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                   #B
  ,9 DIALECTICS1 SYLLOGISM %D 2 EMPLOY$
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  ,"! >E C]TA9 HYPO!SES ^U : X IS AT
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                   #D
  ,Z 6! =MUL,N1 !N1 & >RANGE;T ( "O'S
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                   #E
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                   #F
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                   #G
  ,! "Q] %D 2 MET 9 A L MANN] AL 9 !
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                   #H
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                   #I
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                  #AJ
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                  #AA
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"PN]1 CLE>LY APPLIES 6AN >GU;T Z WELL2 =
9 >GU;TS Z WELL "! IS A -MON AIM 9 VIEW1
EXCEPT ) M]E 3TE/ANTS1 = ^! _C BO? R1* !
SAME GOAL2 = M ?AN "O _C POSSIBLY W94 ,X
MAKES NO DI6];E :E!R HE E6ECTS ? Z
ANSW]] OR Z "Q]3 = BO? HE :O ASKS
3T5TI\S "QS IS A BAD DIALECTICIAN1 & AL
HE :O 9 ANSW]+ FAILS 6GRANT ! OBVI\S
ANSW] OR 6"U/& ! PO9T (! "Q]'S 9QUIRY4
,:AT HAS BE5 SD1 !N1 MAKES X CLE> T
ADV]SE CRITICISM IS N 6BE PASS$ 9 A L
/RA9 ^U ! >GU;T ON XS [N M]ITS1 & ^U !
"Q]3 = X MAY V WELL 2 T ! >GU;T IS BAD1
B T ! "Q] HAS >GU$ )! ANSW]] 9 ! BE/
POSSI# WAY3 = :5 M5 LOSE _! TEMP]S1 X
MAY P]H 2 IMPOSSI# 6MAKE "O'S 9F];ES
/RAI<T-=W>DLY Z "O WD WI%3 WE H 6D Z WE
C4
  ,9ASM* Z X IS 9DET]M9ATE :5 P >E
CLAIM+ ! ADMIS.N ( 3TR>Y ?+S1 & :5 !Y >E
CLAIM+ :AT ORIG9,Y !Y SET \ 6PROVE-= (T5
:5 !Y >E TALK+ 0!MVS !Y SAY 3TR>Y ?+S1 &
ADMIT AFWS :AT !Y H PREVI\SLY D5I$2 = :
R1SON !Y (T5 ASS5T1 :5 "Q$1 63TR>Y ?+S &
6:AT ORIG9,Y _H 6BE PROV$-! >GU;T IS
SURE 62COME VITIAT$4 ,! RESPONSIBIL;Y1
H["E1 = ? RE/S )! ANSW]]1 2C :ILE REFUS+
6GRANT O!R PO9TS1 HE DOES GRANT PO9TS (
T K9D4 ,X IS1 !N1 CLE> T ADV]SE
CRITICISM IS N 6BE PASS$ 9 A L MANN] ^U
"Q]S & ^U _! >GU;TS4
  ,9 XF AN >GU;T IS LIA# 6FIVE K9DS (
ADV]SE CRITICISM3
7#A7 ,! F/ IS :5 NEI ! PROPOS$ 3CLU.N
  NOR 9DE$ ANY 3CLU.N AT ALL IS DRAWN F
  ! "QS ASK$1 & :5 MO/1 IF N ALL1 (!
  PREMISSES ON : ! 3CLU.N RE/S >E FALSE
  OR G5],Y REJECT$1 :51 MOREOV]1 NEI ANY
  )DRAWALS NOR A4I;NS NOR BO? TGR C BR+
  ! 3CLU.NS AB4
7#B7 ,! SECOND IS1 SUPPOS+ ! R1SON+1 ?\<
  3/RUCT$ F ! PREMISSES1 & 9 ! MANN]1
  DESCRIB$ ABV1 7 6BE IRRELEVANT 6!
  ORIG9AL POSI;N4
7#C7 ,! ?IRD IS1 SUPPOS+ C]TA9 A4I;NS WD
  BR+ AN 9F];E AB B YET ^! A4I;NS 7 6BE
  W1K] ?AN ^? T 7 PUT Z "QS & LESS G5],Y
  HELD ?AN ! 3CLU.N4
7#D7 ,AG1 SUPPOS+ C]TA9 )DRAWALS CD
  E6ECT ! SAME3 = "S"TS P SECURE M
  PREMISSES ?AN >E NEC1 S T X IS N "? !M
  T ! 9F];E -ES AB4
7#E7 ,MOREOV]1 SUPPOSE ! PREMISSES 2
  LESS G5],Y HELD & LESS CR$I# ?AN !
  3CLU.N1 OR IF1 ?\< TRUE1 !Y REQUIRE M
  TR\# 6PROVE ?AN ! PROPOS$ VIEW4
  ,"O M/ N CLAIM T ! R1SON+ 6A PROPOS$
VIEW % 9 E CASE EQU,Y 2 A VIEW G5],Y
A3EPT$ & 3V9C+3 = X IS A DIRECT RESULT (
! NATURE ( ?+S T "S SUBJECTS ( 9QUIRY %
2 EASI] & "S H>D]1 S T IF A MAN BR+S P
6A3EPT 8 PO9T F OP9IONS T >E Z G5],Y
RCVD Z ! CASE ADMITS1 HE HAS >GU$ 8 CASE
CORRECTLY4 ,CLE>LY1 !N1 N EV5 ! >GU;T XF
IS OP5 6! SAME ADV]SE CRITICISM :5 TAK5
9 REL,N 6! PROPOS$ 3CLU.N & :5 TAK5 0XF4
,= "! IS NO?+ 6PREV5T ! >GU;T 2+ OP5
6REPROA* 9 XF1 & YET -M5DA# 9 REL,N 6!
PROPOS$ 3CLU.N1 OR AG1 VICE V]SA1 2+
-M5DA# 9 XF1 & YET OP5 6REPROA* 9 REL,N
6! PROPOS$ 3CLU.N1 :5"E "! >E _M
PROPOSI;NS BO? G5],Y HELD & AL TRUE ":BY
X CD EASILY 2 PROV$4 ,X IS POSSI# AL T
AN >GU;T1 EV5 ?\< BR"\ 6A 3CLU.N1 MAY
"S"TS 2 WORSE ?AN "O : IS N S 3CLUD$1
:5"E ! PREMISSES (! =M] >E SILLY1 :ILE
XS 3CLU.N IS N S2 ":AS ! LATT]1 ?\<
REQUIR+ C]TA9 A4I;NS1 REQUIRES ONLY S* Z
>E G5],Y HELD & TRUE1 & MOREOV] DOES N
RE/ Z AN >GU;T ON ^! A4I;NS4 ,) ^? : BR+
AB A TRUE 3CLU.N 0M1NS ( FALSE
PREMISSES1 X IS N FAIR 6F9D FAULT3 =A
FALSE 3CLU.N M/ ( NECESS;Y ALW 2 R1*$ F
A FALSE PREMISS1 B A TRUE 3CLU.N MAY
"S"TS 2 DRAWN EV5 F FALSE PREMISSES2 Z
IS CLE> F ! ,ANALYTICS4
  ,:5"E 0! >GU;T /AT$ "S?+ IS
DEMON/RAT$1 B T "S?+ IS O!R ?AN :AT IS
WANT$ & HAS NO BE>+ :AT"E ON ! 3CLU.N1
!N NO 9F];E Z 6! LATT] C 2 DRAWN F X3 &
IF "! APPE>S 6BE1 X W 2 A SOPHISM1 N A
PRO(4 ,A PHILOSOPHEME IS A DEMON/RATIVE
9F];E3 AN EPI*IREME IS A DIALECTICAL
9F];E3 A SOPHISM IS A 3T5TI\S 9F];E3 AN
APOREME IS AN 9F];E T R1SONS DIALECTIC,Y
6A 3TRADIC;N4
  ,IF "S?+ 7 6BE %[N F PREMISSES1 BO? (
: >E VIEWS G5],Y A3EPT$1 B N A3EPT$ ) L
3VIC;N1 X MAY V WELL 2 T ! 3CLU.N %[N IS
"S?+ HELD M /R;GLY ?AN EI4 ,IF1 ON ! O!R
H&1 G5]AL OP9ION 2 =! "O & NEI = NOR AG/
! O!R1 OR IF X 2 =! "O & AG/ ! O!R1 !N1
IF ! PRO & CON 2 ALIKE 9 ! CASE (!
PREMISSES1 !Y W 2 ALIKE =! 3CLU.N AL3
IF1 ON ! O!R H&1 ! "O PREPOND]ATES1 !
3CLU.N TOO W FOLL[ SUIT4
  ,X IS AL A FAULT 9 R1SON+ :5 A MAN %[S
"S?+ "? A L;G *A9 ( /EPS1 :5 HE MI<T
EMPLOY FEW] /EPS & ^? ALR 9CLUD$ 9 8
>GU;T3 SUPPOSE HM 6BE %[+ 7E4G47 T "O
OP9ION IS M PROP]LY S CALL$ ?AN ANO!R1 &
SUPPOSE HM 6MAKE 8 PO/ULATES Z FOLL[S3
'X-IN-XF IS M FULLY ;X ?AN ANY?+ ELSE0'3
,8"! G5U9ELY EXI/S AN OBJECT ( OP9ION 9
XF0'3 "!=E ,8! OBJECT-(-OP9ION-IN-XF IS
M FULLY AN OBJECT ( OP9ION ?AN ! "PICUL>
OBJECTS ( OP9ION0'4 ,N[ 'A RELATIVE T]M
IS M FULLY XF :5 XS CORRELATE IS M FULLY
XF0'3 & ,8"! EXI/S A G5U9E OP9ION-IN-XF1
: W 2 8OP9ION0 9 A M A3URATE S5SE ?AN !
"PICUL> OP9IONS0'3 & X HAS BE5 PO/ULAT$
BO? T 'A G5U9E OP9ION-IN-XF EXI/S0'1 & T
'X-IN-XF IS M FULLY ;X ?AN ANY?+ ELSE0'3
"!=E ,8? W 2 OP9ION 9 A M A3URATE
S5SE0'4 ,":9 LIES ! VICI\S;S (! R1SON+8
,SIMPLY 9 T X 3C1LS ! GR.D ON : ! >GU;T
DEP5DS4
                  #AB
  ,AN >GU;T IS CLE> 9 "O1 & T ! MO/
ORD9>Y1 S5SE1 IF X 2 S BR"\ 6A 3CLU.N Z
6MAKE NO FUR!R "QS NEC3 9 ANO!R S5SE1 &
? IS ! TYPE MO/ USU,Y ADV.ED1 :5 !
PROPOSI;NS SECUR$ >E S* Z -PEL ! 3CLU.N1
&! >GU;T IS 3CLUD$ "? PREMISSES T >E
!MVS 3CLU.NS3 MOREOV]1 X IS S AL IF "S
/EP IS OMITT$ T G5],Y IS FIRMLY A3EPT$4
,AN >GU;T IS CALL$ FALLACI\S 9 F\R
  S5SES3
7#A7 :5 X APPE>S 6BE BR"\ 6A 3CLU.N1 &
  IS N RE,Y S-:AT IS CALL$ ,83T5TI\S0'
  R1SON+3
7#B7 :5 X -ES 6A 3CLU.N B N 6! 3CLU.N
  PROPOS$-: HAPP5S PR9CIP,Y 9 ! CASE (
  REDUC;NES AD IMPOSSIBILE3
7#C7 :5 X -ES 6! PROPOS$ 3CLU.N B N AC
  6! MODE ( 9QUIRY APPROPRIATE 6! CASE1
  Z HAPP5S :5 A NON-M$ICAL >GU;T IS TAK5
  6BE A M$ICAL "O1 OR "O : IS N
  GEOMETRICAL =A GEOMETRICAL >GU;T1 OR
  "O : IS N DIALECTICAL = DIALECTICAL1
  :E!R ! RESULT R1*$ 2 TRUE OR FALSE3
7#D7 IF ! 3CLU.N 2 R1*$ "? FALSE
  PREMISSES3 ( ? TYPE ! 3CLU.N IS "S"TS
  FALSE1 "S"TS TRUE3 = :ILE A FALSE
  3CLU.N IS ALW ! RESULT ( FALSE
  PREMISSES1 A TRUE 3CLU.N MAY 2 DRAWN
  EV5 F PREMISSES T >E N TRUE1 Z 0 SD
  ABV Z WELL4
  ,FALLACY 9 >GU;T IS DUE 6A MISTAKE (!
>GU] R ?AN (! >GU;T3 YET X IS N ALW !
FAULT (! >GU] EI1 B ONLY :5 HE IS N AW>E
( X3 = WE (T5 A3EPT ON XS M]ITS 9
PREF];E 6_M TRUE "OS AN >GU;T :
DEMOLI%ES "S TRUE PROPOSI;N IF X DOES S
F PREMISSES Z F> Z POSSI# G5],Y A3EPT$4
,= AN >GU;T ( T K9D DOES DEMON/RATE O!R
?+S T >E TRUE3 = "O (! PREMISSES LAID
D[N "\ N"E 6BE "! AT ALL1 & ? W !N 2
DEMON/RAT$4 ,IF1 H["E1 A TRUE 3CLU.N 7
6BE R1*$ "? PREMISSES T >E FALSE &
UTT]LY *ILDI%1 ! >GU;T IS WORSE ?AN _M
>GU;TS T L1D 6A FALSE 3CLU.N1 ?\< AN
>GU;T : L1DS 6A FALSE 3CLU.N MAY AL 2 (
? TYPE4 ,CLE>LY !N ! F/ ?+ 6ASK 9 REG>D
6! >GU;T 9 XF IS1 ,8,HAS X A 3CLU.N80'2
! SECOND1 ,8,IS ! 3CLU.N TRUE OR
FALSE80'2 ! ?IRD1 ,8,( :AT K9D (
PREMISSES DOES X 3SI/80'3 = IF ! LATT]1
?\< FALSE1 2 G5],Y A3EPT$1 ! >GU;T IS
DIALECTICAL1 ":AS IF1 ?\< TRUE1 !Y 2
G5],Y REJECT$1 X IS BAD3 IF !Y 2 BO?
FALSE & AL 5TIRELY 3TR>Y 6G5]AL OP9ION1
CLE>LY X IS BAD1 EI ALT OR ELSE 9 REL,N
6! "PICUL> MATT] 9 H&4
                  #AC
  ,(! WAYS 9 : A "Q] MAY BEG ! ORIG9AL
"Q & AL BEG 3TR>IES ! TRUE A3.T HAS BE5
GIV5 9 ! ,ANALYTICS30' B AN A3.T ON !
LEVEL ( G5]AL OP9ION M/ 2 GIV5 N[4
  ,P APPE> 6BEG _! ORIG9AL "Q 9 FIVE
WAYS3 ! F/ & MO/ OBVI\S 2+ IF ANY "O
BEGS ! ACTUAL PO9T REQUIR+ 6BE %[N3 ? IS
EASILY DETECT$ :5 PUT 9 S _M ^WS2 B X IS
M APT 6ESCAPE DETEC;N 9 ! CASE ( DI6]5T
T]MS1 OR A T]M & AN EXPRES.N1 T M1N !
SAME ?+4 ,A SECOND WAY O3URS :5"E ANY "O
BEGS UNIV]S,Y "S?+ : HE HAS 6DEMON/RATE
9 A "PICUL> CASE3 SUPPOSE 7E4G47 HE 7
TRY+ 6PROVE T ! K ( 3TR>IES IS "O & 7
6CLAIM T ! K ( OPPOSITES 9 G5]AL IS "O3
= !N HE IS G5],Y ?"\ 6BE BE7+1 AL;G )A
NUMB] ( O!R ?+S1 T : HE "\ 6H %[N 0XF4
,A ?IRD WAY IS IF ANY "O 7 6BEG 9
"PICUL> CASES :AT HE "UTAKES 6%[
UNIV]S,Y3 E4G4 IF HE "UTOOK 6%[ T ! K (
3TR>IES IS ALW "O1 & BE7$ X ( C]TA9
PAIRS ( 3TR>IES3 = HE AL IS G5],Y 3SID]$
6BE BE7+ 9DEP5D5TLY & 0XF :AT1 TGR )A
NUMB] ( O!R ?+S1 HE "\ 6H %[N4 ,AG1 A
MAN BEGS ! "Q IF HE BEGS 8 3CLU.N
PIECEM1L3 SUPPOS+ E4G4 T HE _H 6%[ T
M$IC9E IS A SCI;E ( :AT L1DS 6H1L? &
641SE1 & 7 6CLAIM F/ ! "O1 !N ! O!R2 OR1
FIF?LY1 IF HE 7 6BEG ! "O OR ! O!R (A
PAIR ( /ATE;TS T NECESS>ILY 9VOLVE "O
O!R2 E4G4 IF HE _H 6%[ T ! DIAGONAL IS
9COMM5SURA# )! SIDE1 & 7 6BEG T ! SIDE
IS 9COMM5SURA# )! DIAGONAL4
  ,! WAYS 9 : P ASSUME 3TR>IES >E EQUAL
9 NUMB] 6^? 9 : !Y BEG _! ORIG9AL "Q4 ,=
X WD HAPP51 F/LY1 IF ANY "O 7 6BEG AN
OPPOSITE A6IRM,N & NEG,N2 SECONDLY1 IF
HE 7 6BEG ! 3TR>Y T]MS ( AN ANTI!SIS1
E4G4 T ! SAME ?+ IS GD & EVIL2 ?IRDLY1
SUPPOSE ANY "O 7 6CLAIM "S?+ UNIV]S,Y &
!N PROCE$ 6BEG XS 3TRADICTORY 9 "S
"PICUL> CASE1 E4G4 IF HAV+ SECUR$ T ! K
( 3TR>IES IS "O1 HE 7 6CLAIM T ! K ( :AT
MAKES = H1L? OR = 41SE IS DI6]5T2 OR1
F\R?LY1 SUPPOSE HM1 AF PO/ULAT+ ! LATT]
VIEW1 6TRY 6SECURE UNIV]S,Y !
3TRADICTORY /ATE;T4 ,AG1 FIF?LY1 SUPPOSE
A MAN BEGS ! 3TR>Y (! 3CLU.N :
NECESS>ILY -ES AB "? ! PREMISSES LAID
D[N2 & ? WD HAPP5 SUPPOSE1 EV5 )\T BE7+
! OPPOSITES 9 S _M ^WS1 HE 7 6BEG TWO
PREMISSES S* T ? 3TRADICTORY /ATE;T T IS
OPPOSITE 6! F/ 3CLU.N W FOLL[ F !M4 ,!
SECUR+ ( 3TR>IES DI6]S F BE7+ ! ORIG9AL
"Q 9 ? WAY3 9 ! LATT] CASE ! MISTAKE
LIES 9 REG>D 6! 3CLU.N2 = X IS 0A GL.E
AT ! 3CLU.N T WE TELL T ! ORIG9AL "Q HAS
BE5 BE7$3 ":AS 3TR>Y VIEWS LIE 9 !
PREMISSES1 VIZ4 9 A C]TA9 REL,N : !Y BE>
6"O ANO!R4
                  #AD
  ,! BE/ WAY 6SECURE TRA9+ & PRACTICE 9
>GU;TS ( ? K9D IS 9 ! F/ PLACE 6GET 96!
HABIT ( 3V]T+ ! >GU;TS4 ,= 9 ? WAY WE %
2 BETT] EQUIPP$ = D1L+ )! PROPOSI;N
/AT$1 & AF A FEW ATTEMPTS WE % "K S"EAL
>GU;TS 0HE>T4 ,= BY ,83V].N0' ( AN >GU;T
IS M1NT ! TAK+ ! REV]SE (! 3CLU.N TGR )!
REMA9+ PROPOSI;NS ASK$ & S DEMOLI%+ "O (
^? T 7 3C$$3 = X FOLL[S NECESS>ILY T IF
! 3CLU.N 2 UNTRUE1 "S "O (! PREMISSES IS
DEMOLI%$1 SEE+ T1 GIV5 ALL ! PREMISSES1
! 3CLU.N 0 B.D 6FOLL[4 ,ALW1 9 D1L+ )
ANY PROPOSI;N1 2 ON ! LOOK-\ =A L9E (
>GU;T BO? PRO & CON3 & ON 4COV]+ X AT
ONCE SET AB LOOK+ =! SOLU;N ( X3 = 9 ?
WAY Y W SOON F9D T Y H TRA9$ YRF AT !
SAME "T 9 BO? ASK+ "QS & ANSW]+ !M4 ,IF
WE _C F9D ANY "O ELSE 6>GUE )1 WE %D
>GUE ) \RVS4 ,SELECT1 MOREOV]1 >GU;TS
RELAT+ 6! SAME !SIS & RANGE !M SIDE
0SIDE3 = ? PRODUCES A PL5TI;L SUPPLY (
>GU;TS = C>RY+ A PO9T 0%E] =CE1 & 9
REFUT,N AL X IS ( GRT S]VICE1 :5"E "O IS
WELL /OCK$ ) >GU;TS PRO & CON3 = !N Y
F9D YRF ON YR GU>D AG/ 3TR>Y /ATE;TS 6!
"O Y WI% 6SECURE4 ,MOREOV]1 Z 3TRIBUT+
6K & 6PHILOSOPHIC WISDOM ! P[] ( 4C]N+ &
HOLD+ 9 "O VIEW ! RESULTS ( EI ( TWO
HYPO!SES IS NO M1N 9/RU;T2 = X !N ONLY
REMA9S 6MAKE A "R *OICE ( "O ( !M4 ,=A
TASK ( ? K9D A C]TA9 NATURAL ABIL;Y IS
REQUIR$3 9 FACT R1L NATURAL ABIL;Y J IS
! P[] "R 6*OOSE ! TRUE & %UN ! FALSE4
,M5 ( NATURAL ABIL;Y C D ?2 = 0A "R LIK+
OR 4LIK+ = :AT"E IS PROPOS$ 6!M !Y "RLY
SELECT :AT IS BE/4
  ,X IS BE/ 6"K 0HE>T >GU;TS ^U ^? "QS :
>E ( MO/ FREQU5T O3URR;E1 & "PICUL>LY 9
REG>D 6^? PROPOSI;NS : >E ULTIMATE3 = 9
4CUSS+ ^! ANSW]]S FREQU5TLY GIVE UP 9
DESPAIR4 ,MOREOV]1 GET A GD /OCK (
DEF9I;NS3 & H ^? ( FAMILI> & PRIM>Y ID1S
AT YR F+]S' 5DS3 = X IS "? ^! T R1SON+S
>E E6ECT$4 ,Y %D TRY1 MOREOV]1 6MA/] !
H1DS "U : O!R >GU;TS MO/LY T5D 6FALL4 ,=
J Z 9 GEOMETRY X IS USE;L 6BE PRACTIS$ 9
! ELE;TS1 & 9 >I?METIC 6H ! MULTIPLIC,N
TA# UP 6T5 AT "O'S F+]S' 5DS-& 9DE$ X
MAKES A GRT DI6];E 9 "O'S K (! MULTIPLES
( O!R NUMB]S TOO-LIKEWISE AL 9 >GU;TS X
IS A GRT ADVANTAGE 6BE WELL UP 9 REG>D
6F/ PR9CIPLES1 & 6H A ?OR\< K (
PREMISSES AT ! TIP ( "O'S T;GUE4 ,= J Z
9 A P]SON )A TRA9$ MEMORY1 A MEMORY (
?+S !MVS IS IMMLY CAUS$ 0! M]E M5;N ( _!
LOCI1 S ^! HABITS TOO W MAKE A MAN R1DI]
9 R1SON+1 2C HE HAS 8 PREMISSES
CLASSIFI$ 2F 8 M9D'S EYE1 EA* "U XS
NUMB]4 ,X IS BETT] 6-MIT 6MEMORY A
PREMISS ( G5]AL APPLIC,N ?AN AN >GU;T3 =
X IS DI6ICULT 6BE EV5 MOD]ATELY R1DY )A
F/ PR9CIPLE1 OR HYPO!SIS4
  ,MOREOV]1 Y %D GET 96! HABIT ( TURN+
"O >GU;T 96S"EAL1 & 3C1L YR PROC$URE Z
D>KLY Z Y C3 ? K9D ( E6ECT IS BE/
PRODUC$ 0KEEP+ Z F> Z POSSI# AWAY F
TOPICS AK9 6! SUBJECT (! >GU;T4 ,? C 2
D"O ) >GU;TS T >E 5TIRELY UNIV]SAL1 E4G4
! /ATE;T T ,8"! _C 2 "O K ( M ?AN "O
?+0'3 = T IS ! CASE ) BO? RELATIVE T]MS
& 3TR>IES & CO-ORD9ATES4
  ,RECORDS ( 4CUS.NS %D 2 MADE 9 A
UNIV]SAL =M1 EV5 ?\< "O HAS >GU$ ONLY "S
"PICUL> CASE3 = ? W 5A# "O 6TURN A S+LE
RULE 96S"EAL4 ,A L RULE APPLIES 9
,RHETORIC Z WELL 65?YMEMES4 ,= YRF1
H["E1 Y %D Z F> Z POSSI# AVOID
UNIV]SALIZ+ YR R1SON+S4 ,Y %D1 MOREOV]1
ALW EXAM9E >GU;TS 6SEE :E!R !Y RE/ ON
PR9CIPLES ( G5]AL APPLIC,N3 = ALL
"PICUL> >GU;TS RE,Y R1SON UNIV]S,Y1 Z
WELL1 I4E4 A "PICUL> DEMON/R,N ALW 3TA9S
A UNIV]SAL DEMON/R,N1 2C X IS IMPOSSI#
6R1SON AT ALL )\T US+ UNIV]SALS4
  ,Y %D 4PLAY YR TRA9+ 9 9DUCTIVE R1SON+
AG/ A "Y MAN1 9 DEDUCTIVE AG/ AN EXP]T4
,Y %D TRY1 MOREOV]1 6SECURE F ^? SKILL$
9 DEDUC;N _! PREMISSES1 F 9DUCTIVE
R1SON]S _! P>ALLEL CASES2 = ? IS ! ?+ 9
: !Y >E RESPECTIVELY TRA9$4 ,9 G5]AL1
TOO1 F YR EX]CISES 9 >GU;T,N Y %D TRY
6C>RY AWAY EI A SYLLOGISM ON "S SUBJECT
OR A REFUT,N OR A PROPOSI;N OR AN
OBJEC;N1 OR :E!R "S "O PUT 8 "Q PROP]LY
OR IMPROP]LY 7:E!R X 0 YRF OR "S "O
ELSE7 &! PO9T : MADE X ! "O OR ! O!R4 ,=
? IS :AT GIVES "O ABIL;Y1 &! :OLE OBJECT
( TRA9+ IS 6ACQUIRE ABIL;Y1 ESPECI,Y 9
REG>D 6PROPOSI;NS & OBJEC;NS4 ,= X IS !
SKILL$ PROP.D] & OBJECTOR :O IS1 SP1K+
G5],Y1 A DIALECTICIAN4 ,6=MULATE A
PROPOSI;N IS 6=M A NUMB] ( ?+S 96"O-=!
3CLU.N 6: ! >GU;T L1DS M/ 2 TAK5 G5],Y1
Z A S+LE ?+-":AS 6=MULATE AN OBJEC;N IS
6MAKE "O ?+ 96_M2 =! OBJECTOR EI
4T+UI%ES OR DEMOLI%ES1 "PLY GRANT+1 "PLY
D5Y+ ! /ATE;TS PROPOS$4
  ,D N >GUE ) E "O1 NOR PRACTISE ^U !
MAN 9 ! /REET3 = "! >E "S P ) :OM ANY
>GU;T IS B.D 6DEG5]ATE4 ,= AG/ ANY "O :O
IS R1DY 6TRY ALL M1NS 9 ORD] 6SEEM N 6BE
B1T51 X IS 9DE$ FAIR 6TRY ALL M1NS (
BR++ AB "O'S 3CLU.N3 B X IS N GD =M4
,":=E ! BE/ RULE IS1 N LI<TLY 65GAGE )
CASUAL ACQUA9T.ES1 OR BAD >GU;T IS SURE
6RESULT4 ,= Y SEE H[ 9 PRACTIS+ TGR P _C
REFRA9 F 3T5TI\S >GU;T4
  ,X IS BE/ AL 6H R1DY-MADE >GU;TS
RELAT+ 6^? "QS 9 : A V SMALL /OCK W
FURNI% U ) >GU;TS S]VICEA# ON A V L>GE
NUMB] ( O3A.NS4 ,^! >E ^? T >E UNIV]SAL1
& ^? 9 REG>D 6: X IS R DI6ICULT 6PRODUCE
PO9TS = \RVS F MATT]S ( "EY"D EXP]I;E4
