R :ITE LI<T (! SUN1 6: ! SI<T IS
REFLECT$1 2+ SE5 ON ! UNEV5 MIRROR1 XS
COL\R APPE>S "PLY R$1 "PLY GRE5 OR
YELL[4 ,X MAKES NO DI6];E :E!R SI<T
PASSES "? OR IS REFLECT$ F A M$IUM ( T
K9D2 ! COL\R IS ! SAME 9 BO? CASES2 IF X
IS R$ 9 ! F/ CASE X M/ 2 ! SAME 9 ! O!R4
  ,RODS !N >E O3A.N$ 0! UNEV5;S (!
MIRROR-Z REG>DS COL\R1 N =M4 ,! MOCK
SUN1 ON ! 3TR>Y1 APPE>S :5 ! AIR IS V
UNI=M1 &(! SAME D5S;Y "?\T4 ,? IS :Y X
IS :ITE3 ! UNI=M "* (! MIRROR GIVES !
REFLEC;N 9 X A S+LE COL\R1 :ILE ! FACT T
! SI<T IS REFLECT$ 9 A BODY & IS ?R[N ON
! SUN ALL TGR 0! MI/1 : IS D5SE & WAT]Y
?\< N YET Q WAT]1 CAUSES ! SUN'S TRUE
COL\R 6APPE> J Z X DOES :5 ! REFLEC;N IS
F ! D5SE1 SMOO? SURFACE ( COPP]4 ,S !
SUN'S COL\R 2+ :ITE1 ! MOCK SUN IS :ITE
TOO4 ,?1 TOO1 IS ! R1SON :Y ! MOCK SUN
IS A SUR] SIGN ( RA9 ?AN ! RODS2 X
9DICATES1 M ?AN !Y D1 T ! AIR IS RIPE =!
PRODUC;N ( WAT]4 ,FUR!R A MOCK SUN 6!
S\? IS A SUR] SIGN ( RA9 ?AN "O 6! NOR?1
=! AIR 9 ! S\? IS R1DI] 6TURN 96WAT] ?AN
T 9 ! NOR?4
  ,MOCK SUNS & RODS >E F.D1 Z WE /AT$1
AB SUNSET & SUNRISE1 N ABV ! SUN NOR 2L
X1 B 2S X4 ,!Y >E N F.D V CLOSE 6! SUN1
NOR V F> F X1 =! SUN 4SOLVES ! CL\D IF X
IS NE>1 B IF X IS F> (F ! REFLEC;N _C
TAKE PLACE1 S9CE SI<T W1K5S :5 X IS
REFLECT$ F A SMALL MIRROR 6A V 4TANT
OBJECT4 7,? IS :Y A HALO IS N"E F.D
OPPOSITE 6! SUN47 ,IF ! CL\D IS ABV !
SUN & CLOSE 6X ! SUN W 4SOLVE X2 IF X IS
ABV ! SUN B AT A 4T.E ! SI<T IS TOO W1K
=! REFLEC;N 6TAKE PLACE1 & S X W N R1* !
SUN4 ,B AT ! SIDE (! SUN1 X IS POSSI# =!
MIRROR 6BE AT S* AN 9T]VAL T ! SUN DOES
N 4SOLVE ! CL\D1 & YET SI<T R1*ES X
UNDIM9I%$ 2C X MOVES CLOSE 6! E>? & IS N
4SIPAT$ 9 ! IMM5S;Y ( SPACE4 ,X _C
SUBSI/ 2L ! SUN 2C CLOSE 6! E>? ! SUN'S
RAYS WD 4SOLVE X1 B IF X 7 HI< UP &! SUN
9 ! MI4LE (! H1V5S1 SI<T WD 2 4SIPAT$4
,9DE$1 EV5 0! SIDE (! SUN1 X IS N F.D :5
! SUN IS 9 ! MI4LE (! SKY1 = !N ! L9E (
VI.N IS N CLOSE 6! E>?1 & S B LL SI<T
R1*ES ! MIRROR &! REFLEC;N F X IS ALT
FEE#4
  ,"S A3.T HAS N[ BE5 GIV5 (! E6ECTS (!
SECRE;N ABV ! SURFACE (! E>?2 WE M/ G ON
6DESCRIBE XS OP],NS 2L1 :5 X IS %UT UP 9
! "PS (! E>?4
  ,J Z XS TWOFOLD NATURE GIVES RISE
6V>I\S E6ECTS 9 ! UPP] REGION1 S "H X
CAUSES TWO V>IETIES ( BODIES4 ,WE MA9TA9
T "! >E TWO EXHAL,NS1 "O VAPOR\S ! O!R
SMOKY1 & "! CORRESPOND TWO K9DS ( BODIES
T ORIG9ATE 9 ! E>?1 ,8FOSSILES0' &
METALS4 ,! H1T (! DRY EXHAL,N IS ! CAUSE
( ALL ,8FOSSILES0'4 ,S* >E ! K9DS ( /"OS
T _C 2 MELT$1 & R1LG>1 & O*RE1 & RU4LE1
& SULPHUR1 &! O!R ?+S ( T K9D1 MO/
,8FOSSILES0' 2+ EI COL\R$ LYE OR1 L
C9NAB>1 A /"O -P.D$ ( X4 ,! VAPOR\S
EXHAL,N IS ! CAUSE ( ALL METALS1 ^?
BODIES : >E EI FUSI# OR MALLEA# S* Z
IRON1 COPP]1 GOLD4 ,ALL ^! ORIG9ATE F !
IMPRISON;T (! VAPOR\S EXHAL,N 9 ! E>?1 &
ESPECI,Y 9 /"OS4 ,_! DRY;S -PRESSES X1 &
X 3G1LS J Z DEW OR HO>-FRO/ DOES :5 X
HAS BE5 SEP>AT$ (F1 ?\< 9 ! PRES5T CASE
! METALS >E G5]AT$ 2F T SEGREG,N O3URS4
,H;E1 !Y >E WAT] 9 A S5SE1 & 9 A S5SE N4
,_! MATT] 0 T : MI<T H 2COME WAT]1 B X C
NO L;G] D S3 NOR >E !Y1 L SAV\RS1 DUE 6A
QUALITATIVE *ANGE 9 ACTUAL WAT]4 ,COPP]
& GOLD >E N =M$ L T1 B 9 E CASE !
EVAPOR,N 3G1L$ 2F WAT] 0 =M$4 ,H;E1 !Y
ALL 7EXCEPT GOLD7 >E A6ECT$ 0FIRE1 & !Y
POSSESS AN ADMIXTURE ( E>?2 = !Y / 3TA9
! DRY EXHAL,N4
  ,? IS ! G5]AL !ORY ( ALL ^! BODIES1 B
WE M/ TAKE UP EA* K9D ( !M & 4CUSS X
SEP>ATELY4
               ,BOOK ,,IV
                   #A
  ,,WE H EXPLA9$ T ! QUALITIES T 3/ITUTE
! ELE;TS >E F\R1 & T _! -B9,NS DET]M9E !
NUMB] (! ELE;TS 6BE F\R4
  ,TWO (! QUALITIES1 ! HOT &! COLD1 >E
ACTIVE2 TWO1 ! DRY &! MOI/1 PASSIVE4 ,WE
C SATISFY \RVS ( ? 0LOOK+ AT 9/.ES4 ,9 E
CASE H1T & COLD DET]M9E1 3JO91 & *ANGE
?+S (! SAME K9D & ?+S ( DI6]5T K9DS1
MOI/5+1 DRY+1 H>D5+1 & S(T5+ !M4 ,?+S
DRY & MOI/1 ON ! O!R H&1 BO? 9 ISOL,N &
:5 PRES5T TGR 9 ! SAME BODY >E !
SUBJECTS ( T DET]M9,N &(! O!R A6EC;NS
ENUM]AT$4 ,! A3.T WE GIVE (! QUALITIES
:5 WE DEF9E _! "* %[S ? TOO4 ,HOT & COLD
WE DESCRIBE Z ACTIVE1 = ,83GREGAT+0' IS
ESS5TI,Y A SPECIES ( ,82+ ACTIVE0'3 MOI/
& DRY >E PASSIVE1 = X IS 9 VIRTUE ( XS
2+ ACT$ ^U 9 A C]TA9 WAY T A ?+ IS SD
6BE ,8EASY 6DET]M9E0' OR ,8DI6ICULT
6DET]M9E0'4 ,S X IS CLE> T "S (!
QUALITIES >E ACTIVE & "S PASSIVE4
  ,NEXT WE M/ DESCRIBE ! OP],NS (!
ACTIVE QUALITIES &! =MS TAK5 0! PASSIVE4
,F/ ( ALL1 TRUE 2COM+1 T IS1 NATURAL
*ANGE1 IS ALW ! "W ( ^! P[]S & S IS !
CORRESPOND+ NATURAL DE/RUC;N2 & ? 2COM+
& ? DE/RUC;N >E F.D 9 PLANTS & ANIMALS &
_! "PS4 ,TRUE NATURAL 2COM+ IS A *ANGE
9TRODUC$ 0^! P[]S 96! MATT] "ULY+ A GIV5
?+ :5 !Y >E 9 A C]TA9 RATIO 6T MATT]1 :
IS ! PASSIVE QUALITIES WE H M5;N$4 ,:5 !
HOT &! COLD >E MA/]S (! MATT] !Y G5]ATE
A ?+3 IF !Y >E N1 &! FAILURE IS "PIAL1 !
OBJECT IS IMP]FECTLY BOIL$ OR O!RWISE
UNCONCOCT$4 ,B ! /RICTE/ G5]AL OPPOSITE
( TRUE 2COM+ IS PUTREFAC;N4 ,ALL NATURAL
DE/RUC;N IS ON ! WAY 6X1 Z >E1 = 9/.E1
GR[+ OLD OR GR[+ DRY4 ,PUTRESC;E IS ! 5D
( ALL ^! ?+S1 T IS ( ALL NATURAL
OBJECTS1 EXCEPT S* Z >E DE/ROY$ 0VIOL;E3
Y C BURN1 = 9/.E1 FLE%1 B"O1 OR ANY?+
ELSE1 B ! NATURAL C\RSE ( _! DE/RUC;N
5DS 9 PUTREFAC;N4 ,H;E ?+S T PUTREFY 2G9
02+ MOI/ & 5D 02+ DRY4 ,=! MOI/ &! DRY 7
_! MATT]1 &! OP],N (! ACTIVE QUALITIES
CAUS$ ! DRY 6BE DET]M9$ 0! MOI/4
  ,DE/RUC;N SUP]V5ES :5 ! DET]M9$ GETS !
BETT] (! DET]M9+ 0! HELP (! 5VIRON;T
7?\< 9 A SPECIAL S5SE ! ^W PUTREFAC;N IS
APPLI$ 6"PIAL DE/RUC;N1 :5 A ?+'S NATURE
IS P]V]T$74 ,H;E "EY?+1 EXCEPT FIRE1 IS
LIA# 6PUTREFY2 = E>?1 WAT]1 & AIR
PUTREFY1 2+ ALL ( !M MATT] RELATIVELY
6FIRE4 ,! DEF9I;N ( PUTREFAC;N IS3 !
DE/RUC;N (! PECULI> & NATURAL H1T 9 ANY
MOI/ SUBJECT 0EXT]NAL H1T1 T IS1 0! H1T
(! 5VIRON;T4 ,S S9CE LACK ( H1T IS !
GR.D ( ? A6EC;N & "EY?+ 9 Z F> Z X LACKS
H1T IS COLD1 BO? H1T & COLD W 2 ! CAUSES
( PUTREFAC;N1 : W 2 DUE 9DI6]5TLY 6COLD
9 ! PUTREFY+ SUBJECT OR 6H1T 9 !
5VIRON;T4
  ,? EXPLA9S :Y "EY?+ T PUTREFIES GR[S
DRI] & 5DS 02COM+ E>? OR DUNG4 ,!
SUBJECT'S [N H1T DE"PS & CAUSES !
NATURAL MOI/URE 6EVAPORATE ) X1 & !N "!
IS NO?+ LEFT 6DRAW 9 MOI/URE1 = X IS A
?+'S PECULI> H1T T ATTRACTS MOI/URE &
DRAWS X IN4 ,AG1 PUTREFAC;N TAKES PLACE
LESS 9 COLD T 9 HOT S1SONS1 = 9 W9T] !
SURR.D+ AIR & WAT] 3TA9 B LL H1T & X HAS
NO P[]1 B 9 SUMM] "! IS M4 ,AG1 :AT IS
FROZ5 DOES N PUTREFY1 = XS COLD IS GRT]
T ! H1T (! AIR & S IS N MA/]$1 ":AS :AT
A6ECTS A ?+ DOES MA/] X4 ,NOR DOES T :
IS BOIL+ OR HOT PUTREFY1 =! H1T 9 ! AIR
2+ LESS ?AN T 9 ! OBJECT DOES N PREVAIL
OV] X OR SET UP ANY *ANGE4 ,S TOO ANY?+
T IS FL[+ OR 9 MO;N IS LESS APT 6PUTREFY
?AN A ?+ AT RE/1 =! MO;N SET UP 0! H1T 9
! AIR IS W1K] ?AN T PRE-EXI/+ 9 !
OBJECT1 & S X CAUSES NO *ANGE4 ,=! SAME
R1SON A GRT QUANT;Y (A ?+ PUTREFIES LESS
R1DILY ?AN A LL1 =! GRT] QUANT;Y 3TA9S
TOO M* PROP] FIRE & COLD =! CORRESPOND+
QUALITIES 9 ! 5VIRON;T 6GET ! BETT] (4
,H;E1 ! SEA PUTREFIES QKLY :5 BROK5 UP
96"PS1 B N Z A :OLE2 & ALL O!R WAT]S
LIKEWISE4 ,ANIMALS TOO >E G5]AT$ 9
PUTREFY+ BODIES1 2C ! H1T T HAS BE5
SECRET$1 2+ NATURAL1 ORGANIZES ! "PICLES
SECRET$ ) X4
  ,S M* =! NATURE ( 2COM+ &( DE/RUC;N4
                   #B
  ,WE M/ N[ DESCRIBE ! NEXT K9DS (
PROCESSES : ! QUALITIES ALR M5;N$ SET UP
9 ACTU,Y EXI/+ NATURAL OBJECTS Z MATT]4
  ,( ^! 3COC;N IS DUE 6H1T2 XS SPECIES
>E RIP5+1 BOIL+1 BROIL+4 ,9CONCOC;N IS
DUE 6COLD & XS SPECIES >E RAW;S1
IMP]FECT BOIL+1 IMP]FECT BROIL+4 7,WE M/
RECOGNIZE T ! ?+S >E N PROP]LY DENOT$
0^! ^WS3 ! V>I\S CLASSES ( SIMIL>
OBJECTS H NO "NS UNIV]S,Y APPLICA# 6!M2
3SEQU5TLY WE M/ ?9K (! SPECIES ENUM]AT$
Z 2+ N :AT ^? ^WS DENOTE B "S?+ L X47
,LET U SAY :AT EA* ( !M IS4 ,3COC;N IS A
PROCESS 9 : ! NATURAL & PROP] H1T ( AN
OBJECT P]FECTS ! CORRESPOND+ PASSIVE
QUALITIES1 : >E ! PROP] MATT] ( ANY GIV5
OBJECT4 ,= :5 3COC;N HAS TAK5 PLACE WE
SAY T A ?+ HAS BE5 P]FECT$ & HAS -E 6BE
XF4 ,X IS ! PROP] H1T (A ?+ T SETS UP ?
P]FECT+1 ?\< EXT]NAL 9FLU;ES MAY
3TRIBUTE 9 "S DEGREES 6XS FULFIL;T4
,BA?S1 = 9/.E1 & O!R ?+S (! K9D 3TRIBUTE
6! DIGES;N ( FOOD1 B ! PRIM>Y CAUSE IS !
PROP] H1T (! BODY4 ,9 "S CASES ( 3COC;N
! 5D (! PROCESS IS ! NATURE (! ?+-
NATURE1 T IS1 9 ! S5SE (! =MAL CAUSE &
ESS;E4 ,9 O!R CASES X L1DS 6"S
PRESUPPOS$ /ATE : IS ATTA9$ :5 ! MOI/URE
HAS ACQUIR$ C]TA9 PROP]TIES OR A C]TA9
MAGNITUDE 9 ! PROCESS ( 2+ BROIL$ OR
BOIL$ OR ( PUTREFY+1 OR H["E ELSE X IS
2+ H1T$4 ,? /ATE IS ! 5D1 = :5 X HAS BE5
R1*$ ! ?+ HAS "S USE & WE SAY T 3COC;N
HAS TAK5 PLACE4 ,M/ IS AN 9/.E ( ?1 &!
MATT] 9 BOILS :5 X 2COMES PURUL5T1 &
TE>S :5 !Y 2COME RHEUM1 & S )! RE/4
  ,3COC;N 5SUES :5"E ! MATT]1 ! MOI/URE1
IS MA/]$4 ,=! MATT] IS :AT IS DET]M9$ 0!
H1T 3NATURAL 6! OBJECT1 & Z L;G Z !
RATIO 2T !M EXI/S 9 X A ?+ MA9TA9S XS
NATURE4 ,H;E ?+S L ! LIQUID & SOLID
EXCRETA & EJECTA 9 G5]AL >E SIGNS (
H1L?1 & 3COC;N IS SD 6H TAK5 PLACE 9 !M1
= !Y %[ T ! PROP] H1T HAS GOT ! BETT] (!
9DET]M9ATE MATT]4
  ,?+S T "UGO A PROCESS ( 3COC;N
NECESS>ILY 2COME ?ICK] & HOTT]1 =! AC;N
( H1T IS 6MAKE ?+S M -PACT1 ?ICK]1 &
DRI]4
  ,? !N IS ! NATURE ( 3COC;N3 B
9CONCOC;N IS AN IMP]FECT /ATE DUE 6LACK
( PROP] H1T1 T IS1 6COLD4 ,T ( : !
IMP]FECT /ATE IS1 IS ! CORRESPOND+
PASSIVE QUALITIES : >E ! NATURAL MATT] (
ANY?+4
  ,S M* =! DEF9I;N ( 3COC;N & 9CONCOC;N4
                   #C
  ,RIP5+ IS A SORT ( 3COC;N2 = WE CALL X
RIP5+ :5 "! IS A 3COC;N (! NUTRI;T 9
FRUIT4 ,& S9CE 3COC;N IS A SORT (
P]FECT+1 ! PROCESS ( RIP5+ IS P]FECT :5
! SE$S 9 FRUIT >E A# 6REPRODUCE ! FRUIT
9 : !Y >E F.D2 = 9 ALL O!R CASES Z WELL
? IS :AT WE M1N BY ,8P]FECT0'4 ,? IS :AT
,8RIP5+0' M1NS :5 ! ^W IS APPLI$ 6FRUIT4
,H["E1 _M O!R ?+S T H "UG"O 3COC;N >E SD
6BE ,8RIPE0'1 ! G5]AL "* (! PROCESS 2+ !
SAME1 ?\< ! ^W IS APPLI$ 0AN EXT5.N (
M1N+4 ,! R1SON = ? EXT5.N IS1 Z WE
EXPLA9$ 2F1 T ! V>I\S MODES 9 : NATURAL
H1T & COLD P]FECT ! MATT] !Y DET]M9E H N
SPECIAL "NS APPROPRIAT$ 6!M4 ,9 ! CASE (
BOILS & PHLEGM1 &! L1 ! PROCESS ( RIP5+
IS ! 3COC;N (! MOI/URE 9 !M 0_! NATURAL
H1T1 = ONLY T : GETS ! BETT] ( MATT] C
DET]M9E X4 ,S "EY?+ T RIP5S IS 3D5S$ F A
_SU\S 96A WAT]Y /ATE1 & F A WAT]Y 96AN
E>?Y /ATE1 & 9 G5]AL F 2+ R>E 2COMES
D5SE4 ,9 ? PROCESS ! NATURE (! ?+ T IS
RIP5+ 9CORPORATES "S (! MATT] 9 XF1 & "S
X REJECTS4 ,S M* =! DEF9I;N ( RIP5+4
  ,RAW;S IS XS OPPOSITE & IS "!=E AN
IMP]FECT 3COC;N (! NUTRI;T 9 ! FRUIT1
"NLY1 (! UNDET]M9$ MOI/URE4 ,3SEQU5TLY A
RAW ?+ IS EI _SU\S OR WAT]Y OR 3TA9S BO?
_S & WAT]4 ,RIP5+ 2+ A K9D ( P]FECT+1
RAW;S W 2 AN IMP]FECT /ATE1 & ? /ATE IS
DUE 6A LACK ( NATURAL H1T & XS 4PROPOR;N
6! MOI/URE T IS "UGO+ ! PROCESS ( RIP5+4
7,NO?+ MOI/ RIP5S )\T ! ADMIXTURE ( "S
DRY MATT]3 WAT] AL"O ( LIQUIDS DOES N
?ICK547 ,? 4PROPOR;N MAY 2 DUE EI
6DEFECT ( H1T OR 6EXCESS (! MATT] 6BE
DET]M9$3 H;E ! JUICE ( RAW ?+S IS ?91
COLD R ?AN HOT1 & UNFIT = FOOD OR DR9K4
,RAW;S1 L RIP5+1 IS US$ 6DENOTE A V>IETY
( /ATES4 ,?US ! LIQUID & SOLID EXCRETA &
CAT>RHS >E CALL$ RAW =! SAME R1SON1 = 9
E CASE ! ^W IS APPLI$ 6?+S 2C _! H1T HAS
N GOT ! MA/]Y 9 !M & -PACT$ !M4 ,IF WE G
FUR!R1 BRICK IS CALL$ RAW & S IS MILK &
_M O!R ?+S TOO :5 !Y >E S* Z 6ADMIT ( 2+
*ANG$ & -PACT$ 0H1T B H REMA9$ UNA6ECT$4
,H;E1 :ILE WE SP1K ( ,8BOIL$0' WAT]1 WE
_C SP1K ( RAW WAT]1 S9CE X DOES N ?ICK54
,WE H N[ DEF9$ RIP5+ & RAW;S & ASSIGN$
_! CAUSES4
  ,BOIL+ IS1 9 G5]AL1 A 3COC;N 0MOI/ H1T
(! 9DET]M9ATE MATT] 3TA9$ 9 ! MOI/URE (!
?+ BOIL$1 &! ^W IS /RICTLY APPLICA# ONLY
6?+S BOIL$ 9 ! WAY ( COOK+4 ,!
9DET]M9ATE MATT]1 Z WE SD1 W 2 EI _SU\S
OR WAT]Y4 ,! CAUSE (! 3COC;N IS ! FIRE
3TA9$ 9 ! MOI/URE2 = :AT IS COOK$ 9 A
FRY+-PAN IS BROIL$3 X IS ! H1T \TSIDE T
A6ECTS X &1 Z =! MOI/URE 9 : X IS 3TA9$1
X DRIES ? UP & DRAWS X 96XF4 ,B A ?+ T
IS 2+ BOIL$ 2HAVES 9 ! OPPOSITE WAY3 !
MOI/URE 3TA9$ 9 X IS DRAWN \ ( X 0! H1T
9 ! LIQUID \TSIDE4 ,H;E BOIL$ M1TS >E
DRI] ?AN BROIL$2 =1 9 BOIL+1 ?+S D N
DRAW ! MOI/URE 96!MVS1 S9CE ! EXT]NAL
H1T GETS ! BETT] (! 9T]NAL3 IF ! 9T]NAL
H1T _H GOT ! BETT] X WD H DRAWN !
MOI/URE 6XF4 ,N E BODY ADMITS (! PROCESS
( BOIL+3 IF "! IS NO MOI/URE 9 X1 X DOES
N 7= 9/.E1 /"OS71 NOR DOES X IF "! IS
MOI/URE 9 X B ! D5S;Y (! BODY IS TOO GRT
= X-TO-BE MA/]$1 Z 9 ! CASE ( WOOD4 ,B
ONLY ^? BODIES C 2 BOIL$ T 3TA9 MOI/URE
: C 2 ACT$ ON 0! H1T 3TA9$ 9 ! LIQUID
\TSIDE4 ,X IS TRUE T GOLD & WOOD & _M
O!R ?+S >E SD 6BE ,8BOIL$0'3 B ? IS A
/RET* (! M1N+ (! ^W1 ?\< ! K9D ( ?+
9T5D$ IS ! SAME1 ! R1SON =! USAGE 2+ T !
V>I\S CASES H NO "NS APPROPRIAT$ 6!M4
,LIQUIDS TOO1 L MILK & M/1 >E SD 6"UGO A
PROCESS ( ,8BOIL+0' :5 ! EXT]NAL FIRE T
SURR.DS & H1TS !M *ANGES ! SAV\R 9 !
LIQUID 96A GIV5 =M1 ! PROCESS 2+ ?US 9 A
WAY L :AT WE H CALL$ BOIL+4
  ,! 5D (! ?+S T "UGO BOIL+1 OR 9DE$ ANY
=M ( 3COC;N1 IS N ALW ! SAME3 "S >E M1NT
6BE EAT51 "S DRUNK1 & "S >E 9T5D$ = O!R
USES2 = 9/.E DYES1 TOO1 >E SD 6BE
,8BOIL$0'4
  ,ALL ^? ?+S !N ADMIT ( ,8BOIL+0' : C
GR[ D5S]1 SMALL]1 OR H1VI]2 AL ^? : D T
)A "P ( !MVS &)A "P D ! OPPOSITE1 DIVID+
9 S* A WAY T "O POR;N ?ICK5S :ILE ! O!R
GR[S ?9N]1 L MILK :5 X DIVIDES 96:EY &
CURD4 ,OIL 0XF IS A6ECT$ 9 N"O ( ^!
WAYS1 & "!=E _C 2 SD 6ADMIT ( ,8BOIL+0'4
,S* !N IS ! PFCIES ( 3COC;N "KN Z
,8BOIL+0'1 &! PROCESS IS ! SAME 9 AN
>TIFICIAL & 9 A NATURAL 9/RU;T1 =! CAUSE
W 2 ! SAME 9 E CASE4
  ,IMP]FECT BOIL+ IS ! =M ( 9CONCOC;N
OPPOS$ 6BOIL+4 ,N[ ! OPPOSITE ( BOIL+
PROP]LY S CALL$ IS AN 9CONCOC;N (!
UNDET]M9$ MATT] 9 A BODY DUE 6LACK ( H1T
9 ! SURR.D+ LIQUID4 7,LACK ( H1T
IMPLIES1 Z WE H PO9T$ \1 ! PRES;E (
COLD47 ,! MO;N : CAUSES IMP]FECT BOIL+
IS DI6]5T F T : CAUSES BOIL+1 =! H1T :
OP]ATES ! 3COC;N IS DRIV5 \4 ,! LACK (
H1T IS DUE EI 6! AM.T ( COLD 9 ! LIQUID
OR 6! QUANT;Y ( MOI/URE 9 ! OBJECT "UGO+
! PROCESS ( BOIL+4 ,": EI ( ^! 3DI;NS IS
R1LIZ$ ! H1T 9 ! SURR.D+ LIQUID IS TOO
GRT 6H NO E6ECT AT ALL1 B TOO SMALL
6C>RY \ ! PROCESS ( 3COCT+ UNI=MLY &
?OR\<LY4 ,H;E ?+S >E H>D] :5 !Y >E
IMP]FECTLY BOIL$ ?AN :5 !Y >E BOIL$1 &!
MOI/URE 9 !M M 4T9CT F ! SOLID "PS4 ,S
M* =! DEF9I;N & CAUSES ( BOIL+ &
IMP]FECT BOIL+4
  ,BROIL+ IS 3COC;N 0DRY =EIGN H1T4 ,H;E
IF A MAN 7 6BOIL A ?+ B ! *ANGE & 3COC;N
9 X 7 DUE1 N 6! H1T (! LIQUID B 6T (!
FIRE1 ! ?+ W H BE5 BROIL$ & N BOIL$ :5 !
PROCESS HAS BE5 C>RI$ 6-PLE;N3 IF !
PROCESS HAS G"O TOO F> WE USE ! ^W
,8SCOR*$0' 6DESCRIBE X4 ,IF ! PROCESS
L1VES ! ?+ DRI] AT ! 5D ! AG5T HAS BE5
DRY H1T4 ,H;E ! \TSIDE IS DRI] ?AN !
9SIDE1 ! OPPOSITE 2+ TRUE ( ?+S BOIL$4
,": ! PROCESS IS >TIFICIAL1 BROIL+ IS M
DI6ICULT ?AN BOIL+1 = X IS DI6ICULT 6H1T
! 9SIDE &! \TSIDE UNI=MLY1 S9CE ! "PS
NE>] 6! FIRE >E ! F/ 6GET DRY &
3SEQU5TLY GET M 9T5SELY DRY4 ,9 ? WAY !
\T] PORES 3TRACT &! MOI/URE 9 ! ?+ _C 2
SECRET$ B IS %UT 9 0! CLOS+ (! PORES4
,N[ BROIL+ & BOIL+ >E >TIFICIAL
PROCESSES1 B ! SAME G5]AL K9D ( ?+1 Z WE
SD1 IS F.D 9 NATURE TOO4 ,! A6EC;NS
PRODUC$ >E SIMIL> ?\< !Y LACK A "N2 = >T
IMITATES NATURE4 ,= 9/.E1 ! 3COC;N (
FOOD 9 ! BODY IS L BOIL+1 = X TAKES
PLACE 9 A HOT & MOI/ M$IUM &! AG5T IS !
H1T (! BODY4 ,S1 TOO1 C]TA9 =MS (
9DIGES;N >E L IMP]FECT BOIL+4 ,& X IS N
TRUE T ANIMALS >E G5]AT$ 9 ! 3COC;N (
FOOD1 Z "S SAY4 ,RE,Y !Y >E G5]AT$ 9 !
EXCRE;N : PUTREFIES 9 ! L[] BELLY1 & !Y
ASC5D AFWS4 ,= 3COC;N GOES ON 9 ! UPP]
BELLY B ! EXCRE;N PUTREFIES 9 ! L[]3 !
R1SON = ? HAS BE5 EXPLA9$ ELSE":4
  ,WE H SE5 T ! OPPOSITE ( BOIL+ IS
IMP]FECT BOIL+3 N[ "! IS "S?+
CORRESPOND+LY OPPOS$ 6! SPECIES ( 3COC;N
CALL$ BROIL+1 B X IS M DI6ICULT 6F9D A
"N = X4 ,X WD 2 ! K9D ( ?+ T WD HAPP5 IF
"! 7 IMP]FECT BROIL+ 9/1D ( BROIL+ PROP]
"? LACK ( H1T DUE 6DEFICI5CY 9 ! EXT]NAL
FIRE OR 6! QUANT;Y ( WAT] 9 ! ?+ "UGO+ !
PROCESS4 ,= !N WE %D GET TOO M* H1T = NO
E6ECT 6BE PRODUC$1 B TOO LL = 3COC;N
6TAKE PLACE4
  ,WE H N[ EXPLA9$ 3COC;N & 9CONCOC;N1
RIP5+ & RAW;S1 BOIL+ & BROIL+1 & _!
OPPOSITES4
                   #D
  ,WE M/ N[ DESCRIBE ! =MS TAK5 0!
PASSIVE QUALITIES ! MOI/ &! DRY4 ,!
ELE;TS ( BODIES1 T IS1 ! PASSIVE "OS1 >E
! MOI/ &! DRY2 ! BODIES !MVS >E -P.D$ (
!M & :I*"E PREDOM9ATES DET]M9ES ! NATURE
(! BODY2 ?US "S BODIES P>TAKE M (! DRY1
O!RS (! MOI/4 ,ALL ! =MS 6BE DESCRIB$ W
EXI/ EI ACTU,Y1 OR POT5TI,Y & 9 _!
OPPOSITE3 = 9/.E1 "! IS ACTUAL MELT+ &
ON ! O!R H& T : ADMITS ( 2+ MELT$4
  ,S9CE ! MOI/ IS EASILY DET]M9$ &! DRY
DET]M9$ ) DI6ICULTY1 _! REL,N 6"O ANO!R
IS L T (A DI% & XS 3DI;TS4 ,! MOI/ IS
:AT MAKES ! DRY DET]M9A#1 & EA* S]VES Z
A SORT ( GLUE 6! O!R-Z ,EMP$OCLES SD 9 8
POEM ON ,NATURE1 ,8GLUE+ M1L TGR 0M1NS (
WAT]40' ,?US ! DET]M9$ BODY 9VOLVES !M
BO?4 ,(! ELE;TS E>? IS ESPECI,Y
REPRES5TATIVE (! DRY1 WAT] (! MOI/1 &
"!=E ALL DET]M9ATE BODIES 9 \R _W 9VOLVE
E>? & WAT]4 ,E BODY %[S ! QUAL;Y ( T
ELE;T : PREDOM9ATES 9 X4 ,X IS 2C E>? &
WAT] >E ! MAT]IAL ELE;TS ( ALL BODIES T
ANIMALS LIVE 9 !M AL"O & N 9 AIR OR
FIRE4
  ,(! QUALITIES ( BODIES H>D;S & S(T;S
>E ^? : M/ PRIM>ILY 2L;G 6A DET]M9$ ?+1
= ANY?+ MADE UP (! DRY &! MOI/ IS
NECESS>ILY EI H>D OR S(T4 ,H>D IS T !
SURFACE ( : DOES N YIELD 96XF2 S(T T :
DOES YIELD B N 09T]*ANGE ( PLACE3 WAT]1
= 9/.E1 IS N S(T1 = XS SURFACE DOES N
YIELD 6PRESSURE OR S9K 9 B "! IS AN
9T]*ANGE ( PLACE4 ,^? ?+S >E ABSOLUTELY
H>D & S(T : SATISFY ! DEF9I;N
ABSOLUTELY1 & ^? ?+S RELATIVELY S : D S
-P>$ ) ANO!R ?+4 ,N[ RELATIVELY 6"O
ANO!R H>D & S(T >E 9DEF9A#1 2C X IS A
MATT] ( DEGREE1 B S9CE ALL ! OBJECTS (
S5SE >E DET]M9$ 0REF];E 6! FACULTY (
S5SE X IS CLE>LY ! REL,N 6T\* : DET]M9ES
T : IS H>D & S(T ABSOLUTELY1 & T\* IS T
: WE USE Z A /&>D OR M1N4 ,S WE CALL T :
EXCE$S X H>D & T : FALLS %ORT ( X S(T4
                   #E
  ,A BODY DET]M9$ 0XS [N B.D>Y M/ 2 EI
H>D OR S(T2 = X EI YIELDS OR DOES N4
  ,X M/ AL 2 3CRETE3 OR X CD N 2 S
DET]M9$4 ,S S9CE "EY?+ T IS DET]M9$ &
SOLID IS EI H>D OR S(T & ^! QUALITIES >E
DUE 63CRE;N1 ALL -POSITE & DET]M9$
BODIES M/ 9VOLVE 3CRE;N4 ,3CRE;N "!=E M/
2 4CUSS$4
  ,N[ "! >E TWO CAUSES 2SS MATT]1 ! AG5T
&! QUAL;Y BR"\ AB1 ! AG5T 2+ ! E6ICI5T
CAUSE1 ! QUAL;Y ! =MAL CAUSE4 ,H;E
3CRE;N & 4A7REG,N1 DRY+ & MOI/5+1 M/ H
^! TWO CAUSES4
  ,B S9CE 3CRE;N IS A =M ( DRY+ LET U
SP1K (! LATT] F/4
  ,Z WE H EXPLA9$1 ! AG5T OP]ATES 0M1NS
( TWO QUALITIES &! PATI5T IS ACT$ ON 9
VIRTUE ( TWO QUALITIES3 AC;N TAKES PLACE
0M1NS ( H1T OR COLD1 &! QUAL;Y IS
PRODUC$ EI 0! PRES;E OR 0! ABS;E ( H1T
OR COLD2 B T : IS ACT$ ^U IS MOI/ OR DRY
OR A -P.D ( BO?4 ,WAT] IS ! ELE;T "*IZ$
0! MOI/1 E>? T "*IZ$ 0! DRY1 = ^! AM;G !
ELE;TS T ADMIT ! QUALITIES MOI/ & DRY >E
PASSIVE4 ,"!=E COLD1 TOO1 2+ F.D 9 WAT]
& E>? 7BO? ( : WE RECOGNIZE 6BE COLD71
M/ 2 RECKON$ R Z A PASSIVE QUAL;Y4 ,X IS
ACTIVE ONLY Z 3TRIBUT+ 6DE/RUC;N OR
9CID5T,Y 9 ! MANN] DESCRIB$ 2F2 = COLD
IS "S"TS ACTU,Y SD 6BURN & 6W>M1 B N 9 !
SAME WAY Z H1T DOES1 B 0COLLECT+ &
3C5TRAT+ H1T4
  ,! SUBJECTS ( DRY+ >E WAT] &! V>I\S
WAT]Y FLUIDS & ^? BODIES : 3TA9 WAT] EI
=EIGN OR 3NATURAL4 ,0=EIGN ,I M1N L !
WAT] 9 WOOL1 03NATURAL1 L T 9 MILK4 ,!
WAT]Y FLUIDS >E W9E1 UR9E1 :EY1 & 9
G5]AL ^? FLUIDS : H NO S$I;T OR ONLY A
LL1 EXCEPT ": ? ABS;E ( S$I;T IS DUE
6VISCOS;Y4 ,= 9 "S CASES1 9 OIL & PIT* =
9/.E1 X IS ! VISCOS;Y : PREV5TS ANY
S$I;T F APPE>+4
  ,X IS ALW A PROCESS ( H1T+ OR COOL+ T
DRIES ?+S1 B ! AG5T 9 BO? CASES IS H1T1
EI 9T]NAL OR EXT]NAL4 ,= EV5 :5 ?+S >E
DRI$ 0COOL+1 L A G>;T1 ": ! MOI/URE
EXI/S SEP>ATELY X IS ! 9T]NAL H1T T
DRIES !M4 ,X C>RIES (F ! MOI/URE 9 !
%APE ( VAP\R 7IF "! IS N TOO M* ( X71 2+
XF DRIV5 \ 0! SURR.D+ COLD4 ,S "EY?+ IS
DRI$1 Z WE H SD1 0A PROCESS EI ( H1T+ OR
COOL+1 B ! AG5T IS ALW H1T1 EI 9T]NAL OR
EXT]NAL1 C>RY+ (F ! MOI/URE 9 VAP\R4
,0EXT]NAL H1T ,I M1N Z ": ?+S >E BOIL$3
09T]NAL ": ! H1T BR1!S \ & TAKES AWAY &
USES UP XS MOI/URE4 ,S M* = DRY+4
                   #F
  ,LIQUEFAC;N IS1 F/1 3D5S,N 96WAT]2
SECOND1 ! MELT+ (A SOLIDIFI$ BODY4 ,!
F/1 3D5S,N1 IS DUE 6! COOL+ ( VAP\R3 :AT
MELT+ IS W APPE> F ! A3.T ( SOLIDIFIC,N4
  ,:AT"E SOLIDIFIES IS EI WAT] OR A
MIXTURE ( E>? & WAT]1 &! AG5T IS EI DRY
H1T OR COLD4 ,H;E ^? (! BODIES SOLIDIFI$
0H1T OR COLD : >E SOLU# AT ALL >E 4SOLV$
0_! OPPOSITES4 ,BODIES SOLIDIFI$ 0! DRY-
HOT >E 4SOLV$ 0WAT]1 : IS ! MOI/-COLD1
:ILE BODIES SOLIDIFI$ 0COLD >E 4SOLV$
0FIRE1 : IS HOT4 ,"S ?+S SEEM 6BE
SOLIDIFI$ 0WAT]1 E4G4 BOIL$ H"OY1 B RE,Y
X IS N ! WAT] B ! COLD 9 ! WAT] : E6ECTS
! SOLIDIFIC,N4 ,AQUE\S BODIES >E N
SOLIDIFI$ 0FIRE3 = X IS FIRE T 4SOLVES
!M1 &! SAME CAUSE 9 ! SAME REL,N _C H
OPPOSITE E6ECTS ^U ! SAME ?+4 ,AG1 WAT]
SOLIDIFIES [+ 6! DE"PURE ( H1T2 S X W
CLE>LY 2 4SOLV$ 0! 5TRY 96X ( H1T3 COLD1
"!=E1 M/ 2 ! AG5T 9 SOLIDIFY+ X4
  ,H;E AQUE\S BODIES D N ?ICK5 :5 !Y
SOLIDIFY2 = ?ICK5+ O3URS :5 ! MOI/URE
GOES (F &! DRY MATT] -ES TGR1 B WAT] IS
! ONLY LIQUID T DOES N ?ICK54 ,^? BODIES
T >E MADE UP ( BO? E>? & WAT] >E
SOLIDIFI$ BO? 0FIRE & 0COLD & 9 EI CASE
>E ?ICK5$4 ,! OP],N (! TWO IS 9 A WAY !
SAME & 9 A WAY DI6]5T4 ,H1T ACTS 0DRAW+
(F ! MOI/URE1 & Z ! MOI/URE GOES (F 9
VAP\R ! DRY MATT] ?ICK5S & COLLECTS4
,COLD ACTS 0DRIV+ \ ! H1T1 : IS
A3OMPANI$ 0! MOI/URE Z ? GOES (F 9 VAP\R
) X4 ,BODIES T >E S(T B N LIQUID D N
?ICK5 B SOLIDIFY :5 ! MOI/URE L1VES !M1
E4G4 POTT]'S CLAY 9 PROCESS ( BAK+3 B ^?
MIX$ BODIES T >E LIQUID ?ICK5 2SS
SOLIDIFY+1 L MILK4 ,^? BODIES : H F/ BE5
?ICK5$ OR H>D5$ 0COLD (T5 2G9 02COM+
MOI/3 ?US POTT]'S CLAY AT F/ 9 ! PROCESS
( BAK+ /1MS & GR[S S(T]1 & IS LIA#
64TOR;N 9 ! OV5S = T R1SON4
  ,N[ (! BODIES SOLIDIFI$ 0COLD : >E
MADE UP BO? ( E>? & WAT] B 9 : ! E>?
PREPOND]ATES1 ^? : SOLIDIFY 0! DE"PURE (
H1T MELT 0H1T :5 X 5T]S 96!M AG2 ? IS !
CASE ) FROZ5 MUD4 ,B ^? : SOLIDIFY
0REFRIG],N1 ": ALL ! MOI/URE HAS G"O (F
9 VAP\R )! H1T1 L IRON & HORN1 _C 2
4SOLV$ EXCEPT 0EXCESSIVE H1T1 B !Y C 2
S(T5$-?\< MANUFACTUR$ IRON DOES MELT1 6!
PO9T ( 2COM+ FLUID & !N SOLIDIFY+ AG4 ,?
IS H[ /EEL IS MADE4 ,! DROSS S9KS 6!
BOTTOM & IS PURG$ AWAY3 :5 ? HAS BE5 D"O
(T5 &! METAL IS PURE WE H /EEL4 ,!
PROCESS IS N REP1T$ (T5 2C ! PURIFIC,N (
! METAL 9VOLVES GRT WA/E & LOSS ( WEI<T4
,B ! IRON T HAS LESS DROSS IS ! BETT]
IRON4 ,! /"O PYRIMA*US1 TOO1 MELTS & =MS
96DROPS & 2COMES FLUID2 AF HAV+ BE5 9 A
FLUID /ATE X SOLIDIFIES & 2COMES H>D AG4
,MILL/"OS1 TOO1 MELT & 2COME FLUID3 :5 !
FLUID MASS 2G9S 6SOLIDIFY X IS BLACK B
XS 3SI/5CY -ES 6BE L T ( LIME4 & E>?1
TOO
  ,(! BODIES : >E SOLIDIFI$ 0DRY H1T "S
>E 9SOLU#1 O!RS >E 4SOLV$ 0LIQUID4
,POTT]Y & "S K9DS ( /"O T >E =M$ \ ( E>?
BURNT UP 0FIRE1 S* Z MILL/"OS1 _C 2
4SOLV$4 ,NATRON & SALT >E SOLU# 0LIQUID1
B N ALL LIQUID B ONLY S* Z IS COLD4 ,H;E
WAT] & ANY ( XS V>IETIES MELT !M1 B OIL
DOES N4 ,=! OPPOSITE (! DRY-HOT IS !
COLD-MOI/ & :AT ! "O SOLIDIFI$ ! O!R W
4SOLVE1 & S OPPOSITES W H OPPOSITE
E6ECTS4
                   #G
  ,IF A BODY 3TA9S M WAT] ?AN E>? FIRE
ONLY ?ICK5S X3 IF X 3TA9S M E>? FIRE
SOLIDIFIES X4 ,H;E NATRON & SALT & /"O &
POTT]'S CLAY M/ 3TA9 M E>?4
  ,! NATURE ( OIL PRES5TS ! GRTE/ PRO#M4
,IF WAT] PREPOND]AT$ 9 X1 COLD "\
6SOLIDIFY X2 IF E>? PREPOND]AT$1 !N FIRE
"\ 6D S4 ,ACTU,Y NEI SOLIDIFIES1 B BO?
?ICK5 X4 ,! R1SON IS T X IS FULL ( AIR
7H;E X FLOATS ON ! TOP ( WAT]1 S9CE AIR
T5DS 6RISE74 ,COLD ?ICK5S X 0TURN+ ! AIR
9 X 96WAT]1 = ANY MIXTURE ( OIL & WAT]
IS ?ICK] ?AN EI4 ,FIRE &! LAPSE ( "T
?ICK5 & :IT5 X4 ,! :IT5+ FOLL[S ON !
EVAPOR,N ( ANY WAT] T MAY H BE5 9 X2 !
IS DUE 6! *ANGE (! AIR 96WAT] Z ! H1T 9
! OIL IS 4SIPAT$4 ,! E6ECT 9 BO? CASES
IS ! SAME &! CAUSE IS ! SAME1 B ! MANN]
( XS OP],N IS DI6]5T4 ,BO? H1T & COLD
?ICK5 X1 B NEI DRIES X 7NEI ! SUN NOR
COLD DRIES OIL71 N ONLY 2C X IS GLUT9\S
B 2C X 3TA9S AIR4 ,XS GLUT9\S NATURE
PREV5TS X F GIV+ (F VAP\R & S FIRE DOES
N DRY X OR BOIL X (F4
  ,^? BODIES : >E MADE UP ( E>? & WAT]
MAY 2 CLASSIFI$ AC 6! PREPOND].E ( EI4
,"! IS A K9D ( W9E1 = 9/.E1 : BO?
SOLIDIFIES & ?ICK5S 0BOIL+-,I M1N1 M/4
,ALL BODIES ( ? K9D LOSE _! WAT] Z !Y ,T
X IS _! WAT] MAY 2 SE5 F ! FACT T !
VAP\R F !M 3D5SES 96WAT] :5 COLLECT$4 ,S
:]"E "S S$I;T IS LEFT ? IS (! NATURE (
E>?4 ,"S ( ^! BODIES1 Z WE H SD1 >E AL
?ICK5$ & DRI$ 0COLD4 ,= COLD N ONLY
SOLIDIFIES B AL DRIES WAT]1 & ?ICK5S ?+S
0TURN+ AIR 96WAT]4 7,SOLIDIFY+1 Z WE H
SD1 IS A =M ( DRY+47 ,N[ ^? ?+S T >E N
?ICK5$ 0COLD1 B SOLIDIFI$1 2L;G R 6WAT]1
E4G44 W9E1 UR9E1 V9EG>1 LYE1 :EY4 ,B ^?
?+S T >E ?ICK5$ 7N 0EVAPOR,N DUE 6FIRE7
>E MADE UP EI ( E>? OR ( WAT] & AIR3
H"OY ( E>?1 :ILE OIL 3TA9S AIR4 ,MILK &
BLOOD1 TOO1 >E MADE UP ( BO? WAT] & E>?1
?\< E>? G5],Y PREDOM9ATES 9 !M4 ,S1 TOO1
>E ! LIQUIDS \ ( : NATRON & SALT >E =M$2
& /"OS >E AL =M$ F "S MIXTURES ( ? K9D4
,H;E1 IF ! :EY HAS N BE5 SEP>AT$1 X
BURNS AWAY IF Y BOIL X OV] A FIRE4 ,B !
E>?Y ELE;T 9 MILK C AL 2 COAGULAT$ 0!
HELP ( FIG-JUICE1 IF Y BOIL X 9 A C]TA9
WAY Z DOCTORS D :5 !Y TR1T X ) FIG-
JUICE1 & ? IS H[ ! :EY &! *EESE >E
-MONLY SEP>AT$4 ,:EY1 ONCE SEP>AT$1 DOES
N ?ICK51 Z ! MILK DID1 B BOILS AWAY L
WAT]4 ,"S"TS1 H["E1 "! IS LL OR NO *EESE
9 MILK1 & S* MILK IS N NUTRITIVE & IS M
L WAT]4 ,! CASE ( BLOOD IS SIMIL>3 COLD
DRIES & S SOLIDIFIES X4 ,^? K9DS ( BLOOD
T D N SOLIDIFY1 L T (! /AG1 2L;G R 6WAT]
& >E V COLD4 ,H;E !Y 3TA9 NO FIBRES3 =!
FIBRES >E ( E>? & SOLID1 & BLOOD F : !Y
H BE5 REMOV$ DOES N SOLIDIFY4 ,? IS 2C X
_C DRY2 = :AT REMA9S IS WAT]1 J Z :AT
REMA9S ( MILK :5 *EESE HAS BE5 REMOV$ IS
WAT]4 ,! FACT T 41S$ BLOOD W N SOLIDIFY
IS EVID;E (! SAME ?+1 = S* BLOOD IS (!
NATURE ( S]UM & T IS PHLEGM & WAT]1 !
NATURE (! ANIMAL HAV+ FAIL$ 6GET ! BETT]
( X & DIGE/ X4
  ,"S ( ^! BODIES >E SOLU#1 E4G4 NATRON1
"S 9SOLU#1 E4G4 POTT]Y3 (! LATT]1 "S1 L
HORN1 C 2 S(T5$ 0H1T1 O!RS1 L POTT]Y &
/"O1 _C4 ,! R1SON IS T OPPOSITE CAUSES H
OPPOSITE E6ECTS3 3SEQU5TLY1 IF
SOLIDIFIC,N IS DUE 6TWO CAUSES1 ! COLD &
! DRY1 SOLU;N M/ 2 DUE 6! HOT &! MOI/1 T
IS1 6FIRE & 6WAT] 7^! 2+ OPPOSITES73
WAT] 4SOLV+ :AT 0 SOLIDIFI$ 0FIRE AL"O1
FIRE :AT 0 SOLIDIFI$ 0COLD AL"O4
,3SEQU5TLY1 IF ANY ?+S HAPP5 6BE
SOLIDIFI$ 0! AC;N ( BO?1 ^! >E L1/ APT
6BE SOLU#4 ,S* A CASE WE F9D ": ?+S H
BE5 H1T$ & >E !N SOLIDIFI$ 0COLD4 ,:5 !
H1T 9 L1V+ !M HAS CAUS$ MO/ (! MOI/URE
6EVAPORATE1 ! COLD S -PACTS ^! BODIES
TGR AG Z 6L1VE NO 5TR.E EV5 = MOI/URE4
,"!=E H1T DOES N 4SOLVE !M 7= X ONLY
4SOLVES ^? BODIES T >E SOLIDIFI$ 0COLD
AL"O71 NOR DOES WAT] 7= X DOES N 4SOLVE
:AT COLD SOLIDIFIES1 B ONLY :AT IS
SOLIDIFI$ 0DRY H1T74 ,B IRON IS MELT$
0H1T & SOLIDIFI$ 0COLD4 ,WOOD 3SI/S (
E>? & AIR & IS "!=E -BU/I# B _C 2 MELT$
OR S(T5$ 0H1T4 7,=! SAME R1SON X FLOATS
9 WAT]-ALL EXCEPT EBONY4 ,? DOES N1 =
O!R K9DS ( WOOD 3TA9 A PREPOND].E ( AIR1
B 9 BLACK EBONY ! AIR HAS ESCAP$ & S E>?
PREPOND]ATES 9 X47 ,POTT]Y 3SI/S ( E>?
AL"O 2C X SOLIDIFI$ GRADU,Y 9 ! PROCESS
( DRY+4 ,WAT] _C GET 96X1 =! PORES 7
ONLY L>GE 5 6ADMIT ( VAP\R ESCAP+3 &
SEE+ T FIRE SOLIDIFI$ X1 T _C 4SOLVE X
EI4
  ,S SOLIDIFIC,N & MELT+1 _! CAUSES1 &!
K9DS ( SUBJECTS 9 : !Y O3UR H BE5
DESCRIB$4

                   #H
  ,ALL ? MAKES X CLE> T BODIES >E =M$
0H1T & COLD & T ^! AG5TS OP]ATE 0?ICK5+
& SOLIDIFY+4 ,X IS 2C ^! QUALITIES
FA%ION BODIES T WE F9D H1T 9 ALL ( !M1 &
9 "S COLD 9 S F> Z H1T IS ABS5T4 ,^!
QUALITIES1 !N1 >E PRES5T Z ACTIVE1 &!
MOI/ &! DRY Z PASSIVE1 & 3SEQU5TLY ALL
F\R >E F.D 9 MIX$ BODIES4 ,S WAT] & E>?
>E ! 3/ITU5TS ( HOMOG5E\S BODIES BO? 9
PLANTS & 9 ANIMALS &( METALS S* Z GOLD1
SILV]1 &! RE/-WAT] & E>? & _! RESPECTIVE
EXHAL,NS %UT UP 9 ! -P.D BODIES1 Z WE H
EXPLA9$ ELSE":4
  ,ALL ^! MIX$ BODIES >E 4T+UI%$ F "O
ANO!R1 F/LY 0! QUALITIES SPECIAL 6!
V>I\S S5SES1 T IS1 0_! CAPACITIES (
AC;N4 7,=A ?+ IS :ITE1 FRAGRANT1 SONANT1
SWEET1 HOT1 COLD 9 VIRTUE (A P[] ( ACT+
ON S5SE74 ,SECONDLY 0O!R M "*I/IC
A6EC;NS : EXPRESS _! APTITUDE 6BE
A6ECT$3 ,I M1N1 = 9/.E1 ! APTITUDE 6MELT
OR SOLIDIFY OR B5D & S =?1 ALL ^!
QUALITIES1 L MOI/ & DRY1 2+ PASSIVE4 ,^!
>E ! QUALITIES T DI6]5TIATE B"O1 FLE%1
S9EW1 WOOD1 B>K1 /"O & ALL O!R HOMOG5E\S
NATURAL BODIES4 ,LET U 2G9 0ENUM]AT+ ^!
QUALITIES EXPRESS+ ! APTITUDE OR
9APTITUDE (A ?+ 6BE A6ECT$ 9 A C]TA9
WAY4 ,!Y >E Z FOLL[S3 6BE APT OR 9APT
6SOLIDIFY1 MELT1 2 S(T5$ 0H1T1 2 S(T5$
0WAT]1 B5D1 BR1K1 2 -M9UT$1 IMPRESS$1
M\LD$1 SQUEEZ$2 6BE TRACTILE OR NON-
TRACTILE1 MALLEA# OR NON-MALLEA#1 6BE
FISSILE OR NON-FISSILE1 APT OR 9APT 6BE
CUT2 6BE VISC\S OR FRIA#1 -PRESSI# OR
9COMPRESSI#1 -BU/I# OR 9COMBU/I#2 6BE
APT OR 9APT 6GIVE (F FUMES4 ,^! A6EC;NS
DI6]5TIATE MO/ BODIES F "O ANO!R4 ,LET U
G ON 6EXPLA9 ! NATURE ( EA* ( !M4 ,WE H
ALR GIV5 A G5]AL A3.T ( T : IS APT OR
9APT 6SOLIDIFY OR 6MELT1 B LET U RETURN
6!M AG N[4 ,( ALL ! BODIES T ADMIT (
SOLIDIFIC,N & H>D5+1 "S >E BR"\ 96? /ATE
0H1T1 O!RS 0COLD4 ,H1T DOES ? 0DRY+ UP
_! MOI/URE1 COLD 0DRIV+ \ _! H1T4
,3SEQU5TLY "S BODIES >E A6ECT$ 9 ? WAY
0DEFECT ( MOI/URE1 "S 0DEFECT ( H1T3
WAT]Y BODIES 0DEFECT ( H1T1 E>?Y BODIES
( MOI/URE4 ,N[ ^? BODIES T >E S A6ECT$
0DEFECT ( MOI/URE >E 4SOLV$ 0WAT]1 UN.S
L POTT]Y !Y H S 3TRACT$ T _! PORES >E
TOO SMALL =! "PICLES ( WAT] 65T]4 ,ALL
^? BODIES 9 : ? IS N ! CASE >E 4SOLV$
0WAT]1 E4G4 NATRON1 SALT1 DRY MUD4 ,^?
BODIES T SOLIDIFI$ "? DEFECT ( H1T >E
MELT$ 0H1T1 E4G4 ICE1 L1D1 COPP]4 ,S M*
=! BODIES T ADMIT ( SOLIDIFIC,N &(
MELT+1 & ^? T D N ADMIT ( MELT+4
  ,! BODIES : D N ADMIT ( SOLIDIFIC,N >E
^? : 3TA9 NO AQUE\S MOI/URE & >E N
WAT]Y1 B 9 : H1T & E>? PREPOND]ATE1 L
H"OY & M/ 7= ^! >E 9 A SORT ( /ATE (
E6]VESC;E71 & ^? : D POSSESS "S WAT] B H
A PREPOND].E ( AIR1 L OIL & QKSILV]1 &
ALL VISC\S SUB/.ES S* Z PIT* & BIRDLIME4
                   #I
  ,^? BODIES ADMIT ( S(T5+ : >E N 7L
ICE7 MADE UP ( WAT]1 B 9 : E>?
PREDOM9ATES4 ,ALL _! MOI/URE M/ N H LEFT
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! REL,N ( DRY 6MOI/ 9 !M 2 9CONGRU\S 7Z
9 ! CASE ( POTT]Y74 ,!Y M/ 2 TRACTILE
7)\T ADMITT+ WAT]7 OR MALLEA# 7)\T 3SI/+
( WAT]71 &! AG5T 9 S(T5+ !M IS FIRE4 ,S*
>E IRON & HORN4
  ,BO? ( BODIES T C MELT &( BODIES T _C1
"S D & "S D N ADMIT ( S(T5+ 9 WAT]4
,COPP]1 = 9/.E1 : C 2 MELT$1 _C 2 S(T5$
9 WAT]1 ":AS WOOL & E>? C 2 S(T5$ 9
WAT]1 = !Y C 2 SOAK$4 7,X IS TRUE T ?\<
COPP] C 2 MELT$ ! AG5T 9 XS CASE IS N
WAT]1 B "S (! BODIES T C 2 MELT$ 0WAT]
TOO S* Z NATRON & SALT _C 2 S(T5$ 9
WAT]3 = NO?+ IS SD 6BE S A6ECT$ UN.S !
WAT] SOAKS 96X & MAKES X S(T]47 ,"S ?+S1
ON ! O!R H&1 S* Z WOOL & GRA91 C 2 S(T5$
0WAT] ?\< !Y _C 2 MELT$4 ,ANY BODY T IS
6BE S(T5$ 0WAT] M/ 2 ( E>? & M/ H XS
PORES L>G] ?AN ! "PICLES ( WAT]1 &!
PORES !MVS M/ 2 A# 6RESI/ ! AC;N ( WAT]1
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PORES "?\T4
  7,:Y IS X T E>? IS BO? ,8MELT$0' &
S(T5$ 0MOI/URE1 :ILE NATRON IS ,8MELT$0'
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0PORES S T ! "PS >E IMMLY DIVID$ 0!
WAT]1 B E>? HAS AL PORES : D N 3NECT &
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0"O OR ! O!R SET ( PORES47
  ,"S BODIES C 2 B5T OR /RAI<T5$1 L !
RE$ OR ! )Y1 "S _C1 L POTT]Y & /"O4 ,^?
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*ANGE F 2+ CURV$ 62+ /RAI<T & F 2+
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9 ! *ANGE OR MO;N 6! /RAI<T OR 6A CURVE1
=A ?+ IS SD 6BE 9 PROCESS ( 2+ B5T :E!R
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3VEX1 ! LATT] 6! 3CAVE1 A MO;N T L1DS 6!
/RAI<T _C 2 CALL$ B5D+1 B B5D+ &
/RAI<T5+ >E TWO DI6]5T ?+S4 ,^!1 !N1 >E
! ?+S T C1 & ^? T _C 2 B5T1 & 2
/RAI<T5$4
  ,"S ?+S C 2 BO? BROK5 & -M9UT$1 O!RS
ADMIT ONLY "O OR ! O!R4 ,WOOD1 = 9/.E1 C
2 BROK5 B N -M9UT$1 ICE & /"O C 2 -M9UT$
B N BROK51 :ILE POTT]Y MAY EI 2 -M9UT$
OR BROK54 ,! 4T9C;N IS ?3 BR1K+ IS A
DIVI.N & SEP>,N 96L>GE "PS1 -M9U;N 96"PS
( ANY SIZE1 B "! M/ 2 M ( !M ?AN TWO4
,N[ ^? SOLIDS T H _M PORES N -MUNICAT+ )
"O ANO!R >E -M9UI# 7=! LIMIT 6_!
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PORES /RET* 3T9U\SLY =A L;G WAY >E
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BO? -M9UI# & BR1KA#4
  ,"S ?+S1 E4G4 COPP] & WAX1 >E
IMPRESSI#1 O!RS1 E4G4 POTT]Y & WAT]1 >E
N4 ,! PROCESS ( 2+ IMPRESS$ IS ! S9K+ (A
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OR A BL[1 9 G5]AL 63TACT4 ,S* BODIES >E
EI S(T1 L WAX1 ": "P (! SURFACE IS
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COPP]4 ,NON-IMPRESSI# BODIES >E EI H>D1
L POTT]Y 7XS SURFACE DOES N GIVE WAY &
S9K IN71 OR LIQUID1 L WAT] 7= ?\< WAT]
DOES GIVE WAY X IS N 9 A "P ( X1 = "! IS
A RECIPROCAL *ANGE ( PLACE ( ALL XS
"PS74 ,^? IMPRESSI#S T RETA9 ! %APE
IMPRESS$ ON !M & >E EASILY M\LD$ 0! H&
>E CALL$ ,8PLA/IC0'2 ^? T >E N EASILY
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M\LD$ B D N RETA9 ! %APE IMPRESS$1 L
WOOL OR A SP;GE1 >E N PLA/IC4 ,! LA/
GR\P >E SD 6BE ,8SQUEEZA#0'4 ,?+S >E
,8SQUEEZA#0' :5 !Y C 3TRACT 96!MVS "U
PRESSURE1 _! SURFACE S9K+ 9 )\T 2+ BROK5
& )\T ! "PS 9T]*ANG+ POSI;N Z HAPP5S 9 !
CASE ( WAT]4 7,WE SP1K ( PRESSURE :5 "!
IS MOVE;T &! MOTOR REMA9S 9 3TACT )! ?+
MOV$1 ( IMPACT :5 ! MOVE;T IS DUE 6!
LOCAL MOVE;T (! MOTOR47 ,^? BODIES >E
SUBJECT 6SQUEEZ+ : H EMPTY PORES-EMPTY1
T IS1 (! /UFF ( : ! BODY XF 3SI/S-& T C
S9K ^U ! VOID SPACES )9 !M1 OR R ^U _!
PORES4 ,= "S"TS ! PORES ^U : A BODY S9KS
9 >E N EMPTY 7A WET SP;GE1 = 9/.E1 HAS
XS PORES FULL74 ,B ! PORES1 IF FULL1 M/
2 FULL ( "S?+ S(T] ?AN ! BODY XF : IS
63TRACT4 ,EXAMPLES ( ?+S SQUEEZA# >E !
SP;GE1 WAX1 FLE%4 ,^? ?+S >E N SQUEEZA#
: _C 2 MADE 63TRACT ^U _! [N PORES
0PRESSURE1 EI 2C !Y H NO PORES OR 2C _!
PORES >E FULL ( "S?+ TOO H>D4 ,?US IRON1
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(! SURFACE1 REMA9+ UNBROK51 9 ! DIREC;N
(! MOV]4 ,"S ?+S >E TRACTILE1 E4G4 HAIR1
?;GS1 S9EW1 D\<1 BIRDLIME1 & "S >E N1
E4G4 WAT]1 /"O4 ,"S ?+S >E BO? TRACTILE
& SQUEEZA#1 E4G4 WOOL2 9 O!R CASES ! TWO
QUALITIES D N CO9CIDE2 PHLEGM1 = 9/.E1
IS TRACTILE B N SQUEEZA#1 &A SP;GE
SQUEEZA# B N TRACTILE4
  ,"S ?+S >E MALLEA#1 L COPP]4 ,"S >E N1
L /"O & WOOD4 ,?+S >E MALLEA# :5 _!
SURFACE C 2 MADE 6MOVE 7B ONLY 9 "P7 BO?
D[NW>DS & SIDEWAYS ) "O &! SAME BL[3 :5
? IS N POSSI# A BODY IS N MALLEA#4 ,ALL
MALLEA# BODIES >E IMPRESSI#1 B N ALL
IMPRESSI# BODIES >E MALLEA#1 E4G4 WOOD1
?\< ON ! :OLE ! TWO G TGR4 ,( SQUEEZA#
?+S "S >E MALLEA# & "S N3 WAX & MUD >E
MALLEA#1 WOOL IS N4 ,"S ?+S >E FISSILE1
E4G4 WOOD1 "S >E N1 E4G4 POTT]'S CLAY4
,A ?+ IS FISSILE :5 X IS APT 6DIVIDE 9
ADV.E (! 9/RU;T DIVID+ X1 =A BODY IS SD
6SPLIT :5 X DIVIDES 6A FUR!R PO9T ?AN T
6: ! DIVID+ 9/RU;T DIVIDES X &! ACT (
DIVI.N ADV.ES3 : IS N ! CASE ) CUTT+4
,^? BODIES : _C 2HAVE L ? >E NON-
FISSILE4 ,NO?+ S(T IS FISSILE 70S(T ,I
M1N ABSOLUTELY S(T & N RELATIVELY3 =
IRON XF MAY 2 RELATIVELY S(T72 NOR >E
ALL H>D ?+S FISSILE1 B ONLY S* Z >E NEI
LIQUID NOR IMPRESSI# NOR -M9UI#4 ,S* >E
! BODIES T H ! PORES AL;G : !Y CO"H
L5G?WISE & N CROSSWISE4
  ,^? H>D OR S(T SOLIDS >E APT 6BE CUT :
D N NECESS>ILY EI SPLIT 9 ADV.E (!
9/RU;T OR BR1K 96M9UTE FRAG;TS :5 !Y >E
2+ DIVID$4 ,^? T NECESS>ILY D S &
LIQUIDS _C 2 CUT4 ,"S ?+S C 2 BO? SPLIT
& CUT1 L WOOD1 ?\< G5],Y X IS L5G?WISE T
A ?+ C 2 SPLIT & CROSSWISE T X C 2 CUT4
,=1 A BODY 2+ DIVID$ 96_M "PS F9 S F> Z
XS UN;Y IS MADE UP ( _M L5G?S X IS APT
6BE SPLIT1 9 S F> Z X IS MADE UP ( _M
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  ,A ?+ IS VISC\S :51 2+ MOI/ OR S(T1 X
IS TRACTILE4 ,BODIES [E ? PROP]TY 6!
9T]LOCK+ ( _! "PS :5 !Y >E -POS$ L *A9S1
= !N !Y C 2 DRAWN \ 6A GRT L5G? &
3TRACT$ AG4 ,BODIES T >E N L ? >E FRIA#4
,BODIES >E -PRESSI# :5 !Y >E SQUEEZA# &
RETA9 ! %APE !Y H BE5 SQUEEZ$ 9TO2
9COMPRESSI# :5 !Y >E EI 9APT 6BE SQUEEZ$
AT ALL OR D N RETA9 ! %APE !Y H BE5
SQUEEZ$ 9TO4
  ,"S BODIES >E -BU/I# & "S >E N4 ,WOOD1
WOOL1 B"O >E -BU/I#2 /"O1 ICE >E N4
,BODIES >E -BU/I# :5 _! PORES >E S* Z
6ADMIT FIRE & _! L;GITUD9AL PORES 3TA9
MOI/URE W1K] ?AN FIRE4 ,IF !Y H NO
MOI/URE1 OR IF1 Z 9 ICE OR V GRE5 WOOD1
! MOI/URE IS /R;G] ?AN FIRE1 !Y >E N
-BU/I#4
  ,^? BODIES GIVE (F FUMES : 3TA9
MOI/URE1 B 9 S* A =M T X DOES N G (F
SEP>ATELY 9 VAP\R :5 !Y >E EXPOS$ 6FIRE4
,= VAP\R IS A MOI/ SECRE;N T5D+ 6!
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( BURN+ H1T4 ,BODIES T GIVE (F FUMES
GIVE (F SECRE;NS (! NATURE ( AIR 0!
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3C]N$ ) N[ DI6]S F O!RS 9 T X IS N MOI/
NOR DOES X 2COME W9D 7: IS A 3T9U\S FL[
( AIR 9 A GIV5 DIREC;N74 ,FUMES >E -MON
SECRE;N ( DRY & MOI/ TGR CAUS$ 0! AG5CY
( BURN+ H1T4 ,H;E !Y D N MOI/5 ?+S B R
COL\R !M4
  ,! FUMES (A WOODY BODY >E CALL$ SMOKE4
7,I M1N 69CLUDE B"OS & HAIR & "EY?+ ( ?
K9D 9 ! SAME CLASS4 ,= "! IS NO "N -MON
6ALL ! OBJECTS T ,I M1N1 B1 = ALL T1 ^!
?+S >E ALL 9 ! SAME CLASS 0ANALOGY4
,-P>E :AT ,EMP$OCLES SAYS3 ,!Y >E "O &!
SAME1 HAIR & L1VES &! ?ICK W+S ( BIRDS &
SCALES T GR[ ON /\T LIMBS47 ,! FUMES (
FAT >E A SOOTY SMOKE & ^? ( OILY SUB/.ES
A GR1SY /1M4 ,OIL DOES N BOIL AWAY OR
?ICK5 0EVAPOR,N 2C X DOES N GIVE (F
VAP\R B FUMES4 ,WAT] ON ! O!R H& DOES N
GIVE (F FUMES1 B VAP\R4 ,SWEET W9E DOES
GIVE (F FUMES1 = X 3TA9S FAT & 2HAVES L
OIL4 ,X DOES N SOLIDIFY "U ! 9FLU;E (
COLD & X IS APT 6BURN4 ,RE,Y X IS N W9E
AT ALL 9 SPITE ( XS "N3 = X DOES N TA/E
L W9E & 3SEQU5TLY DOES N 9EBRIATE Z
ORD9>Y W9E DOES4 ,X 3TA9S B LL FUMIGA#
/UFF & 3SEQU5TLY IS 9FLAMMA#4
  ,ALL BODIES >E -BU/I# T 4SOLVE 96A%ES1
& ALL BODIES D ? T SOLIDIFY "U ! 9FLU;E
EI ( H1T OR ( BO? H1T & COLD2 = WE F9D T
ALL ^! BODIES >E MA/]$ 0FIRE4 ,( /"OS !
PRECI\S /"O CALL$ C>BUNCLE IS L1/ AM5A#
6FIRE4
  ,( -BU/I# BODIES "S >E 9FLAMMA# & "S
>E N1 & "S (! =M] >E REDUC$ 6COALS4 ,^?
>E CALL$ ,89FLAMMA#0' : PRODUCE FLAME &
^? : D N >E CALL$ ,8NON-9FLAMMA#0'4 ,^?
FUMIGA# BODIES T >E N LIQUID >E
9FLAMMA#1 B PIT*1 OIL1 WAX >E 9FLAMMA# 9
3JUNC;N ) O!R BODIES R ?AN 0!MVS4 ,MO/
9FLAMMA# >E ^? BODIES T GIVE (F SMOKE4
,( BODIES ( ? K9D ^? T 3TA9 M E>? ?AN
SMOKE >E APT 6BE REDUC$ 6COALS4 ,"S
BODIES T C 2 MELT$ >E N 9FLAMMA#1 E4G4
COPP]2 & "S BODIES T _C 2 MELT$ >E
9FLAMMA#1 E4G4 WOOD2 & "S BODIES C 2
MELT$ & >E AL 9FLAMMA#1 E4G4 FRANK9C5SE4
,! R1SON IS T WOOD HAS XS MOI/URE ALL
TGR & ? IS 3T9U\S "?\T & S X BURNS UP3
":AS COPP] HAS X 9 EA* "P B N 3T9U\S1 &
9SU6ICI5T 9 QUANT;Y 6GIVE RISE 6FLAME4
,9 FRANK9C5SE X IS 4POS$ 9 BO? ( ^!
WAYS4 ,FUMIGA# BODIES >E 9FLAMMA# :5 E>?
PREDOM9ATES 9 !M & !Y >E 3SEQU5TLY S* Z
6BE UNA# 6MELT4 ,^! >E 9FLAMMA# 2C !Y >E
DRY L FIRE4 ,:5 ? DRY -ES 6BE HOT "! IS
FIRE4 ,? IS :Y FLAME IS BURN+ SMOKE OR
DRY EXHAL,N4 ,! FUMES ( WOOD >E SMOKE1
^? ( WAX & FRANK9C5SE & S*-L1 & PIT* &
:AT"E 3TA9S PIT* OR S*-L >E SOOTY SMOKE1
:ILE ! FUMES ( OIL & OILY SUB/.ES >E A
GR1SY /1M2 S >E ^? ( ALL SUB/.ES : >E N
AT ALL -BU/I# 0!MVS 2C "! IS TOO LL (!
DRY 9 !M 7! DRY 2+ ! M1NS 0: ! TRANSI;N
6FIRE IS E6ECT$71 B BURN V R1DILY 9
3JUNC;N ) "S?+ ELSE4 7,=! FAT IS J !
3JUNC;N (! OILY )! DRY47 ,S ^? BODIES T
GIVE (F FUMES1 L OIL & PIT*1 2L;G R 6!
MOI/1 B ^? T BURN 6! DRY4
                  #AJ
  ,HOMOG5E\S BODIES DI6] 6T\*-BY ^!
A6EC;NS & DI6];ES1 Z WE H SD4 ,!Y AL
DI6] 9 RESPECT ( _! SMELL1 TA/E1 &
COL\R4
  ,0HOMOG5E\S BODIES ,I M1N1 = 9/.E1
,8METALS0'1 GOLD1 COPP]1 SILV]1 T91
IRON1 /"O1 & "EY?+ ELSE ( ? K9D &!
BODIES T >E EXTRACT$ F !M2 AL ! SUB/.ES
F.D 9 ANIMALS & PLANTS1 = 9/.E1 FLE%1
B"OS1 S9EW1 SK91 VISC]A1 HAIR1 FIBRES1
VE9S 7^! >E ! ELE;TS ( : ! NON-HOMOG5E\S
BODIES L ! FACE1 A H&1 A FOOT1 & "EY?+ (
T K9D >E MADE UP71 & 9 PLANTS1 WOOD1
B>K1 L1VES1 ROOTS1 &! RE/ L !M4
  ,! HOMOG5E\S BODIES1 X IS TRUE1 >E
3/ITUT$ 0A DI6]5T CAUSE1 B ! MATT] ( :
!Y >E -POS$ IS ! DRY &! MOI/1 T IS1 WAT]
& E>? 7= ^! BODIES EXHIBIT ^? QUALITIES
MO/ CLE>LY74 ,! AG5TS >E ! HOT &! COLD1
= !Y 3/ITUTE & MAKE 3CRETE ! HOMOG5E\S
BODIES \ ( E>? & WAT] Z MATT]4 ,LET U
3SID]1 !N1 : (! HOMOG5E\S BODIES >E MADE
( E>? & : ( WAT]1 & : ( BO?4
  ,( ORGANIZ$ BODIES "S >E LIQUID1 "S
S(T1 "S H>D4 ,! S(T &! H>D >E 3/ITUT$ 0A
PROCESS ( SOLIDIFIC,N1 Z WE H ALR
EXPLA9$4
  ,^? LIQUIDS T G (F 9 VAP\R >E MADE (
WAT]1 ^? T D N >E EI (! NATURE ( E>?1 OR
A MIXTURE EI ( E>? & WAT]1 L MILK1 OR (
E>? & AIR1 L WOOD1 OR ( WAT] & AIR1 L
OIL4 ,^? LIQUIDS : >E ?ICK5$ 0H1T >E A
MIXTURE4 7,W9E IS A LIQUID : RAISES A
DI6ICULTY3 = X IS BO? LIA# 6EVAPOR,N & X
AL ?ICK5S2 = 9/.E NEW W9E DOES4 ,! R1SON
IS T ! ^W ,8W9E0' IS AMBIGU\S & DI6]5T
,8W9ES0' 2HAVE 9 DI6]5T WAYS4 ,NEW W9E
IS M E>?Y ?AN OLD1 &= ? R1SON X IS M APT
6BE ?ICK5$ 0H1T & LESS APT 6BE 3G1L$
0COLD4 ,= X 3TA9S M* H1T &A GRT PROPOR;N
( E>?1 Z 9 ,>CADIA1 ": X IS S DRI$ UP 9
XS SK9S 0! SMOKE T Y SCRAPE X 6DR9K4 ,IF
ALL W9E HAS "S S$I;T 9 X !N X W 2L;G
6E>? OR 6WAT] AC 6! QUANT;Y (! S$I;T X
POSSESSES47 ,! LIQUIDS T >E ?ICK5$ 0COLD
>E (! NATURE ( E>?2 ^? T >E ?ICK5$ EI
0H1T OR 0COLD 3SI/ ( M ?AN "O ELE;T1 L
OIL & H"OY1 & ,8SWEET W9E0'4
  ,( SOLID BODIES ^? T H BE5 SOLIDIFI$
0COLD >E ( WAT]1 E4G4 ICE1 SN[1 HAIL1
HO>-FRO/4 ,^? SOLIDIFI$ 0H1T >E ( E>?1
E4G4 POTT]Y1 *EESE1 NATRON1 SALT4 ,"S
BODIES >E SOLIDIFI$ 0BO? H1T & COLD4 ,(
? K9D >E ^? SOLIDIFI$ 0REFRIG],N1 T IS
0! PRIV,N BO? ( H1T &(! MOI/URE : DE"PS
)! H1T4 ,= SALT &! BODIES T >E PURELY (
E>? SOLIDIFY 0! PRIV,N ( MOI/URE ONLY1
ICE 0T ( H1T ONLY1 ^! BODIES 0T ( BO?4
,S BO? ! ACTIVE QUALITIES & BO? K9DS (
MATT] 7 9VOLV$ 9 ! PROCESS4 ,( ^! BODIES
^? F : ALL ! MOI/URE HAS G"O >E ALL ( !M
( E>?1 L POTT]Y OR AMB]4 7,= AMB]1 AL1 &
! BODIES CALL$ ,8TE>S0' >E =M$
0REFRIG],N1 L MYRRH1 FRANK9C5SE1 GUM4
,AMB]1 TOO1 APPE>S 62L;G 6? CLASS ( ?+S3
! ANIMALS 5CLOS$ 9 X %[ T X IS =M$
0SOLIDIFIC,N4 ,! H1T IS DRIV5 \ ( X 0!
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6EVAPORATE ) X1 Z 9 ! CASE ( H"OY :5 X
HAS BE5 H1T$ & IS IMM]S$ 9 WAT]47 ,"S (
^! BODIES _C 2 MELT$ OR S(T5$2 = 9/.E1
AMB] & C]TA9 /"OS1 E4G4 ! /ALACTITES 9
CAVES4 7,= ^! /ALACTITES1 TOO1 >E =M$ 9
! SAME WAY3 ! AG5T IS N FIRE1 B COLD :
DRIVES \ ! H1T1 :1 Z X L1VES ! BODY1
DRAWS \ ! MOI/URE ) X3 9 ! O!R CLASS (
BODIES ! AG5T IS EXT]NAL FIRE47 ,9 ^? F
: ! MOI/URE HAS N :OLLY G"O E>? /
PREPOND]ATES1 B !Y ADMIT ( S(T5+ 0H1T1
E4G4 IRON & HORN4
  ,N[ S9CE WE M/ 9CLUDE AM;G ,8MELTA#S0'
^? BODIES : >E MELT$ 0FIRE1 ^! 3TA9 "S
WAT]3 9DE$ "S ( !M1 L WAX1 >E -MON 6E>?
& WAT] ALIKE4 ,B ^? T >E MELT$ 0WAT] >E
( E>?4 ,^? T >E N MELT$ EI 0FIRE OR WAT]
>E ( E>?1 OR ( E>? & WAT]4
  ,S9CE1 !N1 ALL BODIES >E EI LIQUID OR
SOLID1 & S9CE ! ?+S T 4PLAY ! A6EC;NS WE
H ENUM]AT$ 2L;G 6^! TWO CLASSES & "! IS
NO?+ 9T]M$IATE1 X FOLL[S T WE H GIV5 A
-PLETE A3.T (! CRIT]IA = 4T+UI%+ :E!R A
BODY 3SI/S ( E>? OR ( WAT] OR ( M ELE;TS
?AN "O1 & :E!R FIRE 0 ! AG5T 9 XS =M,N1
OR COLD1 OR BO?4
  ,GOLD1 !N1 & SILV] & COPP] & T9 & L1D
& GLASS & _M "N.S /"O >E ( WAT]3 = !Y >E
ALL MELT$ 0H1T4 ,( WAT]1 TOO1 >E "S W9ES
& UR9E & V9EG> & LYE & :EY & S]UM3 = !Y
>E ALL 3G1L$ 0COLD4 ,9 IRON1 HORN1
NAILS1 B"OS1 S9EWS1 WOOD1 HAIR1 L1VES1
B>K1 E>? PREPOND]ATES4 ,S1 TOO1 9 AMB]1
MYRRH1 FRANK9C5SE1 & ALL ! SUB/.ES CALL$
,8TE>S0'1 & /ALACTITES1 & FRUITS1 S* Z
LEGUM9\S PLANTS & CORN4 ,= ?+S ( ? K9D
>E1 6A GRT] OR LESS DEGREE1 ( E>?4 ,=(
ALL ^! BODIES "S ADMIT ( S(T5+ 0H1T1 !
RE/ GIVE (F FUMES & >E =M$ 0REFRIG],N4
,S AG 9 NATRON1 SALT1 & ^? K9DS ( /"OS T
>E N =M$ 0REFRIG],N & _C 2 MELT$4
,BLOOD1 ON ! O!R H&1 & SEM51 >E MADE UP
( E>? & WAT] & AIR4 ,IF ! BLOOD 3TA9S
FIBRES1 E>? PREPOND]ATES 9 X3 3SEQU5TLY
XS SOLIDIFIES 0REFRIG],N & IS MELT$
0LIQUIDS2 IF N1 X IS ( WAT] & "!=E DOES
N SOLIDIFY4 ,SEM5 SOLIDIFIES 0REFRIG],N1
XS MOI/URE L1V+ X TGR ) XS H1T4
                  #AA
  ,WE M/ 9VE/IGATE 9 ! LI<T (! RESULTS
WE H >RIV$ AT :AT SOLID OR LIQUID BODIES
>E HOT & :AT COLD4
  ,BODIES 3SI/+ ( WAT] >E -MONLY COLD1
UN.S 7L LYE1 UR9E1 W9E7 !Y 3TA9 =EIGN
H1T4 ,BODIES 3SI/+ ( E>?1 ON ! O!R H&1
>E -MONLY HOT 2C H1T 0 ACTIVE 9 =M+ !M3
= 9/.E LIME & A%ES4
  ,WE M/ RECOGNIZE T COLD IS 9 A S5SE !
MATT] ( BODIES4 ,=! DRY &! MOI/ >E MATT]
72+ PASSIVE7 & E>? & WAT] >E ! ELE;TS T
PRIM>ILY EMBODY !M1 & !Y >E "*IZ$ 0COLD4
,3SEQU5TLY COLD M/ PREDOM9ATE 9 E BODY T
3SI/S ( "O OR O!R (! ELE;TS SIMPLY1 UN.S
S* A BODY 3TA9S =EIGN H1T Z WAT] DOES :5
X BOILS OR :5 X HAS BE5 /RA9$ "? A%ES4
,? LATT]1 TOO1 HAS ACQUIR$ H1T F ! A%ES1
= "EY?+ T HAS BE5 BURNT 3TA9S M OR LESS
H1T4 ,? EXPLA9S ! G5],N ( ANIMALS 9
PUTREFY+ BODIES3 ! PUTREFY+ BODY 3TA9S !
H1T : DE/ROY$ XS PROP] H1T4
  ,BODIES MADE UP ( E>? & WAT] >E HOT1 =
MO/ ( !M DERIVE _! EXI/;E F 3COC;N &
H1T1 ?\< "S1 L ! WA/E PRODUCTS (! BODY1
>E PRODUCTS ( PUTREFAC;N4 ,?US BLOOD1
SEM51 M>R[1 FIGJUICE1 & ALL ?+S (! K9DS
>E HOT Z L;G Z !Y >E 9 _! NATURAL /ATE1
B :5 !Y P]I% & FALL AWAY F T /ATE !Y >E
S NO L;G]4 ,= :AT IS LEFT ( !M IS _!
MATT] & T IS E>? & WAT]4 ,H;E BO? VIEWS
>E HELD AB !M1 "S P MA9TA9+ !M 6BE COLD
& O!RS 6BE W>M2 = !Y >E OBS]V$ 6BE HOT
:5 !Y >E 9 _! NATURAL /ATE1 B 6SOLIDIFY
:5 !Y H FALL5 AWAY F X4 ,T1 !N1 IS !
CASE ( MIX$ BODIES4 ,H["E1 ! 4T9C;N WE
LAID D[N HOLDS GD3 IF XS MATT] IS
PREDOM9ANTLY WAT] A BODY IS COLD 7WAT]
2+ ! -PLETE OPPOSITE ( FIRE71 B IF E>?
OR AIR X T5DS 6BE W>M4
  ,X "S"TS HAPP5S T ! COLDE/ BODIES C 2
RAIS$ 6! HI<E/ TEMP]ATURE 0=EIGN H1T2 =!
MO/ SOLID &! H>DE/ BODIES >E COLDE/ :5
DEPRIV$ ( H1T & MO/ BURN+ AF EXPOSURE
6FIRE3 ?US WAT] IS M BURN+ ?AN SMOKE &
/"O ?AN WAT]4
                  #AB
  ,HAV+ EXPLA9$ ALL ? WE M/ DESCRIBE !
NATURE ( FLE%1 B"O1 &! O!R HOMOG5E\S
BODIES S"E,Y4
  ,\R A3.T (! =M,N (! HOMOG5E\S BODIES
HAS GIV5 U ! ELE;TS \ ( : !Y >E -P.D$ &!
CLASSES 96: !Y FALL1 & HAS MADE X CLE>
6: CLASS EA* ( ^? BODIES 2L;GS4 ,!
HOMOG5E\S BODIES >E MADE UP (! ELE;TS1 &
ALL ! "WS ( NATURE 9 TURN (! HOMOG5E\S
BODIES Z MATT]4 ,ALL ! HOMOG5E\S BODIES
3SI/ (! ELE;TS DESCRIB$1 Z MATT]1 B _!
ESS5TIAL NATURE IS DET]M9$ 0_! DEF9I;N4
,? FACT IS ALW CLE>] 9 ! CASE (! LAT]
PRODUCTS ( ^?1 9 FACT1 T >E 9/RU;TS1 Z X
W]E1 & H AN 5D3 X IS CLE>]1 = 9/.E1 T A
D1D MAN IS A MAN ONLY 9 "N4 ,& S ! H& (A
D1D MAN1 TOO1 W 9 ! SAME WAY 2 A H& 9 "N
ONLY1 J Z /"O FLUTES MI<T / 2 CALL$
FLUTES3 = ^! MEMB]S1 TOO1 >E 9/RU;TS (A
K9D4 ,B 9 ! CASE ( FLE% & B"O ! FACT IS
N S CLE> 6SEE1 & 9 T ( FIRE & WAT] EV5
LESS4 ,=! 5D IS L1/ OBVI\S "! ": MATT]
PREDOM9ATES MO/4 ,IF Y TAKE ! EXTREMES1
MATT] IS PURE MATT] &! ESS;E IS PURE
DEF9I;N2 B ! BODIES 9T]M$IATE 2T ! TWO
>E MATT] OR DEF9I;N 9 PROPOR;N Z !Y >E
NE> 6EI4 ,= EA* ( ^? ELE;TS HAS AN 5D &
IS N WAT] OR FIRE 9 ANY & E 3DI;N ( XF1
J Z FLE% IS N FLE% NOR VISC]A VISC]A1 &!
SAME IS TRUE 9 A HI<] DEGREE ) FACE &
H&4 ,:AT A ?+ IS ALW DET]M9$ 0XS FUNC;N3
A ?+ RE,Y IS XF :5 X C P]=M XS FUNC;N2
AN EYE1 = 9/.E1 :5 X C SEE4 ,:5 A ?+ _C
D S X IS T ?+ ONLY 9 "N1 L A D1D EYE OR
"O MADE ( /"O1 J Z A WOOD5 SAW IS NO M A
SAW ?AN "O 9 A PICTURE4 ,! SAME1 !N1 IS
TRUE ( FLE%1 EXCEPT T XS FUNC;N IS LESS
CLE> ?AN T (! T;GUE4 ,S1 TOO1 ) FIRE2 B
XS FUNC;N IS P]H EV5 H>D] 6SPECIFY
0PHYSICAL 9QUIRY ?AN T ( FLE%4 ,! "PS (
PLANTS1 & 9ANIMATE BODIES L COPP] &
SILV]1 >E 9 ! SAME CASE4 ,!Y ALL >E :AT
!Y >E 9 VIRTUE (A C]TA9 P[] ( AC;N OR
PAS.N-J L FLE% & S9EW4 ,B WE _C /ATE _!
=M A3URATELY1 & S X IS N EASY 6TELL :5
!Y >E RE,Y "! & :5 !Y >E N UN.S ! BODY
IS ?OR\<LY CORRUPT$ & XS %APE ONLY
REMA9S4 ,S ANCI5T CORPSES SU45LY 2COME
A%ES 9 ! GRAVE & V OLD FRUIT PRES]VES XS
%APE ONLY B N XS TA/E3 S1 TOO1 )! SOLIDS
T =M F MILK4
  ,N[ H1T & COLD &! MO;NS !Y SET UP Z !
BODIES >E SOLIDIFI$ 0! HOT &! COLD >E
SU6ICI5T 6=M ALL S* "PS Z >E ! HOMOG5E\S
BODIES1 FLE%1 B"O1 HAIR1 S9EW1 &! RE/4
,= !Y >E ALL ( !M DI6]5TIAT$ 0! V>I\S
QUALITIES ENUM]AT$ ABV1 T5.N1 TRACTIL;Y1
-M9UIBIL;Y1 H>D;S1 S(T;S1 &! RE/ ( !M3
ALL ( : >E DERIV$ F ! HOT &! COLD &!
MIXTURE ( _! MO;NS4 ,B NO "O WD G Z F> Z
63SID] !M SU6ICI5T 9 ! CASE (! NON-
HOMOG5E\S "PS 7L ! H1D1 ! H&1 OR ! FOOT7
: ^! HOMOG5E\S "PS G 6MAKE UP4 ,COLD &
H1T & _! MO;N WD 2 ADMITT$ 6A3.T =! =M,N
( COPP] OR SILV]1 B N = T (A SAW1 A B[L1
OR A BOX4 ,S "H1 SAVE T 9 ! EXAMPLES
GIV5 ! CAUSE IS >T1 B 9 ! NONHOMOG5E\S
BODIES NATURE OR "S O!R CAUSE4
  ,S9CE1 !N1 WE "K 6:AT ELE;T EA* (!
HOMOG5E\S BODIES 2L;GS1 WE M/ N[ F9D !
DEF9I;N ( EA* ( !M1 ! ANSW]1 T IS1 6!
"Q1 ,8:AT IS0' FLE%1 SEM51 &! RE/8 ,= WE
"K ! CAUSE (A ?+ & XS DEF9I;N :5 WE "K !
MAT]IAL OR ! =MAL OR1 BETT]1 BO? !
MAT]IAL &! =MAL 3DI;NS ( XS G5],N &
DE/RUC;N1 &! E6ICI5T CAUSE ( X4
  ,AF ! HOMOG5E\S BODIES H BE5 EXPLA9$
WE M/ 3SID] ! NON-HOMOG5E\S TOO1 & LA/LY
! BODIES MADE UP ( ^!1 S* Z MAN1 PLANTS1
&! RE/4

