              ,BOOK ,,VIII
                   #A

  ,IT REMA9S 63SID] ! FOLL[+ "Q4 ,0 "!
"E A 2COM+ ( MO;N 2F : X _H NO 2+1 & IS
X P]I%+ AG S Z 6L1VE NO?+ 9 MO;N8 ,OR >E
WE 6SAY T X N"E _H ANY 2COM+ & IS N
P]I%+1 B ALW 0 & ALW W BE8 ,IS X 9 FACT
AN IMMORTAL N"E-FAIL+ PROP]TY ( ?+S T
>E1 A SORT ( LIFE Z X 7 6ALL NATUR,Y
3/ITUT$ ?+S8
  ,N[ ! EXI/;E ( MO;N IS ASS]T$ 0ALL :O
H ANY?+ 6SAY AB NATURE1 2C !Y ALL 3C]N
!MVS )! 3/RUC;N (! _W & /UDY ! "Q (
2COM+ & P]I%+1 : PROCESSES CD N -E AB
)\T ! EXI/;E ( MO;N4 ,B ^? :O SAY T "!
IS AN 9F9ITE NUMB] ( _WS1 "S ( : >E 9
PROCESS ( 2COM+ :ILE O!RS >E 9 PROCESS (
P]I%+1 ASS]T T "! IS ALW MO;N 7= ^!
PROCESSES ( 2COM+ & P]I%+ (! _WS
NECESS>ILY 9VOLVE MO;N71 ":AS ^? :O HOLD
T "! IS ONLY "O _W1 :E!R "ELA/+ OR N1
MAKE CORRESPOND+ ASSUMP;NS 9 REG>D
6MO;N4 ,IF !N X IS POSSI# T AT ANY "T
NO?+ %D 2 9 MO;N1 ? M/ -E AB 9 "O ( TWO
WAYS3 EI 9 ! MANN] DESCRIB$
0,ANAXAGORAS1 :O SAYS T ALL ?+S 7 TGR &
AT RE/ = AN 9F9ITE P]IOD ( "T1 & T !N
,M9D 9TRODUC$ MO;N & SEP>AT$ !M2 OR 9 !
MANN] DESCRIB$ 0,EMP$OCLES1 AC 6:OM !
UNIV]SE IS ALT]NATELY 9 MO;N & AT RE/-IN
MO;N1 :5 ,LOVE IS MAK+ ! "O \ ( _M1 OR
,/RIFE IS MAK+ _M \ ( "O1 & AT RE/ 9 !
9T]M$IATE P]IODS ( "T-HIS A3.T 2+ Z
FOLL[S3

,8,S9CE ,"O HA? LE>N$ 6SPR+ F ,MANIFOLD1
,& ,"O 4JO9$ MAKES MANIFOLD >ISE1
,?US !Y ,2COME1 NOR /A# IS _! LIFE3
,B S9CE _! MO;N M/ ALT]NATE BE1
,?US H !Y "E ,RE/ ^U _! R.D0'3

  = WE M/ SUPPOSE T HE M1NS 0? T !Y
ALT]NATE F ! "O MO;N 6! O!R4 ,WE M/
3SID]1 !N1 H[ ? MATT] /&S1 =! 4COV]Y (!
TRU? AB X IS ( IMPORT.E1 N ONLY =! /UDY
( NATURE1 B AL =! 9VE/IG,N (! ,F/
,PR9CIPLE4
  ,LET U TAKE \R />T F :AT WE H ALR LAID
D[N 9 \R C\RSE ON ,PHYSICS4 ,MO;N1 WE
SAY1 IS ! FULFIL;T (! MOVA# 9 S F> Z X
IS MOVA#4 ,EA* K9D ( MO;N1 "!=E1
NECESS>ILY 9VOLVES ! PRES;E (! ?+S T >E
CAPA# ( T MO;N4 ,9 FACT1 EV5 A"P F !
DEF9I;N ( MO;N1 E "O WD ADMIT T 9 EA*
K9D ( MO;N X IS T : IS CAPA# ( T MO;N T
IS 9 MO;N3 ?US X IS T : IS CAPA# (
ALT],N T IS ALT]$1 & T : IS CAPA# (
LOCAL *ANGE T IS 9 LOCOMO;N3 & S "! M/ 2
"S?+ CAPA# ( 2+ BURN$ 2F "! C 2 A
PROCESS ( 2+ BURN$1 & "S?+ CAPA# ( BURN+
2F "! C 2 A PROCESS ( BURN+4 ,MOREOV]1
^! ?+S AL M/ EI H A 2G9N+ 2F : !Y _H NO
2+1 OR !Y M/ 2 ET]NAL4 ,N[ IF "! 0 A
2COM+ ( E MOVA# ?+1 X FOLL[S T 2F ! MO;N
9 "Q ANO!R *ANGE OR MO;N M/ H TAK5 PLACE
9 : T : 0 CAPA# ( 2+ MOV$ OR ( CAUS+
MO;N _H XS 2COM+4 ,6SUPPOSE1 ON ! O!R
H&1 T ^! ?+S 7 9 2+ "?\T ALL PREVI\S "T
)\T "! 2+ ANY MO;N APPE>S UNR1SONA# ON A
MO;T'S ?"\1 & / M UNR1SONA#1 WE % F9D1
ON FUR!R 3SID],N4 ,= IF WE >E 6SAY T1
:ILE "! >E ON ! "O H& ?+S T >E MOVA#1 &
ON ! O!R H& ?+S T >E MOTIVE1 "! IS A "T
:5 "! IS A F/ MOV5T &A F/ MOV$1 & ANO!R
"T :5 "! IS NO S* ?+ B ONLY "S?+ T IS AT
RE/1 !N ? ?+ T IS AT RE/ M/ PREVI\SLY H
BE5 9 PROCESS ( *ANGE3 = "! M/ H BE5 "S
CAUSE ( XS RE/1 RE/ 2+ ! PRIV,N ( MO;N4
,"!=E1 2F ? F/ *ANGE "! W 2 A PREVI\S
*ANGE4 ,= "S ?+S CAUSE MO;N 9 ONLY "O
WAY1 :ILE O!RS C PRODUCE EI ( TWO 3TR>Y
MO;NS3 ?US FIRE CAUSES H1T+ B N COOL+1
":AS X WD SEEM T K MAY 2 DIRECT$ 6TWO
3TR>Y 5DS :ILE REMA9+ "O &! SAME4 ,EV5 9
! =M] CLASS1 H["E1 "! SEEMS 6BE "S?+
SIMIL>1 =A COLD ?+ 9 A S5SE CAUSES H1T+
0TURN+ AWAY & RETIR+1 J Z "O POSSESS$ (
K VOLUNT>ILY MAKES AN ]ROR :5 HE USES 8
K 9 ! REV]SE WAY4 ,B AT ANY RATE ALL ?+S
T >E CAPA# RESPECTIVELY ( A6ECT+ & 2+
A6ECT$1 OR ( CAUS+ MO;N & 2+ MOV$1 >E
CAPA# ( X N "U ALL 3DI;NS1 B ONLY :5 !Y
>E 9 A "PICUL> 3DI;N & APPROA* "O ANO!R3
S X IS ON ! APPROA* ( "O ?+ 6ANO!R T !
"O CAUSES MO;N &! O!R IS MOV$1 & :5 !Y
>E PRES5T "U S* 3DI;NS Z R5D]$ ! "O
MOTIVE &! O!R MOVA#4 ,S IF ! MO;N 0 N
ALW 9 PROCESS1 X IS CLE> T !Y M/ H BE5 9
A 3DI;N N S* Z 6R5D] !M CAPA#
RESPECTIVELY ( 2+ MOV$ &( CAUS+ MO;N1 &
"O OR O!R ( !M M/ H BE5 9 PROCESS (
*ANGE3 = 9 :AT IS RELATIVE ? IS A NEC
3SEQU;E3 E4G4 IF "O ?+ IS D\# ANO!R :5
2F X 0 N S1 "O OR O!R ( !M1 IF N BO?1 M/
H BE5 9 PROCESS ( *ANGE4 ,X FOLL[S !N1 T
"! W 2 A PROCESS ( *ANGE PREVI\S 6! F/4
  7,FUR!R1 H[ C "! 2 ANY ,82F0' & ,8AF0'
)\T ! EXI/;E ( "T8 ,OR H[ C "! 2 ANY "T
)\T ! EXI/;E ( MO;N8 ,IF1 !N1 "T IS !
NUMB] ( MO;N OR XF A K9D ( MO;N1 X
FOLL[S T1 IF "! IS ALW "T1 MO;N M/ AL 2
ET]NAL4 ,B S F> Z "T IS 3C]N$ WE SEE T
ALL ) "O EXCEP;N >E 9 AGREE;T 9 SAY+ T X
IS UNCR1T$3 9 FACT1 X IS J ? T 5A#S
,DEMOCRITUS 6%[ T ALL ?+S _C H _H A
2COM+3 = "T1 HE SAYS1 IS UNCR1T$4 ,PLATO
AL"O ASS]TS ! CRE,N ( "T1 SAY+ T X _H A
2COM+ TGR )! UNIV]SE1 ! UNIV]SE AC 6HM
HAV+ _H A 2COM+4 ,N[ S9CE "T _C EXI/ &
IS UN?9KA# A"P F ! MO;T1 &! MO;T A K9D (
MI4LE-PO9T1 UNIT+ Z X DOES 9 XF BO? A
2G9N+ & AN 5D1 A 2G9N+ ( FUTURE "T & AN
5D ( PA/ "T1 X FOLL[S T "! M/ ALW 2 "T3
=! EXTREM;Y (! LA/ P]IOD ( "T T WE TAKE
M/ 2 F.D 9 "S MO;T1 S9CE "T 3TA9S NO
PO9T ( 3TACT = U EXCEPT ! MO;T4 ,"!=E1
S9CE ! MO;T IS BO? A 2G9N+ & AN 5D1 "!
M/ ALW 2 "T ON BO? SIDES ( X4 ,B IF ? IS
TRUE ( "T1 X IS EVID5T T X M/ AL 2 TRUE
( MO;N1 "T 2+ A K9D ( A6EC;N ( MO;N47
  ,! SAME R1SON+ W AL S]VE 6%[ !
IMP]I%ABIL;Y ( MO;N3 J Z A 2COM+ ( MO;N
WD 9VOLVE1 Z WE SAW1 ! EXI/;E (A PROCESS
( *ANGE PREVI\S 6! F/1 9 ! SAME WAY A
P]I%+ ( MO;N WD 9VOLVE ! EXI/;E (A
PROCESS ( *ANGE SUBSEQU5T 6! LA/3 = :5 A
?+ C1SES 6BE MOV$1 X DOES N "!=E AT !
SAME "T C1SE 6BE MOVA#-E4G4 ! CESS,N (!
PROCESS ( 2+ BURN$ DOES N 9VOLVE !
CESS,N (! CAPAC;Y ( 2+ BURN$1 S9CE A ?+
MAY 2 CAPA# ( 2+ BURN$ )\T 2+ 9 PROCESS
( 2+ BURN$-NOR1 :5 A ?+ C1SES 6BE MOV5T1
DOES X "!=E AT ! SAME "T C1SE 6A 2
MOTIVE4 ,AG1 ! DE/RUCTIVE AG5T W H 6BE
DE/ROY$1 AF :AT X DE/ROYS HAS BE5
DE/ROY$1 & !N T : HAS ! CAPAC;Y (
DE/ROY+ X W H 6BE DE/ROY$ AFWS1 7S T "!
W 2 A PROCESS ( *ANGE SUBSEQU5T 6! LA/17
= 2+ DE/ROY$ AL IS A K9D ( *ANGE4 ,IF1
!N1 VIEW : WE >E CRITICIZ+ 9VOLVES ^!
IMPOSSI# 3SEQU;ES1 X IS CLE> T MO;N IS
ET]NAL & _C H EXI/$ AT "O "T & N AT
ANO!R3 9 FACT S* A VIEW C H>DLY 2
DESCRIB$ Z ANY?L+ ELSE ?AN FANTA/IC4
  ,& M* ! SAME MAY 2 SD (! VIEW T S* IS
! ORD9.E ( NATURE & T ? M/ 2 REG>D$ Z A
PR9CIPLE1 Z WD SEEM 6BE ! VIEW (
,EMP$OCLES :5 HE SAYS T ! 3/ITU;N (! _W
IS ( NECESS;Y S* T ,LOVE & ,/RIFE
ALT]NATELY PREDOM9ATE & CAUSE MO;N1 :ILE
9 ! 9T]M$IATE P]IOD ( "T "! IS A /ATE (
RE/4 ,PROBABLY AL ^? :O L L ,ANAXAGORAS1
ASS]T A S+LE PR9CIPLE 7( MO;N7 WD HOLD ?
VIEW4 ,B T : IS PRODUC$ OR DIRECT$
0NATURE C N"E 2 ANY?+ 4ORD]LY3 = NATURE
IS "EY": ! CAUSE ( ORD]4 ,MOREOV]1 "! IS
NO RATIO 9 ! REL,N (! 9F9ITE 6! 9F9ITE1
":AS ORD] ALW M1NS RATIO4 ,B IF WE SAY T
"! IS F/ A /ATE ( RE/ = AN 9F9ITE "T1 &
!N MO;N IS />T$ AT "S MO;T1 & T ! FACT T
X IS ? R ?AN A PREVI\S MO;T IS ( NO
IMPORT.E1 & 9VOLVES NO ORD]1 !N WE C NO
L;G] SAY T X IS NATURE'S "W3 = IF ANY?+
IS (A C]TA9 "* NATUR,Y1 X EI IS S
9V>IABLY & IS N "S"TS ( ? & "S"TS (
ANO!R "* 7E4G4 FIRE1 : TRAVELS UPW>DS
NATUR,Y1 DOES N "S"TS D S & "S"TS N7 OR
"! IS A RATIO 9 ! V>I,N4 ,X WD 2 BETT]1
"!=E1 6SAY ) ,EMP$OCLES & ANY "O ELSE :O
MAY H MA9TA9$ S* A !ORY Z 8 T ! UNIV]SE
IS ALT]NATELY AT RE/ & 9 MO;N3 = 9 A
SY/EM ( ? K9D WE H AT ONCE A C]TA9 ORD]4
,B EV5 "H ! HOLD] (! !ORY "\ N ONLY
6ASS]T ! FACT3 HE "\ 6EXPLA9 ! CAUSE (
X3 I4E4 HE %D N MAKE ANY M]E ASSUMP;N OR
LAY D[N ANY GRATUIT\S AXIOM1 B %D EMPLOY
EI 9DUCTIVE OR DEMON/RATIVE R1SON+4 ,!
,LOVE & ,/RIFE PO/ULAT$ 0,EMP$OCLES >E N
9 !MVS CAUSES (! FACT 9 "Q1 NOR IS X (!
ESS;E ( EI T X %D 2 S1 ! ESS5TIAL FUNC;N
(! =M] 2+ 6UNITE1 (! LATT] 6SEP>ATE4 ,IF
HE IS 6G ON 6EXPLA9 ? ALT]NATE
PREDOM9.E1 HE %D A4UCE CASES ": S* A
/ATE ( ?+S EXI/S1 Z HE PO9TS 6! FACT T
AM;G MANK9D WE H "S?+ T UNITES M51 "NLY
,LOVE1 :ILE ON ! O!R H& 5EMIES AVOID "O
ANO!R3 ?US F ! OBS]V$ FACT T ? O3URS 9
C]TA9 CASES -ES ! ASSUMP;N T X O3URS AL
9 ! UNIV]SE4 ,!N1 AG1 "S >GU;T IS NE$$
6EXPLA9 :Y ! PREDOM9.E ( EA* (! TWO =CES
LA/S = AN EQUAL P]IOD ( "T4 ,B X IS A
WR;G ASSUMP;N 6SUPPOSE UNIV]S,Y T WE H
AN ADEQUATE F/ PR9CIPLE 9 VIRTUE (! FACT
T "S?+ ALW IS S OR ALW HAPP5S S4 ,?US
,DEMOCRITUS REDUCES ! CAUSES T EXPLA9
NATURE 6! FACT T ?+S HAPP5$ 9 ! PA/ 9 !
SAME WAY Z !Y HAPP5 N[3 B HE DOES N ?9K
FIT 6SEEK =A F/ PR9CIPLE 6EXPLA9 ?
,8ALW0'3 S1 :ILE 8 !ORY IS "R 9 S F> Z X
IS APPLI$ 6C]TA9 9DIVIDUAL CASES1 HE IS
WR;G 9 MAK+ X ( UNIV]SAL APPLIC,N4 ,?US1
A TRIANGLE ALW HAS XS ANGLES EQUAL 6TWO
"R ANGLES1 B "! IS N"E!.S AN ULT]IOR
CAUSE (! ET]N;Y ( ? TRU?1 ":AS F/
PR9CIPLES >E ET]NAL & H NO ULT]IOR
CAUSE4 ,LET ? 3CLUDE :AT WE H 6SAY 9
SUPPORT ( \R 3T5;N T "! N"E 0 A "T :5 "!
0 N MO;N1 & N"E W 2 A "T :5 "! W N 2
MO;N4

                   #B

  ,! >GU;TS T MAY 2 ADV.ED AG/ ? POSI;N
>E N DI6ICULT 64POSE (4 ,! *IEF 3SID],NS
T MI<T 2 ?"\ 69DICATE T MO;N MAY EXI/
?\< AT "O "T X _H N EXI/$ AT ALL >E !
FOLL[+3
  ,F/1 X MAY 2 SD T NO PROCESS ( *ANGE
IS ET]NAL3 =! NATURE ( ALL *ANGE IS S* T
X PROCE$S F "S?+ 6"S?+1 S T E PROCESS (
*ANGE M/ 2 B.D$ 0! 3TR>IES T M>K XS
C\RSE1 & NO MO;N C G ON 69F9;Y4
  ,SECONDLY1 WE SEE T A ?+ T NEI IS 9
MO;N NOR 3TA9S ANY MO;N )9 XF C 2 SET 9
MO;N2 E4G4 9ANIMATE ?+S T >E 7:E!R !
:OLE OR "S "P IS 9 "Q7 N 9 MO;N B AT
RE/1 >E AT "S MO;T SET 9 MO;N3 ":AS1 IF
MO;N _C H A 2COM+ 2F : X _H NO 2+1 ^!
?+S "\ 6BE EI ALW OR N"E 9 MO;N4
  ,?IRDLY1 ! FACT IS EVID5T ABV ALL 9 !
CASE ( ANIMATE 2+S3 = X "S"TS HAPP5S T
"! IS NO MO;N 9 U & WE >E Q /1 & T
N"E!.S WE >E !N AT "S MO;T SET 9 MO;N1 T
IS 6SAY X "S"TS HAPP5S T WE PRODUCE A
2G9N+ ( MO;N 9 \RVS SPONTANE\SLY )\T
ANY?+ HAV+ SET U 9 MO;N F )\T4 ,WE SEE
NO?+ L ? 9 ! CASE ( 9ANIMATE ?+S1 : >E
ALW SET 9 MO;N 0"S?+ ELSE F )\T3 !
ANIMAL1 ON ! O!R H&1 WE SAY1 MOVES XF3
"!=E1 IF AN ANIMAL IS "E 9 A /ATE (
ABSOLUTE RE/1 WE H A MO;N.S ?+ 9 : MO;N
C 2 PRODUC$ F ! ?+ XF1 & N F )\T4 ,N[ IF
? C O3UR 9 AN ANIMAL1 :Y %D N ! SAME 2
TRUE AL (! UNIV]SE Z A :OLE8 ,IF X C
O3UR 9 A SMALL _W X CD AL O3UR 9 A GRT
"O3 & IF X C O3UR 9 ! _W1 X CD AL O3UR 9
! 9F9ITE2 T IS1 IF ! 9F9ITE CD Z A :OLE
POSSIBLY 2 9 MO;N OR AT RE/4
  ,( ^! OBJEC;NS1 !N1 ! F/-M5;N$ MO;N
6OPPOSITES IS N ALW ! SAME & NUM]IC,Y "O
A CORRECT /ATE;T2 9 FACT1 ? MAY 2 SD 6BE
A NEC 3CLU.N1 PROVID$ T X IS POSSI# =!
MO;N ( T : IS "O &! SAME 6BE N ALW "O &!
SAME4 7,I M1N T E4G4 WE MAY "Q :E!R !
NOTE GIV5 0A S+LE /R+ IS "O &! SAME1 OR
IS DI6]5T EA* "T ! /R+ IS /RUCK1 AL? !
/R+ IS 9 ! SAME 3DI;N & IS MOV$ 9 ! SAME
WAY47 ,B /1 H["E ? MAY BE1 "! IS NO?+
6PREV5T "! 2+ A MO;N T IS ! SAME 9
VIRTUE ( 2+ 3T9U\S & ET]NAL3 WE % H "S?+
6SAY LAT] T W MAKE ? PO9T CLE>]4
  ,Z REG>DS ! SECOND OBJEC;N1 NO
ABSURD;Y IS 9VOLV$ 9 ! FACT T "S?+ N 9
MO;N MAY 2 SET 9 MO;N1 T : CAUS$ ! MO;N
F )\T 2+ AT "O "T PRES5T1 & AT ANO!R
ABS5T4 ,N"E!.S1 H[ ? C 2 S REMA9S MATT]
= 9QUIRY2 H[ X -ES AB1 ,I M1N1 T ! SAME
MOTIVE =CE AT "O "T CAUSES A ?+ 6BE 9
MO;N1 & AT ANO!R DOES N D S3 =!
DI6ICULTY RAIS$ 0\R OBJECTOR RE,Y AM.TS
6?-:Y IS X T "S ?+S >E N ALW AT RE/1 &!
RE/ ALW 9 MO;N8
  ,! ?IRD OBJEC;N MAY 2 ?"\ 6PRES5T M
DI6ICULTY ?AN ! O!RS1 "NLY1 T : ALLEGES
T MO;N >ISES 9 ?+S 9 : X DID N EXI/ 2F1
& A4UCES 9 PRO( ! CASE ( ANIMATE ?+S3
?US AN ANIMAL IS F/ AT RE/ & AFWS WALKS1
N HAV+ BE5 SET 9 MO;N APP>5TLY 0ANY?+ F
)\T4 ,?1 H["E1 IS FALSE3 = WE OBS]VE T
"! IS ALW "S "P (! ANIMAL'S ORGANISM 9
MO;N1 &! CAUSE (! MO;N ( ? "P IS N !
ANIMAL XF1 B1 X MAY BE1 XS 5VIRON;T4
,MOREOV]1 WE SAY T ! ANIMAL XF ORIG9ATES
N ALL ( XS MO;NS B XS LOCOMO;N4 ,S X MAY
WELL 2 ! CASE-OR R WE MAY P]H SAY T X M/
NECESS>ILY 2 ! CASE-T _M MO;NS >E
PRODUC$ 9 ! BODY 0XS 5VIRON;T1 & "S ( ^!
SET 9 MO;N ! 9TELLECT OR ! APPETITE1 & ?
AG !N SETS ! :OLE ANIMAL 9 MO;N3 ? IS
:AT HAPP5S :5 ANIMALS >E ASLEEP3 ?\< "!
IS !N NO P]CEPTIVE MO;N 9 !M1 "! IS "S
MO;N T CAUSES !M 6WAKE UP AG4 ,B WE W
L1VE ? PO9T AL 6BE ELUCIDAT$ AT A LAT]
/AGE 9 \R 4CUS.N4
  #C
  ,\R 5QUIRY W RESOLVE XF AT ! \TSET 96A
3SID],N (! ABV-M5;N$ PRO#M-:AT C 2 !
R1SON :Y "S ?+S 9 ! _W AT "O "T >E 9
MO;N & AT ANO!R >E AT RE/ AG8 ,N[ "O (
?REE ?+S M/ 2 TRUE3 EI ALL ?+S >E ALW AT
RE/1 OR ALL ?+S >E ALW 9 MO;N1 OR "S ?+S
>E 9 MO;N & O!RS AT RE/3 & 9 ? LA/ CASE
AG EI ! ?+S T >E 9 MO;N >E ALW 9 MO;N &!
?+S T >E AT RE/ >E ALW AT RE/1 OR !Y >E
ALL 3/ITUT$ S Z 6BE CAPA# ALIKE ( MO;N &
( RE/2 OR "! IS YET A ?IRD POSSIBIL;Y
REMA9+-X MAY 2 T "S ?+S 9 ! _W >E ALW
MO;N.S1 O!RS ALW 9 MO;N1 :ILE O!RS AG
ADMIT ( BO? 3DI;NS4 ,? LA/ IS ! A3.T (!
MATT] T WE M/ GIVE3 = "H9 LIES ! SOLU;N
( ALL ! DI6ICULTIES RAIS$ &! 3CLU.N (!
9VE/IG,N ^U : WE >E 5GAG$4
  ,6MA9TA9 T ALL ?+S >E AT RE/1 &
64REG>D S5SE-P]CEP;N 9 AN ATTEMPT 6%[ !
!ORY 6BE R1SONA#1 WD 2 AN 9/.E (
9TELLECTUAL W1K;S3 X WD CALL 9 "Q A :OLE
SY/EM1 N A "PICUL> DETAIL3 MOREOV]1 X WD
2 AN ATTACK N ONLY ON ! PHYSICI/ B ON
ALM ALL SCI;ES & ALL RCVD OP9IONS1 S9CE
MO;N PLAYS A "P 9 ALL ( !M4 ,FUR!R1 J Z
9 >GU;TS AB MA!MATICS OBJEC;NS T 9VOLVE
F/ PR9CIPLES D N A6ECT ! MA!MATICIAN-&!
O!R SCI;ES >E 9 SIMIL> CASE-S1 TOO1
OBJEC;NS 9VOLV+ ! PO9T T WE H J RAIS$ D
N A6ECT ! PHYSICI/3 = X IS A FUNDA;TAL
ASSUMP;N ) HM T MO;N IS ULTIMATELY
REF]A# 6NATURE H]F4
  ,! ASS];N T ALL ?+S >E 9 MO;N WE MAY
FAIRLY REG>D Z EQU,Y FALSE1 ?\< X IS
LESS SUBV]SIVE ( PHYSICAL SCI;E3 = ?\< 9
\R C\RSE ON PHYSICS X 0 LAID D[N T RE/
NO LESS ?AN MO;N IS ULTIMATELY REF]A#
6NATURE H]F1 N"E!.S MO;N IS ! "*I/IC
FACT ( NATURE3 MOREOV]1 ! VIEW IS ACTU,Y
HELD 0"S T N M]ELY "S ?+S B ALL ?+S 9 !
_W >E 9 MO;N & ALW 9 MO;N1 ?\< WE _C
APPREH5D ! FACT 0S5SE-P]CEP;N4 ,AL? !
SUPPORT]S ( ? !ORY D N /ATE CLE>LY :AT
K9D ( MO;N !Y M1N1 OR :E!R !Y M1N ALL
K9DS1 X IS NO H>D MATT] 6REPLY 6!M3 ?US
WE MAY PO9T \ T "! _C 2 A 3T9U\S PROCESS
EI ( 9CR1SE OR ( DECR1SE3 T : -ES 2T !
TWO HAS 6BE 9CLUD$4 ,! !ORY RESEM#S T AB
! /"O 2+ WORN AWAY 0! DROP ( WAT] OR
SPLIT 0PLANTS GR[+ \ ( X3 IF S M* HAS
BE5 EXTRUD$ OR REMOV$ 0! DROP1 X DOES N
FOLL[ T HALF ! AM.T HAS PREVI\SLY BE5
EXTRUD$ OR REMOV$ 9 HALF ! "T3 ! CASE (!
HAUL$ %IP IS EXACTLY -P>A#3 "H WE H S _M
DROPS SETT+ S M* 9 MO;N1 B A "P ( !M W N
SET Z M* 9 MO;N 9 ANY P]IOD ( "T4 ,!
AM.T REMOV$ IS1 X IS TRUE1 DIVISI# 96A
NUMB] ( "PS1 B NO "O ( ^! 0 SET 9 MO;N
SEP>ATELY3 !Y 7 ALL SET 9 MO;N TGR4 ,X
IS EVID5T1 !N1 T F ! FACT T ! DECR1SE IS
DIVISI# 96AN 9F9ITE NUMB] ( "PS X DOES N
FOLL[ T "S "P M/ ALW 2 PASS+ AWAY3 X ALL
PASSES AWAY AT A "PICUL> MO;T4
,SIMIL>LY1 TOO1 9 ! CASE ( ANY ALT],N
:AT"E IF T : SU6]S ALT],N IS 9F9ITELY
DIVISI# X DOES N FOLL[ F ? T ! SAME IS
TRUE (! ALT],N XF1 : (T5 O3URS ALL AT
ONCE1 Z 9 FREEZ+4 ,AG1 :5 ANY "O HAS
FALL5 ILL1 "! M/ FOLL[ A P]IOD ( "T 9 :
8 RE/OR,N 6H1L? IS 9 ! FUTURE3 ! PROCESS
( *ANGE _C TAKE PLACE 9 AN 9/ANT3 YET !
*ANGE _C 2 A *ANGE 6ANY?+ ELSE B H1L?4
,! ASS];N4 "!=E1 T ALT],N IS 3T9U\S IS
AN EXTRAVAGANT CALL+ 96"Q (! OBVI\S3 =
ALT],N IS A *ANGE F "O 3TR>Y 6ANO!R4
,MOREOV]1 WE NOTICE T A /"O 2COMES NEI
H>D] NOR S(T]4 ,AG1 9 ! MATT] (
LOCOMO;N1 X WD 2 A /RANGE ?+ IF A /"O CD
2 FALL+ OR RE/+ ON ! GR.D )\T \R 2+ A#
6P]CV ! FACT4 ,FUR!R1 X IS A LAW (
NATURE T E>? & ALL O!R BODIES %D REMA9 9
_! PROP] PLACES & 2 MOV$ F !M ONLY
0VIOL;E3 F ! FACT !N T "S ( !M >E 9 _!
PROP] PLACES X FOLL[S T 9 RESPECT (
PLACE AL ALL ?+S _C 2 9 MO;N4 ,^! & O!R
SIMIL> >GU;TS1 !N1 %D 3V9CE U T X IS
IMPOSSI# EI T ALL ?+S >E ALW 9 MO;N OR T
ALL ?+S >E ALW AT RE/4
  ,NOR AG C X 2 T "S ?+S >E ALW AT RE/1
O!RS ALW 9 MO;N1 & NO?+ "S"TS AT RE/ &
"S"TS 9 MO;N4 ,? !ORY M/ 2 PRON\NC$
IMPOSSI# ON ! SAME GR.DS Z ^? PREVI\SLY
M5;N$3 VIZ4 T WE SEE ! ABV-M5;N$ *ANGES
O3URR+ 9 ! CASE (! SAME ?+S4 ,WE MAY
FUR!R PO9T \ T ! DEF5D] ( ? POSI;N IS
FI<T+ AG/ ! OBVI\S1 = ON ? !ORY "! C 2
NO S* ?+ Z 9CR1SE3 NOR C "! 2 ANY S* ?+
Z -PULSORY MO;N1 IF X IS IMPOSSI# T A ?+
C 2 AT RE/ 2F 2+ SET 9 MO;N UNNATUR,Y4
,? !ORY1 !N1 DOES AWAY ) 2COM+ & P]I%+4
,MOREOV]1 MO;N1 X WD SEEM1 IS G5],Y ?"\
6BE A SORT ( 2COM+ & P]I%+1 = T 6: A ?+
*ANGES -ES 6BE1 OR O3UPANCY ( X -ES 6BE1
& T F : A ?+ *ANGES C1SES 6BE1 OR "!
C1SES 6BE O3UPANCY ( X4 ,X IS CLE>1
"!=E1 T "! >E CASES ( O3A.NAL MO;N &
O3A.NAL RE/4
  ,WE H N[ 6TAKE ! ASS];N T ALL ?+S >E
"S"TS AT RE/ & "S"TS 9 MO;N & 63FRONT X
)! >GU;TS PREVI\SLY ADV.ED4 ,WE M/ TAKE
\R />T Z 2F F ! POSSIBILITIES T WE
4T+UI%$ J ABV4 ,EI ALL ?+S >E AT RE/1 OR
ALL ?+S >E 9 MO;N1 OR "S ?+S >E AT RE/ &
O!RS 9 MO;N4 ,& IF "S ?+S >E AT RE/ &
O!RS 9 MO;N1 !N X M/ 2 T EI ALL ?+S >E
"S"TS AT RE/ & "S"TS 9 MO;N1 OR "S ?+S
>E ALW AT RE/ &! REMA9D] ALW 9 MO;N1 OR
"S (! ?+S >E ALW AT RE/ & O!RS ALW 9
MO;N :ILE O!RS AG >E "S"TS AT RE/ &
"S"TS 9 MO;N4 ,N[ WE H SD 2F T X IS
IMPOSSI# T ALL ?+S %D 2 AT RE/3 N"E!.S
WE MAY N[ REP1T T ASS];N4 ,WE MAY PO9T \
T1 EV5 IF X IS RE,Y ! CASE1 Z C]TA9
P]SONS ASS]T1 T ! EXI/5T IS 9F9ITE &
MO;N.S1 X C]TA9LY DOES N APPE> 6BE S IF
WE FOLL[ S5SE-P]CEP;N3 _M ?+S T EXI/
APPE> 6BE 9 MO;N4 ,N[ IF "! IS S* A ?+ Z
FALSE OP9ION OR OP9ION AT ALL1 "! IS AL
MO;N2 & SIMIL>LY IF "! IS S* A ?+ Z
IMAG9,N1 OR IF X IS ! CASE T ANY?+ SEEMS
6BE DI6]5T AT DI6]5T "TS3 = IMAG9,N &
OP9ION >E ?"\ 6BE MO;NS (A K9D4 ,B
69VE/IGATE ? "Q AT ALL-TO SEEK A R1SON$
JU/IFIC,N (A 2LIEF ) REG>D 6: WE >E TOO
WELL (F 6REQUIRE R1SON$ JU/IFIC,N-
IMPLIES BAD JUDGE;T ( :AT IS BETT] & :AT
IS WORSE1 :AT -M5DS XF 62LIEF & :AT DOES
N1 :AT IS ULTIMATE & :AT IS N4 ,X IS
LIKEWISE IMPOSSI# T ALL ?+S %D 2 9 MO;N
OR T "S ?+S %D 2 ALW 9 MO;N &! REMA9D]
ALW AT RE/4 ,WE H SU6ICI5T GR.D =
REJECT+ ALL ^! !ORIES 9 ! S+LE FACT T WE
SEE "S ?+S T >E "S"TS 9 MO;N & "S"TS AT
RE/4 ,X IS EVID5T1 "!=E1 T X IS NO LESS
IMPOSSI# T "S ?+S %D 2 ALW 9 MO;N &!
REMA9D] ALW AT RE/ ?AN T ALL ?+S %D 2 AT
RE/ OR T ALL ?+S %D 2 9 MO;N 3T9U\SLY4
,X REMA9S1 !N1 63SID] :E!R ALL ?+S >E S
3/ITUT$ Z 6BE CAPA# BO? ( 2+ 9 MO;N &(
2+ AT RE/1 OR :E!R1 :ILE "S ?+S >E S
3/ITUT$1 "S >E ALW AT RE/ & "S >E ALW 9
MO;N3 = X IS ? LA/ VIEW T WE H 6%[ 6BE
TRUE4

                   #D

  ,N[ ( ?+S T CAUSE MO;N OR SU6] MO;N1
6"S ! MO;N IS A3ID5TAL1 6O!RS ESS5TIAL3
?US X IS A3ID5TAL 6:AT M]ELY 2L;GS 6OR
3TA9S Z A "P A ?+ T CAUSES MO;N OR SU6]S
MO;N1 ESS5TIAL 6A ?+ T CAUSES MO;N OR
SU6]S MO;N N M]ELY 02L;G+ 6S* A ?+ OR
3TA9+ X Z A "P4
  ,( ?+S 6: ! MO;N IS ESS5TIAL "S DERIVE
_! MO;N F !MVS1 O!RS F "S?+ ELSE3 & 9 "S
CASES _! MO;N IS NATURAL1 9 O!RS VIOL5T
& UNNATURAL4 ,?US 9 ?+S T DERIVE _! MO;N
F !MVS1 E4G4 ALL ANIMALS1 ! MO;N IS
NATURAL 7= :5 AN ANIMAL IS 9 MO;N XS
MO;N IS DERIV$ F XF73 & :5"E ! S\RCE (!
MO;N (A ?+ IS 9 ! ?+ XF WE SAY T ! MO;N
( T ?+ IS NATURAL4 ,"!=E ! ANIMAL Z A
:OLE MOVES XF NATUR,Y3 B ! BODY (!
ANIMAL MAY 2 9 MO;N UNNATUR,Y Z WELL Z
NATUR,Y3 X DEP5DS ^U ! K9D ( MO;N T X
MAY *.E 6BE SU6]+ &! K9D ( ELE;T ( : X
IS -POS$4 ,&! MO;N ( ?+S T DERIVE _!
MO;N F "S?+ ELSE IS 9 "S CASES NATURAL1
9 O!R UNNATURAL3 E4G4 UPW>D MO;N ( E>?Y
?+S & D[NW>D MO;N ( FIRE >E UNNATURAL4
,MOREOV] ! "PS ( ANIMALS >E (T5 9 MO;N 9
AN UNNATURAL WAY1 _! POSI;NS &! "* (!
MO;N 2+ ABNORMAL4 ,! FACT T A ?+ T IS 9
MO;N DERIVES XS MO;N F "S?+ IS MO/
EVID5T 9 ?+S T >E 9 MO;N UNNATUR,Y1 2C 9
S* CASES X IS CLE> T ! MO;N IS DERIV$ F
"S?+ O!R ?AN ! ?+ XF4 ,NEXT 6?+S T >E 9
MO;N UNNATUR,Y ^? ^: MO;N :ILE NATURAL
IS DERIV$ F !MVS-E4G4 ANIMALS-MAKE ?
FACT CLE>3 = "H ! UNC]TA9TY IS N Z 6:E!R
! MO;N IS DERIV$ F "S?+ B Z 6H[ WE "\
64T+UI% 9 ! ?+ 2T ! MOV5T &! MOV$4 ,X WD
SEEM T 9 ANIMALS1 J Z 9 %IPS & ?+S N
NATUR,Y ORGANIZ$1 T : CAUSES MO;N IS
SEP>ATE F T : SU6]S MO;N1 & T X IS ONLY
9 ? S5SE T ! ANIMAL Z A :OLE CAUSES XS
[N MO;N4
  ,! GRTE/ DI6ICULTY1 H["E1 IS PRES5T$
0! REMA9+ CASE ( ^? T WE LA/ 4T+UI%$4
,": ?+S DERIVE _! MO;N F "S?+ ELSE WE
4T+UI%$ ! CASES 9 : ! MO;N IS UNNATURAL3
WE >E LEFT ) ^? T >E 6BE 3TRA/$ )! O!RS
0R1SON (! FACT T ! MO;N IS NATURAL4 ,X
IS 9 ^! CASES T DI6ICULTY WD 2 EXP]I;ED
9 DECID+ :;E ! MO;N IS DERIV$1 E4G4 9 !
CASE ( LI<T & H1VY ?+S4 ,:5 ^! ?+S >E 9
MO;N 6POSI;NS ! REV]SE ( ^? !Y WD
PROP]LY O3UPY1 _! MO;N IS VIOL5T3 :5 !Y
>E 9 MO;N 6_! PROP] POSI;NS-! LI<T ?+ UP
&! H1VY ?+ D[N-_! MO;N IS NATURAL2 B 9 ?
LATT] CASE X IS NO L;G] EVID5T1 Z X IS
:5 ! MO;N IS UNNATURAL1 :;E _! MO;N IS
DERIV$4 ,X IS IMPOSSI# 6SAY T _! MO;N IS
DERIV$ F !MVS3 ? IS A "*I/IC ( LIFE &
PECULI> 6LIV+ ?+S4 ,FUR!R1 IF X W]E1 X
WD H BE5 9 _! P[] 6/OP !MVS 7,I M1N T IF
E4G4 A ?+ C CAUSE XF 6WALK X C AL CAUSE
XF N 6WALK71 & S1 S9CE ON ? SUPPOSI;N
FIRE XF POSSESSES ! P[] ( UPW>D
LOCOMO;N1 X IS CLE> T X %D AL POSSESS !
P[] ( D[NW>D LOCOMO;N4 ,MOREOV] IF ?+S
MOVE !MVS1 X WD 2 UNR1SONA# 6SUPPOSE T 9
ONLY "O K9D ( MO;N IS _! MO;N DERIV$ F
!MVS4 ,AG1 H[ C ANY?+ ( 3T9U\S & NATUR,Y
3NECT$ SUB/.E MOVE XF8 ,9 S F> Z A ?+ IS
"O & 3T9U\S N M]ELY 9 VIRTUE ( 3TACT1 X
IS IMPASSIVE3 X IS ONLY 9 S F> Z A ?+ IS
DIVID$ T "O "P ( X IS 0NATURE ACTIVE &
ANO!R PASSIVE4 ,"!=E N"O (! ?+S T WE >E
N[ 3SID]+ MOVE !MVS 7= !Y >E ( NATUR,Y
3NECT$ SUB/.E71 NOR DOES ANY?+ ELSE T IS
3T9U\S3 9 EA* CASE ! MOV5T M/ 2 SEP>ATE
F ! MOV$1 Z WE SEE 6BE ! CASE ) 9ANIMATE
?+S :5 AN ANIMATE ?+ MOVES !M4 ,X IS !
FACT T ^! ?+S AL ALW DERIVE _! MO;N F
"S?+3 :AT X IS WD 2COME EVID5T IF WE 7
64T+UI% ! DI6]5T K9DS ( CAUSE4
  ,! ABV-M5;N$ 4T9C;NS C AL 2 MADE 9 !
CASE ( ?+S T CAUSE MO;N3 "S ( !M >E
CAPA# ( CAUS+ MO;N UNNATUR,Y 7E4G4 ! L"E
IS N NATUR,Y CAPA# ( MOV+ ! WEI<T71 O!RS
NATUR,Y 7E4G4 :AT IS ACTU,Y HOT IS
NATUR,Y CAPA# ( MOV+ :AT IS POT5TI,Y
HOT73 & SIMIL>LY 9 ! CASE ( ALL O!R ?+S
( ? K9D4
  ,9 ! SAME WAY1 TOO1 :AT IS POT5TI,Y (A
C]TA9 QUAL;Y OR (A C]TA9 QUANT;Y 9 A
C]TA9 PLACE IS NATUR,Y MOVA# :5 X 3TA9S
! CORRESPOND+ PR9CIPLE 9 XF & N A3ID5T,Y
7=! SAME ?+ MAY 2 BO? (A C]TA9 QUAL;Y &(
A C]TA9 QUANT;Y1 B ! "O IS AN A3ID5TAL1
N AN ESS5TIAL PROP]TY (! O!R74 ,S :5
FIRE OR E>? IS MOV$ 0"S?+ ! MO;N IS
VIOL5T :5 X IS UNNATURAL1 & NATURAL :5 X
BR+S 6ACTUAL;Y ! PROP] ACTIVITIES T !Y
POT5TI,Y POSSESS4 ,B ! FACT T ! T]M
,8POT5TI,Y0' IS US$ 9 M ?AN "O S5SE IS !
R1SON :Y X IS N EVID5T :;E S* MO;NS Z !
UPW>D MO;N ( FIRE &! D[NW>D MO;N ( E>?
>E DERIV$4 ,"O :O IS LE>N+ A SCI;E
POT5TI,Y "KS X 9 A DI6]5T S5SE F "O :O
:ILE ALR POSSESS+ ! K IS N ACTU,Y
EX]CIS+ X4 ,:]"E WE H "S?+ CAPA# ( ACT+
& "S?+ CAPA# ( 2+ CORRESPOND+LY ACT$ ON1
9 ! EV5T ( ANY S* PAIR 2+ 9 3TACT :AT IS
POT5TIAL 2COMES AT "TS ACTUAL3 E4G4 !
LE>N] 2COMES F "O POT5TIAL "S?+ ANO!R
POT5TIAL "S?+3 = "O :O POSSESSES K (A
SCI;E B IS N ACTU,Y EX]CIS+ X "KS !
SCI;E POT5TI,Y 9 A S5SE1 ?\< N 9 ! SAME
S5SE Z HE KNEW X POT5TI,Y 2F HE LE>NT X4
,& :5 HE IS 9 ? 3DI;N1 IF "S?+ DOES N
PREV5T HM1 HE ACTIVELY EX]CISES 8 K3
O!RWISE HE WD 2 9 ! 3TRADICTORY /ATE ( N
"K+4 ,9 REG>D 6NATURAL BODIES AL ! CASE
IS SIMIL>4 ,?US :AT IS COLD IS POT5TI,Y
HOT3 !N A *ANGE TAKES PLACE & X IS FIRE1
& X BURNS1 UN.S "S?+ PREV5TS & H9D]S X4
,S1 TOO1 ) H1VY & LI<T3 LI<T IS G5]AT$ F
H1VY1 E4G4 AIR F WAT] 7= WAT] IS ! F/ ?+
T IS POT5TI,Y LI<T71 & AIR IS ACTU,Y
LI<T1 & W AT ONCE R1LIZE XS PROP]
ACTIV;Y Z S* UN.S "S?+ PREV5TS X4 ,!
ACTIV;Y ( LI<T;S 3SI/S 9 ! LI<T ?+ 2+ 9
A C]TA9 SITU,N1 "NLY HI< UP3 :5 X IS 9 !
3TR>Y SITU,N1 X IS 2+ PREV5T$ F RIS+4 ,!
CASE IS SIMIL> AL 9 REG>D 6QUANT;Y &
QUAL;Y4 ,B1 2 X NOT$1 ? IS ! "Q WE >E
TRY+ 6ANSW]-H[ C WE A3.T =! MO;N ( LI<T
?+S & H1VY ?+S 6_! PROP] SITU,NS8 ,!
R1SON = X IS T !Y H A NATURAL T5D5CY
RESPECTIVELY T[>DS A C]TA9 POSI;N3 & ?
3/ITUTES ! ESS;E ( LI<T;S & H1VI;S1 !
=M] 2+ DET]M9$ 0AN UPW>D1 ! LATT] 0A
D[NW>D1 T5D5CY4 ,Z WE H SD1 A ?+ MAY 2
POT5TI,Y LI<T OR H1VY 9 M S5SES ?AN "O4
,?US N ONLY :5 A ?+ IS WAT] IS X 9 A
S5SE POT5TI,Y LI<T1 B :5 X HAS 2COME AIR
X MAY 2 / POT5TI,Y LI<T3 = X MAY 2 T "?
"S H9DR.E X DOES N O3UPY AN UPP] POSI;N1
":AS1 IF :AT H9D]S X IS REMOV$1 X
R1LIZES XS ACTIV;Y & 3T9UES 6RISE HI<]4
,! PROCESS ":BY :AT IS (A C]TA9 QUAL;Y
*ANGES 6A 3DI;N ( ACTIVE EXI/;E IS
SIMIL>3 ?US ! EX]CISE ( K FOLL[S AT ONCE
^U ! POSSES.N ( X UN.S "S?+ PREV5TS X4
,S1 TOO1 :AT IS (A C]TA9 QUANT;Y EXT5DS
XF OV] A C]TA9 SPACE UN.S "S?+ PREV5TS
X4 ,! ?+ 9 A S5SE IS & 9 A S5SE IS N
MOV$ 0"O :O MOVES :AT IS OB/RUCT+ &
PREV5T+ XS MO;N 7E4G4 "O :O PULLS AWAY A
PILL> F "U A RO( OR "O :O REMOVES A /"O
F A W9ESK9 9 ! WAT] IS ! A3ID5TAL CAUSE
( MO;N73 & 9 ! SAME WAY ! R1L CAUSE (!
MO;N (A BALL REB.D+ F A WALL IS N ! WALL
B ! ?R[]4 ,S X IS CLE> T 9 ALL ^! CASES
! ?+ DOES N MOVE XF1 B X 3TA9S )9 XF !
S\RCE ( MO;N-N ( MOV+ "S?+ OR ( CAUS+
MO;N1 B ( SU6]+ X4
  ,IF !N ! MO;N ( ALL ?+S T >E 9 MO;N IS
EI NATURAL OR UNNATURAL & VIOL5T1 & ALL
?+S ^: MO;N IS VIOL5T & UNNATURAL >E
MOV$ 0"S?+1 & "S?+ O!R ?AN !MVS1 & AG
ALL ?+S ^: MO;N IS NATURAL >E MOV$
0"S?+-BO? ^? T >E MOV$ 0!MVS & ^? T >E N
MOV$ 0!MVS 7E4G4 LI<T ?+S & H1VY ?+S1 :
>E MOV$ EI 0T : BR"\ ! ?+ 96EXI/;E Z S*
& MADE X LI<T & H1VY1 OR 0T : REL1S$ :AT
0 H9D]+ & PREV5T+ X72 !N ALL ?+S T >E 9
MO;N M/ 2 MOV$ 0"S?+4
  #E
  ,N[ ? MAY -E AB 9 EI ( TWO WAYS4 ,EI !
MOV5T IS N XF RESPONSI# =! MO;N1 : IS
6BE REF]R$ 6"S?+ ELSE : MOVES ! MOV5T1
OR ! MOV5T IS XF RESPONSI# =! MO;N4
,FUR!R1 9 ! LATT] CASE1 EI ! MOV5T IMMLY
PREC$ES ! LA/ ?+ 9 ! S]IES1 OR "! MAY 2
"O OR M 9T]M$IATE L9KS3 E4G4 ! /ICK
MOVES ! /"O & IS MOV$ 0! H&1 : AG IS
MOV$ 0! MAN3 9 ! MAN1 H["E1 WE H R1*$ A
MOV5T T IS N S 9 VIRTUE ( 2+ MOV$ 0"S?+
ELSE4 ,N[ WE SAY T ! ?+ IS MOV$ BO? 0!
LA/ & 0! F/ MOV5T 9 ! S]IES1 B M /RICTLY
0! F/1 S9CE ! F/ MOV5T MOVES ! LA/1 ":AS
! LA/ DOES N MOVE ! F/1 &! F/ W MOVE !
?+ )\T ! LA/1 B ! LA/ W N MOVE X )\T !
F/3 E4G4 ! /ICK W N MOVE ANY?+ UN.S X IS
XF MOV$ 0! MAN4 ,IF !N "EY?+ T IS 9 MO;N
M/ 2 MOV$ 0"S?+1 &! MOV5T M/ EI XF 2
MOV$ 0"S?+ ELSE OR N1 & 9 ! =M] CASE "!
M/ 2 "S F/ MOV5T T IS N XF MOV$ 0ANY?+
ELSE1 :ILE 9 ! CASE (! IMM MOV5T 2+ ( ?
K9D "! IS NO NE$ ( AN 9T]M$IATE MOV5T T
IS AL MOV$ 7= X IS IMPOSSI# T "! %D 2 AN
9F9ITE S]IES ( MOV5TS1 EA* ( : IS XF
MOV$ 0"S?+ ELSE1 S9CE 9 AN 9F9ITE S]IES
"! IS NO F/ T]M7-IF !N "EY?+ T IS 9 MO;N
IS MOV$ 0"S?+1 &! F/ MOV5T IS MOV$ B N
0ANY?+ ELSE1 X M* 2 MOV$ 0XF4
  ,? SAME >GU;T MAY AL 2 /AT$ 9 ANO!R
WAY Z FOLL[S4 ,E MOV5T MOVES "S?+ &
MOVES X ) "S?+1 EI ) XF OR ) "S?+ ELSE3
E4G4 A MAN MOVES A ?+ EI HMF OR )A /ICK1
&A ?+ IS KNOCK$ D[N EI 0! W9D XF OR 0A
/"O PROPELL$ 0! W9D4 ,B X IS IMPOSSI# =
T ) : A ?+ IS MOV$ 6MOVE X )\T 2+ MOV$
0T : IM"PS MO;N 0XS [N AG5CY3 ON ! O!R
H&1 IF A ?+ IM"PS MO;N 0XS [N AG5CY1 X
IS N NEC T "! %D 2 ANY?+ ELSE ) : X
IM"PS MO;N1 ":AS IF "! IS A DI6]5T ?+ )
: X IM"PS MO;N1 "! M/ 2 "S?+ T IM"PS
MO;N N ) "S?+ ELSE B ) XF1 OR ELSE "! W
2 AN 9F9ITE S]IES4 ,IF1 !N1 ANY?+ IS A
MOV5T :ILE 2+ XF MOV$1 ! S]IES M/ /OP
"S": & N 2 9F9ITE4 ,?US1 IF ! /ICK MOVES
"S?+ 9 VIRTUE ( 2+ MOV$ 0! H&1 ! H&
MOVES ! /ICK3 & IF "S?+ ELSE MOVES )!
H&1 ! H& AL IS MOV$ 0"S?+ DI6]5T F XF4
,S :5 MO;N 0M1NS ( AN 9/RU;T IS AT EA*
/AGE CAUS$ 0"S?+ DI6]5T F ! 9/RU;T1 ? M/
ALW 2 PREC$$ 0"S?+ ELSE : IM"PS MO;N )
XF4 ,"!=E1 IF ? LA/ MOV5T IS 9 MO;N & "!
IS NO?+ ELSE T MOVES X1 X M/ MOVE XF4 ,S
? R1SON+ AL %[S T :5 A ?+ IS MOV$1 IF X
IS N MOV$ IMMLY 0"S?+ T MOVES XF1 !
S]IES BR+S U AT "S "T OR O!R 6A MOV5T (
? K9D4
  ,& IF WE 3SID] ! MATT] 9 YET A ?IRD WA
,LY WE % GET ? SAME RESULT Z FOLL[S4 ,IF
"EY?+ T IS 9 MO;N IS MOV$ 0"S?+ T IS 9
MO;N1 E!R ? 2+ 9 MO;N IS AN A3ID5TAL
ATTRIBUTE (! MOV5TS 9 "Q1 S T EA* ( !M
MOVES "S?+ :ILE 2+ XF 9 MO;N1 B N ALW 2C
X IS XF 9 MO;N1 OR X IS N A3ID5TAL B AN
ESS5TIAL ATTRIBUTE4 ,LET U 3SID] ! =M]
ALT]NATIVE4 ,IF !N X IS AN A3ID5TAL
ATTRIBUTE1 X IS N NEC T T IS 9 MO;N %D 2
9 MO;N3 & IF ? IS S X IS CLE> T "! MAY 2
A "T :5 NO?+ T EXI/S IS 9 MO;N1 S9CE !
A3ID5TAL IS N NEC B 3T+5T4 ,N[ IF WE
ASSUME ! EXI/;E (A POSSIBIL;Y1 ANY
3CLU.N T WE "!BY R1* W N 2 AN
IMPOSSIBIL;Y ?\< X MAY 2 3TR>Y 6FACT4 ,B
! NONEXI/;E ( MO;N IS AN IMPOSSIBIL;Y3 =
WE H %[N ABV T "! M/ ALW 2 MO;N4
  ,MOREOV]1 ! 3CLU.N 6: WE H BE5 L$ IS A
R1SONA# "O4 ,= "! M/ 2 ?REE ?+S-! MOV$1
! MOV5T1 &! 9/RU;T ( MO;N4 ,N[ ! MOV$ M/
2 9 MO;N1 B X NE$ N MOVE ANY?+ ELSE3 !
9/RU;T ( MO;N M/ BO? MOVE "S?+ ELSE & 2
XF 9 MO;N 7= X *ANGES TGR )! MOV$1 ) : X
IS 9 3TACT & 3T9U\S1 Z IS CLE> 9 ! CASE
( ?+S T MOVE O!R ?+S LOC,Y1 9 : CASE !
TWO ?+S M/ UP 6A C]TA9 PO9T 2 9 3TACT73
&! MOV5T-T IS 6SAY1 T : CAUSES MO;N 9 S*
A MANN] T X IS N M]ELY ! 9/RU;T ( MO;N-
M/ 2 UNMOV$4 ,N[ WE H VISUAL EXP]I;E (!
LA/ T]M 9 ? S]IES1 "NLY T : HAS !
CAPAC;Y ( 2+ 9 MO;N1 B DOES N 3TA9 A
MOTIVE PR9CIPLE1 & AL ( T : IS 9 MO;N B
IS MOV$ 0XF & N 0ANY?+ ELSE3 X IS
R1SONA#1 "!=E1 N 6SAY NEC1 6SUPPOSE !
EXI/;E (! ?IRD T]M AL1 T : CAUSES MO;N B
IS XF UNMOV$4 ,S1 TOO1 ,ANAXAGORAS IS "R
:5 HE SAYS T ,M9D IS IMPASSIVE & UNMIX$1
S9CE HE MAKES X ! PR9CIPLE ( MO;N3 = X
CD CAUSE MO;N 9 ? S5SE ONLY 02+ XF
UNMOV$1 & H SUPREME 3TROL ONLY 02+
UNMIX$4
  ,WE W N[ TAKE ! SECOND ALT]NATIVE4 ,IF
! MOVE;T IS N A3ID5T,Y B NECESS>ILY 9
MO;N-S T1 IF X 7 N 9 MO;N1 X WD N MOVE
ANY?+-!N ! MOV5T1 9 S F> Z X IS 9 MO;N1
M/ 2 9 MO;N 9 "O ( TWO WAYS3 X IS MOV$
EI Z T IS : IS MOV$ )! SAME K9D ( MO;N1
OR )A DI6]5T K9D-EI T : IS H1T+1 ,I M1N1
IS XF 9 PROCESS ( 2COM+ HOT1 T : IS MAK+
H1L?Y 9 PROCESS ( 2COM+ H1L?Y1 & T : IS
CAUS+ LOCOMO;N 9 PROCESS ( LOCOMO;N1 OR
ELSE T : IS MAK+ H1L?Y IS1 LET U SAY1 9
PROCESS ( LOCOMO;N1 & T : IS CAUS+
LOCOMO;N 9 PROCESS (1 SAY1 9CR1SE4 ,B X
IS EVID5T T ? IS IMPOSSI#4 ,= IF WE
ADOPT ! F/ ASSUMP;N WE H 6MAKE X APPLY
)9 EA* (! V L[E/ SPECIES 96: MO;N C 2
DIVID$3 E4G4 WE M/ SAY T IF "S "O IS
T1*+ "S LESSON 9 GEOMETRY1 HE IS AL 9
PROCESS ( 2+ TAU<T T SAME LESSON 9
GEOMETRY1 & T IF HE IS ?R[+ HE IS 9
PROCESS ( 2+ ?R[N 9 J ! SAME MANN]4 ,OR
IF WE REJECT ? ASSUMP;N WE M/ SAY T "O
K9D ( MO;N IS DERIV$ F ANO!R2 E4G4 T T :
IS CAUS+ LOCOMO;N IS 9 PROCESS ( 9CR1SE1
T : IS CAUS+ ? 9CR1SE IS 9 PROCESS ( 2+
ALT]$ 0"S?+ ELSE1 & T : IS CAUS+ ?
ALT],N IS 9 PROCESS ( SU6]+ "S DI6]5T
K9D ( MO;N4 ,B ! S]IES M/ /OP "S":1 S9CE
! K9DS ( MO;N >E LIMIT$2 & IF WE SAY T !
PROCESS IS REV]SI#1 & T T : IS CAUS+
ALT],N IS 9 PROCESS ( LOCOMO;N1 WE D NO
M ?AN IF WE _H SD AT ! \TSET T T : IS
CAUS+ LOCOMO;N IS 9 PROCESS ( LOCOMO;N1
& T "O :O IS T1*+ IS 9 PROCESS ( 2+
TAU<T3 = X IS CLE> T "EY?+ T IS MOV$ IS
MOV$ 0! MOV5T T IS FUR!R BACK 9 ! S]IES
Z WELL Z 0T : IMMLY MOVES X3 9 FACT !
E>LI] MOV5T IS T : M /RICTLY MOVES X4 ,B
? IS ( C\RSE IMPOSSI#3 = X 9VOLVES !
3SEQU;E T "O :O IS T1*+ IS 9 PROCESS (
LE>N+ :AT HE IS T1*+1 ":AS T1*+
NECESS>ILY IMPLIES POSSESS+ K1 & LE>N+ N
POSSESS+ X4 ,/ M UNR1SONA# IS ! 3SEQU;E
9VOLV$ T1 S9CE "EY?+ T IS MOV$ IS MOV$
0"S?+ T IS XF MOV$ 0"S?+ ELSE1 "EY?+ T
HAS A CAPAC;Y = CAUS+ MO;N HAS Z S* A
CORRESPOND+ CAPAC;Y = 2+ MOV$3 I4E4 X W
H A CAPAC;Y = 2+ MOV$ 9 ! S5SE 9 : "O
MI<T SAY T "EY?+ T HAS A CAPAC;Y = MAK+
H1L?Y1 & EX]CISES T CAPAC;Y1 HAS Z S* A
CAPAC;Y = 2+ MADE H1L?Y1 & T : HAS A
CAPAC;Y = BUILD+ HAS Z S* A CAPAC;Y = 2+
BUILT4 ,X W H ! CAPAC;Y = 2+ ?US MOV$ EI
IMMLY OR "? "O OR M L9KS 7Z X W IF1 :ILE
"EY?+ T HAS A CAPAC;Y = CAUS+ MO;N HAS Z
S* A CAPAC;Y = 2+ MOV$ 0"S?+ ELSE1 !
MO;N T X HAS ! CAPAC;Y = SU6]+ IS N T )
: X A6ECTS :AT IS NEXT 6X1 B A MO;N (A
DI6]5T K9D2 E4G4 T : HAS A CAPAC;Y =
MAK+ H1L?Y MI<T Z S* H A CAPAC;Y = LE>N4
! S]IES1 H["E1 CD 2 TRAC$ BACK1 Z WE SD
2F1 UNTIL AT "S "T OR O!R WE >RIV$ AT !
SAME K9D ( MO;N74 ,N[ ! F/ ALT]NATIVE IS
IMPOSSI#1 &! SECOND IS FANTA/IC3 X IS
ABSURD T T : HAS A CAPAC;Y = CAUS+
ALT],N %D Z S* NECESS>ILY H A CAPAC;Y1
LET U SAY1 = 9CR1SE4 ,X IS N NEC1 "!=E1
T T : IS MOV$ %D ALW 2 MOV$ 0"S?+ ELSE T
IS XF MOV$ 0"S?+ ELSE3 S "! W 2 AN 5D 6!
S]IES4 ,3SEQU5TLY ! F/ ?+ T IS 9 MO;N W
DERIVE XS MO;N EI F "S?+ T IS AT RE/ OR
F XF4 ,B IF "! 7 ANY NE$ 63SID] : (!
TWO1 T : MOVES XF OR T : IS MOV$ 0"S?+
ELSE1 IS ! CAUSE & PR9CIPLE ( MO;N1 E "O
WD DECIDE ! =M]3 = T : IS XF 9DEP5D5TLY
A CAUSE IS ALW PRIOR Z A CAUSE 6T : IS S
ONLY 9 VIRTUE ( 2+ XF DEP5D5T ^U "S?+
ELSE T MAKES X S4
  ,WE M/ "!=E MAKE A FRE% />T & 3SID] !
"Q2 IF A ?+ MOVES XF1 9 :AT S5SE & 9 :AT
MANN] DOES X D S8 ,N[ "EY?+ T IS 9 MO;N
M/ 2 9F9ITELY DIVISI#1 = X HAS BE5 %[N
ALR 9 \R G5]AL C\RSE ON ,PHYSICS1 T
"EY?+ T IS ESS5TI,Y 9 MO;N IS 3T9U\S4
,N[ X IS IMPOSSI# T T : MOVES XF %D 9 XS
5TIRETY MOVE XF3 = !N1 :ILE 2+
SPECIFIC,Y "O & 9DIVISI#1 X WD Z A ,:OLE
BO? "UGO & CAUSE ! SAME LOCOMO;N OR
ALT],N3 ?US X WD AT ! SAME "T 2 BO? T1*+
& 2+ TAU<T 7! SAME ?+71 OR BO? RE/OR+ 6&
2+ RE/OR$ 6! SAME H1L?4 ,MOREOV]1 WE H
E/ABLI%$ ! FACT T X IS ! MOVA# T IS
MOV$2 & ? IS POT5TI,Y1 N ACTU,Y1 9 MO;N1
B ! POT5TIAL IS 9 PROCESS 6ACTUAL;Y1 &
MO;N IS AN 9COMPLETE ACTUAL;Y (! MOVA#4
,! MOV5T ON ! O!R H& IS ALR 9 ACTIV;Y3
E4G4 X IS T : IS HOT T PRODUCES H1T3 9
FACT1 T : PRODUCES ! =M IS ALW "S?+ T
POSSESSES X4 ,3SEQU5TLY 7IF A ?+ C MOVE
XF Z A :OLE71 ! SAME ?+ 9 RESPECT (!
SAME ?+ MAY 2 AT ! SAME "T BO? HOT & N
HOT4 ,S1 TOO1 9 E O!R CASE ": ! MOV5T M/
2 DESCRIB$ 0! SAME "N 9 ! SAME S5SE Z !
MOV$4 ,"!=E :5 A ?+ MOVES XF X IS "O "P
( X T IS ! MOV5T & ANO!R "P T IS MOV$4
,B X IS N SELF-MOV+ 9 ! S5SE T EA* (!
TWO "PS IS MOV$ 0! O!R "P3 ! FOLL[+
3SID],NS MAKE ? EVID5T4 ,9 ! F/ PLACE1
IF EA* (! TWO "PS IS 6MOVE ! O!R1 "! W 2
NO F/ MOV5T4 ,IF A ?+ IS MOV$ 0A S]IES (
MOV5TS1 T : IS E>LI] 9 ! S]IES IS M !
CAUSE ( XS 2+ MOV$ ?AN T : -ES NEXT1 & W
2 M TRULY ! MOV5T3 = WE F.D T "! >E TWO
K9DS ( MOV5T1 T : IS XF MOV$ 0"S?+ ELSE
& T : DERIVES XS MO;N F XF3 & T : IS
FUR!R F ! ?+ T IS MOV$ IS NE>] 6!
PR9CIPLE ( MO;N ?AN T : IS 9T]M$IATE4 ,9
! SECOND PLACE1 "! IS NO NECESS;Y =!
MOV5T "P 6BE MOV$ 0ANY?+ B XF3 S X C
ONLY 2 A3ID5T,Y T ! O!R "P MOVES X 9
RETURN4 ,I TAKE !N ! POSSI# CASE ( XS N
MOV+ X3 !N "! W 2 A "P T IS MOV$ &A "P T
IS AN UNMOV$ MOV5T4 ,9 ! ?IRD PLACE1 "!
IS NO NECESS;Y =! MOV5T 6BE MOV$ 9
RETURN3 ON ! 3TR>Y ! NECESS;Y T "! %D
ALW 2 MO;N MAKES X NEC T "! %D 2 "S
MOV5T T IS EI UNMOV$ OR MOV$ 0XF4 ,9 !
F\R? PLACE WE %D !N H A ?+ "UGO+ ! SAME
MO;N T X IS CAUS+-T : IS PRODUC+ H1T1
"!=E1 2+ H1T$4 ,B Z A MATT] ( FACT T :
PRIM>ILY MOVES XF _C 3TA9 EI A S+LE "P T
MOVES XF OR A NUMB] ( "PS EA* ( : MOVES
XF4 ,=1 IF ! :OLE IS MOV$ 0XF1 X M/ 2
MOV$ EI 0"S "P ( XF OR Z A :OLE 0XF Z A
:OLE4 ,IF1 !N1 X IS MOV$ 9 VIRTUE ( "S
"P ( X 2+ MOV$ 0T "P XF1 X IS ? "P T W 2
! PRIM>Y SELF-MOV5T1 S9CE1 IF ? "P IS
SEP>AT$ F ! :OLE1 ! "P W / MOVE XF1 B !
:OLE W D S NO L;G]4 ,IF ON ! O!R H& !
:OLE IS MOV$ 0XF Z A :OLE1 X M/ 2
A3ID5T,Y T ! "PS MOVE !MVS3 & "!=E1 _!
SELF-MO;N N 2+ NEC1 WE MAY TAKE ! CASE (
_! N 2+ MOV$ 0!MVS4 ,"!=E 9 ! :OLE (! ?+
WE MAY 4T+UI% T : IM"PS MO;N )\T XF 2+
MOV$ & T : IS MOV$3 = ONLY 9 ? WAY IS X
POSSI# =A ?+ 6BE SELF-MOV$4 ,FUR!R1 IF !
:OLE MOVES XF WE MAY 4T+UI% 9 X T :
IM"PS ! MO;N & T : IS MOV$3 S :ILE WE
SAY T ;,,AB IS MOV$ 0XF1 WE MAY AL SAY T
X IS MOV$ BY ;,A4 ,& S9CE T : IM"PS MO;N
MAY 2 EI A ?+ T IS MOV$ 0"S?+ ELSE OR A
?+ T IS UNMOV$1 & T : IS MOV$ MAY 2 EI A
?+ T IM"PS MO;N 6"S?+ ELSE OR A ?+ T
DOES N1 T : MOVES XF M/ 2 -POS$ ( "S?+ T
IS UNMOV$ B IM"PS MO;N & AL ( "S?+ T IS
MOV$ B DOES N NECESS>ILY IM"P MO;N B MAY
OR MAY N D S4 ,?US LET ,A 2 "S?+ T IM"PS
MO;N B IS UNMOV$1 ;,B "S?+ T IS MOV$ BY
;,A & MOVES ;,G1 ;,G "S?+ T IS MOV$ BY
;,B B MOVES NO?+ 7GRANT$ T WE EV5TU,Y
>RIVE AT ;,G WE MAY TAKE X T "! IS ONLY
"O 9T]M$IATE T]M1 ?\< "! MAY 2 M74 ,!N !
:OLE ,,ABG MOVES XF4 ,B IF ,I TAKE AWAY
;,G1 ;,,AB W MOVE XF1 ,A IM"P+ MO;N &
;,B 2+ MOV$1 ":AS ;,G W N MOVE XF OR 9
FACT 2 MOV$ AT ALL4 ,NOR AG W ,,BG MOVE
XF A"P F ,A3 = ;,B IM"PS MO;N ONLY "? 2+
MOV$ 0"S?+ ELSE1 N "? 2+ MOV$ 0ANY "P (
XF4 ,S ONLY ;,,AB MOVES XF4 ,T : MOVES
XF1 "!=E1 M/ -PRISE "S?+ T IM"PS MO;N B
IS UNMOV$ & "S?+ T IS MOV$ B DOES N
NECESS>ILY MOVE ANY?+ ELSE3 & EA* ( ^!
TWO ?+S1 OR AT ANY RATE "O ( !M1 M/ 2 9
3TACT )! O!R4 ,IF1 !N1 T : IM"PS MO;N IS
A 3T9U\S SUB/.E-T : IS MOV$ M/ ( C\RSE 2
S-X IS CLE> T X IS N "? "S "P (! :OLE 2+
( S* A NATURE Z 6BE CAPA# ( MOV+ XF T !
:OLE MOVES XF3 X MOVES XF Z A :OLE1 BO?
2+ MOV$ & IM"P+ MO;N "? 3TA9+ A "P T
IM"PS MO;N &A "P T IS MOV$4 ,X DOES N
IM"P MO;N Z A :OLE NOR IS X MOV$ Z A
:OLE3 X IS ,A AL"O T IM"PS MO;N & ;,B
AL"O T IS MOV$4 ,X IS N TRUE1 FUR!R1 T
;,G IS MOV$ BY ;,A1 : IS IMPOSSI#4
  ,"H A DI6ICULTY >ISES3 IF "S?+ IS TAK5
AWAY F ,A 7SUPPOS+ T T : IM"PS MO;N B IS
UNMOV$ IS A 3T9U\S SUB/.E71 OR F ;,B !
"P T IS MOV$1 W ! REMA9D] ( ,A 3T9UE
6IM"P MO;N OR ! REMA9D] ( ;,B 3T9UE 6BE
MOV$8 ,IF S1 X W N 2 ;,,AB PRIM>ILY T IS
MOV$ 0XF1 S9CE1 :5 "S?+ IS TAK5 AWAY F
;,,AB1 ! REMA9D] ( ;,,AB W / 3T9UE 6MOVE
XF4 ,P]H WE MAY /ATE ! CASE ?US3 "! IS
NO?+ 6PREV5T EA* (! TWO "PS1 OR AT ANY
RATE "O ( !M1 T : IS MOV$1 2+ DIVISI#
?\< ACTU,Y UNDIVID$1 S T IF X IS DIVID$
X W N 3T9UE 9 ! POSSES.N (! SAME
CAPAC;Y3 & S "! IS NO?+ 6PREV5T SELF-
MO;N RESID+ PRIM>ILY 9 ?+S T >E POT5TI,Y
DIVISI#4
  ,F :AT HAS BE5 SD1 !N1 X IS EVID5T T T
: PRIM>ILY IM"PS MO;N IS UNMOV$3 =1 :E!R
! S]IES IS CLOS$ AT ONCE 0T : IS 9 MO;N
B MOV$ 0"S?+ ELSE DERIV+ XS MO;N
DIRECTLY F ! F/ UNMOV$1 OR :E!R ! MO;N
IS DERIV$ F :AT IS 9 MO;N B MOVES XF &
/OPS XS [N MO;N1 ON BO? SUPPOSI;NS WE H
! RESULT T 9 ALL CASES ( ?+S 2+ 9 MO;N T
: PRIM>ILY IM"PS MO;N IS UNMOV$4
  #F
  ,S9CE "! M/ ALW 2 MO;N )\T 9T]MIS.N1
"! M/ NECESS>ILY 2 "S?+1 "O ?+ OR X MAY
2 A PLURAL;Y1 T F/ IM"PS MO;N1 & ? F/
MOV5T M/ 2 UNMOV$4 ,N[ ! "Q :E!R EA* (!
?+S T >E UNMOV$ B IM"P MO;N IS ET]NAL IS
IRRELEVANT 6\R PRES5T >GU;T3 B ! FOLL[+
3SID],NS W MAKE X CLE> T "! M/
NECESS>ILY 2 "S S* ?+1 :1 :ILE X HAS !
CAPAC;Y ( MOV+ "S?+ ELSE1 IS XF UNMOV$ &
EXEMPT F ALL *ANGE1 : C A6ECT X NEI 9 AN
UNQUALIFI$ NOR 9 AN A3ID5TAL S5SE4 ,LET
U SUPPOSE1 IF ANY "O LIKES1 T 9 ! CASE (
C]TA9 ?+S X IS POSSI# = !M AT DI6]5T "TS
6BE & N 6BE1 )\T ANY PROCESS ( 2COM+ &
P]I%+ 7IN FACT X WD SEEM 6BE NEC1 IF A
?+ T HAS N "PS AT "O "T IS & AT ANO!R "T
IS N1 T ANY S* ?+ %D )\T "UGO+ ANY
PROCESS ( *ANGE AT "O "T 2 & AT ANO!R "T
N BE74 ,& LET U FUR!R SUPPOSE X POSSI# T
"S PR9CIPLES T >E UNMOV$ B CAPA# ( IM"P+
MO;N AT "O "T >E & AT ANO!R "T >E N4
,EV5 S1 ? _C 2 TRUE ( ALL S* PR9CIPLES1
S9CE "! M/ CLE>LY 2 "S?+ T CAUSES ?+S T
MOVE !MVS AT "O "T 6BE & AT ANO!R N 6BE4
,=1 S9CE NO?+ T HAS N "PS C 2 9 MO;N1 T
: MOVES XF M/ Z A :OLE H MAGNITUDE1 ?\<
NO?+ T WE H SD MAKES ? NECESS>ILY TRUE (
E MOV5T4 ,S ! FACT T "S ?+S 2COME & O!RS
P]I%1 & T ? IS S 3T9U\SLY1 _C 2 CAUS$
0ANY "O ( ^? ?+S T1 ?\< !Y >E UNMOV$1 D
N ALW EXI/3 NOR AG C X 2 CAUS$ 0ANY ( ^?
: MOVE C]TA9 "PICUL> ?+S1 :ILE O!RS MOVE
O!R ?+S4 ,! ET]N;Y & 3T9U;Y (! PROCESS
_C 2 CAUS$ EI 0ANY "O ( !M S+LY OR 0!
SUM ( !M1 2C ? CAUSAL REL,N M/ 2 ET]NAL
& NEC1 ":AS ! SUM ( ^! MOV5TS IS 9F9ITE
& !Y D N ALL EXI/ TGR4 ,X IS CLE>1 !N1 T
?\< "! MAY 2 C.T.S 9/.ES (! P]I%+ ( "S
PR9CIPLES T >E UNMOV$ B IM"P MO;N1 & ?\<
_M ?+S T MOVE !MVS P]I% & >E SU3E$$
0O!RS T -E 962+1 & ?\< "O ?+ T IS UNMOV$
MOVES "O ?+ :ILE ANO!R MOVES ANO!R1
N"E!.S "! IS "S?+ T -PREH5DS !M ALL1 & T
Z "S?+ A"P F EA* "O ( !M1 & ? X IS T IS
! CAUSE (! FACT T "S ?+S >E & O!RS >E N
&(! 3T9U\S PROCESS ( *ANGE3 & ? CAUSES !
MO;N (! O!R MOV5TS1 :ILE !Y >E ! CAUSES
(! MO;N ( O!R ?+S4 ,MO;N1 !N1 2+ ET]NAL1
! F/ MOV5T1 IF "! IS B "O1 W 2 ET]NAL
AL3 IF "! >E M ?AN "O1 "! W 2 A PLURAL;Y
( S* ET]NAL MOV5TS4 ,WE "\1 H["E1
6SUPPOSE T "! IS "O R ?AN _M1 &A F9ITE R
?AN AN 9F9ITE NUMB]4 ,:5 ! 3SEQU;ES ( EI
ASSUMP;N >E ! SAME1 WE %D ALW ASSUME T
?+S >E F9ITE R ?AN 9F9ITE 9 NUMB]1 S9CE
9 ?+S 3/ITUT$ 0NATURE T : IS F9ITE & T :
IS BETT] "\1 IF POSSI#1 6BE PRES5T R ?AN
! REV]SE3 & "H X IS SU6ICI5T 6ASSUME
ONLY "O MOV5T1 ! F/ ( UNMOV$ ?+S1 : 2+
ET]NAL W 2 ! PR9CIPLE ( MO;N 6"EY?+
ELSE4
  ,! FOLL[+ >GU;T AL MAKES X EVID5T T !
F/ MOV5T M/ 2 "S?+ T IS "O & ET]NAL4 ,WE
H %[N T "! M/ ALW 2 MO;N4 ,T 2+ S1 MO;N
M/ AL 2 3T9U\S1 2C :AT IS ALW IS 3T9U\S1
":AS :AT IS M]ELY 9 SU3ES.N IS N 3T9U\S4
,B FUR!R1 IF MO;N IS 3T9U\S1 X IS "O3 &
X IS "O ONLY IF ! MOV5T &! MOV$ T
3/ITUTE X >E EA* ( !M "O1 S9CE 9 ! EV5T
(A ?+'S 2+ MOV$ N[ 0"O ?+ & N[ 0ANO!R !
:OLE MO;N W N 2 3T9U\S B SU3ESSIVE4
  ,MOREOV] A 3VIC;N T "! IS A F/ UNMOV$
"S?+ MAY 2 R1*$ N ONLY F ! =EGO+ >GU;TS1
B AL 03SID]+ AG ! PR9CIPLES OP]ATIVE 9
MOV5TS4 ,N[ X IS EVID5T T AM;G EXI/+ ?+S
"! >E "S T >E "S"TS 9 MO;N & "S"TS AT
RE/4 ,? FACT HAS S]V$ ABV 6MAKE X CLE> T
X IS N TRUE EI T ALL ?+S >E 9 MO;N OR T
ALL ?+S >E AT RE/ OR T "S ?+S >E ALW AT
RE/ &! REMA9D] ALW 9 MO;N3 ON ? MATT]
PRO( IS SUPPLI$ 0?+S T FLUCTUATE 2T !
TWO & H ! CAPAC;Y ( 2+ "S"TS 9 MO;N &
"S"TS AT RE/4 ,! EXI/;E ( ?+S ( ? K9D IS
CLE> 6ALL3 B WE WI% 6EXPLA9 AL ! NATURE
( EA* (! O!R TWO K9DS & %[ T "! >E "S
?+S T >E ALW UNMOV$ & "S ?+S T >E ALW 9
MO;N4 ,9 ! C\RSE ( \R >GU;T DIRECT$ 6?
5D WE E/ABLI%$ ! FACT T "EY?+ T IS 9
MO;N IS MOV$ 0"S?+1 & T ! MOV5T IS EI
UNMOV$ OR 9 MO;N1 & T1 IF X IS 9 MO;N1 X
IS MOV$ EI 0XF OR 0"S?+ ELSE & S ON "?\T
! S]IES3 & S WE PROCE$$ 6! POSI;N T ! F/
PR9CIPLE T DIRECTLY CAUSES ?+S T >E 9
MO;N 6BE MOV$ IS T : MOVES XF1 &! F/
PR9CIPLE (! :OLE S]IES IS ! UNMOV$4
,FUR!R X IS EVID5T F ACTUAL OBS]V,N T "!
>E ?+S T H ! "*I/IC ( MOV+ !MVS1 E4G4 !
ANIMAL K+DOM &! :OLE CLASS ( LIV+ ?+S4
,? 2+ S1 !N1 ! VIEW 0 SU7E/$ T P]H X MAY
2 POSSI# = MO;N 6-E 6BE 9 A ?+ )\T HAV+
BE5 9 EXI/;E AT ALL 2F1 2C WE SEE ?
ACTU,Y O3URR+ 9 ANIMALS3 !Y >E UNMOV$ AT
"O "T & !N AG !Y >E 9 MO;N1 Z X SEEMS4
,WE M/ GRASP ! FACT1 "!=E1 T ANIMALS
MOVE !MVS ONLY ) "O K9D ( MO;N1 & T ? IS
N /RICTLY ORIG9AT$ 0!M4 ,! CAUSE ( X IS
N DERIV$ F ! ANIMAL XF3 X IS 3NECT$ )
O!R NATURAL MO;NS 9 ANIMALS1 : !Y D N
EXP]I;E "? _! [N 9/RU;TAL;Y1 E4G4
9CR1SE1 DECR1SE1 & RESPIR,N3 ^! >E
EXP]I;ED 0E ANIMAL :ILE X IS AT RE/ & N
9 MO;N 9 RESPECT (! MO;N SET UP 0XS [N
AG5CY3 "H ! MO;N IS CAUS$ 0! ATMOSPH]E &
0_M ?+S T 5T] 96! ANIMAL3 ?US 9 "S CASES
! CAUSE IS N\RI%;T3 :5 X IS 2+ DIGE/$
ANIMALS SLEEP1 & :5 X IS 2+ 4TRIBUT$ "?
! SY/EM !Y AWAKE & MOVE !MVS1 ! F/
PR9CIPLE ( ? MO;N 2+ ?US ORIG9,Y DERIV$
F \TSIDE4 ,"!=E ANIMALS >E N ALW 9
3T9U\S MO;N 0_! [N AG5CY3 X IS "S?+ ELSE
T MOVES !M1 XF 2+ 9 MO;N & *ANG+ Z X -ES
96REL,N ) EA* S"EAL ?+ T MOVES XF4
7,MOREOV] 9 ALL ^! SELF-MOV+ ?+S ! F/
MOV5T & CAUSE ( _! SELF-MO;N IS XF MOV$
0XF1 ?\< 9 AN A3ID5TAL S5SE3 T IS 6SAY1
! BODY *ANGES XS PLACE1 S T T : IS 9 !
BODY *ANGES XS PLACE AL & IS A SELF-
MOV5T "? XS EX]CISE ( L"EAGE47 ,H;E WE
MAY 3FID5TLY 3CLUDE T IF A ?+ 2L;GS 6!
CLASS ( UNMOV$ MOV5TS T >E AL !MVS MOV$
A3ID5T,Y1 X IS IMPOSSI# T X %D CAUSE
3T9U\S MO;N4 ,S ! NECESS;Y T "! %D 2
MO;N 3T9U\SLY REQUIRES T "! %D 2 A F/
MOV5T T IS UNMOV$ EV5 A3ID5T,Y1 IF1 Z WE
H SD1 "! IS 6BE 9 ! _W ( ?+S AN UNC1S+ &
UNDY+ MO;N1 &! _W IS 6REMA9 P]MAN5TLY
SELF-3TA9$ & )9 ! SAME LIMITS3 = IF ! F/
PR9CIPLE IS P]MAN5T1 ! UNIV]SE M/ AL 2
P]MAN5T1 S9CE X IS 3T9U\S )! F/
PR9CIPLE4 7,WE M/ 4T+UI%1 H["E1 2T
A3ID5TAL MO;N (A ?+ 0XF & S* MO;N 0"S?+
ELSE1 ! =M] 2+ 3F9$ 6P]I%A# ?+S1 ":AS !
LATT] 2L;GS AL 6C]TA9 F/ PR9CIPLES (
H1V5LY BODIES1 ( ALL ^?1 T IS 6SAY1 T
EXP]I;E M ?AN "O LOCOMO;N47
  ,& FUR!R1 IF "! IS ALW "S?+ ( ?
NATURE1 A MOV5T T IS XF UNMOV$ & ET]NAL1
!N T : IS F/ MOV$ 0X M/ 2 ET]NAL4 ,9DE$
? IS CLE> AL F ! 3SID],N T "! WD O!RWISE
2 NO 2COM+ & P]I%+ & NO *ANGE ( ANY K9D
9 O!R ?+S1 : REQUIRE "S?+ T IS 9 MO;N
6MOVE !M3 =! MO;N IM"P$ 0! UNMOV$ W ALW
2 IM"P$ 9 ! SAME WAY & 2 "O &! SAME1
S9CE ! UNMOV$ DOES N XF *ANGE 9 REL,N 6T
: IS MOV$ 0X4 ,B T : IS MOV$ 0"S?+ T1
?\< X IS 9 MO;N1 IS MOV$ DIRECTLY 0!
UNMOV$ /&S 9 V>Y+ REL,NS 6! ?+S T X
MOVES1 S T ! MO;N T X CAUSES W N 2 ALW !
SAME3 0R1SON (! FACT T X O3UPIES 3TR>Y
POSI;NS OR ASSUMES 3TR>Y =MS AT DI6]5T
"TS X W PRODUCE 3TR>Y MO;NS 9 EA* S"EAL
?+ T X MOVES & W CAUSE X 6BE AT "O "T AT
RE/ & AT ANO!R "T 9 MO;N4
  ,! =EGO+ >GU;T1 !N1 HAS S]V$ 6CLE> UP
! PO9T AB : WE RAIS$ A DI6ICULTY AT !
\TSET-:Y IS X T 9/1D ( ALL ?+S 2+ EI 9
MO;N OR AT RE/1 OR "S ?+S 2+ ALW 9 MO;N
&! REMA9D] ALW AT RE/1 "! >E ?+S T >E
"S"TS 9 MO;N & "S"TS N8 ,! CAUSE ( ? IS
N[ PLA93 X IS 2C1 :ILE "S ?+S >E MOV$
0AN ET]NAL UNMOV$ MOV5T & >E "!=E ALW 9
MO;N1 O!R ?+S >E MOV$ 0A MOV5T T IS 9
MO;N & *ANG+1 S T !Y TOO M/ *ANGE4 ,B !
UNMOV$ MOV5T1 Z HAS BE5 SD1 S9CE X
REMA9S P]MAN5TLY SIMPLE & UNV>Y+ & 9 !
SAME /ATE1 W CAUSE MO;N T IS "O &
SIMPLE4
  #G
  ,? MATT] W 2 MADE CLE>]1 H["E1 IF WE
/>T AFRE% F ANO!R PO9T4 ,WE M/ 3SID]
:E!R X IS OR IS N POSSI# T "! %D 2 A
3T9U\S MO;N1 &1 IF X IS POSSI#1 : ? MO;N
IS1 & : IS ! PRIM>Y MO;N3 = X IS PLA9 T
IF "! M/ ALW 2 MO;N1 &A "PICUL> MO;N IS
PRIM>Y & 3T9U\S1 !N X IS ? MO;N T IS
IM"P$ 0! F/ MOV5T1 & S X IS NECESS>ILY
"O &! SAME & 3T9U\S & PRIM>Y4
  ,N[ (! ?REE K9DS ( MO;N T "! >E-MO;N 9
RESPECT ( MAGNITUDE1 MO;N 9 RESPECT (
A6EC;N1 & MO;N 9 RESPECT ( PLACE-X IS ?
LA/1 : WE CALL LOCOMO;N1 T M/ 2 PRIM>Y4
,? MAY 2 %[N Z FOLL[S4 ,X IS IMPOSSI# T
"! %D 2 9CR1SE )\T ! PREVI\S O3URR;E (
ALT],N3 = T : IS 9CR1S$1 AL? 9 A S5SE X
IS 9CR1S$ 0:AT IS L XF1 IS 9 A S5SE
9CR1S$ 0:AT IS UNLIKE XF3 ?US X IS SD T
3TR>Y IS N\RI%;T 63TR>Y3 B GR[? IS
E6ECT$ ONLY 0?+S 2COM+ L 6L4 ,"! M/ 2
ALT],N1 !N1 9 T "! IS ? *ANGE F 3TR>Y
63TR>Y4 ,B ! FACT T A ?+ IS ALT]$
REQUIRES T "! %D 2 "S?+ T ALT]S X1 "S?+
E4G4 T MAKES ! POT5TI,Y HOT 96! ACTU,Y
HOT3 S X IS PLA9 T ! MOV5T DOES N MA9TA9
A UNI=M REL,N 6X B IS AT "O "T NE>] 6&
AT ANO!R F>!R F T : IS ALT]$3 & WE _C H
? )\T LOCOMO;N4 ,IF1 "!=E1 "! M/ ALW 2
MO;N1 "! M/ AL ALW 2 LOCOMO;N Z ! PRIM>Y
MO;N1 &1 IF "! IS A PRIM>Y Z 4T+UI%$ F A
SECOND>Y =M ( LOCOMO;N1 X M/ 2 ! PRIM>Y
=M4 ,AG1 ALL A6EC;NS H _! ORIG9 9 3D5S,N
& R>EFAC;N3 ?US H1VY & LI<T1 S(T & H>D1
HOT & COLD1 >E 3SID]$ 6BE =MS ( D5S;Y &
R>;Y4 ,B 3D5S,N & R>EFAC;N >E NO?+ M ?AN
-B9,N & SEP>,N1 PROCESSES 9 A3ORD.E ) :
SUB/.ES >E SD 62COME & P]I%3 & 9 2+ -B9$
& SEP>AT$ ?+S M/ *ANGE 9 RESPECT (
PLACE4 ,& FUR!R1 :5 A ?+ IS 9CR1S$ OR
DECR1S$ XS MAGNITUDE *ANGES 9 RESPECT (
PLACE4
  ,AG1 "! IS ANO!R PO9T ( VIEW F : X W 2
CLE>LY SE5 T LOCOMO;N IS PRIM>Y4 ,Z 9 !
CASE ( O!R ?+S S TOO 9 ! CASE ( MO;N !
^W ,8PRIM>Y0' MAY 2 US$ 9 S"EAL S5SES4
,A ?+ IS SD 6BE PRIOR 6O!R ?+S :51 IF X
DOES N EXI/1 ! O!RS W N EXI/1 ":AS X C
EXI/ )\T ! O!RS3 & "! IS AL PRIOR;Y 9 "T
& PRIOR;Y 9 P]FEC;N ( EXI/;E4 ,LET U
2G91 !N1 )! F/ S5SE4 ,N[ "! M/ 2 MO;N
3T9U\SLY1 & "! MAY 2 3T9U\SLY EI 3T9U\S
MO;N OR SU3ESSIVE MO;N1 ! =M]1 H["E1 9 A
HI<] DEGREE ?AN ! LATT]3 MOREOV] X IS
BETT] T X %D 2 3T9U\S R ?AN SU3ESSIVE
MO;N1 & WE ALW ASSUME ! PRES;E 9 NATURE
(! BETT]1 IF X 2 POSSI#3 S9CE1 !N1
3T9U\S MO;N IS POSSI# 7? W 2 PROV$ LAT]3
=! PRES5T LET U TAKE X = GRANT$71 & NO
O!R MO;N C 2 3T9U\S EXCEPT LOCOMO;N1
LOCOMO;N M/ 2 PRIM>Y4 ,= "! IS NO
NECESS;Y =! SUBJECT ( LOCOMO;N 6BE !
SUBJECT EI ( 9CR1SE OR ( ALT],N1 NOR NE$
X 2COME OR P]I%3 ON ! O!R H& "! _C 2 ANY
"O ( ^! PROCESSES )\T ! EXI/;E (! 3T9U\S
MO;N IM"P$ 0! F/ MOV5T4
  ,SECONDLY1 LOCOMO;N M/ 2 PRIM>Y 9 "T3
= ? IS ! ONLY MO;N POSSI# = ?+S4 ,X IS
TRUE 9DE$ T1 9 ! CASE ( ANY 9DIVIDUAL ?+
T HAS A 2COM+1 LOCOMO;N M/ 2 ! LA/ ( XS
MO;NS3 = AF XS 2COM+ X F/ EXP]I;ES
ALT],N & 9CR1SE1 & LOCOMO;N IS A MO;N T
2L;GS 6S* ?+S ONLY :5 !Y >E P]FECT$4 ,B
"! M/ PREVI\SLY 2 "S?+ ELSE T IS 9
PROCESS ( LOCOMO;N 6BE ! CAUSE EV5 (!
2COM+ ( ?+S T 2COME1 )\T XF 2+ 9 PROCESS
( 2COM+1 Z E4G4 ! 2GOTT5 IS PREC$$ 0:AT
2GOT X3 O!RWISE 2COM+ MI<T 2 ?"\ 6BE !
PRIM>Y MO;N ON ! GR.D T ! ?+ M/ F/
2COME4 ,B ?\< ? IS S 9 ! CASE ( ANY
9DIVIDUAL ?+ T 2COMES1 N"E!.S 2F ANY?+
2COMES1 "S?+ ELSE M/ 2 9 MO;N1 N XF
2COM+ B 2+1 & 2F ? "! M/ AG 2 "S?+ ELSE4
,& S9CE 2COM+ _C 2 PRIM>Y-=1 IF X W]E1
"EY?+ T IS 9 MO;N WD 2 P]I%A#-X IS PLA9
T NO "O (! MO;NS NEXT 9 ORD] C 2 PRIOR
6LOCOMO;N4 ,0! MO;NS NEXT 9 ORD] ,I M1N
9CR1SE & !N ALT],N1 DECR1SE1 & P]I%+4
,ALL ^! >E PO/]IOR 62COM+3 3SEQU5TLY1 IF
N EV5 2COM+ IS PRIOR 6LOCOMO;N1 !N NO "O
(! O!R PROCESSES ( *ANGE IS S EI4
  ,?IRDLY1 T : IS 9 PROCESS ( 2COM+
APPE>S UNIV]S,Y Z "S?+ IMP]FECT &
PROCE$+ 6A F/ PR9CIPLE3 & S :AT IS
PO/]IOR 9 ! ORD] ( 2COM+ IS PRIOR 9 !
ORD] ( NATURE4 ,N[ ALL ?+S T G "? !
PROCESS ( 2COM+ ACQUIRE LOCOMO;N LA/4 ,X
IS ? T A3.TS =! FACT T "S LIV+ ?+S1 E4G4
PLANTS & _M K9DS ( ANIMALS1 [+ 6LACK (!
REQUISITE ORGAN1 >E 5TIRELY )\T MO;N1
":AS O!RS ACQUIRE X 9 ! C\RSE ( _! 2+
P]FECT$4 ,"!=E1 IF ! DEGREE 9 : ?+S
POSSESS LOCOMO;N CORRESPONDS 6! DEGREE 9
: !Y H R1LIZ$ _! NATURAL DEVELOP;T1 !N ?
MO;N M/ 2 PRIOR 6ALL O!RS 9 RESPECT (
P]FEC;N ( EXI/;E3 & N ONLY = ? R1SON B
AL 2C A ?+ T IS 9 MO;N LOSES XS ESS5TIAL
"* LESS 9 ! PROCESS ( LOCOMO;N ?AN 9 ANY
O!R K9D ( MO;N3 X IS ! ONLY MO;N T DOES
N 9VOLVE A *ANGE ( 2+ 9 ! S5SE 9 : "! IS
A *ANGE 9 QUAL;Y :5 A ?+ IS ALT]$ &A
*ANGE 9 QUANT;Y :5 A ?+ IS 9CR1S$ OR
DECR1S$4 ,ABV ALL X IS PLA9 T ? MO;N1
MO;N 9 RESPECT ( PLACE1 IS :AT IS 9 !
/RICTE/ S5SE PRODUC$ 0T : MOVES XF2 B X
IS ! SELF-MOV5T T WE DCL 6BE ! F/
PR9CIPLE ( ?+S T >E MOV$ & IM"P MO;N &!
PRIM>Y S\RCE 6: ?+S T >E 9 MO;N >E 6BE
REF]R$4
  ,X IS CLE>1 !N1 F ! =EGO+ >GU;TS T
LOCOMO;N IS ! PRIM>Y MO;N4 ,WE H N[ 6%[
: K9D ( LOCOMO;N IS PRIM>Y4 ,! SAME
PROCESS ( R1SON+ W AL MAKE CLE> AT !
SAME "T ! TRU? (! ASSUMP;N WE H MADE BO?
N[ & AT A PREVI\S /AGE T X IS POSSI# T
"! %D 2 A MO;N T IS 3T9U\S & ET]NAL4 ,N[
X IS CLE> F ! FOLL[+ 3SID],NS T NO O!R
?AN LOCOMO;N C 2 3T9U\S4 ,E O!R MO;N &
*ANGE IS F AN OPPOSITE 6AN OPPOSITE3 ?US
=! PROCESSES ( 2COM+ & P]I%+ ! LIMITS >E
! EXI/5T &! NON-EXI/5T1 = ALT],N ! V>I\S
PAIRS ( 3TR>Y A6EC;NS1 &= 9CR1SE &
DECR1SE EI GRT;S & SMALL;S OR P]FEC;N &
IMP]FEC;N ( MAGNITUDE3 & *ANGES 6!
RESPECTIVE 3TR>IES >E 3TR>Y *ANGES4 ,N[
A ?+ T IS "UGO+ ANY "PICUL> K9D ( MO;N1
B ?\< PREVI\SLY EXI/5T HAS N ALW "UG"O
X1 M/ PREVI\SLY H BE5 AT RE/ S F> Z T
MO;N IS 3C]N$4 ,X IS CLE>1 !N1 T =!
*ANG+ ?+ ! 3TR>IES W 2 /ATES ( RE/4 ,&
WE H A SIMIL> RESULT 9 ! CASE ( *ANGES T
>E N MO;NS3 = 2COM+ & P]I%+1 :E!R REG>D$
SIMPLY Z S* )\T QUALIFIC,N OR Z A6ECT+
"S?+ 9 "PICUL>1 >E OPPOSITES3 "!=E
PROVID$ X IS IMPOSSI# =A ?+ 6"UGO
OPPOSITE *ANGES AT ! SAME "T1 ! *ANGE W
N 2 3T9U\S1 B A P]IOD ( "T W 9T]V5E 2T !
OPPOSITE PROCESSES4 ,! "Q :E!R ^!
3TRADICTORY *ANGES >E 3TR>IES OR N MAKES
NO DI6];E1 PROVID$ ONLY X IS IMPOSSI# =
!M BO? 6BE PRES5T 6! SAME ?+ AT ! SAME
"T3 ! PO9T IS ( NO IMPORT.E 6! >GU;T4
,NOR DOES X MATT] IF ! ?+ NE$ N RE/ 9 !
3TRADICTORY /ATE1 OR IF "! IS NO /ATE (
RE/ Z A 3TR>Y 6! PROCESS ( *ANGE3 X MAY
2 TRUE T ! NON-EXI/5T IS N AT RE/1 & T
P]I%+ IS A PROCESS 6! NON-EXI/5T4 ,ALL T
MATT]S IS ! 9T]V5;N (A "T3 X IS ? T
PREV5TS ! *ANGE F 2+ 3T9U\S3 S1 TOO1 9
\R PREVI\S 9/.ES ! IMPORTANT ?+ 0 N !
REL,N ( 3TR>IETY B ! IMPOSSIBIL;Y (! TWO
PROCESSES 2+ PRES5T 6A ?+ AT ! SAME "T4
,& "! IS NO NE$ 6BE 4TURB$ 0! FACT T ON
? %[+ "! MAY 2 M ?AN "O 3TR>Y 6! SAME
?+1 T A "PICUL> MO;N W 2 3TR>Y BO? 6RE/
& 6MO;N 9 ! 3TR>Y DIREC;N4 ,WE H ONLY
6GRASP ! FACT T A "PICUL> MO;N IS 9 A
S5SE ! OPPOSITE BO? (A /ATE ( RE/ &(!
3TR>Y MO;N1 9 ! SAME WAY Z T : IS (
EQUAL OR /&>D M1SURE IS ! OPPOSITE BO? (
T : SURPASSES X &( T : X SURPASSES1 & T
X IS IMPOSSI# =! OPPOSITE MO;NS OR
*ANGES 6BE PRES5T 6A ?+ AT ! SAME "T4
,FUR!RMORE1 9 ! CASE ( 2COM+ & P]I%+ X
WD SEEM 6BE AN UTT]LY ABSURD ?+ IF Z
SOON Z ANY?+ HAS 2COME X M/ NECESS>ILY
P]I% & _C 3T9UE 6EXI/ = ANY "T3 &1 IF ?
IS TRUE ( 2COM+ & P]I%+1 WE H FAIR GR.DS
= 9F]R+ ! SAME 6BE TRUE (! O!R K9DS (
*ANGE1 S9CE X WD 2 9 ! NATURAL ORD] (
?+S T !Y %D 2 UNI=M 9 ? RESPECT4
  #H
  ,LET U N[ PROCE$ 6MA9TA9 T X IS POSSI#
T "! %D 2 AN 9F9ITE MO;N T IS S+LE &
3T9U\S1 & T ? MO;N IS ROTATORY MO;N4 ,!
MO;N ( "EY?+ T IS 9 PROCESS ( LOCOMO;N
IS EI ROTATORY OR RECTIL9E> OR A -P.D (!
TWO3 3SEQU5TLY1 IF "O (! =M] TWO IS N
3T9U\S1 T : IS -POS$ ( !M BO? _C 2
3T9U\S EI4 ,N[ X IS PLA9 T IF ! LOCOMO;N
(A ?+ IS RECTIL9E> & F9ITE X IS N 3T9U\S
LOCOMO;N3 =! ?+ M/ TURN BACK1 & T :
TURNS BACK 9 A /RAI<T L9E "UGOES TWO
3TR>Y LOCOMO;NS1 S9CE1 S F> Z MO;N 9
RESPECT ( PLACE IS 3C]N$1 UPW>D MO;N IS
! 3TR>Y ( D[NW>D MO;N1 =W>D MO;N (
BACKW>D MO;N1 & MO;N 6! LEFT ( MO;N 6!
"R1 ^! 2+ ! PAIRS ( 3TR>IES 9 ! SPH]E (
PLACE4 ,B WE H ALR DEF9$ S+LE & 3T9U\S
MO;N 6BE MO;N (A S+LE ?+ 9 A S+LE P]IOD
( "T & OP]AT+ )9 A SPH]E ADMITT+ ( NO
FUR!R SPECIFIC DI6]5TI,N 7= WE H ?REE
?+S 63SID]1 F/ T : IS 9 MO;N1 E4G4 A MAN
OR A GOD1 SECONDLY ! ,8:50' (! MO;N1 T
IS 6SAY1 ! "T1 & ?IRDLY ! SPH]E )9 : X
OP]ATES1 : MAY 2 EI PLACE OR A6EC;N OR
ESS5TIAL =M OR MAGNITUDE73 & 3TR>IES >E
SPECIFIC,Y N "O &! SAME B 4T9CT3 & )9 !
SPH]E ( PLACE WE H ! ABV-M5;N$ 4T9C;NS4
,MOREOV] WE H AN 9DIC,N T MO;N F ,A TO
;,B IS ! 3TR>Y ( MO;N F ;,B TO ;,A 9 !
FACT T1 IF !Y O3UR AT ! SAME "T1 !Y >RE/
& /OP EA* O!R4 ,&! SAME IS TRUE 9 ! CASE
(A CIRCLE3 ! MO;N F ,A T[>DS ;,B IS !
3TR>Y (! MO;N F ,A T[>DS ;,G3 = EV5 IF
!Y >E 3T9U\S & "! IS NO TURN+ BACK !Y
>RE/ EA* O!R1 2C 3TR>IES ANNIHILATE OR
OB/RUCT "O ANO!R4 ,ON ! O!R H& LAT]AL
MO;N IS N ! 3TR>Y ( UPW>D MO;N4 ,B :AT
%[S MO/ CLE>LY T RECTIL9E> MO;N _C 2
3T9U\S IS ! FACT T TURN+ BACK NECESS>ILY
IMPLIES -+ 6A /&1 N ONLY :5 X IS A
/RAI<T L9E T IS TRAV]S$1 B AL 9 ! CASE (
LOCOMO;N 9 A CIRCLE 7: IS N ! SAME ?+ Z
ROTATORY LOCOMO;N3 =1 :5 A ?+ M]ELY
TRAV]SES A CIRCLE1 X MAY EI PROCE$ ON XS
C\RSE )\T A BR1K OR TURN BACK AG :5 X
HAS R1*$ ! SAME PO9T F : X />T$74 ,WE
MAY ASSURE \RVS (! NECESS;Y ( ? -+ 6A /&
N ONLY ON ! /R5G? ( OBS]V,N1 B AL ON
!ORETICAL GR.DS4 ,WE MAY />T Z FOLL[S3
WE H ?REE PO9TS1 />T+-PO9T1 MI4LE-PO9T1
& F9I%+-PO9T1 ( : ! MI4LE-PO9T 9 VIRTUE
(! REL,NS 9 : X /&S S"E,Y 6! O!R TWO IS
BO? A />T+-PO9T &A F9I%+-PO9T1 & ?\<
NUM]IC,Y "O IS !ORETIC,Y TWO4 ,WE H
FUR!R ! 4T9C;N 2T ! POT5TIAL &! ACTUAL4
,S 9 ! /RAI<T L9E 9 "Q ANY "O (! PO9TS
LY+ 2T ! TWO EXTREMES IS POT5TI,Y A
MI4LE-PO9T3 B X IS N ACTU,Y S UN.S T :
IS 9 MO;N DIVIDES ! L9E 0-+ 6A /& AT T
PO9T & 2G9N+ XS MO;N AG3 ?US ! MI4LE-
PO9T 2COMES BO? A />T+-PO9T &A GOAL1 !
/>T+-PO9T (! LATT] "P &! F9I%+-PO9T (!
F/ "P (! MO;N4 ,? IS ! CASE E4G4 :5 ,A 9
! C\RSE ( XS LOCOMO;N -ES 6A /& AT ;,B &
/>TS AG T[>DS ;,G3 B :5 XS MO;N IS
3T9U\S ,A _C EI H -E 6BE OR H C1S$ 6BE
AT ! PO9T ;,B3 X C ONLY H BE5 "! AT !
MO;T ( PASS+1 XS PASSAGE N 2+ 3TA9$ )9
ANY P]IOD ( "T EXCEPT ! :OLE ( : !
"PICUL> MO;T IS A DIVID+-PO9T4 ,6MA9TA9
T X HAS -E 6BE & C1S$ 6BE "! W 9VOLVE !
3SEQU;E T ,A 9 ! C\RSE ( XS LOCOMO;N W
ALW 2 -+ 6A /&3 = X IS IMPOSSI# T ,A %D
SIMULTANE\SLY H -E 6BE AT ;,B & C1S$ 6BE
"!1 S T ! TWO ?+S M/ H HAPP5$ AT DI6]5T
PO9TS ( "T1 & "!=E "! W 2 ! 9T]V5+ P]IOD
( "T3 3SEQU5TLY ,A W 2 9 A /ATE ( RE/ AT
;,B1 & SIMIL>LY AT ALL O!R PO9TS1 S9CE !
SAME R1SON+ HOLDS GD 9 E CASE4 ,:5 TO
;,A1 T : IS 9 PROCESS ( LOCOMO;N1 ;,B1 !
MI4LE-PO9T1 S]VES BO? Z A F9I%+-PO9T & Z
A />T+-PO9T = XS MO;N1 ,A M/ -E 6A /& AT
;,B1 2C X MAKES X TWO J Z "O MI<T D 9
?"\4 ,H["E1 ! PO9T ,A IS ! R1L />T+-PO9T
AT : ! MOV+ BODY HAS C1S$ 6BE1 & X IS AT
;,G T X HAS RE,Y -E 6BE :5 XS C\RSE IS
F9I%$ & X -ES 6A /&4 ,S ? IS H[ WE M/
MEET ! DI6ICULTY T !N >ISES1 : IS Z
FOLL[S4 ,SUPPOSE ! L9E ;,E IS EQUAL 6!
L9E ;,Z1 T ,A PROCE$S 9 3T9U\S LOCOMO;N
F ! EXTREME PO9T ( ;,E TO ;,G1 & T1 AT !
MO;T :5 ,A IS AT ! PO9T ;,B1 ;,D IS
PROCE$+ 9 UNI=M LOCOMO;N &)! SAME
VELOC;Y Z ,A F ! EXTREM;Y ( ;,Z TO ;,H3
!N1 SAYS ! >GU;T1 ;,D W H R1*$ ;,H 2F ,A
HAS R1*$ ;,G = T : MAKES AN E>LI] />T &
DE"PURE M/ MAKE AN E>LI] >RIVAL3 !
R1SON1 !N1 =! LATE >RIVAL ( ,A IS T X
HAS N SIMULTANE\SLY -E 6BE & C1S$ 6BE AT
;,B3 O!RWISE X W N >RIVE LAT]3 = ?
6HAPP5 X W 2 NEC T X %D -E 6A /& "!4
,"!=E WE M/ N HOLD T "! 0 A MO;T :5 ,A
CAME 6BE AT ;,B & T AT ! SAME MO;T ;,D 0
9 MO;N F ! EXTREM;Y ( ;,Z3 =! FACT (
;,A'S HAV+ -E 6BE AT ;,B W 9VOLVE ! FACT
( XS AL C1S+ 6BE "!1 &! TWO EV5TS W N 2
SIMULTANE\S1 ":AS ! TRU? IS T ,A IS AT
;,B AT A SEC;NAL PO9T ( "T & DOES N
O3UPY "T "!4 ,9 ? CASE1 "!=E1 ": ! MO;N
(A ?+ IS 3T9U\S1 X IS IMPOSSI# 6USE ? =M
( EXPRES.N4 ,ON ! O!R H& 9 ! CASE (A ?+
T TURNS BACK 9 XS C\RSE WE M/ D S4 ,=
SUPPOSE ;,H 9 ! C\RSE ( XS LOCOMO;N
PROCE$S TO ;,D & !N TURNS BACK & PROCE$S
D[NW>DS AG3 !N ! EXTREME PO9T ;,D HAS
S]V$ Z F9I%+-PO9T & Z />T+-PO9T = X1 "O
PO9T ?US S]V+ Z TWO3 "!=E ;,H M/ H -E 6A
/& "!3 X _C H -E 6BE AT ;,D & DE"P$ F
;,D SIMULTANE\SLY1 = 9 T CASE X WD
SIMULTANE\SLY 2 "! & N 2 "! AT ! SAME
MO;T4 ,& "H WE _C APPLY ! >GU;T US$
6SOLVE ! DI6ICULTY /AT$ ABV3 WE _C >GUE
T ;,H IS AT ;,D AT A SEC;NAL PO9T ( "T &
HAS N -E 6BE OR C1S$ 6BE "!4 ,= "H !
GOAL T IS R1*$ IS NECESS>ILY "O T IS
ACTU,Y1 N POT5TI,Y1 EXI/5T4 ,N[ ! PO9T 9
! MI4LE IS POT5TIAL3 B ? "O IS ACTUAL1 &
REG>D$ F 2L X IS A F9I%+-PO9T1 :ILE
REG>D$ F ABV X IS A />T+-PO9T1 S T X /&S
9 ^! SAME TWO RESPECTIVE REL,NS 6! TWO
MO;NS4 ,"!=E T : TURNS BACK 9 TRAV]S+ A
RECTIL9E> C\RSE M/ 9 S DO+ -E 6A /&4
,3SEQU5TLY "! _C 2 A 3T9U\S RECTIL9E>
MO;N T IS ET]NAL4
  ,! SAME ME?OD %D AL 2 ADOPT$ 9 REPLY+
6^? :O ASK1 9 ! T]MS ( ,Z5O'S >GU;T1
:E!R WE ADMIT T 2F ANY 4T.E C 2 TRAV]S$
HALF ! 4T.E M/ 2 TRAV]S$1 T ^! HALF-
4T.ES >E 9F9ITE 9 NUMB]1 & T X IS
IMPOSSI# 6TRAV]SE 4T.ES 9F9ITE 9 NUMB]-
OR "S ON ! L9ES ( ? SAME >GU;T PUT ! "QS
9 ANO!R =M1 & WD H U GRANT T 9 ! "T DUR+
: A MO;N IS 9 PROGRESS X %D 2 POSSI#
6RECKON A HALF-MO;N 2F ! :OLE = E HALF-
4T.E T WE GET1 S T WE H ! RESULT T :5 !
:OLE 4T.E IS TRAV]S$ WE H RECKON$ AN
9F9ITE NUMB]1 : IS ADMITT$LY IMPOSSI#4
,N[ :5 WE F/ 4CUSS$ ! "Q ( MO;N WE PUT
=W>D A SOLU;N ( ? DI6ICULTY TURN+ ON !
FACT T ! P]IOD ( "T O3UPI$ 9 TRAV]S+ !
4T.E 3TA9S )9 XF AN 9F9ITE NUMB] (
UNITS3 "! IS NO ABSURD;Y1 WE SD1 9
SUPPOS+ ! TRAV]S+ ( 9F9ITE 4T.ES 9
9F9ITE "T1 &! ELE;T ( 9F9;Y IS PRES5T 9
! "T NO LESS ?AN 9 ! 4T.E4 ,B1 AL? ?
SOLU;N IS ADEQUATE Z A REPLY 6! "Q] 7!
"Q ASK$ 2+ :E!R X IS POSSI# 9 A F9ITE "T
6TRAV]SE OR RECKON AN 9F9ITE NUMB] (
UNITS71 N"E!.S Z AN A3.T (! FACT &
EXPLAN,N ( XS TRUE NATURE X IS
9ADEQUATE4 ,= SUPPOSE ! 4T.E 6BE LEFT \
( A3.T &! "Q ASK$ 6BE NO L;G] :E!R X IS
POSSI# 9 A F9ITE "T 6TRAV]SE AN 9F9ITE
NUMB] ( 4T.ES1 & SUPPOSE T ! 9QUIRY IS
MADE 6REF] 6! "T TAK5 0XF 7=! "T 3TA9S
AN 9F9ITE NUMB] ( DIVI.NS73 !N ? SOLU;N
W NO L;G] 2 ADEQUATE1 & WE M/ APPLY !
TRU? T WE ENUNCIAT$ 9 \R REC5T 4CUS.N1
/AT+ X 9 ! FOLL[+ WAY4 ,9 ! ACT ( DIVID+
! 3T9U\S 4T.E 96TWO HALVES "O PO9T IS
TR1T$ Z TWO1 S9CE WE MAKE X A />T+-PO9T
&A F9I%+-PO9T3 & ? SAME RESULT IS AL
PRODUC$ 0! ACT ( RECKON+ HALVES Z WELL Z
0! ACT ( DIVID+ 96HALVES4 ,B IF DIVI.NS
>E MADE 9 ? WAY1 NEI ! 4T.E NOR ! MO;N W
2 3T9U\S3 = MO;N IF X IS 6BE 3T9U\S M/
RELATE 6:AT IS 3T9U\S3 & ?\< :AT IS
3T9U\S 3TA9S AN 9F9ITE NUMB] ( HALVES1
!Y >E N ACTUAL B POT5TIAL HALVES4 ,IF !
HALVES >E MADE ACTUAL1 WE % GET N A
3T9U\S B AN 9T]MITT5T MO;N4 ,9 ! CASE (
RECKON+ ! HALVES1 X IS CLE> T ? RESULT
FOLL[S3 = !N "O PO9T M/ 2 RECKON$ Z TWO3
X W 2 ! F9I%+-PO9T (! "O HALF &! />T+-
PO9T (! O!R1 IF WE RECKON N ! "O 3T9U\S
:OLE B ! TWO HALVES4 ,"!=E 6! "Q :E!R X
IS POSSI# 6PASS "? AN 9F9ITE NUMB] (
UNITS EI ( "T OR ( 4T.E WE M/ REPLY T 9
A S5SE X IS & 9 A S5SE X IS N4 ,IF !
UNITS >E ACTUAL1 X IS N POSSI#3 IF !Y >E
POT5TIAL1 X IS POSSI#4 ,= 9 ! C\RSE (A
3T9U\S MO;N ! TRAVELL] HAS TRAV]S$ AN
9F9ITE NUMB] ( UNITS 9 AN A3ID5TAL S5SE
B N 9 AN UNQUALIFI$ S5SE3 = ?\< X IS AN
A3ID5TAL "*I/IC (! 4T.E 6BE AN 9F9ITE
NUMB] ( HALF-4T.ES1 ? IS N XS R1L &
ESS5TIAL "*4 ,X IS AL PLA9 T UN.S WE
HOLD T ! PO9T ( "T T DIVIDES E>LI] F
LAT] ALW 2L;GS ONLY 6! LAT] S F> Z ! ?+
IS 3C]N$1 WE % 2 9VOLV$ 9 ! 3SEQU;E T !
SAME ?+ IS AT ! SAME MO;T EXI/5T & N
EXI/5T1 & T A ?+ IS N EXI/5T AT ! MO;T
:5 X HAS 2COME4 ,X IS TRUE T ! PO9T IS
-MON 6BO? "TS1 ! E>LI] Z WELL Z ! LAT]1
& T1 :ILE NUM]IC,Y "O &! SAME1 X IS
!ORETIC,Y N S1 2+ ! F9I%+-PO9T (! "O &!
/>T+-PO9T (! O!R3 B S F> Z ! ?+ IS 3C]N$
X 2L;GS 6! LAT] /AGE ( :AT HAPP5S 6X4
,LET U SUPPOSE A "T ,,ABG &A ?+ ;,D1 ;,D
2+ :ITE 9 ! "T ;,A & N-:ITE 9 ! "T ,B4
,!N ;,D IS AT ! MO;T ;,G :ITE & N-:ITE3
= IF WE 7 "R 9 SAY+ T X IS :ITE DUR+ !
:OLE "T ;,A1 X IS TRUE 6CALL X :ITE AT
ANY MO;T ( ;,A1 & N-:ITE 9 ;,B1 & ;,G IS
9 BO? ;,A & ,B4 ,WE M/ N ALL[1 "!=E1 T X
IS :ITE 9 ! :OLE ( ;,A1 B M/ SAY T X IS
S 9 ALL ( X EXCEPT ! LA/ MO;T ,G4 ;,G
2L;GS ALR 6! LAT] P]IOD1 & IF 9 ! :OLE (
,A N-:ITE 0 9 PROCESS ( 2COM+ & :ITE (
P]I%+1 AT ;,G ! PROCESS IS -PLETE4 ,& S
;,G IS ! F/ MO;T AT : X IS TRUE 6CALL !
?+ :ITE OR N :ITE RESPECTIVELY4 ,O!RWISE
A ?+ MAY 2 NON-EXI/5T AT ! MO;T :5 X HAS
2COME & EXI/5T AT ! MO;T :5 X HAS P]I%$3
OR ELSE X M/ 2 POSSI# =A ?+ AT ! SAME "T
6BE :ITE & N :ITE & 9 FACT 6BE EXI/5T &
NON-EXI/5T4 ,FUR!R1 IF ANY?+ T EXI/S AF
HAV+ BE5 PREVI\SLY NON-EXI/5T M/ 2COME
EXI/5T & DOES N EXI/ :5 X IS 2COM+1 "T
_C 2 DIVISI# 96"T-ATOMS4 ,= SUPPOSE T
;,D 0 2COM+ :ITE 9 ! "T ;,A & T AT ANO!R
"T ;,B1 A "T-ATOM 3SECUTIVE )! LA/ ATOM
( ;,A1 ;,D HAS ALR 2COME :ITE & S IS
:ITE AT T MO;T3 !N1 9ASM* Z 9 ! "T ,A X
0 2COM+ :ITE & S 0 N :ITE & AT ! MO;T
;,B X IS :ITE1 "! M/ H BE5 A 2COM+ 2T
;,A & ;,B & "!=E AL A "T 9 : ! 2COM+
TOOK PLACE4 ,ON ! O!R H&1 ^? :O D5Y
ATOMS ( "T 7Z WE D7 >E N A6ECT$ 0?
>GU;T3 AC 6!M ;,D HAS 2COME & S IS :ITE
AT ! LA/ PO9T (! ACTUAL "T 9 : X 0 2COM+
:ITE3 & ? PO9T HAS NO O!R PO9T 3SECUTIVE
) OR 9 SU3ES.N 6X1 ":AS "T-ATOMS >E 3CVD
Z SU3ESSIVE4 ,MOREOV] X IS CLE> T IF ;,D
0 2COM+ :ITE 9 ! :OLE "T ;,A1 ! "T
O3UPI$ 0X 9 HAV+ 2COME :ITE 9 A4I;N
6HAV+ BE5 9 PROCESS ( 2COM+ :ITE IS NO M
?AN ALL T X O3UPI$ 9 ! M]E PROCESS (
2COM+ :ITE4
  ,^! & S*-L1 !N1 >E ! >GU;TS = \R
3CLU.N T DERIVE COG5CY F ! FACT T !Y H A
SPECIAL BE>+ ON ! PO9T AT ISSUE4 ,IF WE
LOOK AT ! "Q F ! PO9T ( VIEW ( G5]AL
!ORY1 ! SAME RESULT WD AL APPE> 6BE
9DICAT$ 0! FOLL[+ >GU;TS4 ,"EY?+ ^: MO;N
IS 3T9U\S M/1 ON >RIV+ AT ANY PO9T 9 !
C\RSE ( XS LOCOMO;N1 H BE5 PREVI\SLY AL
9 PROCESS ( LOCOMO;N 6T PO9T1 IF X IS N
=C$ \ ( XS PA? 0ANY?+3 E4G4 ON >RIV+ AT
;,B A ?+ M/ AL H BE5 9 PROCESS (
LOCOMO;N TO ;,B1 & T N M]ELY :5 X 0 NE>
TO ;,B1 B F ! MO;T ( XS />T+ ON XS
C\RSE1 S9CE "! C BE1 NO R1SON = XS 2+ S
AT ANY "PICUL> /AGE R ?AN AT AN E>LI]
"O4 ,S1 TOO1 9 ! CASE (! O!R K9DS (
MO;N4 ,N[ WE >E 6SUPPOSE T A ?+ PROCE$S
9 LOCOMO;N F ,A TO ;,G & T AT ! MO;T (
XS >RIVAL AT ;,G ! 3T9U;Y ( XS MO;N IS
UNBROK5 & W REMA9 S UNTIL X HAS >RIV$
BACK AT ,A4 ,!N :5 X IS "UGO+ LOCOMO;N F
,A TO ;,G X IS AT ! SAME "T "UGO+ AL XS
LOCOMO;N TO ;,A F ;,G3 3SEQU5TLY X IS
SIMULTANE\SLY "UGO+ TWO 3TR>Y MO;NS1
S9CE ! TWO MO;NS T FOLL[ ! SAME /RAI<T
L9E >E 3TR>Y 6EA* O!R4 ,) ? 3SEQU;E "!
AL FOLL[S ANO!R3 WE H A ?+ T IS 9
PROCESS ( *ANGE F A POSI;N 9 : X HAS N
YET BE53 S1 9ASM* Z ? IS IMPOSSI#1 ! ?+
M/ -E 6A /& AT ,G4 ,"!=E ! MO;N IS N A
S+LE MO;N1 S9CE MO;N T IS 9T]RUPT$
0/,N>I;S IS N S+LE4
  ,FUR!R1 ! FOLL[+ >GU;T W S]VE BETT]
6MAKE ? PO9T CLE> UNIV]S,Y 9 RESPECT ( E
K9D ( MO;N4 ,IF ! MO;N "UG"O 0T : IS 9
MO;N IS ALW "O ( ^? ALR ENUM]AT$1 &!
/ATE ( RE/ T X "UGOES IS "O ( ^? T >E !
OPPOSITES (! MO;NS 7= WE F.D T "! CD 2
NO O!R 2SS ^!71 & MOREOV] T : IS "UGO+ B
DOES N ALW "UGO A "PICUL> MO;N 70? ,I
M1N "O (! V>I\S SPECIFIC,Y 4T9CT MO;NS1
N "S "PICUL> "P (! :OLE MO;N7 M/ H BE5
PREVI\SLY "UGO+ ! /ATE ( RE/ T IS !
OPPOSITE (! MO;N1 ! /ATE ( RE/ 2+ PRIV,N
( MO;N2 !N1 9ASM* Z ! TWO MO;NS T FOLL[
! SAME /RAI<T L9E >E 3TR>Y MO;NS1 & X IS
IMPOSSI# =A ?+ 6"UGO SIMULTANE\SLY TWO
3TR>Y MO;NS1 T : IS "UGO+ LOCOMO;N F ,A
TO ;,G _C AL SIMULTANE\SLY 2 "UGO+
LOCOMO;N F ;,G TO ;,A3 & S9CE ! LATT]
LOCOMO;N IS N SIMULTANE\S )! =M] B IS /
6BE "UG"O1 2F X IS "UG"O "! M/ O3UR A
/ATE ( RE/ AT ;,G3 = ?1 Z WE F.D1 IS !
/ATE ( RE/ T IS ! OPPOSITE (! MO;N F ,G4
,! =EGO+ >GU;T1 !N1 MAKES X PLA9 T !
MO;N 9 "Q IS N 3T9U\S4
  ,\R NEXT >GU;T HAS A M SPECIAL BE>+
?AN ! =EGO+ ON ! PO9T AT ISSUE4 ,WE W
SUPPOSE T "! HAS O3URR$ 9 "S?+
SIMULTANE\SLY A P]I%+ ( N-:ITE &A 2COM+
( :ITE4 ,!N IF ! ALT],N 6:ITE & F :ITE
IS A 3T9U\S PROCESS &! :ITE DOES N REMA9
ANY "T1 "! M/ H O3URR$ SIMULTANE\SLY A
P]I%+ ( N-:ITE1 A 2COM+ ( :ITE1 &A 2COM+
( N-:ITE3 =! "T (! ?REE W 2 ! SAME4
  ,AG1 F ! 3T9U;Y (! "T 9 : ! MO;N TAKES
PLACE WE _C 9F] 3T9U;Y 9 ! MO;N1 B ONLY
SU3ESSIVE;S3 9 FACT1 H[ CD 3TR>IES1 E4G4
:ITE;S & BLACK;S1 MEET 9 ! SAME EXTREME
PO9T8
  ,ON ! O!R H&1 9 MO;N ON A CIRCUL> L9E
WE % F9D S+LE;S & 3T9U;Y3 = "H WE >E MET
0NO IMPOSSI# 3SEQU;E3 T : IS 9 MO;N F ,A
W 9 VIRTUE (! SAME DIREC;N ( 5]GY 2
SIMULTANE\SLY 9 MO;N TO ;,A 7S9CE X IS 9
MO;N 6! PO9T AT : X W F9,Y >RIVE71 & YET
W N 2 "UGO+ TWO 3TR>Y OR OPPOSITE MO;NS3
=A MO;N 6A PO9T &A MO;N F T PO9T >E N
ALW 3TR>IES OR OPPOSITES3 !Y >E 3TR>IES
ONLY IF !Y >E ON ! SAME /RAI<T L9E 7= !N
!Y >E 3TR>Y 6"O ANO!R 9 RESPECT ( PLACE1
Z E4G4 ! TWO MO;NS AL;G ! DIAMET] (!
CIRCLE1 S9CE ! 5DS ( ? >E AT ! GRTE/
POSSI# 4T.E F "O ANO!R71 & !Y >E
OPPOSITES ONLY IF !Y >E AL;G ! SAME L9E4
,"!=E 9 ! CASE WE >E N[ 3SID]+ "! IS
NO?+ 6PREV5T ! MO;N 2+ 3T9U\S & FREE F
ALL 9T]MIS.N3 = ROTATORY MO;N IS MO;N (A
?+ F XS PLACE 6XS PLACE1 ":AS RECTIL9E>
MO;N IS MO;N F XS PLACE 6ANO!R PLACE4
  ,MOREOV] ! PROGRESS ( ROTATORY MO;N IS
N"E LOCALIZ$ )9 C]TA9 FIX$ LIMITS1 ":AS
T ( RECTIL9E> MO;N REP1T$LY IS S4 ,N[ A
MO;N T IS ALW %IFT+ XS GR.D F MO;T 6MO;T
C 2 3T9U\S3 B A MO;N T IS REP1T$LY
LOCALIZ$ )9 C]TA9 FIX$ LIMITS _C 2 S1
S9CE !N ! SAME ?+ WD H 6"UGO
SIMULTANE\SLY TWO OPPOSITE MO;NS4 ,S1
TOO1 "! _C 2 3T9U\S MO;N 9 A SEMICIRCLE
OR 9 ANY O!R >C (A CIRCLE1 S9CE "H AL !
SAME GR.D M/ 2 TRAV]S$ REP1T$LY & TWO
3TR>Y PROCESSES ( *ANGE M/ O3UR4 ,!
R1SON IS T 9 ^! MO;NS ! />T+-PO9T &!
T]M9,N D N CO9CIDE1 ":AS 9 MO;N OV] A
CIRCLE !Y D CO9CIDE1 & S ? IS ! ONLY
P]FECT MO;N4
  ,? DI6]5TI,N AL PROVIDES ANO!R M1NS (
%[+ T ! O!R K9DS ( MO;N _C 2 3T9U\S EI3
= 9 ALL ( !M WE F9D T "! IS ! SAME GR.D
6BE TRAV]S$ REP1T$LY2 ?US 9 ALT],N "! >E
! 9T]M$IATE /AGES (! PROCESS1 & 9
QUANTITATIVE *ANGE "! >E ! 9T]V5+
DEGREES ( MAGNITUDE3 & 9 2COM+ & P]I%+ !
SAME ?+ IS TRUE4 ,X MAKES NO DI6];E :E!R
WE TAKE ! 9T]M$IATE /AGES (! PROCESS 6BE
FEW OR _M1 OR :E!R WE ADD OR SUBTRACT
"O3 = 9 EI CASE WE F9D T "! IS / ! SAME
GR.D 6BE TRAV]S$ REP1T$LY4 ,MOREOV] X IS
PLA9 F :AT HAS BE5 SD T ^? PHYSICI/S :O
ASS]T T ALL S5SI# ?+S >E ALW 9 MO;N >E
WR;G3 = _! MO;N M/ 2 "O OR O!R (! MO;NS
J M5;N$3 9 FACT !Y MO/LY 3CV X Z ALT],N
7?+S >E ALW 9 FLUX & DECAY1 !Y SAY71 &
!Y G S F> Z 6SP1K EV5 ( 2COM+ & P]I%+ Z
A PROCESS ( ALT],N4 ,ON ! O!R H&1 \R
>GU;T HAS 5A#D U 6ASS]T ! FACT1 APPLY+
UNIV]S,Y 6ALL MO;NS1 T NO MO;N ADMITS (
3T9U;Y EXCEPT ROTATORY MO;N3 3SEQU5TLY
NEI ALT],N NOR 9CR1SE ADMITS ( 3T9U;Y4
,WE NE$ N[ SAY NO M 9 SUPPORT (! POSI;N
T "! IS NO PROCESS ( *ANGE T ADMITS (
9F9;Y OR 3T9U;Y EXCEPT ROTATORY
LOCOMO;N4
  #I
  ,X C N[ 2 %[N PLA9LY T ROT,N IS !
PRIM>Y LOCOMO;N4 ,E LOCOMO;N1 Z WE SD
2F1 IS EI ROTATORY OR RECTIL9E> OR A
-P.D (! TWO3 &! TWO =M] M/ 2 PRIOR 6!
LA/1 S9CE !Y >E ! ELE;TS ( : ! LATT]
3SI/S4 ,MOREOV] ROTATORY LOCOMO;N IS
PRIOR 6RECTIL9E> LOCOMO;N1 2C X IS M
SIMPLE & -PLETE1 : MAY 2 %[N Z FOLL[S4
,! /RAI<T L9E TRAV]S$ 9 RECTIL9E> MO;N
_C 2 9F9ITE3 = "! IS NO S* ?+ Z AN
9F9ITE /RAI<T L9E2 & EV5 IF "! W]E1 X WD
N 2 TRAV]S$ 0ANY?+ 9 MO;N3 =! IMPOSSI#
DOES N HAPP5 & X IS IMPOSSI# 6TRAV]SE AN
9F9ITE 4T.E4 ,ON ! O!R H& RECTIL9E> MO;N
ON A F9ITE /RAI<T L9E IS IF X TURNS BACK
A -POSITE MO;N1 9 FACT TWO MO;NS1 :ILE
IF X DOES N TURN BACK X IS 9COMPLETE &
P]I%A#3 & 9 ! ORD] ( NATURE1 ( DEF9I;N1
&( "T ALIKE ! -PLETE IS PRIOR 6!
9COMPLETE &! IMP]I%A# 6! P]I%A#4 ,AG1 A
MO;N T ADMITS ( 2+ ET]NAL IS PRIOR 6"O T
DOES N4 ,N[ ROTATORY MO;N C 2 ET]NAL3 B
NO O!R MO;N1 :E!R LOCOMO;N OR MO;N ( ANY
O!R K9D1 C 2 S1 S9CE 9 ALL ( !M RE/ M/
O3UR &)! O3URR;E ( RE/ ! MO;N HAS P]I%$4
,MOREOV] ! RESULT AT : WE H >RIV$1 T
ROTATORY MO;N IS S+LE & 3T9U\S1 &
RECTIL9E> MO;N IS N1 IS A R1SONA# "O4 ,9
RECTIL9E> MO;N WE H A DEF9ITE />T+-PO9T1
F9I%+-PO9T1 MI4LE-PO9T1 : ALL H _! PLACE
9 X 9 S* A WAY T "! IS A PO9T F : T : IS
9 MO;N C 2 SD 6/>T &A PO9T AT : X C 2 SD
6F9I% XS C\RSE 7= :5 ANY?+ IS AT !
LIMITS ( XS C\RSE1 :E!R AT ! />T+-PO9T
OR AT ! F9I%+-PO9T1 X M/ 2 9 A /ATE (
RE/74 ,ON ! O!R H& 9 CIRCUL> MO;N "! >E
NO S* DEF9ITE PO9TS3 = :Y %D ANY "O PO9T
ON ! L9E 2 A LIMIT R ?AN ANY O!R8 ,ANY
"O PO9T Z M* Z ANY O!R IS ALIKE />T+-
PO9T1 MI4LE-PO9T1 & F9I%+-PO9T1 S T WE C
SAY ( C]TA9 ?+S BO? T !Y >E ALW & T !Y
N"E >E AT A />T+-PO9T & AT A F9I%+-PO9T
7S T A REVOLV+ SPH]E1 :ILE X IS 9 MO;N1
IS AL 9 A S5SE AT RE/1 = X 3T9UES 6O3UPY
! SAME PLACE74 ,! R1SON ( ? IS T 9 ?
CASE ALL ^! "*I/ICS 2L;G 6! C5TRE3 T IS
6SAY1 ! C5TRE IS ALIKE />T+-PO9T1 MI4LE-
PO9T1 & F9I%+-PO9T (! SPACE TRAV]S$2
3SEQU5TLY S9CE ? PO9T IS N A PO9T ON !
CIRCUL> L9E1 "! IS NO PO9T AT : T : IS 9
PROCESS ( LOCOMO;N C 2 9 A /ATE ( RE/ Z
HAV+ TRAV]S$ XS C\RSE1 2C 9 XS LOCOMO;N
X IS PROCE$+ ALW AB A C5TRAL PO9T & N
6AN EXTREME PO9T3 "!=E X REMA9S /1 &!
:OLE IS 9 A S5SE ALW AT RE/ Z WELL Z
3T9U\SLY 9 MO;N4 ,\R NEXT PO9T GIVES A
3V]TI# RESULT3 ON ! "O H&1 2C ROT,N IS !
M1SURE ( MO;NS X M/ 2 ! PRIM>Y MO;N 7=
ALL ?+S >E M1SUR$ 0:AT IS PRIM>Y73 ON !
O!R H&1 2C ROT,N IS ! PRIM>Y MO;N X IS !
M1SURE ( ALL O!R MO;NS4 ,AG1 ROTATORY
MO;N IS AL ! ONLY MO;N T ADMITS ( 2+
REGUL>4 ,9 RECTIL9E> LOCOMO;N ! MO;N (
?+S 9 L1V+ ! />T+-PO9T IS N UNI=M ) _!
MO;N 9 APPROA*+ ! F9I%+-PO9T1 S9CE !
VELOC;Y (A ?+ ALW 9CR1SES PROPOR;NATELY
Z X REMOVES XF F>!R F XS POSI;N ( RE/3
ON ! O!R H& ROTATORY MO;N IS ! ONLY MO;N
^: C\RSE IS NATUR,Y S* T X HAS NO />T+-
PO9T OR F9I%+-PO9T 9 XF B IS DET]M9$ F
ELSE":4
  ,Z 6LOCOMO;N 2+ ! PRIM>Y MO;N1 ? IS A
TRU? T IS ATTE/$ 0ALL :O H "E MADE M5;N
( MO;N 9 _! !ORIES3 !Y ALL ASSIGN _! F/
PR9CIPLES ( MO;N 6?+S T IM"P MO;N ( ?
K9D4 ,?US ,8SEP>,N0' & ,8-B9,N0' >E
MO;NS 9 RESPECT ( PLACE1 &! MO;N IM"P$
BY ,8,LOVE0' & ,8,/RIFE0' TAKES ^! =MS1
! LATT] ,8SEP>AT+0' &! =M] ,8-B9+0'4
,ANAXAGORAS1 TOO1 SAYS T ,8,M9D0'1 8 F/
MOV5T1 ,8SEP>ATES0'4 ,SIMIL>LY ^? :O
ASS]T NO CAUSE ( ? K9D B SAY T ,8VOID0'
A3.TS = MO;N-!Y AL HOLD T ! MO;N (
NATURAL SUB/.E IS MO;N 9 RESPECT (
PLACE3 = _! MO;N T IS A3.T$ = BY
,8VOID0' IS LOCOMO;N1 & XS SPH]E ( OP],N
MAY 2 SD 6BE PLACE4 ,MOREOV] !Y >E (
OP9ION T ! PRIM>Y SUB/.ES >E N SUBJECT
6ANY (! O!R MO;NS1 ?\< ! ?+S T >E -P.DS
( ^! SUB/.ES >E S SUBJECT3 ! PROCESSES (
9CR1SE & DECR1SE & ALT],N1 !Y SAY1 >E
E6ECTS (! ,8-B9,N0' & ,8SEP>,N0' (
ATOMS4 ,X IS ! SAME1 TOO1 ) ^? :O MAKE \
T ! 2COM+ OR P]I%+ (A ?+ IS A3.T$ = BY
,8D5S;Y0' OR ,8R>;Y0'3 = X IS BY
,8-B9,N0' & ,8SEP>,N0' T ! PLACE ( ^!
?+S 9 _! SY/EMS IS DET]M9$4 ,MOREOV] 6^!
WE MAY ADD ^? :O MAKE ,S\L ! CAUSE (
MO;N3 = !Y SAY T ?+S T "UGO MO;N H Z _!
F/ PR9CIPLE ,8T : MOVES XF0'3 & :5
ANIMALS & ALL LIV+ ?+S MOVE !MVS1 ! MO;N
IS MO;N 9 RESPECT ( PLACE4 ,F9,Y X IS
6BE NOT$ T WE SAY T A ?+ ,8IS 9 MO;N0' 9
! /RICT S5SE (! T]M ONLY :5 XS MO;N IS
MO;N 9 RESPECT ( PLACE3 IF A ?+ IS 9
PROCESS ( 9CR1SE OR DECR1SE OR IS "UGO+
"S ALT],N :ILE REMA9+ AT RE/ 9 ! SAME
PLACE1 WE SAY T X IS 9 MO;N 9 "S "PICUL>
RESPECT3 WE D N SAY T X ,8IS 9 MO;N0'
)\T QUALIFIC,N4
  ,\R PRES5T POSI;N1 !N1 IS ?3 ,WE H
>GU$ T "! ALW 0 MO;N & ALW W 2 MO;N "?\T
ALL "T1 & WE H EXPLA9$ :AT IS ! F/
PR9CIPLE ( ? ET]NAL MO;N3 WE H EXPLA9$
FUR!R : IS ! PRIM>Y MO;N & : IS ! ONLY
MO;N T C 2 ET]NAL3 & WE H PRON\NC$ ! F/
MOV5T 6BE UNMOV$4
  #AJ
  ,WE H N[ 6ASS]T T ! F/ MOV5T M/ 2 )\T
"PS & )\T MAGNITUDE1 2G9N+ )! E/ABLI%;T
(! PREMISSES ON : ? 3CLU.N DEP5DS4
  ,"O ( ^! PREMISSES IS T NO?+ F9ITE C
CAUSE MO;N DUR+ AN 9F9ITE "T4 ,WE H ?REE
?+S1 ! MOV5T1 ! MOV$1 & ?IRDLY T 9 : !
MO;N TAKES PLACE1 "NLY ! "T3 & ^! >E EI
ALL 9F9ITE OR ALL F9ITE OR "PLY-T IS
6SAY TWO ( !M OR "O ( !M-F9ITE & "PLY
9F9ITE4 ,LET ,A 2 ! MOVE;T1 ;,B ! MOV$1
& ;,G ! 9F9ITE "T4 ,N[ LET U SUPPOSE T
;,D MOVES ;,E1 A "P ( ,B4 ,!N ! "T
O3UPI$ 0? MO;N _C 2 EQUAL TO ;,G3 =!
GRT] ! AM.T MOV$1 ! L;G] ! "T O3UPI$4 ,X
FOLL[S T ! "T ;,Z IS N 9F9ITE4 ,N[ WE
SEE T 03T9U+ 6ADD TO ;,D1 ,I % USE UP
;,A & 03T9U+ 6ADD TO ;,E1 ,I % USE UP
;,B3 B ,I % N USE UP ! "T 03T9U,Y
SUBTRACT+ A CORRESPOND+ AM.T F X1 2C X
IS 9F9ITE4 ,3SEQU5TLY ! DUR,N (! "P (
;,G : IS O3UPI$ 0ALL ,A 9 MOV+ ! :OLE (
;,B1 W 2 F9ITE4 ,"!=E A F9ITE ?+ _C IM"P
6ANY?+ AN 9F9ITE MO;N4 ,X IS CLE>1 !N1 T
X IS IMPOSSI# =! F9ITE 6CAUSE MO;N DUR+
AN 9F9ITE "T4
  ,X HAS N[ 6BE %[N T 9 NO CASE IS X
POSSI# = AN 9F9ITE =CE 6RESIDE 9 A F9ITE
MAGNITUDE4 ,? C 2 %[N Z FOLL[S3 WE TAKE
X = GRANT$ T ! GRT] =CE IS ALW T : 9
LESS "T ?AN ANO!R DOES AN EQUAL AM.T (
"W :5 5GAG$ 9 ANY ACTIV;Y-IN H1T+1 =
EXAMPLE1 OR SWEET5+ OR ?R[+2 9 FACT1 9
CAUS+ ANY K9D ( MO;N4 ,!N T ON : ! =CES
ACT M/ 2 A6ECT$ 6"S EXT5T 0\R SUPPOS$
F9ITE MAGNITUDE POSSESS+ AN 9F9ITE =CE Z
WELL Z 0ANY?+ ELSE1 9 FACT 6A GRT] EXT5T
?AN 0ANY?+ ELSE1 S9CE ! 9F9ITE =CE IS
GRT] ?AN ANY O!R4 ,B !N "! _C 2 ANY "T 9
: XS AC;N CD TAKE PLACE4 ,SUPPOSE T ,A
IS ! "T O3UPI$ 0! 9F9ITE P[] 9 ! P]=M.E
( AN ACT ( H1T+ OR PU%+1 & T ;,,AB IS !
"T O3UPI$ 0A F9ITE P[] 9 ! P]=M.E (!
SAME ACT3 !N 0A4+ 6! LATT] ANO!R F9ITE
P[] & 3T9U,Y 9CR1S+ ! MAGNITUDE (! P[] S
A4$ ,I % AT "S "T OR O!R R1* A PO9T AT :
! F9ITE P[] HAS -PLET$ ! MOTIVE ACT 9 !
"T ,A3 = 03T9UAL A4I;N 6A F9ITE
MAGNITUDE ,I M/ >RIVE AT A MAGNITUDE T
EXCE$S ANY ASSIGN$ LIMIT1 & 9 ! SAME WAY
03T9UAL SUBTRAC;N ,I M/ >RIVE AT "O T
FALLS %ORT ( ANY ASSIGN$ LIMIT4 ,S WE
GET ! RESULT T ! F9ITE =CE W O3UPY !
SAME AM.T ( "T 9 P]=M+ ! MOTIVE ACT Z !
9F9ITE =CE4 ,B ? IS IMPOSSI#4 ,"!=E NO?+
F9ITE C POSSESS AN 9F9ITE =CE4 ,S X IS
AL IMPOSSI# =A F9ITE =CE 6RESIDE 9 AN
9F9ITE MAGNITUDE4 ,X IS TRUE T A GRT]
=CE C RESIDE 9 A LESS] MAGNITUDE3 B !
SUP]IOR;Y ( ANY S* GRT] =CE C 2 / GRT]
IF ! MAGNITUDE 9 : X RESIDES IS GRT]4
,N[ LET ;,,AB 2 AN 9F9ITE MAGNITUDE4 ,!N
,,BG POSSESSES A C]TA9 =CE T O3UPIES A
C]TA9 "T1 LET U SAY ! "T ;,Z 9 MOV+ ,D4
,N[ IF ,I TAKE A MAGNITUDE TWICE Z GRT
AT ,,BG1 ! "T O3UPI$ 0? MAGNITUDE 9 MOV+
;,D W 2 HALF ( ,,EZ 7ASSUM+ ? 6BE !
PROPOR;N73 S WE MAY CALL ? "T ,,ZH4 ,T
2+ S1 03T9U,Y TAK+ A GRT] MAGNITUDE 9 ?
WAY ,I % N"E >RIVE AT ! FULL ;,,AB1 ":AS
,I % ALW 2 GETT+ A LESS] FRAC;N (! "T
GIV54 ,"!=E ! =CE M/ 2 9F9ITE1 S9CE X
EXCE$S ANY F9ITE =CE4 ,MOREOV] ! "T
O3UPI$ 0! AC;N ( ANY F9ITE =CE M/ AL 2
F9ITE3 = IF A GIV5 =CE MOVES "S?+ 9 A
C]TA9 "T1 A GRT] =CE W D S 9 A LESS] "T1
B / A DEF9ITE "T1 9 9V]SE PROPOR;N4 ,B A
=CE M/ ALW 2 9F9ITE-J Z A NUMB] OR A
MAGNITUDE IS-IF X EXCE$S ALL DEF9ITE
LIMITS4 ,? PO9T MAY AL 2 PROV$ 9 ANO!R
WAY-BY TAK+ A F9ITE MAGNITUDE 9 : "!
RESIDES A =CE ! SAME 9 K9D Z T : RESIDES
9 ! 9F9ITE MAGNITUDE1 S T ? =CE W 2 A
M1SURE (! F9ITE =CE RESID+ 9 ! 9F9ITE
MAGNITUDE4
  ,X IS PLA91 !N1 F ! =EGO+ >GU;TS T X
IS IMPOSSI# = AN 9F9ITE =CE 6RESIDE 9 A
F9ITE MAGNITUDE OR =A F9ITE =CE 6RESIDE
9 AN 9F9ITE MAGNITUDE4 ,B 2F PROCE$+ 6\R
3CLU.N X W 2 WELL 64CUSS A DI6ICULTY T
>ISES 9 3NEXION ) LOCOMO;N4 ,IF "EY?+ T
IS 9 MO;N )! EXCEP;N ( ?+S T MOVE !MVS
IS MOV$ 0"S?+ ELSE1 H[ IS X T "S ?+S1
E4G4 ?+S ?R[N1 3T9UE 6BE 9 MO;N :5 _!
MOV5T IS NO L;G] 9 3TACT ) !M8 ,IF WE
SAY T ! MOV5T 9 S* CASES MOVES "S?+ ELSE
AT ! SAME "T1 T ! ?R[] E4G4 AL MOVES !
AIR1 & T ? 9 2+ MOV$ IS AL A MOV5T1 !N X
WD 2 NO M POSSI# = ? SECOND ?+ ?AN =!
ORIG9AL ?+ 6BE 9 MO;N :5 ! ORIG9AL MOV5T
IS N 9 3TACT ) X OR MOV+ X3 ALL ! ?+S
MOV$ WD H 6BE 9 MO;N SIMULTANE\SLY & AL
6H C1S$ SIMULTANE\SLY 6BE 9 MO;N :5 !
ORIG9AL MOV5T C1SES 6MOVE !M1 EV5 IF1 L
! MAGNET1 X MAKES T : X HAS MOV$ CAPA# (
2+ A MOV5T4 ,"!=E1 :ILE WE M/ A3EPT ?
EXPLAN,N 6! EXT5T ( SAY+ T ! ORIG9AL
MOV5T GIVES ! P[] ( 2+ A MOV5T EI 6AIR
OR 6WAT] OR 6"S?+ ELSE (! K9D1 NATUR,Y
ADAPT$ = IM"P+ & "UGO+ MO;N1 WE M/ SAY
FUR!R T ? ?+ DOES N C1SE SIMULTANE\SLY
6IM"P MO;N & 6"UGO MO;N3 X C1SES 6BE 9
MO;N AT ! MO;T :5 XS MOV5T C1SES 6MOVE
X1 B X / REMA9S A MOV5T1 & S X CAUSES
"S?+ ELSE 3SECUTIVE ) X 6BE 9 MO;N1 &( ?
AG ! SAME MAY 2 SD4 ,! MO;N 2G9S 6C1SE
:5 ! MOTIVE =CE PRODUC$ 9 "O MEMB] (!
3SECUTIVE S]IES IS AT EA* /AGE LESS ?AN
T POSSESS$ 0! PREC$+ MEMB]1 & X F9,Y
C1SES :5 "O MEMB] NO L;G] CAUSES ! NEXT
MEMB] 6BE A MOV5T B ONLY CAUSES X 6BE 9
MO;N4 ,! MO;N ( ^! LA/ TWO-(! "O Z MOV5T
&(! O!R Z MOV$-M/ C1SE SIMULTANE\SLY1 &)
? ! :OLE MO;N C1SES4 ,N[ ! ?+S 9 : ?
MO;N IS PRODUC$ >E ?+S T ADMIT ( 2+
"S"TS 9 MO;N & "S"TS AT RE/1 &! MO;N IS
N 3T9U\S B ONLY APPE>S S3 = X IS MO;N (
?+S T >E EI SU3ESSIVE OR 9 3TACT1 "! 2+
N "O MOV5T B A NUMB] ( MOV5TS 3SECUTIVE
) "O ANO!R3 & S MO;N ( ? K9D TAKES PLACE
9 AIR & WAT]4 ,"S SAY T X IS ,8MUTUAL
REPLACE;T0'3 B WE M/ RECOGNIZE T !
DI6ICULTY RAIS$ _C 2 SOLV$ O!RWISE ?AN 9
! WAY WE H DESCRIB$4 ,S F> Z !Y >E
A6ECT$ BY ,8MUTUAL REPLACE;T0'1 ALL !
MEMB]S (! S]IES >E MOV$ & IM"P MO;N
SIMULTANE\SLY1 S T _! MO;NS AL C1SE
SIMULTANE\SLY3 B \R PRES5T PRO#M 3C]NS !
APPE>.E ( 3T9U\S MO;N 9 A S+LE ?+1 &
"!=E1 S9CE X _C 2 MOV$ "?\T XS MO;N 0!
SAME MOV5T1 ! "Q IS1 :AT MOVES X8
  ,RESUM+ \R MA9 >GU;T1 WE PROCE$ F !
POSI;NS T "! M/ 2 3T9U\S MO;N 9 ! _W (
?+S1 T ? IS A S+LE MO;N1 T A S+LE MO;N
M/ 2 A MO;N (A MAGNITUDE 7= T : IS )\T
MAGNITUDE _C 2 9 MO;N71 & T ! MAGNITUDE
M/ 2 A S+LE MAGNITUDE MOV$ 0A S+LE MOV5T
7= O!RWISE "! W N 2 3T9U\S MO;N B A
3SECUTIVE S]IES ( SEP>ATE MO;NS71 & T IF
! MOVE;T IS A S+LE ?+1 X IS EI XF 9 MO;N
OR XF UNMOV$3 IF1 !N1 X IS 9 MO;N1 X W H
6BE SUBJECT 6! SAME 3DI;NS Z T : X
MOVES1 T IS 6SAY X W XF 2 9 PROCESS (
*ANGE & 9 2+ S W AL H 6BE MOV$ 0"S?+3 S
WE H A S]IES T M/ -E 6AN 5D1 &A PO9T W 2
R1*$ AT : MO;N IS IM"P$ 0"S?+ T IS
UNMOV$4 ,?US WE H A MOV5T T HAS NO NE$
6*ANGE AL;G ) T : X MOVES B W 2 A#
6CAUSE MO;N ALW 7=! CAUS+ ( MO;N "U ^!
3DI;NS 9VOLVES NO EF=T73 & ? MO;N AL"O
IS REGUL>1 OR AT L1/ X IS S 9 A HI<]
DEGREE ?AN ANY O!R1 S9CE ! MOV5T IS N"E
SUBJECT 6ANY *ANGE4 ,S1 TOO1 9 ORD] T !
MO;N MAY 3T9UE 6BE (! SAME "*1 ! MOV$ M/
N 2 SUBJECT 6*ANGE 9 RESPECT ( XS REL,N
6! MOV5T4 ,MOREOV] ! MOV5T M/ O3UPY EI !
C5TRE OR ! CIRCUMF];E1 S9CE ^! >E ! F/
PR9CIPLES F : A SPH]E IS DERIV$4 ,B !
?+S NE>E/ ! MOV5T >E ^? ^: MO;N IS QKE/1
& 9 ? CASE X IS ! MO;N (! CIRCUMF];E T
IS ! QKE/3 "!=E ! MOV5T O3UPIES !
CIRCUMF];E4
  ,"! IS A FUR!R DI6ICULTY 9 SUPPOS+ X
6BE POSSI# = ANY?+ T IS 9 MO;N 6CAUSE
MO;N 3T9U\SLY & N M]ELY 9 ! WAY 9 : X IS
CAUS$ 0"S?+ REP1T$LY PU%+ 7IN : CASE !
3T9U;Y AM.TS 6NO M ?AN SU3ESSIVE;S74 ,S*
A MOV5T M/ EI XF 3T9UE 6PU% OR PULL OR
P]=M BO? ^! AC;NS1 OR ELSE ! AC;N M/ 2
TAK5 UP 0"S?+ ELSE & 2 PASS$ ON F "O
MOV5T 6ANO!R 7! PROCESS T WE DESCRIB$ 2F
Z O3URR+ 9 ! CASE ( ?+S ?R[N1 S9CE ! AIR
OR ! WAT]1 2+ DIVISI#1 IS A MOV5T ONLY 9
VIRTUE (! FACT T DI6]5T "PS (! AIR >E
MOV$ "O AF ANO!R73 & 9 EI CASE ! MO;N _C
2 A S+LE MO;N1 B ONLY A 3SECUTIVE S]IES
( MO;NS4 ,! ONLY 3T9U\S MO;N1 !N1 IS T :
IS CAUS$ 0! UNMOV$ MOV5T3 & ? MO;N IS
3T9U\S 2C ! MOV5T REMA9S ALW 9V>IA#1 S T
XS REL,N 6T : X MOVES REMA9S AL 9V>IA# &
3T9U\S4
  ,N[ T ^! PO9TS >E SETTL$1 X IS CLE> T
! F/ UNMOV$ MOV5T _C H ANY MAGNITUDE4 ,=
IF X HAS MAGNITUDE1 ? M/ 2 EI A F9ITE OR
AN 9F9ITE MAGNITUDE4 ,N[ WE H ALR'PROV$
9 \R C\RSE ON ,PHYSICS T "! _C 2 AN
9F9ITE MAGNITUDE3 & WE H N[ PROV$ T X IS
IMPOSSI# =A F9ITE MAGNITUDE 6H AN 9F9ITE
=CE1 & AL T X IS IMPOSSI# =A ?+ 6BE MOV$
0A F9ITE MAGNITUDE DUR+ AN 9F9ITE "T4 ,B
! F/ MOV5T CAUSES A MO;N T IS ET]NAL &
DOES CAUSE X DUR+ AN 9F9ITE "T4 ,X IS
CLE>1 "!=E1 T ! F/ MOV5T IS 9DIVISI# &
IS )\T "PS & )\T MAGNITUDE4

