               #CEJ ,,BC
      ,,ON ,,G5],N ,,& ,,CORRUP;N
               0,>I/OTLE
     TRANSLAT$ BY ;,H4 ,H4 ,JOA*IM
    ,TRANSLAT$ 6,GRADE ,,II ,BRAILL
    0,MIKE ,KEI?LEY
                ,BOOK ,I
                   #A
  ,\R NEXT TASK IS 6/UDY -+-TO-BE &
PASS+-AWAY4 ,WE >E 64T+UI% ! CAUSES1 &
6/ATE ! DEF9I;NS1 ( ^! PROCESSES 3SID]$
9 G5]AL-Z *ANGES PR$ICA# UNI=MLY ( ALL !
?+S T -E-TO-BE & PASS-AWAY 0NATURE4
,FUR!R1 WE >E 6/UDY GR[? & ,8ALT],N0'4
,WE M/ 9QUIRE :AT EA* ( !M IS2 & :E!R
,8ALT],N0' IS 6BE ID5TIFI$ ) -+-TO-BE1
OR :E!R 6^! DI6]5T "NS "! CORRESPOND TWO
SEP>ATE PROCESSES ) 4T9CT NATURES4
  ,ON ? "Q1 9DE$1 ! E>LY PHILOSOPH]S >E
DIVID$4 ,"S ( !M ASS]T T ! S-CALL$
,8UNQUALIFI$ -+-TO-BE0' IS ,8ALT],N0'1
:ILE O!RS MA9TA9 T ,8ALT],N0' & -+-TO-BE
>E 4T9CT4 ,= ^? :O SAY T ! UNIV]SE IS "O
"S?+ 7I4E4 ^? :O G5]ATE ALL ?+S \ ( "O
?+7 >E B.D 6ASS]T T -+-TO-BE IS
,8ALT],N0'1 & T :AT"E ,8-ES-TO-BE0' 9 !
PROP] S5SE (! T]M IS ,82+ ALT]$0'3 B ^?
:O MAKE ! MATT] ( ?+S M ?AN "O M/ 4T+UI%
-+-TO-BE F ,8ALT],N0'4 ,6? LATT] CLASS
2L;G ,EMP$OCLES1 ,ANAXAGORAS1 &
,LEUCIPPUS4 ,& YET ,ANAXAGORAS HMF FAIL$
6"U/& 8 [N UTT].E4 ,HE SAYS1 AT ALL
EV5TS1 T -+-TO-BE & PASS+-AWAY >E ! SAME
Z ,82+ ALT]$0'30' YET1 9 -MON ) O!R
?9K]S1 HE A6IRMS T ! ELE;TS >E _M4 ,?US
,EMP$OCLES HOLDS T ! CORPOR1L ELE;TS >E
F\R1 :ILE ALL ! ELE;TS-9CLUD+ ^? :
9ITIATE MOVE;T->E SIX 9 NUMB]2 ":AS
,ANAXAGORAS AGREES ) ,LEUCIPPUS &
,DEMOCRITUS T ! ELE;TS >E 9F9ITE4
  7,ANAXAGORAS POSITS Z ELE;TS !
,8HOMOEOM]IES0'1 VIZ4 B"O1 FLE%1 M>R[1 &
"EY?+ ELSE : IS S* T "P & :OLE >E ! SAME
9 "N & NATURE2 :ILE ,DEMOCRITUS &
,LEUCIPPUS SAY T "! >E 9DIVISI# BODIES1
9F9ITE BO? 9 NUMB] & 9 ! V>IETIES ( _!
%APES1 ( : "EY?+ ELSE IS -POS$-! -P.DS
DI6]+ "O F ANO!R AC 6! %APES1
,8POSI;NS0'1 & ,8GR\P+S0' ( _!
3/ITU5TS47
  ,=! VIEWS (! S*OOL ( ,ANAXAGORAS SEEM
DIAMETRIC,Y OPPOS$ 6^? (! FOLL[]S (
,EMP$OCLES4 ,EMP$OCLES SAYS T ,FIRE1
,WAT]1 ,AIR1 & ,E>? >E F\R ELE;TS1 & >E
?US ,8SIMPLE0' R ?AN FLE%1 B"O1 & BODIES
:1 L ^!1 >E ,8HOMOEOM]IES0'4 ,B !
FOLL[]S ( ,ANAXAGORAS REG>D !
,8HOMOEOM]IES0' Z ,8SIMPLE0' & ELE;TS1
:IL/ !Y A6IRM T ,E>?1 ,FIRE1 ,WAT]1 &
,AIR >E -POSITE2 = EA* ( ^! IS 7AC 6!M7
A ,8-MON SEM9>Y0' ( ALL !
,8HOMOEOM]IES0'4
  ,^?1 !N1 :O 3/RUCT ALL ?+S \ (A S+LE
ELE;T1 M/ MA9TA9 T -+-TOBE & PASS+-AWAY
>E ,8ALT],N0'4 ,= !Y M/ A6IRM T ! "ULY+
"S?+ ALW REMA9S ID5TICAL & "O2 & *ANGE (
S* A SUB/RATUM IS :AT WE CALL ,8ALT]+0'
,^?1 ON ! O!R H&1 :O MAKE ! ULTIMATE
K9DS ( ?+S M ?AN "O1 M/ MA9TA9 T
,8ALT],N0' IS 4T9CT F -+-TO-BE3 = -+-TO-
BE & PASS+AWAY RESULT F ! 3SILI;E &!
4SOLU;N (! _M K9DS4 ,T IS :Y ,EMP$OCLES
TOO USES LANGUAGE 6? E6ECT1 :5 HE SAYS
,8,"! IS NO -+-TO-BE ( ANY?+1 B ONLY A
M+L+ &A DIVORCE ( :AT HAS BE5 M+L$0'4
,?US X IS CLE> 7I7 T 6DESCRIBE -+-TO-BE
& PASS+-AWAY 9 ^! T]MS IS 9 A3ORD.E ) _!
FUNDA;TAL ASSUMP;N1 & 7;II7 T !Y D 9
FACT S DESCRIBE !M3 N"E!.S1 !Y TOO M/
RECOGNIZE ,8ALT],N0' Z A FACT 4T9CT F -+
TO-BE1 ?\< X IS IMPOSSI# = !M 6D S
3SI/5TLY ) :AT !Y SAY4
  ,T WE >E "R 9 ? CRITICISM IS EASY
6P]CV4 ,= ,8ALT],N0' IS A FACT (
OBS]V,N4 ,:ILE ! SUB/.E (! ?+ REMA9S
UN*ANG$1 WE SEE X ,8ALT]+0' J Z WE SEE 9
X ! *ANGES ( MAGNITUDE CALL$ ,8GR[?0' &
,8DIM9U;N0'4 ,N"E!.S1 ! /ATE;TS ( ^? :O
POSIT M ,8ORIG9AL R1LS0' ?AN "O MAKE
,8ALT],N0' IMPOSSI#4 ,= ,8ALT],N1 Z WE
ASS]T1 TAKES PLACE 9 RESPECT 6C]TA9
QUALITIES3 & ^! QUALITIES 7,I M1N1 E4G4
HOT-COLD1 :ITE-BLACK1 DRY-MOI/1 S(T-H>D1
& S =?7 >E1 ALL ( !M1 DI6];ES "*IZ+ !
,8ELE;TS0'4 ,! ACTUAL ^WS ( ,EMP$OCLES
MAY 2 QUOT$ 9 ILLU/R,N-
  ,! SUN "EY": B"R 6SEE1 & HOT1
  ,! RA9 "EY": D>K & COLD2
  & HE 4T9CTIVELY "*IZES 8 REMA9+ ELE;TS
9 A SIMIL> MANN]4 ,S9CE1 "!=E1 X IS N
POSSI# = ,FIRE 62COME ,WAT]1 OR ,WAT]
62COME ,E>?1 NEI W X 2 POSSI# = ANY?+
:ITE 62COME BLACK1 OR ANY?+ S(T 62COME
H>D2 &! SAME >GU;T APPLIES 6ALL ! O!R
QUALITIES4 ,YET ? IS :AT ,8ALT],N0'
ESS5TI,Y IS4
  ,X FOLL[S1 Z AN OBVI\S COROLL>Y1 T A
S+LE MATT] M/ ALW 2 ASSUM$ Z "ULY+ !
3TR>Y ,8POLES0' ( ANY *ANGE :E!R *ANGE (
PLACE1 OR GR[? & DIM9U;N1 OR ,8ALT],N0'2
FUR!R1 T ! 2+ ( ? MATT] &! 2+ (
,8ALT],N0' /& & FALL TGR4 ,= IF ! *ANGE
IS ,8ALT],N0'1 !N ! SUB/RATUM IS A S+LE
ELE;T2 I4E4 ALL ?+S : ADMIT ( *ANGE 96"O
ANO!R H A S+LE MATT]4 ,&1 3V]SELY1 IF !
SUB/RATUM (! *ANG+ ?+S IS "O1 "! IS
,8ALT],N0'4
  ,EMP$OCLES1 9DE$1 SEEMS 63TRADICT 8 [N
/ATE;TS Z WELL Z ! OBS]V$ FACTS4 ,= HE
D5IES T ANY "O ( 8 ELE;TS -ES-TO-BE \ (
ANY O!R1 9SI/+ ON ! 3TR>Y T !Y >E ! ?+S
\ ( : "EY?+ ELSE -ES-TO-BE2 & YET 7HAV+
BR"\ ! 5TIRETY ( EXI/+ ?+S1 EXCEPT
,/RIFE1 TGR 96"O7 HE MA9TA9S1
SIMULTANE\SLY ) ? D5IAL1 T EA* ?+ ONCE M
-ES-TO-BE \ (! ,"O4 ,H;E X 0 CLE>LY \ (A
,"O T ? CAME-TO-BE ,WAT]1 & T ,FIRE1
V>I\S POR;NS ( X 2+ SEP>AT$ (F 0C]TA9
"*I/IC DI6];ES OR QUALITIES-Z 9DE$ HE
CALLS ! SUN ,8:ITE & HOT0'1 &! E>?
,8H1VY & H>D0'4 ,IF1 "!=E1 ^! "*I/IC
DI6];ES 2 TAK5 AWAY 7= !Y C 2 TAK5 AWAY1
S9CE !Y CAME-TO-BE71 X W CLE>LY 2
9EVITA# = ,E>? 6-E TO-BE \ ( ,WAT] &
,WAT] \ ( ,E>?1 &= EA* (! O!R ELE;TS
6"UGO A SIMIL> TRANS=M,N-N ONLY !N1 B AL
N[-IF1 & 2C1 !Y *ANGE _! QUALITIES4 ,&1
6JUDGE 0:AT HE SAYS1 ! QUALITIES >E S* T
!Y C 2 ,8ATTA*$0' 6?+S & C AG 2
,8SEP>AT$0' F !M1 ESPECI,Y S9CE ,/RIFE &
,LOVE >E / FI<T+ ) "O ANO!R =! MA/]Y4 ,X
0 [+ 6? SAME 3FLICT T ! ELE;TS 7 G5]AT$
F A ,"O AT ! =M] P]IOD4 ,I SAY
,8G5]AT$0'1 = PRESUMABLY ,FIRE1 ,E>?1 &
,WAT] _H NO 4T9CTIVE EXI/;E AT ALL :ILE
M]G$ 9 "O4
  ,"! IS ANO!R OBSCUR;Y 9 ! !ORY
,EMP$OCLES4 ,>E WE 6REG>D ! ,"O Z 8
,8ORIG9AL R1L0'8 ,OR IS X ! ,_M-I4E4
,FIRE & ,E>?1 &! BODIES CO-ORD9ATE ) ^!8
,=! ,"O IS AN ,8ELE;T0' 9 S F> Z X
"ULIES ! PROCESS Z MATT]-Z T \ ( : ,E>?
& ,FIRE -E-TO-BE "? A *ANGE ( QUALITIES
DUE TO ,8! MO;N0'4 ,ON ! O!R H&1 9 S F>
Z ! ,"O RESULTS F -POSI;N 70A 3SILI;E (!
,_M71 ":AS !Y RESULT F 49TEGR,N ! ,_M >E
M ,8ELE;T>Y0' ?AN ! ,"O1 & PRIOR 6X 9 _!
NATURE4
                   #B
  ,WE H "!=E 64CUSS ! :OLE SUBJECT (
,8UNQUALIFI$0' -+-TO-BE & PASS+AWAY2 WE
H 69QUIRE :E!R ^! *ANGES D OR D N O3UR
&1 IF !Y O3UR1 6EXPLA9 ! PRECISE 3DI;NS
( _! O3URR;E4 ,WE M/ AL 4CUSS ! REMA9+
=MS ( *ANGE1 VIZ4 GR[? & ,8ALT],N0'4 ,=
?\<1 NO D\BT1 ,PLATO 9VE/IGAT$ ! 3DI;NS
"U : ?+S -E-TO-BE & PASS-AWAY1 HE 3F9$ 8
9QUIRY 6^! *ANGES2 & HE 4CUSS$ N ALL -+-
TO-BE1 B ONLY T (! ELE;TS4 ,HE ASK$ NO
"QS Z 6H[ FLE% OR B"OS1 OR ANY (! O!R
SIMIL> -P.D ?+S1 -E-TO-BE2 NOR AG DID HE
EXAM9E ! 3DI;NS "U : ,8ALT],N0' OR GR[?
>E ATTRIBUTA# 6?+S4
  ,A SIMIL> CRITICISM APPLIES 6ALL \R
PR$ECESSORS )! S+LE EXCEP;N (
,DEMOCRITUS4 ,N "O ( !M P5ETRAT$ 2L !
SURFACE OR MADE A ?OR\< EXAM9,N (A S+LE
"O (! PRO#MS4 ,DEMOCRITUS1 H["E1 DOES
SEEM N ONLY 6H ?"\ C>E;LLY AB ALL !
PRO#MS1 B AL 6BE 4T+UI%$ F ! \TSET 0HIS
ME?OD4 ,=1 Z WE >E SAY+1 N"O (! O!R
PHILOSOPH]S MADE ANY DEF9ITE /ATE;T AB
GR[?1 EXCEPT S* Z ANY AMATEUR MI<T H
MADE4 ,!Y SD T ?+S GR[ ,80! A3ES.N ( L
6L0'1 B !Y DID N PROCE$ 6EXPLA9 ! MANN]
( ? A3ES.N4 ,NOR DID !Y GIVE ANY A3.T (
,8-B9,N0'3 & !Y NEGLECT$ ALM E S+LE "O (
! REMA9+ PRO#MS1 (F]+ NO EXPLAN,N1 E4G4
( ,8AC;N0' OR ,8PAS.N0' H[ 9 PHYSICAL
AC;NS "O ?+ ACTS &! O!R "UGOES AC;N4
,DEMOCRITUS & ,LEUCIPPUS1 H["E1 PO/ULATE
! ,8FIGURES0'1 & MAKE ,8ALT],N0' & -+-
TO-BE RESULT F !M4 ,!Y EXPLA9 -+-TO-BE &
PASS+-AWAY 0_! ,84SOCI,N0' &
,8ASSOCI,N0'1 B ,8ALT],N0' 0_! ,8GR\P+0'
& ,8,POSI;N0'4 ,& S9CE !Y ?"\ T ! ,8TRU?
LAY 9 ! APPE>.E1 &! APPE>.ES >E 3FLICT+
& 9F9ITELY _M1 !Y MADE ! ,8FIGURES0'
9F9ITE 9 NUMB]4 ,H;E-[+ 6! *ANGES (!
-P.D-! SAME ?+ SEEMS DI6]5T & 3FLICT+
6DI6]5T P3 X IS ,8TRANSPOS$0' 0A SMALL
A4I;NAL 9GR$I5T1 & APPE>S UTT]LY O!R 0!
,8TRANSPOSI;N0' (A S+LE 3/ITU5T4 ,=
,TRAG$Y & ,-$Y >E BO? -POS$ (! SAME LRS4
  ,S9CE ALM ALL \R PR$ECESSORS ?9K 7I7 T
-+-TO-BE IS 4T9CT F ,8ALT],N0'1 & 7;II7
T1 ":AS ?+S ,8ALT]0' 0*ANGE ( _!
QUALITIES1 X IS BY ,8ASSOCI,N0' &
,84SOCI,N0' T !Y -E-TO-BE & PASS-AWAY1
WE M/ 3C5TRATE \R ATT5;N ON ^! !SES4 ,=
!Y L1D 6_M P]PLEX+ & WELL-GR.D$
DILEMMAS4 ,IF1 ON ! "O H&1 -+-TO-BE IS
,8ASSOCI,N0'1 _M IMPOSSI# 3SEQU;ES
RESULT3 & YET "! >E O!R >GU;TS1 N EASY
6UNRAVEL1 : =CE ! 3CLU.N ^U U T -+-TO-BE
_C POSSIBLY 2 ANY?+ ELSE4 ,IF1 ON ! O!R
H&1 -+-TO-BE IS N ,8ASSOCI,N0'1 EI "! IS
NO S* ?+ Z -+-TO-BE AT ALL OR X IS
,8ALT],N0'3 OR ELSE WE M/ 5D1V\R
6UNRAVEL ? DILEMMA TOO-&A /U2ORN "O WE %
F9D X4 ,! FUNDA;TAL "Q1 9 D1L+ ) ALL ^!
DI6ICULTIES1 IS ?3 ,8,D ?+S -E-TO-BE &
8ALT]0 & GR[1 & "UGO ! 3TR>Y *ANGES1 2C
! PRIM>Y 8R1LS0 >E 9DIVISI# MAGNITUDES8
,OR IS NO MAGNITUDE 9DIVISI#80' ,=!
ANSW] WE GIVE 6? "Q MAKES ! GRTE/
DI6];E4 ,& AG1 IF ! PRIM>Y ,8R1LS0' >E
9DIVISI# MAGNITUDES1 >E ^! BODIES1 Z
,DEMOCRITUS & ,LEUCIPPUS MA9TA98 ,OR >E
!Y PLANES1 Z IS ASS]T$ 9 ! ,TIMAEUS8
  ,6RESOLVE BODIES 96PLANES & NO FUR!R-
?1 Z WE H AL REM>K$ ELSE":1 9 XF A
P>ADOX4 ,H;E "! IS M 6BE SD =! VIEW T "!
>E 9DIVISI# BODIES4 ,YET EV5 ^! 9VOLVE
M* ( P>ADOX4 ,/1 Z WE H SD1 X IS POSSI#
63/RUCT ,8ALT],N0' & -+-TO-BE ) !M1 IF
"O ,8TRANSPOSES0' ! SAME BY ,8TURN+0' &
,89T]CONTACT0'1 & BY ,8! V>IETIES (!
FIGURES0'1 Z ,DEMOCRITUS DOES4 7,HIS
D5IAL (! R1L;Y ( COL\R IS A COROLL>Y F ?
POSI;N3 =1 AC 6HM1 ?+S GET COL\R$ BY
,8TURN+0' (! ,8FIGURES0'47 ,B !
POSSIBIL;Y ( S* A 3/RUC;N NO L;G] EXI/S
= ^? :O DIVIDE BODIES 96PLANES4 ,= NO?+
EXCEPT SOLIDS RESULTS F PUTT+ PLANES
TGR3 !Y D N EV5 ATTEMPT 6G5]ATE ANY
QUAL;Y F !M4
  ,LACK ( EXP]I;E DIM9I%ES \R P[] ( TAK+
A -PREH5SIVE VIEW (! ADMITT$ FACTS4 ,H;E
^? :O DWELL 9 9TIMATE ASSOCI,N ) NATURE
& XS PH5OM5A GR[ M & M A# 6=MULATE1 Z !
F.D,NS ( _! !ORIES1 PR9CIPLES S* Z
6ADMIT (A WIDE & COH]5T DEVELOP;T3 :ILE
^? :OM DEVO;N 6AB/RACT 4CUS.NS HAS R5D]$
UNOBS]VANT (! FACTS >E TOO R1DY
6DOGMATIZE ON ! BASIS (A FEW OBS]V,NS4
,! RIVAL TR1T;TS (! SUBJECT N[ 2F U W
S]VE 6ILLU/RATE H[ GRT IS ! DI6];E 2T A
,8SCI5TIFIC0' &A ,8DIALECTICAL0' ME?OD (
9QUIRY4 ,=1 ":AS ! ,PLATONI/S >GUE T "!
M/ 2 ATOMIC MAGNITUDES ,82C O!RWISE 8,!
,TRIANGLE0 W 2 M ?AN "O0'1 ,DEMOCRITUS
WD APPE> 6H BE5 3V9C$ 0>GU;TS
APPROPRIATE 6! SUBJECT1 I4E4 DRAWN F !
SCI;E ( NATURE4 ,\R M1N+ W 2COME CLE> Z
WE PROCE$4 ,= 6SUPPOSE T A BODY 7I4E4 A
MAGNITUDE7 IS DIVISI# "? & "?1 & T ?
DIVI.N IS POSSI#1 9VOLVES A DI6ICULTY4
,:AT W "! 2 9 ! BODY : ESCAPES ! DIVI.N8
  ,IF X IS DIVISI# "? & "?1 & IF ?
DIVI.N IS POSSI#1 !N X MI<T BE1 AT "O &!
SAME MO;T1 DIVID$ "? & "?1 EV5 ?\< !
DIVID+S _H N BE5 E6ECT$ SIMULTANE\SLY3 &
! ACTUAL O3URR;E ( ? RESULT WD 9VOLVE NO
IMPOSSIBIL;Y4 ,H;E ! SAME PR9CIPLE W
APPLY :5"E A BODY IS 0NATURE DIVISI# "?
& "?1 :E!R 0BISEC;N1 OR G5],Y 0ANY ME?OD
:AT"E3 NO?+ IMPOSSI# W H RESULT$ IF X
HAS ACTU,Y BE5 DIVID$-N EV5 IF X HAS BE5
DIVID$ 969NUM]A# "PS1 !MVS DIVID$
9NUM]A# "TS4 ,NO?+ IMPOSSI# W H RESULT$1
?\< P]H NOBODY 9 FACT CD S DIVIDE X4
  ,S9CE1 "!=E1 ! 2 DY IS DIVISI# "? &
"?1 LET X H BE5 DIVID$4 ,:AT1 !N1 W
REMA98 ,A MAGNITUDE8 ,NO3 T IS IMPOSSI#1
S9CE !N "! W 2 "S?+ N DIVID$1 ":AS EX
HYPO!SIS ! BODY 0 DIVISI# "? & "?4 ,B IF
X 2 ADMITT$ T NEI A BODY NOR A MAGNITUDE
W REMA91 & YET DIVI.N IS 6TAKE PLACE1 !
3/ITU5TS (! BODY W EI 2 PO9TS 7I4E4 )\T
MAGNITUDE7 OR ABSOLUTELY NO?+4 ,IF XS
3/ITU5TS >E NO?+S1 !N X MI<T BO? -E-TO-
BE \ ( NO?+S & EXI/ Z A -POSITE ( NO?+S3
& ?US PRESUMABLY ! :OLE BODY W 2 NO?+ B
AN APPE>.E4 ,B IF X 3SI/S ( PO9TS1 A
SIMIL> ABSURD;Y W RESULT3 X W N POSSESS
ANY MAGNITUDE4 ,= :5 ! PO9TS 7 9 3TACT &
CO9CID$ 6=M A S+LE MAGNITUDE1 !Y DID N
MAKE ! :OLE ANY BI7] 7S9CE1 :5 ! BODY 0
DIVID$ 96TWO OR M "PS1 ! :OLE 0 N A BIT
SMALL] OR BI7] ?AN X 0 2F ! DIVI.N73
H;E1 EV5 IF ALL ! PO9TS 2 PUT TGR1 !Y W
N MAKE ANY MAGNITUDE4
  ,B SUPPOSE T1 Z ! BODY IS 2+ DIVID$1 A
M9UTE SEC;N-A PIECE ( SAWDU/1 Z X W]E-IS
EXTRACT$1 & T 9 ? S5SE-A BODY ,8-ES
AWAY0' F ! MAGNITUDE1 EVAD+ ! DIVI.N4
,EV5 !N ! SAME >GU;T APPLIES4 ,= 9 :AT
S5SE IS T SEC;N DIVISI#8 ,B IF :AT
,8CAME AWAY0' 0 N A BODY B A SEP>A# =M
OR QUAL;Y1 & IF ! MAGNITUDE IS ,8PO9TS
OR 3TACTS ?US QUALIFI$0'3 X IS
P>ADOXICAL T A MAGNITUDE %D 3SI/ (
ELE;TS1 : >E N MAGNITUDES4 ,MOREOV]1 ":
W ! PO9TS BE8 ,& >E !Y MO;N.S OR MOV+8
,& E 3TACT IS ALW A 3TACT ( TWO "S?+S1
I4E4 "! IS ALW "S?+ 2SS ! 3TACT OR !
DIVI.N OR ! PO9T4
  ,^!1 !N1 >E ! DI6ICULTIES RESULT+ F !
SUPPOSI;N T ANY & E BODY1 :AT"E XS SIZE1
IS DIVISI# "? & "?4 ,"! IS1 2SS1 ? FUR!R
3SID],N4 ,IF1 HAV+ DIVID$ A PIECE ( WOOD
OR ANY?+ ELSE1 ,I PUT X TGR1 X IS AG
EQUAL 6:AT X WAS1 & IS "O4 ,CLE>LY ? IS
S1 :AT"E ! PO9T AT : ,I CUT ! WOOD4 ,!
WOOD1 "!=E1 HAS BE5 DIVID$ POT5TI,Y "? &
"?4 ,:AT1 !N1 IS "! 9 ! WOOD 2SS !
DIVI.N8 ,= EV5 IF WE SUPPOSE "! IS "S
QUAL;Y1 YET H[ IS ! WOOD 4SOLV$ 96S*
3/ITU5TS & H[ DOES X -E-TO-BE \ ( !M8
,OR H[ >E S* 3/ITU5TS SEP>AT$ S Z 6EXI/
A"P F "O ANO!R8 ,S9CE1 "!=E1 X IS
IMPOSSI# = MAGNITUDES 63SI/ ( 3TACTS OR
PO9TS1 "! M/ 2 9DIVISI# BODIES &
MAGNITUDES4 ,YET1 IF WE D PO/ULATE !
LATT]1 WE >E 3FRONT$ ) EQU,Y IMPOSSI#
3SEQU;ES1 : WE H EXAM9$ 9 O!R "WS40' ,B
WE M/ TRY 645TANGLE ^! P]PLEXITIES1 & M/
"!=E =MULATE ! :OLE PRO#M OV] AG4
  ,ON ! "O H&1 !N1 X IS 9 NO WAY
P>ADOXICAL T E P]CEPTI# BODY %D 2
9DIVISI# Z WELL Z DIVISI# AT ANY & E
PO9T4 ,=! SECOND PR$ICATE W AT4 TA* 6X
POT5TI,Y1 B ! F/ ACTU,Y4 ,ON ! O!R H&1 X
WD SEEM 6BE IMPOSSI# =A BODY 6BE1 EV5
POT5TI,Y1 DIVISI# AT ALL PO9TS
SIMULTANE\SLY4 ,= IF X 7 POSSI#1 !N X
MI<T ACTU,Y O3UR1 )! RESULT1 N T ! BODY
WD SIMULTANE\SLY 2 ACTU,Y BO? 79DIVISI#
& DIVID$71 B T X WD 2 SIMULTANE\SLY
DIVID$ AT ANY & E PO9T4 ,3SEQU5TLY1 NO?+
W REMA9 &! BODY W H PASS$-AWAY 96:AT IS
9CORPOR1L3 & S X MI<T -E-TO-BE AG EI \ (
PO9TS OR ABSOLUTELY \ ( NO?+4 ,& H[ IS T
POSSI#8
  ,B N[ X IS OBVI\S T A BODY IS 9 FACT
DIVID$ 96SEP>A# MAGNITUDES : >E SMALL]
AT EA* DIVI.N-96MAGNITUDES : FALL A"P F
"O ANO!R & >E ACTU,Y SEP>AT$4 ,H;E 7X IS
URG$7 ! PROCESS ( DIVID+ A BODY "P 0"P
IS N A ,8BR1K+ UP0' : CD 3T9UE AD
9F9ITUM2 NOR C A BODY 2 SIMULTANE\SLY
DIVID$ AT E PO9T1 = T IS N POSSI#2 B "!
IS A LIMIT1 2Y : ! ,8BR1K+ UP0' _C
PROCE$4 ,! NEC 3SEQU;E-ESPECI,Y IF -+-
TO-BE & PASS+-AWAY >E 6TAKE PLACE BY
,8ASSOCI,N0' & ,84SOCI,N0' RESPECTIVELY-
IS T A BODY M/ 3TA9 ATOMIC MAGNITUDES :
>E 9VISI#4 ,S* IS ! >GU;T : IS 2LIEV$
6E/ABLI% ! NECESS;Y ( ATOMIC MAGNITUDES3
WE M/ N[ %[ T X 3C1LS A FAULTY 9F];E1 &
EXACTLY ": X 3C1LS X4
  ,=1 S9CE PO9T IS N ,8IMMLY-NEXT0'
6PO9T1 MAGNITUDES >E ,8DIVISI# "? & "?0'
9 "O S5SE1 & YET N 9 ANO!R4 ,:51 H["E1 X
IS ADMITT$ T A MAGNITUDE IS ,8DIVISI# "?
& "?0'1 X IS ?"\ "! IS A PO9T N ONLY
ANY":1 B AL "EY":1 9 X3 H;E X IS SUPPOS$
6FOLL[1 F ! ADMIS.N1 T ! MAGNITUDE M/ 2
DIVID$ AWAY 96NO?+4 ,= X IS SUPPOS$-"!
IS A PO9T "EY": )9 X1 S T X 3SI/S EI (
3TACTS OR ( PO9TS4 ,B X IS ONLY 9 "O
S5SE T ! MAGNITUDE IS ,8DIVISI# "? &
"?0'1 VIZ4 9 S F> Z "! IS "O PO9T ANY":
)9 X & ALL XS PO9TS >E "EY": )9 X IF Y
TAKE !M S+LY "O 0"O4 ,B "! >E N M PO9TS
?AN "O ANY": )9 X1 =! PO9TS >E N
,83SECUTIVE0'3 H;E X IS N SIMULTANE\SLY
,8DIVISI# "? & "?0'4 ,= IF X W]E1 !N1 IF
X 2 DIVISI# AT XS C5TRE1 X W 2 DIVISI#
AL AT A PO9T ,8IMMLY-NEXT0' 6XS C5TRE4
,B X IS N S DIVISI#3 = POSI;N IS N
,8IMMLY-NEXT0' 6POSI;N1 NOR PO9T 6PO9T-
IN O!R ^WS1 DIVI.N IS N ,8IMMLY-NEXT0'
6DIVI.N1 NOR -POSI;N 6-POSI;N4
  ,H;E "! >E BO? ,8ASSOCI,N0' &
,84SOCI,N0'1 ?\< NEI 7A7 9TO1 & \ (1
ATOMIC MAGNITUDES 7= T 9VOLVES _M
IMPOSSIBILITIES71 NOR 7B7 S T DIVI.N
TAKES PLACE "? & "?-= ? WD H RESULT$
ONLY IF PO9T _H BE5 ,8IMMLY-NEXT0'
6PO9T3 B ,84SOCI,N0' TAKES PLACE 96SMALL
7I4E4 RELATIVELY SMALL7 "PS1 &
,8ASSOCI,N0' TAKES PLACE \ ( RELATIVELY
SMALL "PS4
  ,X IS WR;G1 H["E1 6SUPPOSE1 Z "S
ASS]T1 T -+-TO-BE & PASS+-AWAY 9 !
UNQUALIFI$ & -PLETE S5SE >E 4T9CTIVELY
DEF9$ BY ,8ASSOCI,N0' & ,84SOCI,N0'1
:ILE ! *ANGE T TAKES PLACE 9 :AT IS
3T9U\S IS ,8ALT],N0'4 ,ON ! 3TR>Y1 ? IS
": ! :OLE ]ROR LIES4 ,= UNQUALIFI$ -+-
TO-BE & PASS+-AWAY >E N E6ECT$ BY
,8ASSOCI,N0' & ,84SOCI,N0'4 ,!Y TAKE
PLACE :5 A ?+ *ANGES1 F ? 6T1 Z A :OLE4
,B ! PHILOSOPH]S WE >E CRITICIZ+ SUPPOSE
T ALL S* *ANGE IS ,8ALT],N0'3 ":AS 9
FACT "! IS A DI6];E4 ,= 9 T : "ULIES !
*ANGE "! IS A FACTOR CORRESPOND+ 6!
DEF9I;N & "! IS A MAT]IAL FACTOR4 ,:51
!N1 ! *ANGE IS 9 ^! 3/ITUTIVE FACTORS1
"! W 2 -+-TO-BE OR PASS+-AWAY3 B :5 X IS
9 ! ?+'S QUALITIES1 I4E4 A *ANGE (! ?+
P] A3ID5TS1 "! W 2 ,8ALT],N0'4
  ,8,4SOCI,N0' & ,8ASSOCI,N0' A6ECT !
?+'S SUSCEPTIBIL;Y 6PASS+-AWAY4 ,= IF
WAT] HAS F/ BE5 ,84SOCIAT$0' 96SMALLI%
DROPS1 AIR -ES-TO-BE \ ( X M QKLY3 :ILE1
IF DROPS ( WAT] H F/ BE5 ,8ASSOCIAT$0'1
AIR -ES-TO-BE M SL[LY4 ,\R DOCTR9E W
2COME CLE>] 9 ! SEQUEL40' ,M1N"T1 S M*
MAY 2 TAK5 Z E/ABLI%$-VIZ4 T -+-TO-BE _C
2 ,8ASSOCI,N0'1 AT L1/ N ! K9D (
,8ASSOCI,N0' "S PHILOSOPH]S ASS]T X 6BE4
                   #C
  ,N[ T WE H E/ABLI%$ ! PREC$+ 4T9C;NS1
WE M/ F/ 3SID] :E!R "! IS ANY?+ : -ES-
TO-BE & PASSES-AWAY 9 ! UNQUALIFI$ S5SE3
OR :E!R NO?+ -ES-TO-BE 9 ? /RICT S5SE1 B
"EY?+ ALW -ES-TO-BE "S?+ & \ ( "S?+-,I
M1N1 E4G4 -ES-TO-BE-H1L?Y \ ( 2+-ILL &
ILL \ ( 2+-H1L?Y1 -ES-TO-BE-SMALL \ ( 2+
BIG & BIG \ ( 2+-SMALL1 & S ON 9 E O!R
9/.E4 ,= IF "! IS 6BE -+-TO-BE )\T
QUALIFIC,N1 ,8"S?+0' M/-)\T QUALIFIC,N-
,8-E-TO-BE \ ( N-2+0'1 S T X WD 2 TRUE
6SAY T ,8N-2+ IS AN ATTRIBUTE ( "S
?+S0'4 ,= QUALIFI$ -+-TO-BE IS A PROCESS
\ ( QUALIFI$ N-2+ 7E4G4 \ ( N-:ITE OR N-
B1UTI;L71 B UNQUALIFI$ -+-TO-BE IS A
PROCESS \ ( UNQUALIFI$ N-2+4
  ,N[ ,8UNQULIFI$0' M1NS EI 7I7 ! PRIM>Y
PR$IC,N )9 EA* ,CATEGORY1 OR 7;II7 !
UNIV]SAL1 I4E4 ! ALL-COMPREH5SIVE1
PR$IC,N4 ,H;E1 IF'UNQUALIFI$ N-2+ ,8M1NS
! NEG,N ( ,82+0' 9 ! S5SE (! PRIM>Y T]M
(! ,CATEGORY 9 "Q1 WE % H1 9
,8UNQUALIFI$ -+-TO-BE0'1 A -+-TO-BE (A
SUB/.E \ ( N-SUB/.E4 ,B T : IS N A
SUB/.E OR A ,8?0' CLE>LY _C POSSESS
PR$ICATES DRAWN F ANY (! O!R ,CATEGORIES
EI-E4G4 WE _C ATTRIBUTE 6X ANY QUAL;Y1
QUANT;Y1 OR POSI;N4 ,O!RWISE1 PROP]TIES
WD ADMIT ( EXI/;E 9 SEP>,N F SUB/.ES4
,IF1 ON ! O!R H&1 ,8UNQUALIFI$ N-2+0'
M1NS ,8:AT IS N 9 ANY S5SE AT ALL0'1 X W
2 A UNIV]SAL NEG,N ( ALL =MS ( 2+1 S T
:AT -ES-TO-BE W H 6-E-TO-BE \ ( NO?+4
  ,AL? WE H D1LT ) ^! PRO#MS AT GRT]
L5G? 9 ANO!R "W1": WE H SET =? !
DI6ICULTIES & E/ABLI%$ ! 4T+UI%+
DEF9I;NS1 ! FOLL[+ 3CISE RE/ATE;T ( \R
RESULTS M/ "H 2 (F]$3 ,9 "O S5SE ?+S -E-
TO-BE \ ( T : HAS NO ,82+0' )\T
QUALIFIC,N3 YET 9 ANO!R S5SE !Y -E-TO-BE
ALW \ ( :AT IS0'4 ,= -+-TO-BE NECESS>ILY
IMPLIES ! PRE-EXI/;E ( "S?+ : POT5TI,Y
,8IS0'1 B ACTU,Y ,8IS N0'2 & ? "S?+ IS
SPOK5 ( BO? Z ,82+0' & Z ,8N-2+0'4
  ,^! 4T9C;NS MAY 2 TAK5 Z E/ABLI%$3 B
EV5 !N X IS EXTRAORD9>ILY DI6ICULT 6SEE
H[ "! C 2 ,8UNQUALIFI$ -+-TO-BE0' 7:E!R
WE SUPPOSE X 6O3UR \ ( :AT POT5TI,Y
,8IS0'1 OR 9 "S O!R WAY71 & WE M/ RECALL
? PRO#M = FUR!R EXAM9,N4 ,=! "Q MI<T 2
RAIS$ :E!R SUB/.E 7I4E4 ! ,8?0'7 -ES-TO-
BE AT ALL4 ,IS X N R ! ,8S*0'1 ! ,8S
GRT0'1 OR ! ,8"S":0'1 : -ES-TO-BE8 ,&!
SAME "Q MI<T 2 RAIS$ AB ,8PASS+-AWAY0'
AL4 ,= IF A SUB/ANTIAL ?+ -ES-TO-BE1 X
IS CLE> T "! W ,8BE0' 7N ACTU,Y1 B
POT5TI,Y7 A SUB/.E1 \ ( : XS -+-TO-BE W
PROCE$ & 96: ! ?+ T IS PASS+-AWAY W
NECESS>ILY *ANGE4 ,!N W ANY PR$ICATE
2L;G+ 6! REMA9+ ,CATEGORIES ATTA* ACTU,Y
6? PRESUPPOS$ SUB/.E8 ,9 O!R ^WS1 W T :
IS ONLY POT5TI,Y A ,8?0' 7: ONLY
POT5TI,Y IS71 :ILE )\T ! QUALIFIC,N
,8POT5TI,Y0' X IS N A ,8?0' 7I4E4 IS N71
POSSESS1 E4G4 ANY DET]M9ATE SIZE OR
QUAL;Y OR POSI;N8 ,= 7I7 IF X POSSESSES
N"O ( ^! DET]M9,NS ACTU,Y1 B ALL ( !M
ONLY POT5TI,Y1 ! RESULT IS F/ T A 2+1 :
IS N A DET]M9ATE 2+1 IS CAPA# ( SEP>ATE
EXI/;E2 & 9 A4I;N T -+-TO-BE PROCE$S \ (
NO?+ PRE-EXI/+-A !SIS :1 M ?AN ANY O!R1
PREO3UPI$ & AL>M$ ! E>LIE/ PHILOSOPH]S4
,ON ! O!R H& 7;II7 IF1 AL? X IS N A ,8?
"S:AT0' OR A SUB/.E1 X IS 6POSSESS "S (!
REMA9+ DET]M9,NS QUOT$ ABV1 !N 7Z WE
SD70' PROP]TIES W 2 SEP>A# F SUB/.ES4
  ,WE M/ "!=E 3C5TRATE ALL \R P[]S ON !
4CUS.N ( ^! DI6ICULTIES & ON ! SOLU;N (A
FUR!R "Q-VIZ4 ,:AT IS ! CAUSE (!
P]PETU;Y ( -+-TO-BE8 ,:Y IS "! ALW
UNQUALIFI$1 Z WELL Z "PIAL1 -+-TO-BE8
,CAUSE0' 9 ? 3NEXION HAS TWO S5SES4 ,X
M1NS 7I7 ! S\RCE F :1 Z WE SAY1 !
PROCESS ,8ORIG9ATES0'1 & 7;II7 ! MATT]4
,X IS ! MAT]IAL CAUSE T WE H "H 6/ATE4
,=1 Z 6! O!R CAUSE1 WE H ALR EXPLA9$ 7IN
\R TR1TISE ON ,MO;N T X 9VOLVES 7A7 "S?+
IMMOVA# "? ALL "T & 7B7 "S?+ ALW 2+
MOV$4 ,&! A3URATE TR1T;T (! F/ ( ^!-(!
IMMOVA# ,8ORIG9ATIVE S\RCE'-2L;GS 6!
PROV9CE (! O!R1 OR ,8PRIOR0'1
PHILOSOPHY3 :ILE Z REG>DS ,8T : SETS
"EY?+ ELSE 9 MO;N 02+ XF 3T9U\SLY
MOV$0'1 WE % H 6EXPLA9 LAT]0' : AM;G/ !
S-CALL$ ,8SPECIFIC0' CAUSES EXHIBITS ?
"*4 ,B AT PRES5T WE >E 6/ATE ! MAT]IAL
CAUSE-! CAUSE CLASS$ "U ! H1D ( MATT]-TO
: X IS DUE T PASS+-AWAY & -+-TO-BE N"E
FAIL 6O3UR 9 ,NATURE4 ,= P]H1 IF WE
SU3E$ 9 CLE>+ UP ? "Q1 X W SIMULTANE\SLY
2COME CLE> :AT A3.T WE "\ 6GIVE ( T :
P]PLEX$ U J N[1 I4E4 ( UNQUALIFI$
PASS+AWAY & -+-TO-BE4
  ,\R NEW "Q TOO-VIZ4 ,8:AT IS ! CAUSE (
! UNBROK5 3T9U;Y ( -+-TO-BE8'-IS
SU6ICI5TLY P]PLEX+1 IF 9 FACT :AT
PASSES-AWAY VANI%ES 9TO ,8:AT IS N0' &
,8:AT IS N0' IS NO?+ 7S9CE ,8:AT IS N0'
IS NEI A ?+1 NOR POSSESS$ (A QUAL;Y OR
QUANT;Y1 NOR 9 ANY PLACE74 ,IF1 !N1 "S
"O (! ?+S ,8: >E0' 3/ANTLY 4APPE>+1 :Y
HAS N ! :OLE ( ,8:AT IS0' BE5 US$ UP L;G
AGO & VANI%$ AWAY ASSUM+ ( C\RSE T !
MAT]IAL ( ALL ! S"EAL -+S-TO-BE 0 F9ITE8
,=1 PRESUMABLY1 ! UNFAIL+ 3T9U;Y ( -+-
TO-BE _C 2 ATTRIBUT$ 6! 9F9;Y (!
MAT]IAL4 ,T IS IMPOSSI#1 = NO?+ IS
ACTU,Y 9F9ITE4 ,A ?+ IS 9F9ITE ONLY
POT5TI,Y1 I4E4 ! DIVID+ ( X C 3T9UE
9DEF9ITELY3 S T WE %D H 6SUPPOSE "! IS
ONLY "O K9D ( -+-TO-BE 9 ! _W-VIZ4 "O :
N"E FAILS1 2C X IS S* T :AT -ES-TO-BE IS
ON EA* SU3ESSIVE O3A.N SMALL] ?AN 2F4 ,B
9 FACT ? IS N :AT WE SEE O3URR+4
  ,:Y1 !N1 IS ? =M ( *ANGE NECESS>ILY
C1SE.S8 ,IS X 2C ! PASS+-AWAY ( ? IS A
-+-TO-BE ( "S?+ ELSE1 &! -+-TO-BE ( ? A
PASS+-AWAY ( "S?+ ELSE8
  ,! CAUSE IMPLI$ 9 ? SOLU;N M/ NO D\BT
2 3SID]$ ADEQUATE 6A3.T = -+-TO-BE &
PASS+-AWAY 9 _! G5]AL "* Z !Y O3UR 9 ALL
EXI/+ ?+S ALIKE4 ,YET1 IF ! SAME PROCESS
IS A -+ TO-BE ( ? B A PASS+-AWAY ( T1 &A
PASS+-AWAY ( ? B A -+-TO-BE ( T1 :Y >E
"S ?+S SD 6-E-TO-BE & PASS-AWAY )\T
QUALIFIC,N1 B O!RS ONLY )A QUALIFIC,N8
  ,! 4T9C;N M/ 2 9VE/IGAT$ ONCE M1 = X
DEM&S "S EXPLAN,N4 7,X IS APPLI$ 9 A
TWOFOLD MANN]47 ,= 7I7 WE SAY ,8X IS N[
PASS+-AWAY0' )\T QUALIFIC,N1 & N M]ELY
,8? IS PASS+-AWAY0'3 & WE CALL ? *ANGE
,8-+-TO-BE0'1 & T ,8PASS+-AWAY0'1 )\T
QUALIFIC,N4 ,& 7;II7 S-&-S ,8-ES-TO-BE-
"S?+0'1 B DOES N ,8-E-TO-BE0' )\T
QUALIFIC,N2 = WE SAY T ! /UD5T ,8-ES-TO-
BE-LE>N$0'1 N ,8-ES-TO-BE0' )\T
QUALIFIC,N4
  7I7 ,N[ WE (T5 DIVIDE T]MS 96^? :
SIGNIFY A ,8? "S:AT0' & ^? : D N4 ,& 7!
F/ =M (7 ! 4T9C;N1 : WE >E 9VE/IGAT+1
RESULTS F A SIMIL> DIVI.N ( T]MS3 = X
MAKES A DI6];E 96:AT ! *ANG+ ?+ *ANGES4
,P]H1 E4G4 ! PASSAGE 96,FIRE IS ,8-+-TO-
BE0' UNQUALIFI$1 B ,8PASS+AWAY-(-"S?+0'
7E4G4 ,E>?73 :IL/ ! -+-TO-BE ( ,E>? IS
QUALIFI$ 7N UNQUALIFI$7 ,8-+-TO-BE0'1
?\< UNQUALIFI$ ,8PASS+-AWAY0' 7E4G4 (
,FIRE74 ,? WD 2 ! CASE ON ! !ORY SET =?
9 ,P>M5IDES3 = HE SAYS T ! ?+S 96: *ANGE
TAKES PLACE >E TWO1 & HE ASS]TS T ^!
TWO1 VIZ4 :AT IS & :AT IS N1 >E ,FIRE &
,E>?4 ,:E!R WE PO/ULATE ^!1 OR O!R ?+S (
A SIMIL> K9D1 MAKES NO DI6];E4 ,= WE >E
TRY+ 64COV] N :AT "UGOES ^! *ANGES1 B
:AT IS _! "*I/IC MANN]4 ,! PASSAGE1 !N1
96:AT ,8IS0' N EXCEPT )A QUALIFIC,N IS
UNQUALIFI$ PASS+-AWAY1 :ILE ! PASSAGE
96:AT ,8IS0' )\T QUALIFIC,N IS
UNQUALIFI$ -+-TO-BE4 ,H;E :AT"E ! 3TRA/$
,8POLES0' (! *ANGES MAY 2 :E!R ,FIRE &
,E>?1 OR "S O!R C\PLE-! "O ( !M W 2 'A
2+0' &! O!R 'A N-2+0'4
  ,WE H ?US /AT$ "O "*I/IC MANN] 9 :
UNQUALIFI$ W 2 4T+UI%$ F QUALIFI$ -+-TO-
BE & PASS+-AWAY3 B !Y >E AL 4T+UI%$ AC
6! SPECIAL NATURE (! MAT]IAL (! *ANG+
?+4 ,=A MAT]IAL1 ^: 3/ITUTIVE DI6];ES
SIGNIFY M A ,8? "S:AT0'1 IS XF M
,8SUB/ANTIAL0' OR ,8R1L0'3 :ILE A
MAT]IAL1 ^: 3/ITUTIVE DI6];ES SIGNIFY
PRIV,N1 IS ,8N R1L0'4 7,SUPPOSE1 E4G4 T
,8! HOT0' IS A POSITIVE PR$IC,N1 I4E4 A
,8=M0'1 ":AS ,8COLD0' IS A PRIV,N1 & T
,E>? & ,FIRE DI6] F "O ANO!R 0^!
3/ITUTIVE DI6];ES47
  ,! OP9ION1 H["E1 : MO/ P >E 9CL9$
6PREF]1 IS T ! 4T9C;N DEP5DS ^U ! DI6];E
2T ,8! P]CEPTI#0' & ,8! IMP]CEPTI#0'4
,?US1 :5 "! IS A *ANGE 96P]CEPTI#
MAT]IAL1 P SAY "! IS ,8-+-TO-BE0'2 B :5
"! IS A *ANGE 969VISI# MAT]IAL1 !Y CALL
X ,8PASS+-AWAY0'4 ,= !Y 4T+UI% ,8:AT
IS0' & ,8:AT IS N0' 0_! P]CVG & N-P]CVG1
J Z :AT IS "KA# ,8IS0' & :AT IS UN"KA#
,8IS N'-P]CEP;N ON _! VIEW HAV+ ! =CE (
K4 ,H;E1 J Z !Y DEEM !MVS 6LIVE & TO
,8BE0' 9 VIRTUE ( _! P]CVG OR _! CAPAC;Y
6P]CV1 S TOO !Y DEEM ! ?+S TO ,8BE0' QUA
P]CVD OR P]CEPTI#-& 9 ? !Y >E 9 A S5SE
ON ! TRACK (! TRU?1 ?\< :AT !Y ACTU,Y
SAY IS N TRUE4
  ,?US UNQUALIFI$ -+-TO-BE & PASS+AWAY
TURN \ 6BE DI6]5T AC 6-MON OP9ION F :AT
!Y >E 9 TRU?4 ,= ,W9D & ,AIR >E 9 TRU? M
R1L M A ,8? "S:AT0' OR A ,8=M'-?AN ,E>?4
,B !Y >E LESS R1L 6P]CEP;N : EXPLA9S :Y
?+S >E -MONLY SD TO ,8PASS-AWAY0' )\T
QUALIFIC,N :5 !Y *ANGE 96,W9D & ,AIR1 &
TO ,8-E-TO-BE0' :5 !Y *ANGE 96:AT IS
TANGI#1 I4E4 96,E>?4
  ,WE H N[ EXPLA9$ :Y "! IS ,8UNQUALIFI$
-+-TO-BE0' 7?\< X IS A PASS+AWAY-(-"S?+7
& ,8UNQUALIFI$ PASS+AWAY 7?\< X IS A -+-
TO-BE-(-"S?+74 ,= ? 4T9C;N ( APPELL,N
DEP5DS ^U A DI6];E 9 ! MAT]IAL \ ( :1 &
96:1 ! *ANGES >E E6ECT$4 ,X DEP5DS EI ^U
:E!R ! MAT]IAL IS OR IS N
,8SUB/ANTIAL0'1 OR ^U :E!R X IS M OR
LESS ,8SUB/ANTIAL0'1 OR ^U :E!R X IS M
OR LESS P]CEPTI#4
  7;II7 ,B :Y >E "S ?+S SD TO ,8-E TO-
BE0' )\T QUALIFIC,N1 & O!RS ONLY TO
,8-E-TO-BE-S-&-S0'1 9 CASES DI6]5T F !
"O WE H BE5 3SID]+ ": TWO ?+S -E-TO-BE
RECIPROC,Y \ ( "O ANO!R8 ,= AT PRES5T WE
H EXPLA9$ NO M ?AN ?3-:Y1 :5 TWO ?+S
*ANGE RECIPROC,Y 96"O ANO!R1 WE D N
ATTRIBUTE -+-TO-BE & PASS+-AWAY UNI=MLY
6!M BO?1 AL? E -+-TO-BE IS A PASS+-AWAY
( "S?+ ELSE & E PASS+-AWAY "S O!R ?+'S
-+-TO-BE4 ,B ! "Q SUBSEQU5TLY =MULAT$
9VOLVES A DI6]5T PRO#M-VIZ4 :Y1 AL? !
LE>N+ ?+ IS SD TO ,8-E-TO-BE-LE>N$0' B N
TO ,8-E-TOBE0' )\T QUALIFIC,N1 YET !
GR[+ ?+ IS SD TO ,8-E-TO-BE0'4
  ,! 4T9C;N "H TURNS ^U ! DI6];E (!
,CATEGORIES4 ,= "S ?+S SIGNIFY A ?
"S:AT1 O!RS A S*1 & O!RS A S-M*4 ,^?
?+S1 !N1 : D N SIGNIFY SUB/.E1 >E N SD
TO ,8-E-TO-BE0' )\T QUALIFIC,N1 B ONLY
TO ,8-E-TO-BE-S-&-S0'4 ,N"E!.S1 9 ALL
*ANG+ ?+S ALIKE1 WE SP1K ( ,8-+-TO-BE0'
:5 ! ?+ -ES-TO-BE "S?+ 9 "O (! TWO
,COLUMNS-E4G4 9 ,SUB/.E1 IF X -ES-TO-BE
,FIRE B N IF X -ES-TO-BE ,E>?2 & 9
,QUAL;Y1 IF X -ES-TO-BE LE>N$ B N :5 X
-ES-TO-BE IGNORANT4
  ,WE H EXPLA9$ :Y "S ?+S -E TO-BE )\T
QUALIFIC,N1 B N O!RS BO? 9 G5]AL1 & AL
:5 ! *ANG+ ?+S >E SUB/.ES & NO?+ ELSE2 &
WE H /AT$ T ! SUB/RATUM IS ! MAT]IAL
CAUSE (! 3T9U\S O3URR;E ( -+ TO-BE1 2C X
IS S* Z 6*ANGE F 3TR>Y 63TR>Y & 2C1 9
SUB/.ES1 ! -+-TO-BE ( "O ?+ IS ALW A
PASS+-AWAY ( ANO!R1 &! PASS+-AWAY ( "O
?+ IS ALW ANO!R'S -+-TO-BE4 ,B "! IS NO
NE$ EV5 64CUSS ! O!R "Q WE RAIS$-VIZ4 :Y
-+-TO-BE 3T9UES ?\< ?+S >E 3/ANTLY 2+
DE/ROY$4 ,= J Z P SP1K ( 'A PASS+-AWAY0'
)\T QUALIFIC,N :5 A ?+ HAS PASS$ 96:AT
IS IMP]CEPTI# & :AT 9 T S5SE ,8IS N0'1 S
AL !Y SP1K ( 'A -+-TO-BE \ (A N-2+0' :5
A ?+ EM]GES F AN IMP]CEPTI#4 ,:E!R1
"!=E1 ! SUB/RATUM IS OR IS N "S?+1 :AT
-ES-TOBE EM]GES \ (A ,8N-2+0'3 S T A ?+
-ES-TO-BE \ (A N-2+0' J Z M* Z X
,8PASSES-AWAY 96:AT IS N0'4 ,H;E X IS
R1SONA# 5 T -+-TO-BE %D N"E FAIL4 ,= -+-
TO-BE IS A PASS+-AWAY ( ,8:AT IS N0' &
PASS+-AWAY IS A -+ TO-BE ( ,8:AT IS N0'4
  ,B :AT AB T : ,8IS0' N EXCEPT )A
QUALIFIC,N8 ,IS X "O (! TWO 3TR>Y POLES
(! *ANG-E4G4 ,E>? 7I4E4 ! H1VY7 A ,8N-
2+0'1 B ,FIRE 7I4E4 ! LI<T7 A ,82+0'8
,OR1 ON ! 3TR>Y1 DOES :AT IS ,89CLUDE
,E>? Z WELL Z ,FIRE1 ":AS :AT IS N0' IS
MATT]-! MATT] ( ,E>? & ,FIRE ALIKE8 ,&
AG1 IS ! MATT] ( EA* DI6]5T8 ,OR IS X !
SAME1 S9CE O!RWISE !Y WD N -E-TO-BE
RECIPROC,Y \ ( "O ANO!R1 I4E4 3TR>IES \
( 3TR>IES8 ,= ^! ?+S-,FIRE1 ,E>?1 ,WAT]1
,AIR->E "*IZ$ BY ,8! 3TR>IES0'4
  ,P]H ! SOLU;N IS T _! MATT] IS 9 "O
S5SE ! SAME1 B 9 ANO!R S5SE DI6]5T4 ,= T
: "ULIES !M1 :AT"E XS NATURE MAY 2 QUA
"ULY+ !M1 IS ! SAME3 B XS ACTUAL 2+ IS N
! SAME4 ,S M*1 !N1 ON ^! TOPICS4
                   #D
  ,NEXT WE M/ /ATE :AT ! DI6];E IS 2T
-+-TO-BE & ,8ALT],N'-= WE MA9TA9 T ^!
*ANGES >E 4T9CT F "O ANO!R4
  ,S9CE1 !N1 WE M/ 4T+UI% 7A7 !
SUB/RATUM1 & 7B7 ! PROP]TY ^: NATURE X
IS 6BE PR$ICAT$ (! SUB/RATUM2 & S9CE
*ANGE ( EA* ( ^! O3URS2 "! IS ,8ALT],N0'
:5 ! SUB/RATUM IS P]CEPTI# & P]SI/S1 B
*ANGES 9 XS [N PROP]TIES1 ! PROP]TIES 9
"Q 2+ OPPOS$ 6"O ANO!R EI Z 3TR>IES OR Z
9T]M$IATES4 ,! BODY1 E4G4 AL? P]SI/+ Z !
SAME BODY1 IS N[ H1L?Y & N[ ILL2 &!
BRONZE IS N[ SPH]ICAL & AT ANO!R "T
ANGUL>1 & YET REMA9S ! SAME BRONZE4 ,B
:5 NO?+ P]CEPTI# P]SI/S 9 XS ID5T;Y Z A
SUB/RATUM1 &! ?+ *ANGES Z A :OLE 7:5
E4G4 ! SE$ Z A :OLE IS 3V]T$ 96BLOOD1 OR
WAT] 96AIR1 OR AIR Z A :OLE 96WAT]71 S*
AN O3URR;E IS NO L;G] ,8ALT],N0'4 ,X IS
A -+-TO-BE ( "O SUB/.E &A PASS+-AWAY (!
O!R-ESPECI,Y IF ! *ANGE PROCE$S F AN
IMP]CEPTI# "S?+ 6"S?+ P]CEPTI# 7EI 6T\*
OR 6ALL ! S5SES71 Z :5 WAT] -ES-TO-BE \
(1 OR PASSES-AWAY 9TO1 AIR3 = AIR IS
PRETTY WELL IMP]CEPTI#4 ,IF1 H["E1 9 S*
CASES1 ANY PROP]TY 72+ "O (A PAIR (
3TR>IES7 P]SI/S1 9 ! ?+ T HAS -E-TO-BE1
! SAME Z X 0 9 ! ?+ : HAS PASS$AWAY-IF1
E4G4 :5 WAT] -ES-TO-BE \ ( AIR1 BO? >E
TRANSP>5T OR COLD-! SECOND ?+1 96: ! F/
*ANGES1 M/ N 2 A PROP]TY ( ? P]SI/5T
ID5TICAL "S?+4 ,O!RWISE ! *ANGE W 2
,8ALT],N40' ,SUPPOSE1 E4G4 T ! MUSICAL
MAN PASS$-AWAY & AN UNMUSICAL MAN CAME-
TOBE1 & T ! MAN P]SI/S Z "S?+ ID5TICAL4
,N[1 IF ,8MUSICAL;S & UNMUSICAL;S0' _H N
BE5 A PROP]TY ESS5TI,Y 9H]+ 9 MAN1 ^!
*ANGES WD H BE5 A -+-TO-BE ( UNMUSICAL;S
&A PASS+-AWAY ( MUSICAL;S3 B 9 FACT
,8MUSICAL;S & UNMUSICAL;S0' >E A PROP]TY
(! P]SI/5T ID5T;Y1 VIZ4 MAN4 7,H;E1 Z
REG>DS MAN1 ^! *ANGES >E ,8MODIFIC,NS0'2
?\<1 Z REG>DS MUSICAL MAN & UNMUSICAL
MAN1 !Y >E A PASS+-AWAY &A -+-TO-BE47
,3SEQU5TLY S* *ANGES >E ,8ALT],N40' ,:5
! *ANGE F 3TR>Y 63TR>Y IS 9 QUANT;Y1 X
IS ,8GR[? & DIM9U;N0'2 :5 X IS 9 PLACE1
X IS ,8MO;N0'2 :5 X IS 9 PROP]TY1 I4E4 9
QUAL;Y1 X IS ,8ALT],N0'3 B1 :5 NO?+
P]SI/S1 ( : ! RESULTANT IS A PROP]TY 7OR
AN ,8A3ID5T0' 9 ANY S5SE (! T]M71 X IS
,8-+-TO-BE0'1 &! 3V]SE *ANGE IS ,8PASS+-
AWAY0'4
  ,8,MATT]0'1 9 ! MO/ PROP] S5SE (! T]M1
IS 6BE ID5TIFI$ )! SUB/RATUM : IS
RECEPTIVE ( -+-TO-BE & PASS+AWAY3 B !
SUB/RATUM (! REMA9+ K9DS ( *ANGE IS AL1
9 A C]TA9 S5SE1 ,8MATT]0'1 2C ALL ^!
SUB/RATA >E RECEPTIVE ( ,83TR>IETIES0' (
"S K9D4 ,S M*1 !N1 Z AN ANSW] 6! "QS 7I7
:E!R -+-TO-BE ,8IS0' OR ,8IS N'-I4E4 :AT
>E ! PRECISE 3DI;NS ( XS O3URR;E & 7;II7
:AT ,8ALT],N0' IS3 B WE H / 6TR1T (
GR[?4
                   #E
  ,WE M/ EXPLA9 7I7 ":9 GR[? DI6]S F -+-
TO-BE & F ,8ALT],N0'1 & ;II7 :AT IS !
PROCESS ( GR[+ &! SPROCESS ( DIM9I%+ 9
EA* & ALL (! ?+S T GR[ & DIM9I%4
  ,H;E \R F/ "Q IS ?3 ,D ^! *ANGES DI6]
F "O ANO!R SOLELY 2C (A DI6];E 9 _!
RESPECTIVE ,8SPH]ES0'8 ,9 O!R ^WS1 D !Y
DI6] 2C1 :ILE A *ANGE F ? 6T 7VIZ4 F
POT5TIAL 6ACTUAL SUB/.E7 IS -+-TO-BE1 A
*ANGE 9 ! SPH]E ( MAGNITUDE IS GR[? & "O
9 ! SPH]E ( QUAL;Y IS ,8ALT],N'-BO? GR[?
& ,8ALT],N0' 2+ *ANGES F :AT IS-POT5TI,Y
6:AT IS-ACTU,Y MAGNITUDE & QUAL;Y
RESPECTIVELY8 ,OR IS "! AL A DI6];E 9 !
MANN] (! *ANGE1 S9CE X IS EVID5T T1 ":AS
NEI :AT IS ,8ALT]+0' NOR :AT IS -+-TO-BE
NECESS>ILY *ANGES XS PLACE1 :AT IS GR[+
OR DIM9I%+ *ANGES XS SPATIAL POSI;N (
NECESS;Y1 ?\< 9 A DI6]5T MANN] F T 9 : !
MOV+ ?+ DOES S8 ,= T : IS 2+ MOV$ *ANGES
XS PLACE Z A :OLE3 B ! GR[+ ?+ *ANGES XS
PLACE L A METAL T IS 2+ B1T51 RETA9+ XS
POSI;N Z A :OLE :ILE XS "PS *ANGE _!
PLACES4 ,!Y *ANGE _! PLACES1 B N 9 !
SAME WAY Z ! "PS (A REVOLV+ GLOBE4 ,=!
"PS (! GLOBE *ANGE _! PLACES :ILE ! :OLE
3T9UES 6O3UPY AN EQUAL PLACE3 B ! "PS (!
R[+ ?+ EXP& OV] AN "E-9CR1S+ PLACE &!
"PS (! DIM9I%+ ?+ 3TRACT )9 AN "E-
DIM9I%+ >EA4
  ,X IS CLE>1 !N1 T ^! *ANGES-! *ANGES (
T : IS -+-TO-BE1 ( T : IS ,8ALT]+0'1 &(
T : IS GR[+-DI6] 9 MANN] Z WELL Z 9
SPH]E4 ,B H[ >E WE 63CV ! ,8SPH]E0' (!
*ANGE : IS GR[? & DIM9U;N8 ,! SPH]E0' (
GR[+ & DIM9I%+ IS 2LIEV$ 6BE MAGNITUDE4
,>E WE 6SUPPOSE T BODY & MAGNITUDE -E-
TO-BE \ ( "S?+ :1 ?\< POT5TI,Y MAGNITUDE
& BODY1 IS ACTU,Y 9CORPOR1L & DEVOID (
MAGNITUDE8 ,& S9CE ? DESCRIP;N MAY 2
"U/OOD 9 TWO DI6]5T WAYS1 9 : ( ^! TWO
WAYS >E WE 6APPLY X 6! PROCESS ( GR[?8
,IS ! MATT]1 \ ( : GR[? TAKES PLACE1 7I7
,8SEP>ATE0' & EXI/+ AL"O 0XF1 OR 7;II7
,8SEP>ATE0' B 3TA9$ 9 ANO!R BODY8
  ,P]H X IS IMPOSSI# = GR[? 6TAKE PLACE
9 EI ( ^! WAYS4 ,= S9CE ! MATT] IS
,8SEP>ATE0'1 EI 7A7 X W O3UPY NO PLACE
7Z IF X 7 A PO9T71 OR 7B7 X W 2 A
,8VOID0'1 I4E4 A NON-P]CEPTI# BODY4 ,B !
F/ ( ^! ALT]NATIVES IS IMPOSSI#4 ,= S9CE
:AT -ES-TO-BE \ ( ? 9CORPOR1L & SIZE.S
"S?+ W ALW 2 ,8"S":0'1 X TOO M/ 2
,8"S":'-EI 9TR9SIC,Y OR 9DIRECTLY4 ,&!
SECOND ALT]NATIVE NECESS>ILY IMPLIES T !
MATT] IS 3TA9$ 9 "S O!R BODY4 ,B IF X IS
6BE ,8IN0' ANO!R BODY & YET REMA9S
,8SEP>ATE0' 9 S* A WAY T X IS 9 NO S5SE
A "P ( T BODY 7NEI A "P ( XS SUB/ANTIAL
2+ NOR AN ,8A3ID5T0' ( X71 _M
IMPOSSIBILITIES W RESULT4 ,X IS Z IF WE
7 6SUPPOSE T :51 E4G4 AIR -ES-TO-BE \ (
WAT] ! PROCESS 7 DUE N 6A *ANGE (! B 6!
MATT] (! AIR 2+ ,83TA9$ IN0' ! WAT] Z 9
A VESSEL4 ,? IS IMPOSSI#4 ,= 7I7 "! IS
NO?+ 6PREV5T AN 9DET]M9ATE NUMB] (
MATT]S 2+ ?US ,83TA9$ IN0' ! WAT]1 S T
!Y MI<T -E-TO-BE ACTU,Y AN 9DET]M9ATE
QUANT;Y ( AIR2 & 7;II7 WE D N 9 FACT SEE
AIR -+-TO-BE \ ( WAT] 9 ? FA%ION1 VIZ4
)DRAW+ \ ( X & L1V+ X UN*ANG$4
  ,X IS "!=E BETT] 6SUPPOSE T 9 ALL
9/.ES ( -+-TO-BE ! MATT] IS 9SEP>A#1 2+
NUM]IC,Y ID5TICAL & "O )! ,83TA9+0'
BODY1 ?\< ISOLA# F X 0DEF9I;N4 ,B ! SAME
R1SONS AL =BID U 6REG>D ! MATT]1 \ ( : !
BODY -ES-TO-BE1 Z PO9TS OR L9ES4 ,!
MATT] IS T ( : PO9TS & L9ES >E LIMITS1 &
X IS "S?+ T C N"E EXI/ )\T QUAL;Y & )\T
=M4
  ,N[ X IS NO D\BT TRUE1 Z WE H AL
E/ABLI%$ ELSE":10' T "O ?+ ,8-ES-TOBE0'
7IN ! UNQUALIFI$ S5SE7 \ ( ANO!R ?+3 &
FUR!R X IS TRUE T ! E6ICI5T CAUSE ( XS
-+-TO-BE IS EI 7I7 AN ACTUAL ?+ 7: IS !
SAME Z ! E6ECT EI G5]IC,Y-OR ! E6ICI5T
CAUSE (! -+-TO-BE (A H>D ?+ IS N A H>D
?+ OR SPECIFIC,Y1 Z E4G4 FIRE IS !
E6ICI5T CAUSE (! -+-TO-BE ( FIRE OR "O
MAN (! BIR? ( ANO!R71 OR 7;II7 AN
ACTUAL;Y4 ,N"E!.S1 S9CE "! IS AL A MATT]
\ ( : CORPOR1L SUB/.E XF -ES-TO-BE
7CORPOR1L SUB/.E1 H["E1 ALR "*IZ$ Z S*-
&-S* A DET]M9ATE BODY1 = "! IS NO S* ?+
Z BODY 9 G5]AL71 ? SAME MATT] IS AL !
MATT] ( MAGNITUDE & QUAL;Y-2+ SEP>A# F
^! MATT]S 0DEF9I;N1 B N SEP>A# 9 PLACE
UN.S ,QUALITIES >E1 9 _! TURN1 SEP>A#4
  ,X IS EVID5T1 F ! PREC$+ DEVELOP;T &
4CUS.N ( DI6ICULTIES1 T GR[? IS N A
*ANGE \ ( "S?+ :1 ?\< POT5TI,Y A
MAGNITUDE1 ACTU,Y POSSESSES NO
MAGNITUDE4 ,=1 IF X W]E1 ! ,8VOID0' WD
EXI/ 9 SEP>,N2 B WE H EXPLA9$ 9 A =M]
"W0' T ? IS IMPOSSI#4 ,MOREOV]1 A *ANGE
( T K9D IS N PECULI>LY 4T9CTIVE ( GR[?1
B "*IZES -+-TO-BE Z S* OR 9 G5]AL4 ,=
GR[? IS AN 9CR1SE1 & DIM9U;N IS A
LESS5+1 (! MAGNITUDE : IS "! ALR-T1
9DE$1 IS :Y ! GR[+ ?+ M/ POSSESS "S
MAGNITUDE4 ,H;E GR[? M/ N 2 REG>D$ Z A
PROCESS F A MATT] )\T MAGNITUDE 6AN
ACTUAL;Y ( MAGNITUDE3 = ? WD 2 A BODY'S
-+-TO-BE R ?AN XS GR[?4
  ,WE M/ "!=E -E 6CLOS] QU>T]S )!
SUBJECT ( \R 9QUIRY4 ,WE M/ GRAPPLE0' )
X 7Z X W]E7 F XS 2G9N+1 & DET]M9E !
PRECISE "* (! GR[+ & DIM9I%+ ^: CAUSES
WE >E 9VE/IGAT+4
  ,X IS EVID5T 7I7 T ANY & E "P (! GR[+
?+ HAS 9CR1S$1 & T SIMIL>LY 9 DIM9U;N E
"P HAS 2COME SMALL]3 AL 7;II7 T A ?+
GR[S 0! A3ES.N1 & DIM9I%ES 0! DE"PURE1 (
"S?+4 ,H;E X M/ GR[ 0! A3ES.N EI 7A7 (
"S?+ 9CORPOR1L OR 7B7 (A BODY4 ,N[1 IF
7A7 X GR[S 0! A3ES.N ( "S?+ 9CORPOR1L1
"! W EXI/ SEP>ATE A VOID3 B 7Z WE H /AT$
2F70' IS IMPOSSI# =A MATT] ( MAGNITUDE
6EXI/ ,8SEP>ATE0'4 ,IF1 ON ! O!R H& 7B7
X GR[S 0! A3ES.N (A BODY1 "! W 2 TWO
BODIES-T : GR[S & T : 9CR1SES X-IN !
SAME PLACE3 & ? TOO IS IMPOSSI#4
  ,B NEI IS X OP5 6U 6SAY T GR[? OR
DIM9U;N O3URS 9 ! WAY 9 : E4G4 AIR IS
G5]AT$ F WAT]4 ,=1 AL? ! VOLUME HAS !N
2COME GRT]1 ! *ANGE W N 2 GR[?1 B A -+
TO-BE (! "O-VIZ4 ( T 96: ! *ANGE IS TAK+
PLACE-&A PASS+-AWAY (! 3TRA/$ BODY4 ,X
IS N A GR[? ( EI4 ,NO?+ GR[S 9 !
PROCESS2 UN.S 9DE$ "! 2 "S?+ -MON 6BO?
?+S 76T : IS -+-TO-BE & 6T : PASS$-
AWAY71 E4G4 ,8BODY0'1 & ? GR[S4 ,! WAT]
HAS N GR[N1 NOR HAS ! AIR3 B ! =M] HAS
PASS$-AWAY &! LATT] HAS -E-TO-BE1 &-IF
ANY?+ HAS GR[N-"! HAS BE5 A GR[? (
,8BODY40' ,YET ? TOO IS IMPOSSI#4 ,= \R
A3.T ( GR[? M/ PRES]VE ! "*I/ICS ( T :
IS GR[+ & DIM9I%+4 ,& ^! "*I/ICS >E
?REE3 7I7 ANY & E "P (! GR[+ MAGNITUDE
IS MADE BI7] 7E4G4 IF FLE% GR[S1 E
"PICLE (! FLE% GETS BI7]71 7;II7 0!
A3ES.N ( "S?+1 & 7;III7 9 S* A WAY T !
GR[+ ?+ IS PRES]V$ & P]SI/S4 ,= ":AS A
?+ DOES N P]SI/ 9 ! PROCESSES (
UNQUALIFI$ -+-TO-BE OR PASS+-AWAY1 T :
GR[S OR ,8ALT]S0' P]SI/S 9 XS ID5T;Y "?
! ,8ALT]+0' & "? ! GR[+ OR DIM9I%+1 ?\<
! QUAL;Y 7IN ,8ALT],N0'7 &! SIZE 7IN
GR[?7 D N REMA9 ! SAME4 ,N[ IF ! G5],N (
AIR F WAT] IS 6BE REG>D$ Z GR[?1 A ?+
MI<T GR[ )\T ! A3ES.N 7& )\T ! P]SI/;E7
( ANY?+1 & DIM9I% )\T ! DE"PURE ( ANY?+-
& T : GR[S NE$ N P]SI/4 ,B ? "*I/IC M/ 2
PRES]V$3 =! GR[? WE >E 4CUSS+ HAS BE5
ASSUM$ 6BE ?US "*IZ$4
  ,"O MI<T RAISE A FUR!R DI6ICULTY4 ,:AT
IS ,8T : GR[S0'8 ,IS X T 6: "S?+ IS A4$8
,IF1 E4G4 A MAN GR[S 9 8 %91 IS X ! %9 :
IS GRT]-B N T ,8":BY0' HE GR[S1 VIZ4 N !
FOOD8 ,!N :Y H N BO? ,8GR[N0'8 ,= :5 ,A
IS A4$ TO ;,B1 BO? ;,A & ;,B >E GRT]1 Z
:5 Y MIX W9E ) WAT]2 = EA* 9GR$I5T IS
ALIKE 9CR1S$ 9 VOLUME4 ,P]H ! EXPLAN,N
IS T ! SUB/.E (! "O REMA9S UN*ANG$1 B !
SUB/.E (! O!R 7VIZ4 (! FOOD7 DOES N4 ,=
9DE$1 EV5 9 ! MIXTURE ( W9E & WAT]1 X IS
! PREVAIL+ 9GR$I5T : IS SD 6H 9CR1S$ 9
VOLUME4 ,WE SAY1 E4G4 T ! W9E HAS
9CR1S$1 2C ! :OLE MIXTURE ACTS Z W9E B N
Z WAT]4 ,A SIMIL> PR9CIPLE APPLIES AL TO
,8ALT],N0'4 ,FLE% IS SD 6H BE5 ,8ALT]$0'
IF1 :ILE XS "* & SUB/.E REMA91 "S "O (
XS ESS5TIAL PROP]TIES1 : 0 N "! 2F1 N[
QUALIFIES X3 ON ! O!R H&1 T ,8":BY0' X
HAS BE5 ,8ALT]$0' MAY H "UG"O NO *ANGE1
?\< "S"TS X TOO HAS BE5 A6ECT$4 ,! ALT]+
AG5T1 H["E1 &! ORIG9ATIVE S\RCE (!
PROCESS >E 9 ! GR[+ ?+ & 9 T : IS 2+
,8ALT]$0'3 =! E6ICI5T CAUSE IS 9 ^!4 ,NO
D\BT ! FOOD1 : HAS -E IN1 MAY "S"TS EXP&
Z WELL Z ! BODY T HAS 3SUM$ X 7T IS S1
E4G4 IF1 AF HAV+ -E IN1 A FOOD IS 3V]T$
96W9D71 B :5 X HAS "UG"O ? *ANGE X HAS
PASS$AWAY3 &! E6ICI5T CAUSE IS N 9 !
FOOD4
  ,WE H N[ DEVELOP$ ! DI6ICULTIES
SU6ICI5TLY & M/ "!=E TRY 6F9D A SOLU;N (
! PRO#M4 ,\R SOLU;N M/ PRES]VE 9TACT !
?REE "*I/ICS ( GR[?-T ! GR[+ ?+ P]SI/S1
T X GR[S 0! A3ES.N 7& DIM9I%ES 0!
DE"PURE7 ( "S?+1 & FUR!R T E P]CEPTI#
"PICLE ( X HAS 2COME EI L>G] OR SMALL]4
,WE M/ RECOGNIZE AL 7A7 T ! GR[+ BODY IS
N ,8VOID0' & T YET "! >E N TWO
MAGNITUDES 9 ! SAME PLACE1 & 7B7 T X
DOES N GR[ 0! A3ES.N ( "S?+ 9CORPOR1L4
  ,TWO PRELIM9>Y 4T9C;NS W PREP>E U
6GRASP ! CAUSE ( GR[?4 ,WE M/ NOTE 7I7 T
! ORGANIC "PS GR[ 0! GR[? (! TISSUES 7=
E ORGAN IS -POS$ ( ^! Z XS 3/ITU5TS72 &
7;II7 T FLE%1 B"O1 & E S* "P-L E O!R ?+
: HAS XS =M IMM]S$ 9 MATT]-HAS A TWOFOLD
NATURE3 =! =M Z WELL Z ! MATT] IS CALL$
,8FLE%0' OR ,8B"O0'4
  ,N[1 T ANY & E "P (! TISSUE QUA =M %D
GR[-& GR[ 0! A3ES.N ( "S?+-IS POSSI#1 B
N T ANY & E "P (! TISSUE QUA MATT] %D D
S4 ,= WE M/ ?9K (! TISSUE AF ! IMAGE (
FL[+ WAT] T IS M1SUR$ 0"O &! SAME
M1SURE3 "PICLE AF "PICLE -ES-TO-BE1 &
EA* SU3ESSIVE "PICLE IS DI6]5T4 ,& X IS
9 ? S5SE T ! MATT] (! FLE% GR[S1 "S FL[+
\ & "S FL[+ 9 FRE%2 N 9 ! S5SE T FRE%
MATT] A3$ES 6E "PICLE ( X4 ,"! IS1 H["E1
AN A3ES.N 6E "P ( XS FIGURE OR ,8=M0'4
  ,T GR[? HAS TAK5 PLACE PROPOR;N,Y1 IS
M MANIFE/ 9 ! ORGANIC "PS-E4G4 9 ! H&4
,= "! ! FACT T ! MATT] IS 4T9CT F ! =M
IS M MANIFE/ ?AN 9 FLE%1 I4E4 ?AN 9 !
TISSUES4 ,T IS :Y "! IS A GRT] T5D5CY
6SUPPOSE T A CORPSE / POSSESSES FLE% &
B"O ?AN T X / HAS A H& OR AN >M4
  ,H;E 9 "O S5SE X IS TRUE T ANY & E "P
(! FLE% HAS GR[N2 B 9 ANO!R S5SE X IS
FALSE4 ,= "! HAS BE5 AN A3ES.N 6E "P (!
FLE% 9 RESPECT 6XS =M1 B N 9 RESPECT 6XS
MATT]4 ,! :OLE1 H["E1 HAS 2COME L>G]4 ,&
? 9CR1SE IS DUE 7A7 ON ! "O H& 6! A3ES.N
( "S?+1 : IS CALL$ ,8FOOD0' & IS SD 6BE
,83TR>Y0' 6FLE%1 B 7B7 ON ! O!R H& 6!
TRANS=M,N ( ? FOOD 96! SAME =M Z T (
FLE% Z IF1 E4G4 ,8MOI/0' 7 6A3$E TO
,8DRY0' &1 HAV+ A3$$1 7 6BE TRANS=M$ &
62COME ,8DRY0'4 ,= 9 "O S5SE ,8,L GR[S
0,L0'1 B 9 ANO!R S5SE ,8,UNLIKE GR[S
0,UNLIKE0'4
  ,"O MI<T 4CUSS :AT M/ 2 ! "* ( T
,8":BY0' A ?+ GR[S4 ,CLE>LY X M/ 2
POT5TI,Y T : IS GR[+-POT5TI,Y FLE%1 E4G4
IF X IS FLE% T IS GR[+4 ,ACTU,Y1 "!=E1 X
M/ 2 ,8O!R0' ?AN ! GR[+ ?+4 ,? ,8ACTUAL
O!R0'1 !N1 HAS PASS$-AWAY & -E-TO-BE
FLE%4 ,B X HAS N BE5 TRANS=M$ 96FLE%
AL"O 0XF 7= T WD H BE5 A -+-TO-BE1 N A
GR[?73 ON ! 3TR>Y1 X IS ! GR[+ ?+ : HAS
-E-TO-BE FLE% 7& GR[N7 0! FOOD4 ,9 :AT
WAY1 !N1 HAS ! FOOD BE5 MODIFI$ 0! GR[+
?+8 ,P]H WE %D SAY T X HAS BE5 ,8MIX$0'
) X1 Z IF "O 7 6P\R WAT] 96W9E &! W9E 7
A# 63V]T ! NEW 9GR$I5T 96W9E4 ,& Z FIRE
LAYS HOLD (! 9FLAMMA#1 S ! ACTIVE
PR9CIPLE ( GR[?1 DWELL+ 9 ! GR[+ ?+ T :
IS ACTU,Y FLE%71 LAYS HOLD ( AN A3$+
FOOD : IS POT5TI,Y FLE% & 3V]TS X
96ACTUAL FLE%4 ,! A3$+ FOOD1 "!=E1 M/ 2
TGR )! GR[+ ?+3 = IF X 7 A"P F X1 !
*ANGE WD 2 A -+-TO-BE4 ,= X IS POSSI#
6PRODUCE FIRE 0PIL+ LOGS ON 6! ALR BURN+
FIRE4 ,T IS ,8GR[?0'4 ,B :5 ! LOGS !MVS
>E SET ON FIRE1 T IS ,8-+-TO-BE0'4
  ,8,QUANTUM-IN-G5]AL0' DOES N -E-TO-BE
ANY M ?AN ,8ANIMAL0' : IS NEI MAN NOR
ANY O!R (! SPECIFIC =MS ( ANIMAL3 :AT
,8ANIMAL-IN-G5]AL0' IS 9 -+-TO-BE1 T
,8QUANTUM-IN-G5]AL0' IS 9 GR[?4 ,B :AT
DOES -E-TO-BE 9 GR[? IS FLE% OR B"O-OR A
H& OR >M 7I4E4 ! TISSUES ( ^! ORGANIC
"PS74 ,S* ?+S -E-TO-BE1 !N1 0! A3ES.N N
( QUANTIFI$-FLE% B (A QUANTIFI$-"S?+4 ,9
S F> Z ? A3$+ FOOD IS POT5TI,Y ! D\#
RESULT E4G4 IS POT5TI,Y S-M*-FLE%-X
PRODUCES GR[?3 = X IS B.D 62COME ACTU,Y
BO? S-M* & FLE%4 ,B 9 S F> Z X IS
POT5TI,Y FLE% ONLY1 X N\RI%ES3 = X IS
?US T ,8NUTRI;N0' & ,8GR[?0' DI6] 0_!
DEF9I;N4 ,T IS :Y A BODY'S' NUTRI;N0'
3T9UES S L;G Z X IS KEPT ALIVE 7EV5 :5 X
IS DIM9I%+71 ?\< N XS ,8GR[?0'2 & :Y
NUTRI;N1 ?\< ,8! SAME0' Z GR[?1 IS YET
DI6]5T F X 9 XS ACTUAL 2+4 ,= 9 S F> Z T
: A3$ES IS POT5TI,Y ,8S M*-FLE%0' X T5DS
69CR1SE FLE%3 ":AS1 9 S F> Z X IS
POT5TI,Y ,8FLE%0' ONLY1 X IS N\RI%;T4
  ,! =M ( : WE H SPOK5 IS A K9D ( P[]
IMM]S$ 9 MATT]-A DUCT1 Z X W]E4 ,IF1 !N1
A MATT] A3$ES-A MATT]1 : IS POT5TI,Y A
DUCT & AL POT5TI,Y POSSESSES DET]M9ATE
QUANT;Y ! DUCTS 6: X A3$ES W 2COME BI7]4
,B IF X IS NO L;G] A# 6ACT-IF X HAS BE5
W1K5$ 0! 3T9U$ 9FLUX ( MATT]1 J Z WAT]1
3T9U,Y MIX$ 9 GRT] & GRT] QUANT;Y ) W9E1
9 ! 5D MAKES ! W9E WAT]Y & 3V]TS X
96WAT]-!N X W CAUSE A DIM9U;N (!
QUANTUM2 ?\< / ! =M P]SI/S4
                   #F
  7,IN 4CUSS+ ! CAUSES ( -+-TOBE7 WE M/
F/ 9VE/IGATE ! MATT]1 I4E4 ! S-CALL$
,8ELE;TS0'4 ,WE M/ ASK :E!R !Y RE,Y >E
CLE;TS OR N1 I4E4 :E!R EA* ( !M IS
ET]NAL OR :E!R "! IS A S5SE 9 : !Y -E-
TO-BE3 &1 IF !Y D -E-TO-BE1 :E!R ALL (
!M -E-TO-BE 9 ! SAME MANN] RECIPROC,Y \
( "O ANO!R1 OR :E!R "O AM;G/ !M IS "S?+
PRIM>Y4 ,H;E WE M/ 2G9 0EXPLA9+ C]TA9
PRELIM9>Y MATT]S1 AB : ! /ATE;TS N[
CURR5T >E VAGUE4
  ,= ALL 7! PLURALI/ PHILOSOPH]S7- ^? :O
G5]ATE ! ,8ELE;TS0' Z WELL Z ^? :O
G5]ATE ! BODIES T >E -P.D$ (! ELE;TS-
MAKE USE ( ,84SOCI,N0' & ,8ASSOCI,N0'1 &
( ,8AC;N0' & ,8PAS.N0'4 ,N[ ,8ASSOCI,N0'
IS ,8-B9,N0'2 B ! PRECISE M1N+ (!
PROCESS WE CALL ,8-B9+0' HAS N BE5
EXPLA9$4 ,AG1 7ALL ! MONI/S MAKE USE (
,8ALT],N0'3 B7 )\T AN AG5T &A PATI5T "!
_C 2 ,8ALT]+0' ANY M ?AN "! C 2
,84SOCIAT+0' & ,8ASSOCIAT+0'4 ,= N ONLY
^? :O PO/ULATE A PLURAL;Y ( ELE;TS
EMPLOY _! RECIPROCAL AC;N & PAS.N
6G5]ATE ! -P.DS3 ^? :O DERIVE ?+S F A
S+LE ELE;T >E EQU,Y -PELL$ 69TRODUCE
,8ACT+0'4 ,& 9 ? RESPECT ,DIOG5ES IS "R
:5 HE >GUES T ,8UN.S ALL ?+S 7 DERIV$ F
"O1 RECIPROCAL AC;N & PAS.N CD N H
O3URR$0'4 ,! HOT ?+1 E4G4 WD N 2 COOL$ &
! COLD ?+ 9 TURN 2 W>M$3 = H1T & COLD D
N *ANGE RECIPROC,Y 96"O ANO!R1 B :AT
*ANGES 7X IS CLE>7 IS ! SUB/RATUM4 ,H;E1
:5"E "! IS AC;N & PAS.N 2T TWO ?+S1 T :
"ULIES !M M/ 2 A S+LE "S?+4 ,NO D\BT1 X
IS N TRUE 6SAY T ALL ?+S >E ( ? "*3 B X
IS TRUE ( ALL ?+S 2T : "! IS RECIPROCAL
AC;N & PAS.N4
  ,B IF WE M/ 9VE/IGATE ,8AC;N-PAS.N0' &
,8-B9,N0'1 WE M/ AL 9VE/IGATE ,83TACT0'4
,= AC;N & PAS.N 7IN ! PROP] S5SE (!
T]MS7 C ONLY O3UR 2T ?+S : >E S* Z 6T\*
"O ANO!R2 NOR C ?+S 5T] 96-B9,N AT ALL
UN.S !Y H -E 96A C]TA9 K9D ( 3TACT4 ,H;E
WE M/ GIVE A DEF9ITE A3.T ( ^! ?REE ?+S-
( ,83TACT0'1 ,8-B9,N0'1 & ,8ACT+0'4
  ,LET U />T Z FOLL[S4 ,ALL ?+S : ADMIT
( ,8-B9,N0' M/ 2 CAPA# ( RECIPROCAL
3TACT3 &! SAME IS TRUE ( ANY TWO ?+S1 (
: "O ,8ACTS0' &! O!R ,8SU6]S AC;N0' 9 !
PROP] S5SE (! T]MS4 ,= ? R1SON WE M/
TR1T ( ,83TACT0' F/4 E T]M : POSSESSES A
V>IETY ( M1N+ 9CLUDES ^? V>I\S M1N+S EI
[+ 6A M]E CO9CID;E ( LANGUAGE1 OR [+ 6A
R1L ORD] ( D]IV,N 9 ! DI6]5T ?+S 6: X IS
APPLI$3 B1 ?\< ? MAY 2 TAK5 6HOLD (
,83TACT0' Z ( ALL S* T]MS1 X IS N"E!.S
TRUE T 3TACT0' 9 ! PROP] S5SE APPLIES
ONLY 6?+S : H ,8POSI;N0'4 ,& ,8POSI;N0'
2L;GS ONLY 6^? ?+S : AL H A ,PLACE0'3 =
9 S F> Z WE ATTRIBUTE ,83TACT0' 6!
MA!MATICAL ?+S1 WE M/ AL ATTRIBUTE
,8PLACE0' 6!M1 :E!R !Y EXI/ 9 SEP>,N OR
9 "S O!R FA%ION4 ,ASSUM+1 "!=E1 T
,86T\*0' IS-Z WE H DEF9$ X 9 A PREVI\S
"W0'-,86H ! EXTREMES TGR0'1 ONLY ^? ?+S
W T\* "O ANO!R :1 2+ SEP>ATE MAGNITUDES
& POSSESS+ POSI;N1 H _! EXTREMES
,8TGR0'4 ,& S9CE POSI;N 2L;GS ONLY 6^?
?+S : AL H A ,8PLACE0'1 :ILE ! PRIM>Y
DI6]5TI,N ( ,8PLACE0' IS ! ABV0' & ,8!
2L0' 7&! SIMIL> PAIRS ( OPPOSITES71 ALL
?+S : T\* "O ANO!R W H ,8WEI<T0' OR
,8LI<T;S0' EI BO? ^! QUALITIES OR "O OR
! O!R ( !M4 ,B BODIES : >E H1VY OR LI<T
>E S* Z TO ,8ACT0' & ,8SU6] AC;N0'4 ,H;E
X IS CLE> T ^? ?+S >E 0NATURE S* Z 6T\*
"O ANO!R1 : 72+ SEP>ATE MAGNITUDES7 H _!
EXTREMES ,8TGR0' & >E A# 6MOVE1 & 2 MOV$
BY1 "O ANO!R4
  ,! MANN] 9 : ! ,8MOV]0' MOVES ! MOV$0'
N ALW ! SAME3 ON ! 3TR>Y1 ":AS "O K9D (
,8MOV]0' C ONLY IM"P MO;N 02+ XF MOV$1
ANO!R K9D C D S ?\< REMA9+ XF UNMOV$4
,CLE>LY "!=E WE M/ RECOGNIZE A
CORRESPOND+ V>IETY 9 SP1K+ (! ,8ACT+0'
?+ TOO3 =! ,8MOV]0' IS SD TO ,8ACT0' 7IN
A S5SE7 &! ,8ACT+0' ?+ TO ,8IM"P MO;N0'4
,N"E!.S "! IS A DI6];E & WE M/ DRAW A
4T9C;N4 ,= N E ,8MOV]0' C ,8ACT0'1 IF
7A7 ! T]M ,8AG5T0' IS 6BE US$ 9 3TRA/ TO
,8PATI5T0' & 7B7 ,8PATI5T0' IS 6BE
APPLI$ ONLY 6^? ?+S ^: MO;N IS A
,8QUALITATIVE A6EC;N'-I4E4 A QUAL;Y1 L
:ITE0' OR ,8HOT0'1 9 RESPECT 6: !Y >E
MOV$0' ONLY 9 ! S5SE T !Y >E ,8ALT]$0'3
ON ! 3TR>Y1 TO ,8IM"P MO;N0' IS A WID]
T]M ?AN TO ,8ACT0'4 ,/1 S M*1 AT ANY
RATE1 IS CLE>3 ! ?+S : >E ,8S* Z 6IM"P
MO;N0'1 IF T DESCRIP;N 2 9T]PRET$ 9 "O
S5SE1 W T\* ! ?+S : >E ,8S* Z 6BE MOV$
0!M'-:ILE !Y W N T\* !M1 IF ! DESCRIP;N
2 9T]PRET$ 9 A DI6]5T S5SE4 ,B !
4JUNCTIVE DEF9I;N ( ,8T\*+0' M/ 9CLUDE &
4T+UI% 7A7 ,83TACT 9 G5]AL0' Z ! REL,N
2T TWO ?+S :1 HAV+ POSI;N1 >E S* T "O IS
A# 6IM"P MO;N &! O!R 6BE MOV$1 & 7B7
,8RECIPROCAL 3TACT0' Z ! REL,N 2T TWO
?+S1 "O A# 6IM"P MO;N &! O!R A# 6BE MOV$
9 S* A WAY T ,8AC;N & PAS.N0' >E PR$ICA#
( !M4
  ,Z A RULE1 NO D\BT1 IF ,A T\*ES ;,B1
;,B T\*ES ,A4 ,= 9DE$ PRACTIC,Y ALL !
,8MOV]S0' )9 \R ORD9>Y EXP]I;E IM"P MO;N
02+ MOV$3 9 _! CASE1 :AT T\*ES 9EVITABLY
M/1 & AL EVID5TLY DOES1 T\* "S?+ :
RECIPROC,Y T\*ES X4 ,YET1 IF ,A MOVES
;,B1 X IS POSSI#-Z WE "S"TS EXPRESS X-=
,A ,8M]ELY 6T\*0' ;,B1 & T : T\*ES NE$ N
T\* A "S?+ : T\*ES X4 ,N"E!.S X IS
-MONLY SUPPOS$ T ,8T\*+0' M/ 2
RECIPROCAL4 ,! R1SON ( ? 2LIEF IS T
,8MOV]S0' : 2L;G 6! SAME K9D Z !
,8MOV$0' IM"P MO;N 02+ MOV$4 ,H;E IF
ANY?+ IM"PS MO;N )\T XF 2+ MOV$1 X MAY
T\* ! ,8MOV$0' & YET XF 2 T\*$ 0NO?+-=
WE SAY "S"TS T ! MAN :O GRIEVES U
,8T\*ES0' U1 B N T WE ,8T\*0' HM4
  ,! A3.T J GIV5 MAY S]VE 64T+UI% &
DEF9E ! ,83TACT0' : O3URS 9 ! ?+S (
,NATURE4
                   #G
  ,NEXT 9 ORD] WE M/ 4CUSS ,8AC;N0' &
,8PAS.N0'4 ,! TRADI;NAL !ORIES ON !
SUBJECT >E 3FLICT+4 ,= 7I7 MO/ ?9K]S >E
UNANIM\S 9 MA9TA9+ 7A7 T ,8L0' IS ALW
UNA6ECT$ BY ,8L0'1 2C 7Z !Y >GUE7 NEI (
TWO ,8LIKES0' IS M APT ?AN ! O!R EI 6ACT
OR 6SU6] AC;N1 S9CE ALL ! PROP]TIES :
2L;G 6! "O 2L;G ID5TIC,Y & 9 ! SAME
DEGREE 6! O!R2 & 7B7 T ,8UNLIKES0'1 I4E4
,8DI6]5TS0'1 >E 0NATURE S* Z 6ACT & SU6]
AC;N RECIPROC,Y4 ,= EV5 :5 ! SMALL] FIRE
IS DE/ROY$ 0! GRT]1 X SU6]S ? E6ECT 7!Y
SAY7 [+ 6XS ,83TR>IETY0' S9CE ! GRT IS
3TR>Y 6! SMALL4 ,B 7;II7 ,DEMOCRITUS
4S5T$ F ALL ! O!R ?9K]S & MA9TA9$ A !ORY
PECULI> 6HMF4 ,HE ASS]TS T AG5T & PATI5T
>E ID5TICAL1 I4E4 ,8L0'4 ,X IS N POSSI#
7HE SAYS7 T ,8O!RS0'1 I4E4 ,8DI6]5TS0'1
%D SU6] AC;N F "O ANO!R3 ON ! 3TR>Y1 EV5
IF TWO ?+S1 2+ ,8O!RS0'1 D ACT 9 "S WAY
ON "O ANO!R1 ? HAPP5S 6!M N QUA ,8O!RS0'
B QUA POSSESS+ AN ID5TICAL PROP]TY4
  ,S*1 !N1 >E ! TRADI;NAL !ORIES1 & X
LOOKS Z IF ! /ATE;TS ( _! ADVOCATES 7 9
MANIFE/ 3FLICT4 ,B ! R1SON ( ? 3FLICT IS
T EA* GR\P IS 9 FACT /AT+ A "P1 ":AS !Y
"\ 6H TAK5 A -PREH5SIVE VIEW (! SUBJECT
Z A :OLE4 ,= 7I7 IF ;,A & ;,B >E ,8L'-
ABSOLUTELY & 9 ALL RESPECTS )\T DI6];E F
"O ANO!R -X IS R1SONA# 69F] T NEI IS 9
ANY WAY A6ECT$ 0! O!R4 ,:Y1 9DE$1 %D EI
( !M T5D 6ACT ANY M ?AN ! O!R8 ,MOREOV]1
IF ,8L0' C 2 A6ECT$ BY ,8L0'1 A ?+ C AL
2 A6ECT$ 0XF3 & YET IF T 7 S-IF ,8L0'
T5D$ 9 FACT 6ACT QUA ,8L'-"! WD 2 NO?+
9DE/RUCTI# OR IMMOVA#1 = "EY?+ WD MOVE
XF4 ,& 7;II7 ! SAME 3SEQU;E FOLL[S IF
;,A & ;,B >E ABSOLUTELY ,8O!R0'1 I4E4 9
NO RESPECT ID5TICAL4 ,:ITE;S CD N 2
A6ECT$ 9 ANY WAY 0L9E NOR L9E 0:ISE;S-
EXCEPT P]H ,8CO9CID5T,Y0'1 VIZ4 IF ! L9E
HAPP5$ 6BE :ITE OR BLACK3 = UN.S TWO ?+S
EI >E1 OR >E -POS$ (1 ,83TR>IES0'1 NEI
DRIVES ! O!R \ ( XS NATURAL 3DI;N4 ,B
7;III7 S9CE ONLY ^? ?+S : EI 9VOLVE A
,83TR>IETY0' OR >E ,83TR>IES'-& N ANY
?+S SELECT$ AT R&OM->E S* Z 6SU6] AC;N &
6ACT1 AG5T & PATI5T M/ 2 ,8L0' 7I4E4
ID5TICAL7 9 K9D & YET ,8UNLIKE0' 7I4E4
3TR>Y7 9 SPECIES4 7,= X IS A LAW (
NATURE T BODY IS A6ECT$ 0BODY1 FLAV\R
0FLAV\R1 COL\R 0COL\R1 & S 9 G5]AL :AT
2L;GS 6ANY K9D 0A MEMB] (! SAME K9D-!
R1SON 2+ T ,83TR>IES0' >E 9 E CASE )9 A
S+LE ID5TICAL K9D1 & X IS ,83TR>IES0' :
RECIPROC,Y ACT & SU6] AC;N47 ,H;E AG5T &
PATI5T M/ 2 9 "O S5SE ID5TICAL1 B 9
ANO!R S5SE O!R ?AN 7I4E4 ,8UNLIKE0'7 "O
ANO!R4 ,& S9CE 7A7 PATI5T & AG5T >E
G5]IC,Y ID5TICAL 7I4E4 ,8L0'7 B
SPECIFIC,Y ,8UNLIKE0'1 :ILE 7B7 X IS
,83TR>IES0' T EXHIBIT ? "*3 X IS CLE> T
,83TR>IES0' & _! ,89T]M$IATES0' >E S* Z
6SU6] AC;N & 6ACT RECIPROC,Y-= 9DE$ X IS
^! T 3/ITUTE ! 5TIRE SPH]E ( PASS+-AWAY
& -+-TO-BE4
  ,WE C N[ "U/& :Y FIRE H1TS &! COLD ?+
COOLS1 & 9 G5]AL :Y ! ACTIVE ?+
ASSIMILATES 6XF ! PATI5T4 ,= AG5T &
PATI5T >E 3TR>Y 6"O ANO!R1 & -+-TO-BE IS
A PROCESS 96! 3TR>Y3 H;E ! PATI5T M/
*ANGE 96! AG5T1 S9CE X IS ONLY ?US T -+-
TO 2 W 2 A PROCESS 96! 3TR>Y4 ,&1 AG1 X
IS 9TELLIGI# T ! ADVOCATES ( BO? VIEWS1
AL? _! !ORIES >E N ! SAME1 >E YET 9
3TACT )! NATURE (! FACTS4 ,= "S"TS WE
SP1K (! SUB/RATUM Z SU6]+ AC;N 7E4G4 (
,8! MAN0' Z 2+ H1L$1 2+ W>M$ & *ILL$1 &
SIMIL>LY 9 ALL ! O!R CASES71 B AT O!R
"TS WE SAY ,8:AT IS COLD IS ,82+ W>M$0'1
,8:AT IS SICK IS 2+ H1L$0'3 & 9 BO? ^!
WAYS ( SP1K+ WE EXPRESS ! TRU?1 S9CE 9
"O S5SE X IS ! ,8MATT]0'1 :ILE 9 ANO!R
S5SE X IS ! ,83TR>Y0'1 : SU6]S AC;N4
7,WE MAKE ! SAME 4T9C;N 9 SP1K+ (! AG5T3
= "S"TS WE SAY T ,8! MAN0'1 B AT O!R "TS
T ,8:AT IS HOT0'1 PRODUCES H1T47 ,N[ !
"O GR\P ( ?9K]S SUPPOS$ T AG5T & PATI5T
M/ POSSESS "S?+ ID5TICAL1 2C !Y FA/5$ _!
ATT5;N ON ! SUB/RATUM3 :ILE ! O!R GR\P
MA9TA9$ ! OPPOSITE 2C _! ATT5;N 0
3C5TRAT$ ON ! ,83TR>IES0'4 ,WE M/ 3CV !
SAME A3.T 6HOLD ( AC;N & PAS.N Z T : IS
TRUE ( ,82+ MOV$0' & ,8IM"P+ MO;N0'4 ,=!
,8MOV]0'1 L ! ,8AG5T0'1 HAS TWO M1N+S4
,BO? 7A7 T : 3TA9S ! ORIG9ATIVE S\RCE (!
MO;N IS ?"\ TO ,8IM"P MO;N0' 7=!
ORIG9ATIVE S\RCE IS F/ AM;G/ ! CAUSES71
& AL 7B7 T : IS LA/1 I4E4 IMMLY NEXT 6!
MOV$ ?+ & 6! -+-TO-BE4 ,A SIMIL> 4T9C;N
HOLDS AL (! AG5T3 = WE SP1K N ONLY 7A7 (
! DOCTOR1 B AL 7B7 (! W9E1 Z H1L+4 ,N[1
9 MO;N1 "! IS NO?+ 6PREV5T ! FIRS2 MOV]
2+ UNMOV$ 79DE$1 Z REG>DS "S ,8F/0'
MOV]S' ? IS ACTU,Y NEC7 AL? ! LA/ MOV]
ALW IM"PS MO;N 02+ XF MOV$3 &1 9 AC;N1
"! IS NO?+ 6PREV5T ! F/ AG5T 2+
UNA6ECT$1 :ILE ! LA/ AG5T ONLY ACTS
0SU6]+ AC;N XF4 ,= AG5T & PATI5T H N !
SAME MATT]1 AG5T ACTS )\T 2+ A6ECT$3 ?US
! >T ( H1L+ PRODUCES H1L? )\T XF 2+ ACT$
^U 9 ANY WAY 0T : IS 2+ H1L$4 ,B 7B7 !
FOOD1 9 ACT+1 IS XF 9 "S WAY ACT$ ^U3 =1
9 ACT+1 X IS SIMULTANE\SLY H1T$ OR COOL$
OR O!RWISE A6ECT$4 ,N[ ! >T ( H1L+
CORRESPONDS 6AN ,8ORIG9ATIVE S\RCE0'1
:ILE ! FOOD CORRESPONDS TO ,8! LA/0'
7I4E4 ,83T9U\S0'7 MOV]4
  ,^? ACTIVE P[]S1 !N1 ^: =MS >E N
EMBODI$ 9 MATT]1 >E UNA6ECT$3 B ^? ^:
=MS >E 9 MATT] >E S* Z 6BE A6ECT$ 9
ACT+4 ,= WE MA9TA9 T "O &! SAME
,8MATT]0' IS EQU,Y1 S 6SAY1 ! BASIS ( EI
(! TWO OPPOS$ ?+S-2+ Z X 7 A ,8K9D0'2 &
T T : C HE HOT M/ 2 MADE HOT1 PROVID$ !
H1T+ AG5T IS "!1 I4E4 -ES NE>4 ,H;E 7Z
WE H SD7 "S (! ACTIVE P[]S >E UNA6ECT$
:ILE O!RS >E S* Z 6BE A6ECT$2 & :AT
HOLDS ( MO;N IS TRUE AL (! ACTIVE P[]S4
,= Z 9 MO;N ,8! F/ MOV]0' IS UNMOV$1 S
AM;G ! ACTIVE P[]S ,8! F/ AG5T0' IS
UNA6ECT$4
  ,! ACTIVE P[] IS A ,8CAUSE0' 9 ! S5SE
( T F : ! PROCESS ORIG9ATES3 B ! 5D1 =!
SAKE ( : X TAKES PLACE1 IS N ,8ACTIVE0'4
7,T IS :Y H1L? IS N ,8ACTIVE0'1 EXCEPT
METAPHORIC,Y47 ,= :5 ! AG5T IS "!1 !
PATI5T HE-COMES "S?+3 B :5 ,8/ATES0' >E
"!1 ! PATI5T NO L;G] 2COMES B ALR IS-&
,8=MS0' 7I4E4 L5DS0'7 >E A K9D (
,8/ATE0'4 ,Z 6! ,8MATT]0'1 X 7QUA MATT]7
IS PASSIVE4 ,N[ FIRE 3TA9S ,8! HOT0'
EMBODI$ 9 MATT]3 B A ,8HOT0' SEP>ATE F
MATT] 7IF S* A ?+ EXI/$7 CD N SU6] ANY
AC;N4 ,P]H1 9DE$1 X IS IMPOSSI# T ,8!
HOT0' %D EXI/ 9 SEP>,N F MATT]3 B IF "!
>E ANY 5TITIES ?US SEP>A#1 :AT WE >E
SAY+ WD 2 TRUE ( !M4
  ,WE H ?US EXPLA9$ :AT AC;N & PAS.N >E1
:AT ?+S EXHIBIT !M1 :Y !Y D S1 & 9 :AT
MANN]4 ,WE M/ G ON 64CUSS H[ X IS POSSI#
= AC;N & PAS.N 6TAKE PLACE4
                   #H
  ,"S PHILOSOPH]S ?9K T ! ,8LA/0' AG5T-!
,8AG5T0' 9 ! /RICTE/ S5SE-5T]S 9 "?
C]TA9 PORES1 & S ! PATI5T SU6]S AC;N4 ,X
IS 9 ? WAY1 !Y ASS]T1 T WE SEE & HE> &
EX]CISE ALL \R O!R S5SES4 ,MOREOV]1 AC
6!M1 ?+S >E SE5 "? AIR & WAT] & O!R
TRANSP>5T BODIES1 2C S* BODIES POSSESS
PORES1 9VISI# 9DE$ [+ 6_! M9UTE;S1 B
CLOSE-SET & >RANG$ 9 R[S3 &! M TRANSP>5T
! BODY1 ! M FREQU5T & S]IAL !Y SUPPOSE
XS PORES 6BE4 ,S* 0 ! !ORY : "S
PHILOSOPH]S 79DUD+ ,EMP$OCLES7 ADV.ED 9
REG>D 6! /RUCTURE ( C]TA9 BODIES4 ,!Y D
N RE/RICT X 6! BODIES : ACT & SU6] AC;N3
B ,8-B9,N0' TOO1 !Y SAY1 TAKES PLACE
,8ONLY 2T BODIES ^: PORES >E 9
RECIPROCAL SYMMETRY0'4 ,! MO/ SY/EMATIC
& 3SI/5T !ORY1 H["E1 & "O T APPLI$ 6ALL
BODIES1 0 ADV.ED 0,LEUCIPPUS &
,DEMOCRITUS3 &1 9 MA9TA9+ X1 !Y TOOK Z
_! />T+-PO9T :AT NATUR,Y -ES F/4
  ,= "S (! OLD] PHILOSOPH]S ?"\ T ,8:AT
IS0' M/ ( NECESS;Y 2 ,8"O0' & IMMOVA#4
,! VOID1 !Y >GUE1 ,8IS N0'3 B UN.S "! IS
A VOID )A SEP>ATE 2+ ( XS [N1 ,8:AT IS0'
_C 2 MOV$-NOR AG C X 2 ,8_M0'1 S9CE "!
IS NO?+ 6KEEP ?+S A"P4 ,& 9 ? RESPECT1
!Y 9SI/1 ! VIEW T ! UNIV]SE IS N
,83T9U\S0' B ,84CRETES-IN-3TACT0' IS NO
BETT] ?AN ! VIEW T "! >E ,8_M0' 7& N
,8"O0'7 &A VOID4 ,= 7SUPPOSE T ! UNIV]SE
IS 4CRETES-IN-3TACT4 ,!N71 IF X IS
DIVISI# "? & "?1 "! IS NO ,8"O0'1 & "!=E
NO ,8_M0' EI1 B ! ,:OLE IS VOID2 :ILE
6MA9TA9 T X IS DIVISI# AT "S PO9TS1 B N
AT O!RS1 LOOKS L AN >BITR>Y FIC;N4 ,= UP
6:AT LIMIT IS X DIVISI#8 ,&= :AT R1SON
IS "P (! ,:OLE 9DIVISI#1 I4E4 A PL5UM1 &
"P DIVID$8 ,FUR!R1 !Y MA9TA91 X IS EQU,Y
NEC 6D5Y ! EXI/;E ( MO;N4
  ,R1SON+ 9 ? WAY1 "!=E1 !Y 7 L$
6TRANSC5D S5SE-P]CEP;N1 & 64REG>D X ON !
GR.D T ,8"O "\ 6FOLL[ ! >GU;T0'3 & S !Y
ASS]T T ! UNIV]SE IS ,8"O0' & IMMOVA#4
,"S ( !M ADD T X IS ,89F9ITE0'1 S9CE !
LIMIT 7IF X _H "O7 WD 2 A LIMIT AG/ !
VOID4
  ,"! W]E1 !N1 C]TA9 ?9K]S :O1 =! R1SONS
WE H /AT$1 ENUNCIAT$ VIEWS ( ? K9D Z _!
!ORY ( ,8,! ,TRU?0' '''4 ,MOREOV]1 AL?
^! OP9IONS APPE> 6FOLL[ LOGIC,Y 9 A
DIALECTICAL 4CUS.N1 YET 62LIEVE !M SEEMS
NEXT DOOR 6MAD;S :5 "O 3SID]S ! FACTS4
,= 9DE$ NO LUNATIC SEEMS 6BE S F> \ ( 8
S5SES Z 6SUPPOSE T FIRE & ICE >E ,8"O0'3
X IS ONLY 2T :AT IS "R & :AT SEEMS "R F
HABIT1 T "S P >E MAD 5 6SEE NO DI6];E4
  ,LEUCIPPUS1 H["E1 ?"\ HE _H A !ORY :
H>MONIZ$ ) S5SE-P]CEP;N & WD N ABOLI% EI
-+-TO-BE & PASS+-AWAY OR MO;N &!
MULTIPLIC;Y ( ?+S4 ,HE MADE ^! 3CES.NS
6! FACTS ( P]CEP;N3 ON ! O!R H&1 HE 3C$$
6! ,MONI/S T "! CD 2 NO MO;N )\T A VOID4
,! RESULT IS A !ORY : HE /ATES Z FOLL[S3
,8,! VOID IS A 8N 2+01 & NO "P ( 8:AT
IS0 IS A 8N-2+02 = :AT 8IS0 9 ! /RICT
S5SE (! T]M IS AN ABSOLUTE PL5UM4 ,?
PL5UM1 H["E1 IS N 8"O03 ON ! 3TR>Y1 X IS
A _M0 9F9ITE 9 NUMB] & 9VISI# [+ 6!
M9UTE;S ( _! BULK4 ,! 8_M0 MOVE 9 ! VOID
7= "! IS A VOID73 & 0-+ TGR !Y PRODUCE
8-+ TO-BE01 :ILE 0SEP>AT+ !Y PRODUCE
8PASS+-AWAY04 ,MOREOV]1 !Y ACT & SU6]
AC;N :]"E !Y *.E 6BE 9 3TACT 7= "! !Y >E
N 8"O071 & !Y G5]ATE 02+ PUT TGR & 2COM+
9T]TW9$4 ,F ! G5U9ELY-"O1 ON ! O!R H&1
"! N"E CD H -E-TO-BE A MULTIPLIC;Y1 NOR
F ! G5U9ELY-_M A 8"O03 T IS IMPOSSI#4
,B0' 7J Z ,EMP$OCLES & "S (! O!R
PHILOSOPH]S SAY T ?+S SU6] AC;N "? _!
PORES1 S7 ,8ALL 8ALT],N0 & ALL 8PAS.N0
TAKE PLACE 9 ! WAY T HAS BE5 EXPLA9$3
BR1K+-UP 7I4E4 PASS+-AWAY7 IS E6ECT$
0M1NS (! VOID1 & S TOO IS GR[?-SOLIDS
CREEP+ 9 6FILL ! VOID PLACES40'
,EMP$OCLES TOO IS PRACTIC,Y B.D 6ADOPT !
SAME !ORY Z ,LEUCIPPUS4 ,= HE M/ SAY T
"! >E C]TA9 SOLIDS :1 H["E1 >E 9DIVISI#-
UN.S "! >E 3T9U\S PORES ALL "? ! BODY4
,B ? LA/ ALT]NATIVE IS IMPOSSI#3 = !N "!
W 2 NO?+ SOLID 9 ! BODY 7NO?+ 2S !
PORES7 B ALL ( X W 2 VOID4 ,X IS NEC1
"!=E1 = 8 ,83TIGU\S 4CRETES0' 6BE
9DIVISI#1 :ILE ! 9T]VALS 2T !M-: HE
CALLS ,8PORES'-M/ 2 VOID4 ,B ? IS
PRECISELY ,LEUCIPPUS0' !ORY ( AC;N &
PAS.N4
  ,S*1 APPROXIMATELY1 >E ! CURR5T
EXPLAN,NS (! MANN] 9 : "S ?+S ,8ACT0'
:ILE O!RS ,8SU6] AC;N0'4 ,& Z REG>DS !
,ATOMI/S1 X IS N ONLY CLE> :AT _!
EXPLAN,N IS3 X IS AL OBVI\S T X FOLL[S )
TOL]A# 3SI/5CY F ! ASSUMP;NS !Y EMPLOY4
,B "! IS LESS OBVI\S 3SI/5CY 9 !
EXPLAN,N (F]$ 0! O!R ?9K]S4 ,X IS N
CLE>1 = 9/.E1 H[1 ON ! !ORY (
,EMP$OCLES1 "! IS 6BE ,8PASS+-AWAY0' Z
WELL Z ,8ALT],N0'4 ,=! PRIM>Y BODIES (!
,ATOMI/S-! PRIM>Y 3/ITU5TS ( : BODIES >E
-POS$1 &! ULTIMATE ELE;TS 96: !Y >E
4SOLV$->E 9DIVISI#1 DI6]+ F "O ANO!R
ONLY 9 FIGURE4 ,9 ! PHILOSOPHY (
,EMP$OCLES1 ON ! O!R H&1 X IS EVID5T T
ALL ! O!R BODIES D[N 6! ,8ELE;TS0' H _!
-+-TO-BE & _! PASS+AWAY3 B X IS N CLE>
H[ ! ,8ELE;TS0' !MVS1 S"E,Y 9 _!
A7REGAT$ MASSES1 -E-TO-BE & PASS-AWAY4
,NOR IS X POSSI# = ,EMP$OCLES 6EXPLA9 H[
!Y D S1 S9CE HE DOES N ASS]T T ,FIRE TOO
7& SIMIL>LY E "O ( 8 O!R ,8ELE;TS0'7
POSSESSES ,8ELE;T>Y 3/ITU5TS0' ( XF4
  ,S* AN ASS];N WD -MIT HM 6DOCTR9ES L
^? : ,PLATO HAS SET =? 9 ! ,TIMAEUS4 ,=
AL? BO? ,PLATO & ,LEUCIPPUS PO/ULATE
ELE;T>Y 3/ITU5TS T >E 9DIVISI# &
4T9CTIVELY "*IZ$ 0FIGURES1 "! IS ? GRT
DI6];E 2T ! TWO !ORIES3 ! ,89DIVISI#S0'
( ,LEUCIPPUS 7I7 >E SOLIDS1 :ILE ^? (
,PLATO >E PLANES1 & 7;II7 >E "*IZ$ 0AN
9F9ITE V>IETY ( FIGURES1 :ILE ! "*IZ+
FIGURES EMPLOY$ 0,PLATO >E LIMIT$ 9
NUMB]4 ,?US ! ,8-+S-TO-BE0' &!
,84SOCI,NS0' RESULT F ! ,89DIVISI#S0'
7A7 AC 6,LEUCIPPUS "? ! VOID & "? 3TACT
7= X IS AT ! PO9T ( 3TACT T EA* (!
-POSITE BODIES IS DIVISI#71 B 7B7 AC
6,PLATO 9 VIRTUE ( 3TACT AL"O1 S9CE HE
D5IES "! IS A VOID4
  ,N[ WE H 4CUSS$ ,89DIVISI# PLANES' 9 !
PREC$+ TR1TISE40' ,B ) REG>D 6! ASSUMP;N
( ,89DIVISI# SOLIDS0'1 AL? WE M/ N N[
5T] ^U A DETAIL$ /UDY ( XS 3SEQU;ES1 !
FOLL[+ CRITICISMS FALL )9 ! -PASS (A
%ORT DIGRES.N3 I4 ,! ,ATOMI/S >E -MITT$
6! VIEW T E ,89DIVISI#0' IS 9CAPA# ALIKE
( RCVG A S5SI# PROP]TY 7= NO?+ C ,8SU6]
AC;N0' EXCEPT "? ! VOID7 &( PRODUC+ "O-
NO ,89DIVISI#0' C BE1 E4G4 EI H>D OR
COLD4 ,YET X IS SURELY A P>ADOX T AN
EXCEP;N IS MADE ( ,8! HOT0'-,8! HOT0' 2+
ASSIGN$ Z PECULI> 6! SPH]ICAL FIGURE3 =1
T 2+ S1 XS ,83TR>Y0' AL 7,8! COLD0'7 IS
B.D 62L;G 6ANO!R (! FIGURES4 ,IF1 H["E1
^! PROP]TIES 7H1T & COLD7 D 2L;G 6!
,89DIVISI#S0'1 X IS A FUR!R P>ADOX T !Y
%D N POSSESS H1VI;S & LI<T;S1 & H>D;S &
S(T;S4 ,& YET ,DEMOCRITUS SAYS ,8! M ANY
9DIVISI# EXCE$S1 ! H1VI] X IS'-6: WE M/
CLE>LY ADD ,8&! HOTT] X IS0'4 ,B IF T IS
_! "*1 X IS IMPOSSI# !Y %D N 2 A6ECT$
0"O ANO!R3 ! ,8SLI<TLY-HOT 9DIVISI#0'1
E4G4 W 9EVITABLY SU6] AC;N F "O : F>
EXCE$S X 9 H1T4 ,AG1 IF ANY ,89DIVISI#0'
IS ,8H>D0'1 "! M/ AL 2 "O : IS ,8S(T0'3
B ,8! S(T0' DERIVES XS V "N F ! FACT T X
SU6]S A C]TA9 AC;N-= ,8S(T0' IS T :
YIELDS 6PRESSURE4
  ,,II4 ,B FUR!R1 N ONLY IS X P>ADOXICAL
7I7 T NO PROP]TY EXCEPT FIGURE %D 2L;G
6! ,89DIVISI#S0'3 X IS AL P>ADOXICAL
7;II7 T1 IF O!R PROP]TIES D 2L;G 6!M1 "O
ONLY ( ^! A4I;NAL PROP]TIES %D ATTA*
6EA*-E4G4 T ? ,89DIVISI#0' %D 2 COLD & T
,89DIVISI#0' HOT4 ,=1 ON T SUPPOSI;N1 _!
SUB/.E WD N EV5 2 UNI=M4 ,& X IS EQU,Y
IMPOSSI# 7;III7 T M ?AN "O ( ^! A4I;NAL
PROP]TIES %D 2L;G 6! S+LE ,89DIVISI#0'4
,=1 2+ 9DIVISI#1 X W POSSESS ^!
PROP]TIES 9 ! SAME PO9T-S T1 IF X
,8SU6]S AC;N0' 02+ *ILL$1 X W AL1 QUA
*ILL$1 ,8ACT0' OR ,8SU6] AC;N0' 9 "S O!R
WAY4 ,&! SAME L9E ( >GU;T APPLIES 6ALL !
O!R PROP]TIES TOO3 =! DI6ICULTY WE H J
RAIS$ 3FRONTS1 Z A NEC 3SEQU;E1 ALL :O
ADVOCATE ,89DIVISI#S0' 7:E!R SOLIDS OR
PLANES71 S9CE _! ,89DIVISI#S0' _C 2COME
EI ,8R>]0' OR ,8D]S]0' 9ASM* Z "! IS NO
VOID 9 !M4
  ,,III4 ,X IS A FUR!R P>ADOX T "! %D 2
SMALL ,89DIVISI#S0'1 B N L>GE "OS4 ,= X
IS NATURAL 5\<1 F ! ORD9>Y PO9T ( VIEW1
T ! L>G] BODIES %D 2 M LIA# 6FRACTURE
?AN ! SMALL "OS1 S9CE !Y 7VIZ4 ! L>GE
BODIES7 >E EASILY BROK5 UP 2C !Y COLLIDE
) _M O!R BODIES4 ,B :Y %D 9DIVISIBIL;Y Z
S* 2 ! PROP]TY ( SMALL1 R ?AN ( L>GE1
BODIES8
  ,,IV4 ,AG1 IS ! SUB/.E ( ALL ^? SOLIDS
UNI=M1 OR D !Y FALL 96SETS : DI6] F "O
ANO!R-Z IF1 E4G4 "S ( !M1 9 _! A7REGAT$
BULK1 7 ,8FI]Y0'1 O!RS E>?Y0'8 ,= 7I7 IF
ALL ( !M >E UNI=M 9 SUB/.E1 :AT IS X T
SEP>AT$ "O F ANO!R8 ,OR :Y1 :5 !Y -E
963TACT1 D !Y N COALESCE 96"O1 Z DROPS (
WAT] RUN TGR :5 DROP T\*ES DROP 7=! TWO
CASES >E PRECISELY P>ALLEL78 ,ON ! O!R
H& 7;II7 IF !Y FALL 96DI6]+ SETS1 H[ >E
^! "*IZ$8 ,X IS CLE>1 TOO1 T ^!1 R ?AN !
,8FIGURES0'1 "\ 6BE PO/ULAT$ Z ,8ORIG9AL
R1LS0'1 I4E4 CAUSES F : ! PH5OM5A
RESULT4 ,MOREOV]1 IF !Y DI6]$ 9 SUB/.E1
!Y WD BO? ACT & SU6] AC;N ON -+
96RECIPROCAL 3TACT4
  ,V4 ,AG1 :AT IS X : SETS !M MOV+8 ,=
IF _! ,8MOV]0' IS O!R ?AN !MVS1 !Y >E S*
Z TO ,8SU6] AC;N0'4 ,IF1 ON ! O!R H&1
EA* ( !M SETS XF 9 MO;N1 EI 7A7 X W 2
DIVISI# 7,8IM"P+ MO;N0' QUA ?1 ,82+
MOV$0' QUA T71 OR 7B7 3TR>Y PROP]TIES W
ATTA* 6X 9 ! SAME RESPECT-I4E4 ,8MATT]0'
W 2 ID5TICAL IN-POT5TIAL;Y Z WELL Z
NUM]IC,Y-ID5TICAL4
  ,Z 6! ?9K]S :O EXPLA9 MODIFIC,N (
PROP]TY "? ! MOVE;T FACILITAT$ 0! PORES1
IF ? IS SUPPOS$ 6O3UR NOT)/&+ ! FACT T !
PORES >E FILL$1 _! PO/ULATE ( PORES IS
SUP]FLU\S4 ,= IF ! :OLE BODY SU6]S AC;N
"U ^! 3DI;NS1 X WD SU6] AC;N 9 ! SAME
WAY EV5 IF X _H NO PORES B 7 J XS [N
3T9U\S SELF4 ,MOREOV]1 H[ C _! A3.T (
,8VI.N "? A M$IUM0' 2 CORRECT8 ,X IS
IMPOSSI# = 7! VISUAL RAY7 6P5ETRATE !
TRANSP>5T BODIES AT _! ,83TACTS0'2 &
IMPOSSI# = X 6PASS "? _! PORES IF E PORE
2 FULL4 ,= H[ W T DI6] F HAV+ NO PORES
AT ALL8 ,! BODY W 2 UNI=MLY ,8FULL0'
"?\T4 ,B1 FUR!R1 EV5 IF ^! PASSAGES1 ?\<
!Y M/ 3TA9 BODIES1 >E ,8VOID0'1 ! SAME
3SEQU;E W FOLL[ ONCE M4 ,& IF !Y >E
,8TOO M9UTE 6ADMIT ANY BODY0'1 X IS
ABSURD 6SUPPOSE "! IS A ,8M9UTE0' VOID &
YET 6D5Y ! EXI/;E (A ,8BIG0' "O 7NO
MATT] H[ SMALL ! ,8BIG0' MAY BE71 OR
6IMAG9E ,8! VOID0' M1NS ANY?+ ELSE ?AN A
BODY'S PLACE-:;E X CLE>LY FOLL[S T 6E
BODY "! W CORRESPOND A VOID ( EQUAL
CUBIC CAPAC;Y4
  ,Z A G5]AL CRITICISM WE M/ URGE T
6PO/ULATE PORES IS SUP]FLU\S4 ,= IF !
AG5T PRODUCES NO E6ECT 0T\*+ ! PATI5T1
NEI W X PRODUCE ANY 0PASS+ "? XS PORES4
,ON ! O!R H&1 IF X ACTS 03TACT1 !N-EV5
)\T PORES-"S ?+S W ,8SU6] AC;N0' & O!RS
W ,8ACT0'1 PROVID$ !Y >E 0NATURE ADAPT$
= RECIPROCAL AC;N & PAS.N4 ,\R >GU;TS H
%[N T X IS EI FALSE OR FUTILE 6ADVOCATE
PORES 9 ! S5SE 9 : "S ?9K]S 3CV !M4 ,B
S9CE BODIES >E DIVISI# "? & "?1 !
PO/ULATE ( PORES IS RIDICUL\S3 =1 QUA
DIVISI#1 A BODY C FALL 96SEP>ATE "PS4
                   #I
  ,LET EXPLA9 ! WAY 9 : ?+S 9 FACT
POSSESS ! P[] ( G5]AT+1 &( ACT+ & SU6]+
AC;N3 & LET U />T F ! PR9CIPLE WE H (T5
ENUNCIAT$4 ,=1 ASSUM+ ! 4T9C;N 2T 7A7 T
: IS POT5TI,Y & 7B7 T : IS ACTU,Y S*-&-
S*1 X IS ! NATURE (! F/1 PRECISELY 9 S
F> Z X IS :AT X IS1 6SU6] AC;N "? & "?1
N M]ELY 6BE SUSCEPTI# 9 "S "PS :ILE
9SUSCEPTI# 9 O!RS4 ,B XS SUSCEPTIBIL;Y
V>IES 9 DEGREE1 AC Z X IS M OR LESS2 S*-
& S*1 & "O WD 2 M JU/IFI$ 9 SP1K+ (
,8PORES0' 9 ? 3NEXION3 = 9/.E1 9 !
METALS "! >E VE9S ( ,8! SUSCEPTI#0'
/RET*+ 3T9U\SLY "? ! SUB/.E4
  ,S L;G1 9DE$1 Z ANY BODY IS NATUR,Y
COH]5T & "O1 X IS 9SUSCEPTI#4 ,S1 TOO1
BODIES >E 9SUSCEPTI# S L;G Z !Y >E N 9
3TACT EI ) "O ANO!R OR ) O!R BODIES : >E
0NATURE S* Z 6ACT & SU6] AC;N4
7,6ILLU/RATE MY M1N+3 ,FIRE H1TS N ONLY
:5 9 3TACT1 B AL F A 4T.E4 ,=! FIRE H1TS
! AIR1 &! AIR-2+ 0NATURE S* Z BO? 6ACT &
SU6] AC;N-H1TS ! BODY47 ,B ! SUPPOSI;N T
A BODY IS ,8SUSCEPTI# 9 "S "PS1 B
9SUSCEPTI# 9 O!RS0' 7IS ONLY POSSI# = ^?
:O HOLD AN ]RONE\S VIEW 3C]N+ !
DIVISIBIL;Y ( MAGNITUDES4 ,= U7 ! FOLL[+
A3.T RESULTS F ! 4T9C;NS WE E/ABLI%$ AT
! 2G9N+4 ,= 7I7 IF MAGNITUDES >E N
DIVISI# "? & "?-IF1 ON ! 3TR>Y1 "! >E
9DIVISI# SOLIDS OR PLANES-!N 9DE$ NO
BODY WD 2 SUSCEPTI# "? & "? @3B NEI WD
ANY 2 3T9U\S4 ,S9CE1 H["E1 7;II7 ? IS
FALSE1 I4E4 S9CE E BODY IS DIVISI#1 "!
IS NO DI6];E 2T ,8HAV+ BE5 DIVID$ 96"PS
: REMA9 9 3TACT0' & ,82+ DIVISI#0'4 ,=
IF A BODY ,8C 2 SEP>AT$ AT ! 3TACTS0' 7Z
"S ?9K]S EXPRESS X71 !N1 EV5 ?\< X HAS N
YET BE5 DIVID$1 X W 2 9 A /ATE (
DIVID$;S-S9CE1 Z X C 2 DIVID$1 NO?+
9CONCEIVA# RESULTS4 ,& 7;III7 ! SUPOSI;N
IS OP5 6? G5]AL OBJEC;N-X IS A P>ADOX T
,8PAS.N0' %D O3UR 9 ? MANN] ONLY1 VIZ4
0! BODIES 2+ SPLIT4 ,= ? !ORY ABOLI%ES
,8ALT],N0'3 B WE SEE ! SAME BODY LIQUID
AT "O "T & SOLID AT ANO!R1 )\T LOS+ XS
3T9U;Y4 ,X HAS SU6]$ ? *ANGE N BY
,8DIVI.N0' & -POSI;N0'1 NOR YET BY
,8TURN+0' & ,89T]CONTACT0' Z ,DEMOCRITUS
ASS]TS2 = X HAS PASS$ F ! LIQUID 6!
SOLID /ATE )\T ANY *ANGE ( ,8GR\P+0' OR
,8POSI;N0' 9 ! 3/ITU5TS ( XS SUB/.E4
,NOR >E "! 3TA9$ )9 X ^? ,8H>D0' 7I4E4
3G1L$7 "PICLES ,89DIVISI# 9 _! BULK0'3
ON ! 3TR>Y1 X IS LIQUID-& AG1 SOLID &
3G1L$-UNI=MLY ALL "?4 ,? !ORY1 X M/ 2
A4$1 MAKES GR[? & DIM9U;N IMPOSSI# AL4
,= IF "! IS 6BE OPPOSI;N 79/1D (! GR[+
?+ HAV+ *ANG$ Z A :OLE1 EI 0! ADMIXTURE
( "S?+ OR 0XS [N TRANS=M,N71 9CR1SE (
SIZE W N H RESULT$ 9 ANY & E "P4
  ,S M*1 !N1 6E/ABLI% T ?+S G5]ATE & >E
G5]AT$1 ACT & SU6] AC;N1 RECIPROC,Y2 &
64T+UI% ! WAY 9 : ^! PROCESSES C O3UR F
! 7IMPOSSI#7 WAY 9 : "S ?9K]S SAY !Y
O3UR4

                  #AJ
  ,B WE H / 6EXPLA9 ,8-B9,N0'1 = T 0 !
?IRD (! SUBJECTS WE ORIG9,Y PROPOS$
64CUSS4 ,\R EXPLAN,N W PROCE$ ON ! SAME
ME?OD Z 2F4 ,WE M/ 9QUIRE3 ,:AT IS
,8-B9,N0'1 & :AT IS T : C ,8-B9E0'8 ,(
:AT ?+S1 & "U :AT 3DI;NS1 IS ,8-B9,N0' A
PROP]TY8 ,&1 FUR!R1 DOES ,8-B9,N0' EXI/
9 FACT1 OR IS X FALSE 6ASS]T XS EXI/;E8
  ,=1 AC 6"S ?9K]S1 X IS IMPOSSI# = "O
?+ 6BE -B9$ ) ANO!R4 ,!Y >GUE T 7I7 IF
BO? ! ,8-B9$0' 3/ITU5TS P]SI/ UNALT]$1
!Y >E NO M ,8-B9$0' N[ ?AN !Y 7 2F1 B >E
9 ! SAME 3DI;N3 :ILE 7;II7 IF "O HAS BE5
DE/ROY$1 ! 3/ITU5TS H N BE5 ,8-B9$'-ON !
3TR>Y1 "O 3/ITU5T IS &! O!R IS N1 ":AS
,8-B9,N0' DEM&S UNI=M;Y ( 3DI;N 9 !M
BO?3 & ON ! SAME PR9CIPLE 7;III7 EV5 IF
BO? ! -B9+ 3/ITU5TS H BE5 DE/ROY$ Z !
RESULT ( _! COALESC;E1 !Y _C ,8H BE5
-B9$0' S9CE !Y H NO 2+ AT ALL4
  ,:AT WE H 9 ? >GU;T IS1 X WD SEEM1 A
DEM& =! PRECISE 4T9C;N ( ,8-B9,N0' F -+-
TO-BE & PASS+AWAY 7= X IS OBVI\S T
,8-B9,N0'1 IF X EXI/S1 M/ DI6] F ^!
PROCESSES7 &=! PRECISE 4T9C;N (!
,8-B9A#0' F T : IS S* Z 6-E-TO-BE &
PASS-AWAY4 ,Z SOON1 "!=E1 Z ^! 4T9C;NS
>E CLE>1 ! DI6ICULTIES RAIS$ 0! >GU;T WD
2 SOLV$4
  ,N[ 7I7 WE D N SP1K (! WOOD Z ,8-B9$0'
)! FIRE1 NOR ( XS BURN+ Z A ,8-B9+0' EI
( XS "PICLES ) "O ANO!R OR ( XF )! FIRE3
:AT WE SAY IS T ,8! FIRE IS -+-TO-BE1 B
! WOOD IS ,8PASS+-AWAY0'4 ,SIMIL>LY1 WE
SP1K NEI 7;II7 (! FOOD Z ,8-B9+0' )!
BODY1 NOR 7;III7 (! %APE Z ,8-B9+0' )!
WAX & ?US FA%ION+ ! LUMP4 ,NOR C BODY
,8-B9E0' ) :ITE1 NOR 76G5]ALIZE7
,8PROP]TIES0' & ,8/ATES0' ) ,8?+S0'3 =
WE SEE !M P]SI/+ UNALT]$4 ,B AG 7;IV7
:ITE & K _C 2 ,8-B9$0' EI1 NOR ANY O!R (
! ,8ADJECTIVALS0'4 7,9DE$1 ? IS A BLEMI%
9 ! !ORY ( ^? :O ASS]T T ,8ONCE ^U A "T
ALL ?+S 7 TGR & -B9$0'4 ,= N "EY?+ C
,8-B9E0' ) "EY?+4 ,ON ! 3TR>Y1 BO? (!
3/ITU5TS T >E -B9$ 9 ! -P.D M/ ORIG9,Y H
EXI/$ 9 SEP>,N3 B NO PROP]TY C H SEP>ATE
EXI/;E47
  ,S9CE1 H["E1 "S ?+S >E-POT5TI,Y :ILE
O!RS >E-ACTU,Y1 ! 3/ITU5TS -B9$ 9 A -P.D
C ,8BE0' 9 A S5SE & YET ,8N-BE0'4 ,!
-P.D MAY HE-ACTU,Y O!R ?AN ! 3/ITU5TS F
: X HAS RESULT$2 N"E!.S EA* ( !M MAY /
HE-POT5TI,Y :AT X 0 2F !Y 7 -B9$1 & BO?
( !M MAY SURVIVE UNDE/ROY$4 7,= ? 0 !
DI6ICULTY T EM]G$ 9 ! PREVI\S >GU;T3 & X
IS EVID5T T ! -B9+ 3/ITU5TS N ONLY
COALESCE1 HAV+ =M]LY EXI/$ 9 SEP>,N1 B
AL C AG 2 SEP>AT$ \ F ! -P.D47 ,!
3/ITU5TS1 "!=E1 NEI 7A7 P]SI/ ACTU,Y1 Z
,8BODY0' & ,8:ITE0' P]SI/3 NOR 7B7 >E !Y
DE/ROY$ 7EI "O ( !M OR BO?71 = _! ,8P[]
( AC;N0' IS PRES]V$4 ,H;E ^! DI6ICULTIES
MAY 2 4MISS$3 B ! PRO#M IMMLY 3NECT$ )
!M-:E!R -B9,N IS "S?+ RELATIVE
6P]CEP;N0' M/ 2 SET \ & 4CUSS$4
  ,:5 ! -B9+ 3/ITU5TS H BE5 DIVID$ 96"PS
S SMALL1 & H BE5 JUXTAPOS$ 9 S* A MANN]1
T P]CEP;N FAILS 64CRIM9ATE !M "O F
ANO!R1 H !Y !N ,8BE5 -B9$ ,OR "\ WE 6SAY
,8,NO1 N UNTIL ANY & E "P ( "O 3/ITU5T
IS JUXTAPOS$ 6A "P (! O!R0'8 ,! T]M1 NO
D\BT1 IS APPLI$ 9 ! =M] S5SE3 WE SP1K1
E4G4 ( :1T HAV+ BE5 ,8-B9$0' ) B>LEY :5
EA* GRA9 (! "O IS JUXTAPOS$ 6A GRA9 (!
O!R4 ,B E BODY IS DIVISI# & "!=E1 S9CE
BODY ,8-B9$0' ) BODY IS UNI=M 9 TEXTURE
"?\T1 ANY & E "P ( EA* 3/ITU5T "\ 6BE
JUXTAPOS$ 6A "P (! O!R4
  ,NO BODY1 H["E1 C 2 DIVID$ 96XS
,8L1/0' "PS3 & ,8-POSI;N0' IS N ID5TICAL
) ,8-B9,N0'1 B O!R ?AN X4 ,F ^! PREMISES
X CLE>LY FOLL[S 7I7 T S L;G Z ! 3/ITU5TS
>E PRES]V$ 9 SMALL "PICLES1 WE M/ N SP1K
( !M Z ,8-B9$0'4 7,= ? W 2 A ,8-POSI;N0'
9/1D (A ,8BL5D+0' OR ,8-B9,N0'3 NOR W E
POR;N (! RESULTANT EXHIBIT ! SAME RATIO
2T XS 3/ITU5TS Z ! :OLE4 ,B WE MA9TA9 T1
IF ,8-B9,N0' HAS TAK5 PLACE1 ! -P.D M/ 2
UNI=M 9 TEXTURE "?\T-ANY "P ( S* A -P.D
2+ ! SAME Z ! :OLE1 J Z ANY "P ( WAT] IS
WAT]3 ":AS1 IF ,8-B9,N0' IS ,8-POSI;N (!
SMALL "PICLES0'1 NO?+ (! K9D W HAPP54
,ON ! 3TR>Y1 ! 3/ITU5TS W ONLY 2
,8-B9$0' RELATIVELY 6P]CEP;N3 &! SAME ?+
W 2 ,8-B9$0' 6"O P]CIPI5T1 IF 8 SI<T IS
N %>P1 7B N 6ANO!R17 :ILE 6! EYE (
,LYNCEUS NO?+ W 2 ,8-B9$0'47 ,X CLE>LY
FOLL[S 7;II7 T WE M/ N SP1K (! 3/ITU5TS
Z ,8-B9$ 9 VIRTUE (A DIVI.N S* T ANY & E
"P ( EA* IS JUXTAPOS$ 6A "P (! O!R3 = X
IS IMPOSSI# = !M 6BE ?US DIVID$4 ,EI1
!N1 "! IS NO ,8-B9,N0'1 OR WE H /
6EXPLA9 ! MANN] 9 : X C TAKE PLACE4
  ,N[1 Z WE MA9TA91 "S ?+S >E S* Z 6ACT
& O!RS S* Z 6SU6] AC;N F !M4 ,MOREOV]1
"S ?+S-VIZ4 ^? ,: H ! SAME MATT]-
,8RECIPROCATE0'1 I4E4 >E S* Z 6ACT ^U "O
ANO!R & 6SU6] AC;N F "O ANO!R2 :ILE O!R
?+S1 VIZ4 AG5TS : H N ! SAME MATT] Z _!
PATI5TS1 ACT )\T !MVS SU6]+ AC;N4 ,S*
AG5TS _C ,8-B9E'-T IS :Y NEI ! >T ( H1L+
NOR H1L? PRODUCES H1L? BY ,8-B9+0' )!
BODIES (! PATI5TS4 ,AM;G/ ^? ?+S1 H["E1
: >E RECIPROC,Y ACTIVE & PASSIVE1 "S >E
EASILY-DIVISI#4 ,N[ 7I7 IF A GRT QUANT;Y
7OR A L>GE BULK7 ( "O ( ^! EASILY-
DIVISI# ,8RECIPROCAT+0' MAT]IALS 2 BR"\
TGR )A LL 7OR )A SMALL PIECE7 ( ANO!R1 !
E6ECT PRODUC$ IS N ,8-B9,N0'1 B 9CR1SE (
! DOM9ANT3 =! O!R MAT]IAL IS TRANS=M$
96! DOM9ANT4 7,T IS :Y A DROP ( W9E DOES
N ,8-B9E0' ) T5 ?\S& GALLONS ( WAT]3 =
XS =M IS 4SOLV$1 & X IS *ANG$ S Z 6M]GE
9 ! TOTAL VOLUME ( WAT]47 ,ON ! O!R H&
7;II7 :5 "! IS A C]TA9 EQUILIBRIUM 2T _!
,8P[]S ( AC;N0'1 !N EA* ( !M *ANGES \ (
XS [N NATURE T[>DS ! DOM9ANT3 YET NEI
2COMES ! O!R1 B BO? 2COME AN 9T]M$IATE )
PROP]TIES -MON 6BO?4
  ,?US X IS CLE> T ONLY ^? AG5TS >E
,8-B9A#0' : 9VOLVE A 3TR>IETY-= ^! >E S*
Z 6SU6] AC;N RECIPROC,Y4 ,&1 FUR!R1 !Y
-B9E M FREELY IF SMALL PIECES ( EA* ( !M
>E JUXTAPOS$4 ,= 9 T 3DI;N !Y *ANGE "O
ANO!R M EASILY & M QKLY2 ":AS ? E6ECT
TAKES A L;G "T :5 AG5T & PATI5T >E
PRES5T 9 BULK4
  ,H;E1 AM;G/ ! DIVISI# SUSCEPTI#
MAT]IALS1 ^? ^: %APE IS R1DILY ADAPTA# H
A T5D5CY 6-B9E3 = !Y >E EASILY DIVID$
96SMALL "PICLES1 S9CE T IS PRECISELY :AT
,82+ R1DILY ADAPTA# 9 %APE0' IMPLIES4 ,=
9/.E1 LIQUIDS >E ! MO/ ,8-B9A#0' ( ALL
BODIES-2C1 ( ALL DIVISI# MAT]IALS1 !
LIQUID IS MO/ R1DILY ADAPTA# 9 %APE1
UN.S X 2 VISC\S4 ,VISC\S LIQUIDS1 X IS
TRUE1 PRODUCE NO E6ECT EXCEPT 69CR1SE !
VOLUME & BULK4 ,B :5 "O (! 3/ITU5TS IS
AL"O SUSCEPTI#-OR SUP]LATIVELY
SUSCEPTI#1 ! O!R 2+ SUSCEPTI# 9 A V
SLI<T DEGREE-! -P.D RESULT+ F _! -B9,N
IS EI NO GRT] 9 VOLUME OR ONLY A LL
GRT]4 ,? IS :AT HAPP5S :5 T9 IS -B9$ )
BRONZE4 ,= "S ?+S 4PLAY A HESITAT+ &
AMBIGU\S ATTITUDE T[>DS "O ANO!R-%[+ A
SLI<T T5D5CY 6-B9E & AL AN 9CL9,N 62HAVE
Z ,8RECEPTIVE MATT]0' & ,8=M0'
RESPECTIVELY4 ,! 2HAVI\R ( ^! METALS IS
A CASE 9 PO9T4 ,=! T9 ALM VANI%ES1 2HAV+
Z IF X 7 AN IMMAT]IAL PROP]TY (! BRONZE3
HAV+ BE5 -B9$1 X 4APPE>S1 L1V+ NO TRACE
EXCEPT ! COL\R X HAS IM"P$ 6! BRONZE4 ,!
SAME PH5OM5ON O3URS 9 O!R 9/.ES TOO4
  ,X IS CLE>1 !N1 F ! =EGO+ A3.T1 T
,8-B9,N0' O3URS1 :AT X IS1 6:AT X IS
DUE1 & :AT K9D ( ?+ IS ,8-B9A#0'4 ,!
PH5OM5ON DEP5DS ^U ! FACT T "S ?+S >E S*
Z 6BE 7A7 RECIPROC,Y SUSCEPTI# & 7B7
R1DILY ADAPTA# 9 %APE1 I4E4 EASILY
DIVISI#4 ,= S* ?+S C 2 ,8-B9$0' )\T XS
2+ NEC EI T !Y %D H BE5 DE/ROY$ OR T !Y
%D SURVIVE ABSOLUTELY UNALT]$3 & _!
,8-B9,N0' NE$ N 2 A ,8-POSI;N0'1 NOR
M]ELY ,8RELATIVE 6P]CEP;N0'4 ,ON !
3TR>Y3 ANY?+ IS ,8-B9A#0' :1 2+ R1DILY
ADAPTA# 9 %APE1 IS S* Z 6SU6] AC;N &
6ACT2 & X IS ,8-B9A# )0' ANO!R ?+
SIMIL>LY "*IZ$ 7=! ,8-B9A#0' IS RELATIVE
6! ,8-B9A#0'72 & ,8-B9,N0' IS UNIFIC,N (
! ,8-B9A#S0'1 RESULT+ F _! ,8ALT],N0'4
               ,BOOK ,,II
                   #A
  ,WE H EXPLA9$ "U :AT 3DI;NS ,8-B9,N0'1
,83TACT0'1 & ,8AC;N-PAS.N0' >E
ATTRIBUTA# 6! ?+S : "UGO NATURAL *ANGE4
,FUR!R1 WE H 4CUSS$ ,8UNQUALIFI$0' -+-
TO-BE & PASS+-AWAY1 & EXPLA9$ "U :AT
3DI;NS !Y >E PR$ICA#1 ( :AT SUBJECT1 &
[+ 6:AT CAUSE4 ,SIMIL>LY1 WE H AL 4CUSS$
,8ALT],N0'1 & EXPLA9$ :AT ,8ALT]+0' IS &
H[ X DI6]S F -+-TO-BE & PASS+-AWAY4 ,B
WE H / 69VE/IGATE ! S-CALL$ ,8ELE;TS0' (
BODIES4
  ,=! -PLEX SUB/.ES ^: =M,N & MA9T5.E >E
DUE 6NATURAL PROCESSES ALL PRESUPPOSE !
P]CEPTI# BODIES Z ! 3DI;N ( _! -+-TO-BE
& PASS+-AWAY3 B PHILOSOPH]S 4AGREE 9
REG>D 6! MATT] : "ULIES ^! P]CEPTI#
BODIES4 ,"S MA9TA9 X IS S+LE1 SUPPOS+ X
6BE1 E4G4 ,AIR OR ,FIRE1 OR AN
,89T]M$IATE0' 2T ^! TWO 7B / A BODY )A
SEP>ATE EXI/;E74 ,O!RS1 ON ! 3TR>Y1
PO/ULATE TWO OR M MAT]IALS-ASCRIB+ 6_!
,8ASSOCI,N0' & ,84SOCI,N0'1 OR 6_!
,8ALT],N0'1 ! -+-TO-BE & PASS+-AWAY (
?+S4 7,"S1 = 9/.E1 PO/ULATE ,FIRE &
,E>?3 "S ADD ,AIR1 MAK+ ?REE3 & "S1 L
,EMP$OCLES1 RECKON ,WAT] Z WELL1 ?US
PO/ULAT+ F\R47
  ,N[ WE MAY AGREE T ! PRIM>Y MAT]IALS1
^: *ANGE 7:E!R X 2 ,8ASSOCI,N &
4SOCI,N0' OR A PROCESS ( ANO!R K9D7
RESULTS 9 -+-TO-BE & PASS+AWAY1 >E "RLY
DESCRIB$ Z ,8ORIG9ATIVE S\RCES1 I4E4
ELE;TS0'4 ,B 7I7 ^? ?9K]S >E 9 ]ROR :O
PO/ULATE1 2S ! BODIES WE H M5;N$1 A S+LE
MATT]-& T CORPOR1L & SEP>A# MATT]4 ,= ?
,8BODY0' ( _!S _C POSSIBLY EXI/ )\T A
,8P]CEPTI# 3TR>IETY0'3 ? ,8,B.D.S0'1 :
"S ?9K]S ID5TIFY )! ,8ORIG9AL R1L0'1 M/
2 EI LI<T OR H1VY1 EI COLD OR HOT4 ,&
7;II7 :AT ,PLATO HAS WRITT5 9 ! ,TIMAEUS
IS N BAS$ ON ANY PRECISELY->TICULAT$
3CEP;N4 ,= HE HAS N /AT$ CLE>LY :E!R 8
,8,OMNIRECIPI5T0 EXI/S 9 SEP>,N F !
,8ELE;TS0'2 NOR DOES HE MAKE ANY USE (
X4 ,HE SAYS1 9DE$1 T X IS A SUB/RATUM
PRIOR 6! S-CALL$ ,8ELE;TS'-"ULY+ !M1 Z
GOLD "ULIES ! ?+S T >E FA%ION$ ( GOLD4
7,& YET ? -P>ISON1 IF ?US EXPRESS$1 IS
XF OP5 6CRITICISM4 ,?+S : -E-TO-BE &
PASS-AWAY _C 2 CALL$ 0! "N (! MAT]IAL \
( : !Y H -E-TOBE3 X IS ONLY ! RESULTS (
,8ALT],N0' : RETA9 ! "N (! SUB/RATUM ^:
,8ALT],NS' !Y >E4 ,H["E1 HE ACTU,Y
SAYS0' T ! TRUE/ A3.T IS 6A6IRM T EA* (
!M IS 8GOLD00'47 ,N"E!.S HE C>RIES 8
ANALYSIS (! ,8ELE;TS'-SOLIDS ?\< !Y >E-
BACK TO ,8PLANES0'1 & X IS IMPOSSI# =
,8! ,NURSE0' 7I4E4 ! PRIM>Y MATT]7 6BE
ID5TICAL ) ,8! PLANES0'4
  ,\R [N DOCTR9E IS T AL? "! IS A MATT]
(! P]CEPTI# BODIES 7A MATT] \ ( : ! S-
CALL$ ,8CLE;TS0' -E-TO-BE71 X HAS NO
SEP>ATE EXI/;E1 B IS ALW B.D UP )A
3TR>IETY4 ,A M PRECISE A3.T ( ^!
PRESUPPOSI;NS HAS BE5 GIV5 9 ANO!R "W0'3
WE M/1 H["E1 GIVE A DETAIL$ EXPLAN,N (!
PRIM>Y BODIES Z WELL1 S9CE !Y TOO >E
SIMIL>LY DERIV$ F ! MATT]4 ,WE M/ RECKON
Z AN ,8ORIG9ATIVE S\RCE0' & Z ,8PRIM>Y0'
! MATT] : "ULIES1 ?\< X IS 9SEP>A# F1 !
3TR>Y QUALITIES3 =! HOT0' IS N MATT] =
,8! COLD0' NOR ,8! COLD0' = ,8! HOT0'1 B
! SUB/RATUM IS MATT] = !M BO?4 ,WE "!=E
H 6RECOGNIZE ?REE ,8ORIG9ATIVE S\RCES0'3
F/LY T : POT5TI,Y P]CEPTI# BODY1
SECONDLY ! 3TR>IETIES 7,I M1N1 E4G4 H1T
& COLD71 & ?IRDLY ,FIRE1 ,WAT]1 &! L4
,ONLY ,8?IRDLY0'1 H["E3 = ^! BODIES
*ANGE 96"O ANO!R 7!Y >E N IMMUTA# Z
,EMP$OCLES & O!R ?9K]S ASS]T1 S9CE
,8ALT],N0' WD !N H BE5 IMPOSSI#71 ":AS !
3TR>IETIES D N *ANGE4
  ,N"E!.S1 EV5 S ! "Q REMA9S3 ,:AT SORTS
( 3TR>IETIES1 & H[ _M ( !M1 >E 6BE A3.T$
,8ORIG9ATIVE S\RCES0' ( BODY8 ,= ALL !
O!R ?9K]S ASSUME & USE !M )\T EXPLA9+ :Y
!Y >E ^! OR :Y !Y >E J S _M4

                   #B
  ,S9CE1 !N1 WE >E LOOK+ = ,8ORIG9ATIVE
S\RCES0' ( P]CEPTI# BODY2 & S9CE
,8P]CEPTI#0' IS EQUIVAL5T TO ,8TANGI#0'1
& ,8TANGI#0' IS T ( : ! P]CEP;N IS T\*2
X IS CLE> T N ALL ! 3TR>IETIES 3/ITUTE
,8=MS0' & ,8ORIG9ATIVE S\RCES0' ( BODY1
B ONLY ^? : CORRESPOND 6T\*4 ,= X IS 9
A3ORD.E )A 3TR>IETY-A 3TR>IETY1 MOREOV]1
( TANGI# QUALITIES-T ! PRIM>Y BODIES >E
DI6]5TIAT$4 ,T IS :Y NEI :ITE;S 7&
BLACK;S71 NOR SWEET;S 7& BITT];S71 NOR
7SIMIL>LY7 ANY QUAL;Y 2L;G+ 6! O!R
P]CEPTI# 3TR>IETIES EI1 3/ITUTES AN
,8ELE;T0'4 ,& YET VI.N IS PRIOR 6T\*1 S
T XS OBJECT AL IS PRIOR 6! OBJECT ( T\*4
,! OBJECT ( VI.N1 H["E1 IS A QUAL;Y (
TANGI# BODY N QUA TANGI#1 B QUA "S?+
ELSE-QUA "S?+ : MAY WELL 2 NATUR,Y PRIOR
6! OBJECT ( T\*4
  ,ACLY1 WE M/ SEGREGATE ! TANGI#
DI6];ES & 3TR>IETIES1 & 4T+UI% : AM;G/
!M >E PRIM>Y4 ,3TR>IETIES CORRELATIVE
6T\* >E ! FOLL[+3 HOT-COLD1 DRY-MOI/1
H1VY-LI<T1 H>D-S(T1 VISC\S-BRITTLE1 R\<-
SMOO?1 CO>SE-F9E4 ,( ^! 7I7 H1VY & LI<T
>E NEI ACTIVE NOR SUSCEPTI#4 ,?+S >E N
CALL$ ,8H1VY0' & ,8LI<T0' 2C !Y ACT ^U1
OR SU6] AC;N F1 O!R ?+S4 ,B ! ,8ELE;TS0'
M/ 2 RECIPROC,Y ACTIVE & SUSCEPTI#1 S9CE
!Y ,8-B9E0' & >E TRANS=M$ 96"O ANO!R4
,ON ! O!R H& 7;II7 HOT & COLD1 & DRY &
MOI/1 >E T]MS1 ( : ! F/ PAIR IMPLIES P[]
6ACT &! SECOND PAIR SUSCEPTIBIL;Y4
,8,HOT0' IS T : ,8ASSOCIATES0' ?+S (!
SAME K9D 7= ,84SOCIAT+0'1 : P ATTRIBUTE
6,FIRE Z XS FUNC;N1 IS ,8ASSOCIAT+0' ?+S
(! SAME CLASS1 S9CE XS E6ECT IS
6ELIM9ATE :AT IS =EIGN71 :ILE ,8COLD0'
IS T : BR+S TGR1 I4E4 ,8ASSOCIATES0'1
HOMOG5E\S & HET]OG5E\S ?+S ALIKE4 ,&
MOISE IS T :1 2+ R1DILY ADAPTA# 9 %APE1
IS N DET]M9A# 0ANY LIMIT ( XS [N3 :ILE
,8DRY0' IS T : IS R1DILY DET]M9A# 0XS [N
LIMIT1 B N R1DILY ADAPTA# 9 %APE4
  ,F MOI/ & DRY >E DERIV$ 7;III7 ! F9E &
CO>SE1 VISC\S & BRITTLE1 H>D & S(T1 &!
REMA9+ TANGI# DI6];ES4 ,= 7A7 S9CE !
MOI/ HAS NO DET]M9ATE %APE1 B IS R1DILY
ADAPTA# & FOLL[S ! \TL9E ( T : IS 9
3TACT ) X1 X IS "*I/IC ( X 6BE ,8S* Z
6FILL UP0'4 ,N[ ,8! F9E0' IS ,8S* Z
6FILL UP0'4 ,=! F9E0' 3SI/S ( SUBTLE
"PICLES2 B T : 3SI/S ( SMALL "PICLES IS
,8S* Z 6FILL UP0'1 9ASM* Z X IS 9 3TACT
:OLE ) :OLE-& ,8! F9E0' EXHIBITS ? "* 9
A SUP]LATIVE DEGREE4 ,H;E X IS EVID5T T
! F9E DERIVES F ! MOI/1 :ILE ! CO>SE
DERIVES F ! DRY4 ,AG 7B7 ! VISC\S'
DERIVES F ! MOI/3 = ,8! VISC\S0' 7E4G4
OIL7 IS A ,8MOI/0' MODIFI$ 9 A C]TA9
WAY4 ,8,! BRITTLE0'1 ON ! O!R H&1
DERIVES F ! DRY3 = ,8BRITTLE0' IS T : IS
-PLETELY DRY-S -PLETELY1 T XS
SOLIDIFIC,N HAS ACTU,Y BE5 DUE 6FAILURE
( MOI/URE4 ,FUR!R 7C7 ,8! S(T0' DERIVES
F ! MOI/4 ,= ,8S(T0' IS T : YIELDS
6PRESSURE 0RETIR+ 96XF1 ?\< X DOES N
YIELD 0TOTAL 4PLACE;T Z ! MOI/ DOES-:
EXPLA9S :Y ! MOI/ IS N ,8S(T0'1 AL? ,8!
S(T0' DERIVES F ! MOI/4 ,8,! H>D0'1 ON !
O!R H&1 DERIVES F ! DRY3 = ,8H>D0' IS T
: IS SOLIDIFI$1 &! SOLIDIFI$ IS DRY4
  ,! T]MS ,8DRY0' & ,8MOI/0' H M S5SES
?AN "O4 ,= ,8! DAMP0'1 Z WELL Z ! MOI/1
IS OPPOS$ 6! DRY3 & AG ,8! SOLIDIFI$0'1
Z WELL Z ! DRY1 IS OPPOS$ 6! MOI/4 ,B
ALL ^! QUALITIES DERIVE F ! DRY & MOI/
WE M5;N$ F/40' ,= 7I7 ! DRY IS OPPOS$ 6!
DAMP3 I4E4 ,8DAMP0' IS T : HAS =EIGN
MOI/URE ON XS SURFACE 7,8SO450' 2+ T :
IS P5ETRAT$ 6XS CORE71 :ILE ,8DRY0' IS T
: HAS LO/ =EIGN MOI/URE4 ,H;E X IS
EVID5T T ! DAMP W DERIVE F ! MOI/1 & ,8!
DRY0' : IS OPPOS$ 6X W DERIVE F ! PRIM>Y
DRY4 ,AG 7;II7 ! ,8MOI/0' &! SOLIDIFI$
DERIVE 9 ! SAME WAY F ! PRIM>Y PAIR4 ,=
,8MOI/0' IS T : 3TA9S MOI/URE ( XS-[N
DEEP )9 X 7,8SO450' 2+ T : IS DEEPLY
P5ETRAT$ 0=EIGN MO/URE71 ":AS
,8SOLIDIGI$0' IS T : HAS LO/ ? 9N]
MOI/URE4 ,H;E ^! TOO DERIVE F ! PRIM>Y
PAIR1 ! ,8SOLIDIFI$0' F ! DRY &!
,8SOLIDIFI$0' F ! DRY ! ,8LIQUEFIA#0' F
! MOI/4
  ,X IS CLE>1 !N1 T ALL ! O!R DI6];ES
REDUCE 6! F/ F\R1 B T ^! ADMIT ( NO
FUR!R REDUC;N4 ,=! HOT IS N ESS5TI,Y
MOI/ OR DRY1 NOR ! MOI/ ESS5TI,Y HOT OR
COLD3 NOR >E ! COLD &! DRY DERIVATIVE
=MS1 EI ( "O ANO!R OR (! HOT &! MOI/4
,H;E ^! M/ 2 F\R4
                   #C
  ,! ELE;T>Y QUALITIES >E F\R1 & ANY F\R
T]MS C 2 -B9$ 9 SIX C\PLES4 ,3TR>IES1
H["E1 REFUSE 6BE C\PL$3 = X IS IMPOSSI#
=! SAME ?+ 6BE HOT & COLD1 OR MOI/ &
DRY4 ,H;E X IS EVID5T T ! ,8C\PL+S0' (!
ELE;T>Y QUALITIES W 2 F\R3 HOT ) DRY &
MOI/ ) HOT1 & AG COLD ) DRY & COLD )
MOI/4 ,& ^! F\R C\PLES H ATTA*$ !MVS 6!
APP>5TLY ,8SIMPLE0' BODIES 7,FIRE1 ,AIR1
,WAT]1 & ,E>?7 9 A MANN] 3SONANT ) !ORY4
,= ,FIRE IS HOT & DRY1 ":AS ,AIR IS HOT
& MOI/ 7,AIR 2+ A SORT ( AQUE\S VAP\R72
& ,WAT] IS COLD & MOI/1 :ILE ,E>? IS
COLD & DRY4 ,?US ! DI6];ES >E R1SONABLY
4TRIBUT$ AM;G ! PRIM>Y BODIES1 &! NUMB]
(! LATT] IS 3SONANT ) !ORY4 ,= ALL :O
MAKE ! SIMPLE BODIES ,8ELE;TS0' PO/ULATE
EI "O1 OR TWO1 OR ?REE1 OR F\R4 ,N[ 7I7
^? :O ASS]T "! IS "O ONLY1 & !N G5]ATE
"EY?+ ELSE 03D5S,N & R>EFAC;N1 >E 9
E6ECT MAK+ _! ,8ORIG9ATIVE S\RCES0' TWO1
VIZ4 ! R>E &! D5SE1 OR R ! HOT &! COLD3
= X IS ^! : >E ! M\LD+ =CES1 :ILE !
,8"O0' "ULIES !M Z A ,8MATT]0'4 ,B 7;II7
^? :O PO/ULATE TWO F ! />T-Z ,P>M5IDES
PO/ULAT$ ,FIRE & ,E>?-MAKE ! 9T]M$IATES
7E4G4 ,AIR & ,WAT]7 BL5DS ( ^!4 ,! SAME
C\RSE IS FOLL[$ 7;III7 0^? :O ADVOCATE
?REE4 7,WE MAY -P>E :AT ,PLATO DOES 9
,ME ,DIVI.NS0'3 = HE MAKES ,8! MI4LE0' A
BL5D47 ,9DE$1 "! IS PRACTIC,Y NO DI6];E
2T ^? :O PO/ULATE TWO & ^? :O PO/ULATE
?REE1 EXCEPT T ! =M] SPLIT ! MI4LE
,8ELE;T0' 96TWO1 :ILE ! LATT] TR1T X Z
ONLY "O4 ,B 7;IV7 "S ADVOCATE F\R F !
/>T1 E4G4 ,EMP$OCLES3 YET HE TOO DRAWS
!M TGR S Z 6REDUCE !M 6! TWO1 = HE
OPPOSES ALL ! O!RS 6,FIRE4
  ,9 FACT1 H["E1 FIRE & AIR1 & EA* (!
BODIES WE H M5;N$1 >E N SIMPLE1 B BL5D$4
,! ,8SIMPLE0' BODIES >E 9DE$ SIMIL> 9
NATURE 6!M1 B N ID5TICAL ) !M4 ,?US !
,8SIMPLE0' BODY CORRESPOND+ 6FIRE IS
,8S*-Z-FIRE1 N FIRE3 T : CORRESPONDS
6AIR IS ,8S*-Z-AIR0'3 & S ON )! RE/ (
!M4 ,B FIRE IS AN EXCESS ( H1T1 J Z ICE
IS AN EXCESS ( COLD4 ,= FREEZ+ & BOIL+
>E EXCESSES ( H1T & COLD RESPECTIVELY4
,ASSUM+1 "!=E1 T ICE IS A FREEZ+ ( MOI/
& COLD1 FIRE ANALOG\SLY W 2 A BOIL+ (
DRY & HOT3 A FACT1 0! WAY1 : EXPLA9S :Y
NO?+ -ES-TO-BE EI \ ( ICE OR \ ( FIRE4
  ,! ,8SIMPLE0' BODIES1 S9CE !Y >E F\R1
FALL 96TWO PAIRS : 2L;G 6! TWO REGIONS1
EA* 6EA*3 = ,FIRE & ,AIR >E =MS (! BODY
MOV+ T[>DS ! ,8LIMIT0'1 :ILE ,E>? &
,WAT] >E =MS (! BODY : MOVES T[>DS !
,8C5TRE0'4 ,FIRE & ,E>?1 MOREOV]1 >E
EXTREMES & PURE/3 ,WAT] & ,AIR1 ON !
3TR>Y >E 9T]M$IATES & M L BL5DS4 ,&1
FUR!R1 ! MEMB]S ( EI PAIR >E 3TR>Y 6^? (
! O!R1 ,WAT] 2+ 3TR>Y 6,FIRE & ,E>?
6,AIR2 =! QUALITIES 3/ITUT+ ,WAT] & ,E>?
>E 3TR>Y 6^? T 3/ITUTE ,FIRE & ,AIR4
,N"E!.S1 S9CE !Y >E F\R1 EA* ( !M IS
"*IZ$ P> EXCELL;E A S+LE QUAL;Y3 ,E>?
0DRY R ?AN 0COLD1 ,WAT] 0COLD R ?AN
0MOI/1 ,AIR 0MOI/ R ?AN 0HOT1 & ,FIRE
0HOT R ?AN 0DRY4
                   #D
  ,X HAS BE5 E/ABLI%$ 2F0' T ! -+-TO-BE
(! ,8SIMPLE0' BODIES IS RECIPROCAL4 ,AT
! SAME "T1 X IS MANIFE/1 EV5 ON ! EVID;E
( P]CEP;N1 T !Y D -E-TO-BE3 = O!RWISE "!
WD N H BE5 ,8ALT],N1 S9CE ,8ALT],N0' IS
*ANGE 9 RESPECT 6! QUALITIES (! OBJECTS
( T\*4 ,3SEQU5TLY1 WE M/ EXPLA9 7I7 :AT
IS ! MANN] ( _! RECIPROCAL TRANS=M,N1 &
7;II7 :E!R E "O ( !M C -E TO-BE \ ( E
"O-OR :E!R "S C D S1 B N O!RS4
  ,N[ X IS EVID5T T ALL ( !M >E 0NATURE
S* Z 6*ANGE 96"O ANO!R3 = -+-TO-BE IS A
*ANGE 963TR>IES & \ ( 3TR>IES1 &!
,8ELE;TS0' ALL 9VOLVE A 3TR>IETY 9 _!
MUTUAL REL,NS 2C _! 4T9CTIVE QUALITIES
>E 3TR>Y4 ,= 9 "S ( !M BO? QUALITIES >E
3TR>Y-E4G4 9 ,FIRE & ,WAT]1 ! F/ ( ^! 2+
DRY & HOT1 &! SECOND MOI/ & COLD3 :ILE 9
O!RS "O (! QUALITIES 7?\< ONLY "O7 IS
3TR>Y-E4G4 9 ,AIR & ,WAT]1 ! F/ 2+ MOI/
& HOT1 &! SECOND MOI/ & COLD4 ,X IS
EVID5T1 "!=E1 IF WE 3SID] !M 9 G5]AL1 T
E "O IS 0NATURE S* Z 6-E-TO-BE \ ( E "O3
& :5 WE -E 63SID] !M S"E,Y1 X IS N
DI6ICULT 6SEE ! MANN] 9 : _! TRANS=M,N
IS E6ECT$4 ,=1 ?\< ALL W RESULT F ALL1
BO? ! SPE$ &! FACIL;Y ( _! 3V].N W DI6]
9 DEGREE4
  ,?US 7I7 ! PROCESS ( 3V].N W 2 QK 2T
^? : H 9T]*ANGEA# ,8-PLE;T>Y FACTORS0'1
B SL[ 2T ^? : H N"O4 ,! R1SON IS T X IS
EASI] =A S+LE ?+ 6*ANGE ?AN = _M4 ,AIR1
E4G4 W RESULT F ,FIRE IF A S+LE QUAL;Y
*ANGES3 = ,FIRE1 Z WE SAW1 IS HOT & DRY
:ILE ,AIR IS HOT & MOI/1 S T "! W 2 ,AIR
IF ! DRY 2 OV]COME 0! MOI/4 ,AG1 ,WAT] W
RESULT F ,AIR IF ! HOT 2 OV]COME 0!
COLD3 = ,AIR1 Z WE SAW1 IS HOT & MOI/
:ILE ,WAT] IS COLD & MOI/1 S T1 IF ! HOT
*ANGES1 "! W 2 ,WAT]4 ,S TOO1 9 ! SAME
MANN]1 ,E>? W RESULT F ,WAT] & ,FIRE F
,E>?1 S9CE ! TWO ,8ELE;TS0' 9 BO? ^!
C\PLES H 9T]*ANGEA# ,8-PLE;T>Y
FACTORS0'4 ,= ,WAT] IS MOI/ & COLD :ILE
,E>? IS COLD & DRY-S T1 IF ! MOI/ 2
OV]COME1 "! W 2 ,E>?3 & AG1 S9CE ,FIRE
IS DRY & HOT :ILE ,E>? IS COLD & DRY1
,FIRE W RESULT F ,E>? IF ! COLD PASS-
AWAY4
  ,X IS EVID5T1 "!=E1 T ! -+-TO-BE (!
,8SIMPLE0' BODIES W 2 CYCLICAL2 & T ?
CYCLICAL ME?OD ( TRANS=M,N IS ! EASIE/1
2C ! 3SECUTIVE ,8CLE;TS0' 3TA9
9T]*ANGEA# ,8-PLE;T>Y FACTORS0'4 ,ON !
O!R H& 7;II7 ! TRANS=M,N ( ,FIRE 96,WAT]
&( ,AIR 96,E>?1 & AG ( ,WAT] & ,E>?
96,FIRE & ,AIR RESPECTIVELY1 ?\< POSSI#1
IS M DI6ICULT 2C X 9VOLVES ! *ANGE ( M
QUALITIES4 ,= IF ,FIRE IS 6RESULT F
,WAT]1 BO? ! COLD &! MOI/ M/ PASS-AWAY3
& AG1 BO? ! COLD &! DRY M/ PASS-AWAY IF
,AIR IS 6RESULT F ,E>?4 ,S0' TOO1 IF
,WAT] & ,E>? >E 6RESULT F ,FIRE & ,AIR
RESPECTIVELY-BO? QUALITIES M/ *ANGE4
  ,? SECOND ME?OD ( -+-TO-BE1 !N1 TAKES
A L;G] "T4 ,B 7;III7 IF "O QUAL;Y 9 EA*
( TWO ,8ELE;TS0' PASS-AWAY1 ! TRANS=M,N1
?\< EASI]1 IS N RECIPROCAL4 ,/1 F ,FIRE
PLUS ,WAT] "! W RESULT ,E>? & ,AIR1 & F
,AIR PLUS ,E>? ,FIRE & ,WAT]4 ,= "! W 2
,AIR1 :5 ! COLD (! ,WAT] &! DRY (! ,FIRE
H PASS$-AWAY 7S9CE ! HOT (! LATT] &!
MOI/ (! =M] >E LEFT73 ":AS1 :5 ! HOT (!
,FIRE &! MOI/ (! ,WAT] H PASS$-AWAY1 "!
W 2 ,E>?1 [+ 6! SURVIVAL (! DRY (! ,FIRE
&! COLD (! ,WAT]4 ,S1 TOO1 9 ! SAME
,WAY1 ,FIRE & ,WAT] W RESULT F ,AIR PLUS
,E>?4 ,= "! W 2 ,WAT]1 :5 ! HOT (! ,AIR
&! DRY (! ,E>? H PASS$-AWAY 7S9CE ! MOI/
(! =M] &! COLD (! LATT] >E LEFT73 ":AS1
:5 ! MOI/ (! ,AIR &! COLD (! ,E>? H
PASS$-AWAY1 "! W 2 ,FIRE1 [+ 6! SURVIVAL
(! HOT (! ,AIR &! DRY (! ,E>?-QUALITIES
ESS5TI,Y 3/ITUTIVE ( ,FIRE4 ,MOREOV]1 ?
MODE ( ,FIRE'S -+-TO-BE IS 3FIRM$
0P]CEP;N4 ,= FLAME IS P> EXCELL;E ,FIRE3
B FLAME IS BURN+ SMOKE1 & SMOKE 3SI/S (
,AIR & ,E>?4
  ,NO TRANS=M,N1 H["E1 96ANY (!
,8SIMPLE0' BODIES C RESULT F ! PASS+AWAY
( "O ELE;T>Y QUAL;Y 9 EA* ( TWO
,8ELE;TS0' :5 !Y >E TAK5 9 _! 3SECUTIVE
ORD]1 2C EI ID5TICAL OR 3TR>Y QUALITIES
>E LEFT 9 ! PAIR3 B NO ,8SIMPLE0' BODY C
2 =M$ EI \ ( ID5TICAL1 OR \ ( 3TR>Y1
QUALITIES4 ,?US NO ,8SIMPLE0' BODY WD
RESULT1 IF ! DRY ( ,FIRE &! MOI/ ( ,AIR
7 6PASS-AWAY3 =! HOT IS LEFT 9 BO?4 ,ON
! O!R H&1 IF ! HOT PASS-AWAY \ BO?1 !
3TR>IES-DRY & MOI/->E LEFT4 ,A SIMIL>
RESULT W O3UR 9 ALL ! O!RS TOO3 = ALL !
3SECUTIVE ,8ELE;TS0' 3TA9 "O ID5TICAL1 &
"O 3TR>Y1 QUAL;Y4 ,H;E1 TOO1 X CLE>LY
FOLL[S T1 :5 "O (! 3SECUTIVE ,8ELE;TS0'
IS TRANS=M$ 96"O1 ! -+-TO-BE IS E6ECT$
0! PASS+-AWAY (A S+LE QUAL;Y3 ":AS1 :5
TWO ( !M >E TRANS=M$ 96A ?IRD1 M ?AN "O
QUAL;Y M/ H PASS$AWAY4
  ,WE H /AT$ T ALL ! ,8ELE;TS0' -E-TO-BE
\ ( ANY "O ( !M2 & WE H EXPLA9$ ! MANN]
9 : _! MUTUAL 3V].N TAKES PLACE4 ,LET U
N"E!.S SUPPLE;T \R !ORY 0! FOLL[+
SPECUL,NS 3C]N+ !M4
                   #E
  ,IF ,WAT]1 ,AIR1 &! L >E A ,8MATT]0' (
: ! NATURAL BODIES 3SI/1 Z "S ?9K]S 9
FACT 2LIEVE1 ^! ,8CLE;TS0' M/ 2 EI "O1
OR TWO1 OR M4 ,N[ !Y _C ALL ( !M 2 "O-!Y
_C1 E4G4 ALL 2 ,AIR OR ,WAT] OR ,FIRE OR
,E>?-2C ,8,*ANGE IS 963TR>IES0'4 ,= IF
!Y ALL 7 ,AIR1 !N 7ASSUM+ ,AIR 6P]SI/7
"! W 2 ,8ALT],N0' 9/1D ( -+-TO-BE4 ,2SS1
NOBODY SUPPOSES A S+LE ,8ELE;T0' 6P]SI/1
Z ! BASIS ( ALL1 9 S* A WAY T X IS ,WAT]
Z WELL Z ,AIR 7OR ANY O!R ,8ELE;T0'7 AT
! SAME "T4 ,S "! W 2 A C]TA9 3TR>IETY1
I4E4 A DI6]5TIAT+ QUAL;Y3 &! O!R MEMB] (
? 3TR>IETY1 E4G4 H1T1 W 2L;G 6"S O!R
,8ELE;T0'1 E4G4 6,FIRE4 ,B ,FIRE W
C]TA9LY N 2 ,8HOT ,AIR0'4 ,=A *ANGE ( T
K9D 7A7 IS ,8ALT],N0'1 & 7B7 IS N :AT IS
OBS]V$4 ,MOREOV] 7C7 IF ,AIR IS AG
6RESULT \ (! ,FIRE1 X W D S 0! 3V].N (!
HOT 96XS 3TR>Y3 ? 3TR>Y1 "!=E1 W 2L;G
6,AIR1 & ,AIR W 2 A COLD "S?+3 H;E X IS
IMPOSSI# = ,FIRE 6BE ,8HOT ,AIR0'1 S9CE
9 T CASE ! SAME ?+ W 2 SIMULTANE\SLY HOT
& COLD4 ,BO? ,FIRE & ,AIR1 "!=E1 W 2
"S?+ ELSE : IS ! SAME2 I4E4 "! W 2 "S
,8MATT]0'1 O!R ?AN EI1 -MON 6BO?4
  ,! SAME >GU;T APPLIES 6ALL !
,8ELE;TS0'1 PROV+ T "! IS NO S+LE "O (
!M \ ( : !Y ALL ORIG9ATE4 ,B NEI IS "!1
2S ^! F\R1 "S O!R BODY F : !Y ORIG9ATE-A
"S?+ 9T]M$IATE1 E4G4 2T ,AIR & ,WAT]
7CO>S] ?AN ,AIR1 B F9] ?AN ,WAT]71 OR 2T
,AIR & ,FIRE 7CO>S] ?AN ,FIRE1 B F9] ?AN
,AIR74 ,=! SUPPOS$ ,89T]M$IATE0' W 2
,AIR & ,FIRE :5 A PAIR ( 3TRA/$
QUALITIES IS A4$ 6X3 B1 S9CE "O ( E TWO
3TR>Y QUALITIES IS A ,8PRIV,N0'1 !
,89T]M$IATE0' N"E C EXI/-Z "S ?9K]S
ASS]T ! ,8,B.D.S0' OR ! ,8,5VIRON+0'
EXI/S-IN ISOL,N4 ,X IS1 "!=E1 EQU,Y &
9DI6]5TLY ANY "O (! ,8ELE;TS0'1 OR ELSE
X IS NO?+4
  ,S9CE1 !N1 "! IS NO?+-AT L1/1 NO?+
P]CEPTI#-PRIOR 6^!1 !Y M/ 2 ALL4 ,T 2+
S1 EI !Y M/ ALW P]SI/ & N 2 TRANS=MA#
96"O ANO!R3 OR !Y M/ "UGO TRANS=M,N-EI
ALL ( !M1 OR "S ONLY 7Z ,PLATO WROTE 9 !
,TIMACUS740' ,N[ X HAS BE5 PROV$ 2F T !Y
M/ "UGO RECIPROCAL TRANS=M,N4 ,X HAS AL
BE5 PROV$ T ! SPE$ ) : !Y -E-TO-BE1 "O \
( ANO!R1 IS N UNI=M-S9CE ! PROCESS (
RECIPROCAL TRANS=M,N IS RELATIVELY QK 2T
! ,8ELE;TS0' )A ,8-PLE;T>Y FACTOR0'1 B
RELATIVELY SL[ 2T ^? : POSSESS NO S*
FACTOR4 ,ASSUM+1 !N1 T ! 3TR>IETY1 9
RESPECT 6: !Y >E TRANS=M$1 IS "O1 !
ELE;TS0' W 9EVITABLY 2 TWO3 = X IS
,8MATT]0' T IS ! ,8M1N0' 2T ! TWO
3TR>IES1 & MATT] IS IMP]CEPTI# & 9SEP>A#
F !M4 ,S9CE1 H["E1 ! ,8ELE;TS0' >E SE5
6BE M ?AN TWO1 ! 3TR>IETIES M/ AT ! L1/
2 TWO4 ,B ! 3TR>IETIES 2+ TWO1 !
,8ELE;TS' M/ 2 F\R 7Z !Y EVID5TLY >E7 &
_C 2 ?REE3 =! C\PL+S0' >E F\R1 S9CE1 ?\<
SIX >E POSSI#1 ! TWO 9 : ! QUALITIES >E
3TR>Y 6"O ANO!R _C O3UR4
  ,^! SUBJECTS H BE5 4CUSS$ 2F30' B !
FOLL[+ >GU;TS W MAKE X CLE> T1 S9CE !
,8ELE;TS0' >E TRANS=M$ 96"O ANO!R1 X IS
IMPOSSI# = ANY "O ( !M-:E!R X 2 AT ! 5D
OR 9 ! MI4LE-TO 2 AN ,8ORIG9ATIVE
S\RCE0' (! RE/4 ,"! C 2 NO S*
,8ORIG9ATIVE ELE;T0' AT ! 5DS3 = ALL (
!M WD !N 2 ,FIRE OR ,E>?1 & ? !ORY AM.TS
6! ASS];N T ALL ?+S >E MADE ( ,FIRE OR
,E>?4 ,NOR C A ,8MI4LE-ELE;T0' 2 S* AN
ORIG9ATIVE S\RCE'-Z "S ?9K]S SUPPOSE T
,AIR IS TRANS=M$ BO? 96,FIRE & 96,WAT]1
& ,WAT] BO? 96,AIR & 96,E>?1 :ILE !
,85D-ELE;TS0' >E N FUR!R TRANS=M$ 96"O
ANO!R4 ,=! PROCESS M/ -E 6A /OP1 & _C
3T9UE AD 9F9ITUM 9 A /RAI<T L9E 9 EI
DIREC;N1 S9CE O!RWISE AN 9F9ITE NUMB] (
3TR>IETIES WD ATTA* 6! S+LE ,8ELE;T0'4
,LET ;,E /& = ,E>?1 ;,W = ,WAT]1 ;,A =
,AIR1 & ;,F = ,FIRE4 ,!N 7I7 S9CE ,A IS
TRANS=M$ 9TO ;,F & ;,W1 "! W 2 A
3TR>IETY 2L;G+ TO ;,A ,F4 ,LET ^!
3TR>IES 2 :ITE;S & BLACK;S4 ,AG 7;II7
S9CE ,A IS TRANS=M$ 9TO ;,W1 "! W 2
ANO!R 3TR>IETY3 = ;,W IS N ! SAME Z ,F4
,LET ? SECOND 3TR>IETY 2 DRY;S & MOI/;S1
;,D 2+ DRY;S & ;,M MOI/;S4 ,N[ IF1 :5 ,A
IS TRANS=M$ 9TO ;,W1 ! ,8:ITE0' P]SI/S1
,WAT] W 2 MOI/ & :ITE3 B IF X DOES N
P]SI/1 ,WAT] W 2 BLACK S9CE *ANGE IS
963TR>IES4 ,WAT]1 "!=E1 M/ 2 EI :ITE OR
BLACK4 ,LET X !N 2 ! F/4 ,ON SIMIL>
GR.DS1 "!=E1 ;,D 7DRY;S7 W AL 2L;G TO
;,F4 ,3SEQU5TLY ;,F 7,FIRE7 Z WELL Z
,AIR W 2 A# 6BE TRANS=M$ 96,WAT]3 = X
HAS QUALITIES 3TR>Y 6^? ( ,WAT]1 S9CE
,FIRE 0 F/ TAK5 6BE BLACK & !N 6BE DRY1
:ILE ,WAT] 0 MOI/ & !N %[$ XF :ITE4 ,?US
X IS EVID5T T ALL ! ,8ELE;TS0' W 2 A#
6BE TRANS=M$ \ ( "O ANO!R2 & T1 9 !
9/.ES WE H TAK51 ;,E 7,E>?7 AL W 3TA9 !
REMA9+ TWO ,8-PLE;T>Y FACTORS0'1 VIZ4 !
BLACK &! MOI/ 7= ^! H N YET BE5 C\PL$74
  ,WE H D1LT ) ? LA/ TOPIC 2F ! !SIS WE
SET \ 6PROVE4 ,T !SIS-VIZ4 T ! PROCESS
_C 3T9UE AD 9F9ITUM-W 2 CLE> F ! FOLL[+
3SID],NS4 ,IF ,FIRE 7: IS REPRES5T$ BY
;,F7 IS N 6REV]T1 B IS 6BE TRANS=M$ 9
TURN 96"S O!R ,8ELE;T0' 7E4G4 9TO ;,Q71
A NEW 3TR>IETY1 O!R ?AN ^? M5;N$1 W 2L;G
6,FIRE & ;,Q3 = X HAS BE5 ASSUM$ T ;,Q
IS N ! SAME Z ANY (! F\R1 ;,E ;,W ;,A &
,F4 ,LET ;,K1 !N1 2L;G TO ;,F & ;,Y TO
;,Q4 ,!N ;,K W 2L;G 6ALL F\R1 ;,E ;,W
;,A & ;,F3 = !Y >E TRANS=M$ 96"O ANO!R4
,? LA/ PO9T1 H["E1 WE MAY ADMIT1 HAS N
YET BE5 PROV$3 B AT ANY RATE X IS CLE> T
IF ;,Q IS 6BE TRANS=M$ 9 TURN 96YET
ANO!R ,8ELE;T0'1 YET ANO!R 3TR>IETY W
2L;G N ONLY TO ;,Q B AL TO ;,F 7,FIRE74
,&1 SIMIL>LY1 E A4I;N (A NEW ,8ELE;T0' W
C>RY ) X ! ATTA*;T (A NEW 3TR>IETY 6!
PREC$+ ELE;TS0'4 ,3SEQU5TLY1 IF !
,8ELE;TS0' >E 9F9ITELY _M1 "! W AL 2L;G
6! S+LE ,8ELE;T0' AN 9F9ITE NUMB] (
3TR>IETIES4 ,B IF T 2 S1 X W 2 IMPOSSI#
6DEF9E ANY ,8ELE;T0'3 IMPOSSI# AL = ANY
6-E-TO-BE4 ,= IF "O IS 6RESULT F ANO!R1
X W H 6PASS "? S* A VA/ NUMB] (
3TR>IETIES-& 9DE$ EV5 M ?AN ANY
DET]M9ATE NUMB]4 ,3SEQU5TLY 7I7 96"S
,8ELE;TS0' TRANS=M,N W N"E 2 E6ECT$-VIZ4
IF ! 9T]M$IATES >E 9F9ITE 9 NUMB]1 Z !Y
M/ 2 IF ! ,8ELE;TS0' >E 9F9ITELY _M3
FUR!R 7;II7 "! W N EV5 2 A TRANS=M,N (
,AIR 96,FIRE1 IF ! 3TR>IETIES >E
9F9ITELY _M3 MOREOV] 7;III7 ALL !
,8ELE;TS0' 2COME "O4 ,= ALL ! 3TR>IETIES
(! ,8ELE;TS0' ABV ;,F M/ 2L;G 6^? 2L
;,F1 & VICE V]SA3 H;E !Y W ALL 2 "O4
                   #F
  ,Z = ^? :O AGREE ) ,EMP$OCLES T !
,8ELE;TS0' ( BODY >E M ?AN "O1 S T !Y >E
N TRANS=M$ 96"O ANO!R-"O MAY WELL WOND]
9 :AT S5SE X IS OP5 6!M 6MA9TA9 T !
,8ELE;TS0' >E -P>A#4 ,YET ,EMP$OCLES
SAYS ,8,= ^! >E ALL N ONLY EQUAL '''0'
  ,IF X IS M1NT T !Y >E -P>A# 9 _! AM.T1
ALL ! ,8-P>A#S0' M/ POSSESS AN ID5TICAL
"S?+ ":BY !Y >E M1SUR$4 ,IF1 E4G4 "O P9T
( ,WAT] YIELDS T5 ( ,AIR1 BO? >E M1SUR$
0! SAME UNIT2 & "!=E BO? 7 F ! F/ AN
ID5TICAL "S?+4 ,ON ! O!R H&1 SUPPOSE
7;II7 !Y >E N ,8-P>A# 9 _! AM.T0' 9 !
S5SE T S-M* (! "O YIELDS S M* (! O!R1 B
-P>A# 9 ,8P[] ( AC;N 7A P9T ( ,WAT]1
E4G4 HAV+ A P[] ( COOL+ EQUAL 6T ( T5
P9TS ( ,AIR72 EV5 S1 !Y >E ,8-P>A# 9 _!
AM.T0'1 ?\< N QUA ,8AM.T0' B QUA ,ISO-M*
P[]0'4 ,"! IS AL 7;III7 A ?IRD
POSSIBIL;Y4 ,9/1D ( -P>+ _! P[]S 0!
M1SURE ( _! AM.T1 !Y MI<T 2 -P>$ Z T]MS
9 A ,8CORRESPOND;E0'3 E4G4 ,8Z ;X IS
HOT1 S CORRESPOND+LY ;Y IS :ITE0'4 ,B
,8CORRESPOND;E0'1 ?\< X M1NS EQUAL;Y 9 !
QUANTUM1 M1NS SIMIL>;Y 9 A QUALE4 ,?US X
IS MANIFE/LY ABSURD T ! ,8SIMPLE0'
BODIES1 ?\< !Y >E N TRANS=MA#1 >E -P>A#
N M]ELY Z ,8CORRESPOND+0'1 B 0A M1SURE (
_! P[]S2 I4E4 T S-M* ,FIRE IS -P>A# ) _M
"TS-T-AM.T ( ,AIR1 Z 2+ ,8EQU,Y0' OR
,8SIMIL>LY0' HOT4 ,=! SAME ?+1 IF X 2
GRT] 9 AM.T1 W1 S9CE X 2L;GS 6! SAME
K9D1 H XS RATIO CORRESPOND+LY 9CR1S$4
  ,A FUR!R OBJEC;N 6! !ORY ( ,EMP$OCLES
IS T X MAKES EV5 GR[? IMPOSSI#1 UN.S X 2
9CR1SE 0A4I;N4 ,= 8 ,FIRE 9CR1SES
0,FIRE3 ,8,& ,E>? 9CR1SES XS [N FRAME &
,E!R 9CR1SES ,E!R40 ,^!1 H["E1 >E CASES
( A4I;N3 B X IS N 0A4I;N T GR[+ ?+S >E
2LIEV$ 69CR1SE4 ,& X IS F> M DI6ICULT =
HM 6A3.T =! -+-TO-BE : O3URS 9 NATURE4
,=! ?+S : -E-TO-BE 0NATURAL PROCESS ALL
EXHIBIT1 9 _! -+-TO-BE1 A UNI=M;Y EI
ABSOLUTE OR HI<LY REGUL>3 :ILE ANY
EXCEP;NS ANY RESULTS : >E 9 A3ORD.E NEI
)! 9V>IA# NOR )! G5]AL RULE >E PRODUCTS
( *.E & LUCK4 ,!N :AT IS ! CAUSE DET]M9+
T MAN -ES-TO-BE F MAN1 T :1T 79/1D ( AN
OLIVE7 -ES-TO-BE F :1T1 EI 9V>IABLY OR
G5],Y8 ,>E WE 6SAY ,8,B"O -ES-TO-BE IF !
8ELE;TS0 2 PUT TGR 9 S*-& S* A MANN]0'8
,=1 AC 6HIS [N E/ATE;TS1 NO?+ -ES-TO-BE
F _! ,8=TUIT\S 3SILI;E0'1 B ONLY F _!
,83SILI;E0' 9 A C]TA9 PROPOR;N4 ,:AT1
!N1 IS ! CAUSE ( ? PROPOR;NAL 3SILI;E8
,PRESUMABLY N ,FIRE OR ,E>?4 ,B NEI IS X
,LOVE & ,/RIFE3 =! =M] IS A CAUSE (
,8ASSOCI,N0' ONLY1 &! LATT] ONLY (
,84SOCI,N0'4 ,NO3 ! CAUSE 9 "Q IS !
ESS5TIAL NATURE ( EA* ?+-N M]ELY 6QUOTE
8 ^WS7 'A M+L+ &A DIVORCE ( :AT HAS BE5
M+L$0'4 ,& *.E1 N PROPOR;N1 ,8IS ! "N
GIV5 6^! O3URR;ES0'3 = ?+S C 2 ,8M+L$0'
=TUIT\SLY4
  ,! CAUSE1 "!=E1 (! -+-TO-BE (! ?+S :
[E _! EXI/;E 6NATURE IS T !Y >E 9 S*-&-
S* A DET]M9ATE 3DI;N3 & X IS ? :
3/ITUTES1 ! ,8NATURE0' ( EA* ?+-A
,8NATURE0' AB : HE SAYS NO?+4 ,:AT HE
SAYS1 "!=E1 IS NO EXPLAN,N ( ,8NATURE0'4
,MOREOV]1 X IS ? : IS BO? ,8! EXCELL;E0'
( EA* ?+ & XS ,8GD0'3 ":AS HE ASSIGNS !
:OLE CR$IT 6! ,8M+L+0'4 7,& YET !
,8ELE;TS0' AT ALL EV5TS >E ,84SOCIAT$0'
N 0,/RIFE1 B 0,LOVE3 S9CE ! ,8ELE;TS0'
>E 0NATURE PRIOR 6! ,DE;Y1 & !Y TOO >E
,DEITIES47
  ,AG1 8 A3.T ( MO;N IS VAGUE4 ,= X IS N
AN ADEQUATE EXPLAN,N 6SAY T ,8,LOVE &
,/RIFE SET ?+S MOV+1 UN.S ! V NATURE (
,LOVE IS A MOVE;T ( ? K9D &! V NATURE (
,/RIFE A MOVE;T ( T K9D4 ,HE "\1 !N1 EI
6H DEF9$ OR 6H PO/ULAT$ ^! "*I/IC
MOVE;TS1 OR 6H DEMON/RAT$ !M-:E!R
/RICTLY OR LAXLY OR 9 "S O!R FA%ION4
,MOREOV]1 S9CE 7A7 ! ,8SIMPLE0' BODIES
APPE> 6MOVE ,8NATUR,Y0' Z WELL Z
0-PUL.N1 I4E4 9 A MANN] 3TR>Y 6NATURE
7FIRE1 E4G4 APPE>S 6MOVE UPW>DS )\T
-PUL.N1 ?\< X APPE>S 6MOVE 0-PUL.N
D[NW>DS72 & S9CE 7B7 :AT IS ,8NATURAL0'
IS 3TR>Y 6T : IS DUE 6-PUL.N1 & MOVE;T
0-PUL.N ACTU,Y O3URS2 X FOLL[S T
,8NATURAL MOVE;T0' C AL O3UR 9 FACT4 ,IS
?1 !N1 ! MOVE;T T ,LOVE SETS GO+8 ,NO3
=1 ON ! 3TR>Y1 ! ,8NATURAL MOVE;T0'
MOVES ,E>? D[NW>DS & RESEM#S
,84SOCI,N0'1 & ,/RIFE R ?AN ,LOVE IS XS
CAUSE-S T 9 G5]AL1 TOO1 ,LOVE R ?AN
,/RIFE WD SEEM 6BE 3TR>Y 6NATURE4 ,&
UN.S ,LOVE OR ,/RIFE IS ACTU,Y SETT+ !M
9 MO;N1 ! ,8SIMPLE0' BODIES !MVS H
ABSOLUTELY NO MOVE;T OR RE/4 ,B ? IS
P>ADOXICAL3 & :AT IS M1 !Y D 9 FACT
OBVI\SLY MOVE4 ,= ?\< ,/RIFE
,84SOCIAT$0'1 X 0 N 0,/RIFE T ! ,8,E!R0'
0 BORNE UPW>DS4 ,ON ! 3TR>Y1 "S"TS HE
ATTRIBUTES XS MOVE;T 6"S?+ L *.E 7,8,=
?US1 Z X RAN1 X HAPP5$ 6MEET !M !N1 ?\<
(T5 O!RWISE071 :ILE AT O!R "TS HE SAYS X
IS ! NATURE ( ,FIRE 6BE BORNE UPW>DS1 B
,8! ,E!R0' 76QUOTE 8 ^WS7 ,8SANK D[N ^U
! ,E>? ) L;G ROOTS0'4 ,) S* /ATE;TS1
TOO1 HE -B9ES ! ASS];N T ! ,ORD] (! ,_W
IS ! SAME N[1 9 ! REIGN ( ,/RIFE1 Z X 0
=M]LY 9 ! REIGN ( ,LOVE4 ,:AT1 !N1 IS !
,8F/ MOV]0' (! ,8ELE;TS0'8 ,:AT CAUSES
_! MO;N8 ,PRESUMABLY N ,LOVE & ,/RIFE3
ON ! 3TR>Y1 ^! >E CAUSES (A "PICUL>
MO;N1 IF AT L1/ WE ASSUME T ,8F/ MOV]0'
6BE AN ORIG9ATIVE S\RCE0'4
  ,AN A4I;NAL P>ADOX IS T ! S\L %D 3SI/
(! ,8ELE;TS0'1 OR T X %D 2 "O ( !M4 ,H[
>E ! S\L'S ,8ALT],NS0' 6TAKE ,PLACE8
,H[1 E4G4 IS ! *ANGE F 2+ MUSICAL 62+
UNMUSICAL1 OR H[ IS MEMORY OR =GETT+1
6O3UR8 ,= CLE>LY1 IF ! S\L 2 ,FIRE1 ONLY
S* MODIFIC,NS W HAPP5 6X Z "*IZE ,FIRE
QUA ,FIRE3 :ILE IF X 2 -P.D$ \ (!
ELE;TS0'1 ONLY ! CORPOR1L MODIFIC,NS W
O3UR 9 X4 ,B ! *ANGES WE H M5;N$ >E N"O
( !M CORPOR1L4

                   #G
  ,! 4CUS.N ( ^! DI6ICULTIES1 H["E1 IS A
TASK APPROPRIATE 6A DI6]5T 9VE/IG,N30'
LET U RETURN 6! ,8ELE;TS0' ( : BODIES >E
-POS$4 ,! !ORIES T ,8"! IS "S?+ -MON
6ALL ! 8ELE;TS00'1 & T !Y >E RECIPROC,Y
TRANS=M$0'1 >E S RELAT$ T ^? :O A3EPT EI
>E B.D 6A3EPT ! O!R Z WELL4 ,^?1 ON !
O!R H&1 :O D N MAKE _! -+-TO-BE
RECIPROCAL-:O REFUSE 6SUPPOSE T ANY "O (
! ,8ELE;TS0' -ES-TO-BE \ ( ANY O!R TAK5
S+LY1 EXCEPT 9 ! S5SE 9 : BRICKS -E-TO-
BE \ (A WALL->E FAC$ )A P>ADOX4 ,H[1 ON
_! !ORY1 >E FLE% & B"OS OR ANY (! O!R
-P.DS 6RESULT F ! ,8ELE;TS0' TAK5 TGR8
  ,9DE$1 ! PO9T WE H RAIS$ 3/ITUTES A
PRO#M EV5 = ^? :O G5]ATE ! ,8ELE;TS0' \
( "O ANO!R4 ,9 :AT MANN] DOES ANY?+ O!R
?AN1 & 2S1 ! ,8ELE;TS0' -E-TO-BE \ ( !M8
,LET ME ILLU/RATE MY M1N+4 ,WAT] C -E-
TO-BE \ ( ,FIRE & ,FIRE \ ( ,WAT]2 = _!
SUB/RALUM IS "S?+ -MON 6!M BO?4 ,B FLE%
TOO1 PRESUMABLY1 & M>R[ -E-TO-BE \ ( !M4
,H[1 !N1 D S* ?+S -E TO-BE8 ,= 7A7 H[ IS
! MANN] ( _! -+-TO-BE 6BE 3CVD 0^? :O
MA9TA9 A !ORY L T ( ,EMP$OCLES8 ,!Y M/
3CV X Z -POSI;N-J Z A WALL -ES-TO-BE \ (
BRICKS & /"OS3 &! ,8,MIXTURE0'1 ( : !Y
SP1K1 W 2 -POS$ (! ,8ELE;TS0'1 ^! 2+
PRES]V$ 9 X UNALT]$ B ) _! SMALL "PICLES
JUXTAPOS$ EA* 6EA*4 ,T W 2 ! MANN]1
PRESUMABLY1 9 : FLE% & E O!R -P.D
RESULTS F ! ,8ELE;TS0'4 ,3SEQU5TLY1 X
FOLL[S T ,FIRE & ,WAT] D N -E-TO-BE ,8\
( ANY & E "P ( FLE%0'4 ,= 9/.E1 AL? A
SPH]E MI<T -E-TO-BE \ ( ? "P (A LUMP (
WAX &A PYRAMID \ ( "S O!R "P1 X 0 N"E!.S
POSSI# = EI FIGURE 6H -E-TO-BE \ ( EI "P
9DI6]5TLY3 T IS ! MANN] ( -+-TO-BE :5
,8BO? ,FIRE & ,WAT] -E-TO-BE \ ( ANY & E
"P ( FLE%0'4 ,^?1 H["E1 :O MA9TA9 ! !ORY
9 "Q1 >E N AT LIB]TY 63CV T ,8BO? -E-TO-
BE \ ( FLE%0' 9 T MANN]1 B ONLY Z A /"O
&A BRICK ,8BO? -E-TO-BE \ (A WALL'-VIZ4
EA* \ (A DI6]5T PLACE OR "P4 ,SIMIL>LY
7B7 EV5 = ^? :O PO/ULATE A S+LE MATT] (
_! ,8ELE;TS0' "! IS A C]TA9 DI6ICULTY 9
EXPLA9+ H[ ANY?+ IS 6RESULT F TWO ( !M
TAK5 TGR-E4G4 F ,8COLD0' & HOT0'1 OR F
,FIRE & ,E>?4 ,= IF FLE% 3SI/S ( BO? &
IS NEI ( !M1 NOR AG IS A ,8-POSI;N0' (
!M 9 : !Y >E PRES]V$ UNALT]$1 :AT
ALT]NATIVE IS LEFT EXCEPT 6ID5TIFY !
RESULTANT (! TWO ,8ELE;TS0' ) _! MATT]8
,=! PASS+AWAY ( EI ,8ELE;T0' PRODUCES EI
! O!R OR ! MATT]4
  ,P]H WE MAY SU7E/ ! FOLL[+ SOLU;N4 7I7
,"! >E DI6];ES ( DEGREE 9 HOT & COLD4
,AL?1 "!=E1 :5 EI IS FULLY R1L )\T
QUALIFIC,N1 ! O!R W EXI/ POT5TI,Y2 YET1
:5 NEI EXI/S 9 ! FULL -PLETE;S ( XS 2+1
B BO? 0-B9+ DE/ROY "O ANO!R'S EXCESSES S
T "! EXI/ 9/1D A HOT : 7=A ,8HOT0'7 IS
COLD &A COLD : 7=A ,8COLD0'7 IS HOT2 !N
:AT RESULTS F ^! TWO 3TR>IES W 2 NEI _!
MATT]1 NOR EI ( !M EXI/+ 9 XS FULL R1L;Y
)\T QUALIFIC,N4 ,"! W RESULT 9/1D AN
,89T]M$IATE0'3 & ? ,89T]M$IATE0'1 AC Z X
IS POT5TI,Y M HOT ?AN COLD OR VICE V]SA1
W POSSESS A P[]-(-H1T+ T IS D\# OR
TRIPLE XS P[]-(-COOL+1 OR O!RWISE RELAT$
"!TO 9 "S SIMIL> RATIO4 ,?US ALL ! O!R
BODIES W RESULT F ! 3TR>IES1 OR R F !
,8ELE;TS0'1 9 S F> Z ^! H BE5 ,8-B9$0'3
:ILE ! ELE;TS0' W RESULT F ! 3TR>IES1 9
S F> Z ^! ,8EXI/ POT5TI,Y0' 9 A SPECIAL
S5SE-N Z MATT] ,8EXI/S POT5TI,Y0'1 B 9 !
S5SE EXPLA9$ ABV4 ,& :5 A ?+ -ES-TO-BE 9
? MANN]1 ! PROCESS IS COB9,N0'2 ":AS :AT
-ES-TO-BE 9 ! O!R MANN] IS MATT]4
,MOREOV] 7;II7 3TR>IES AL ,8SU6] AC;N0'1
9 A3ORD.E )! 4JUNCTIVELY->TICULAT$
DEF9I;N E/ABLI%$ 9 ! E>LY "P ( ? "W40'
,=! ACTU,Y-HOT IS POT5TI,Y-COLD &!
ACTU,Y COLD POT5TI,Y-HOT2 S T HOT &
COLD1 UN.S !Y >E EQU,Y BAL.ED1 >E
TRANS=M$ 96"O ANO!R 7& ALL ! O!R 3TR>IES
2HAVE 9 A SIMIL> WAY74 ,X IS ?US1 !N1 T
9 ! F/ PLACE ! ,8ELE;TS0' >E TRANS=M$2 &
T 7IN ! SECOND PLACE7 \ (! ,8ELE;TS0' "!
-E-TO-BE FLE% & B"OS &! L-! HOT 2COM+
COLD &! COLD 2COM+ HOT :5 !Y H BE5 BR"\
6! ,8M1N0'4 ,= AT ! ,8M1N0' IS NEI HOT
NOR COLD4 ,! ,8M1N0'1 H["E1 IS ( 3SID]A#
EXT5T & N 9DIVISI#4 ,SIMIL>LY1 X IS QUA
REDUC$ 6A ,8M1N0' 3DI;N T ! DRY &! MOI/1
Z WELL Z ! 3TR>IES WE H US$ Z EXAMPLES1
PRODUCE FLE% & B"O &! REMA9+ -P.DS4

                   #H
  ,ALL ! -P.D BODIES-ALL ( : EXI/ 9 !
REGION 2L;G+ 6! C5TRAL BODY->E -POS$ (
ALL ! ,8SIMPLE0' BODIES4 ,= !Y ALL 3TA9
,E>? 2C E ,8SIMPLE0' BODY IS 6BE F.D
SPECI,Y & MO/ ABUNDANTLY 9 XS [N PLACE4
,& !Y ALL 3TA9 ,WAT] 2C 7A7 ! -P.D M/
POSSESS A DEF9ITE \TL9E & ,WAT]1 AL"O (!
,8SIMPLE0' BODIES1 IS R1DILY ADAPTA# 9
%APE3 MOREOV] 7B7 ,E>? HAS NO P[] (
COHE.N )\T ! MOI/4 ,ON ! 3TR>Y1 ! MOI/
IS :AT HOLDS X TGR2 = X WD FALL 6PIECES
IF ! MOI/ 7 ELIM9AT$ F X -PLETELY4
  ,!Y 3TA9 ,E>? & ,WAT]1 !N1 =! R1SONS
WE H GIV53 & !Y 3TA9 ,AIR & ,FIRE1 2C ^!
>E 3TR>Y 6,E>? & ,WAT] 7,E>? 2+ 3TR>Y
6,AIR & ,WAT] 6,FIRE1 9 S F> Z "O
,SUB/.E C 2 ,83TR>Y0' 6ANO!R74 ,N[ ALL
-P.DS PRESUPPOSE 9 _! -+-TO-BE 3/ITU5TS
: >E 3TR>Y 6"O ANO!R3 & 9 ALL -P.DS "!
IS 3TA9$ "O SET (! 3TRA/$ EXTREMES4 ,H;E
! O!R SET M/ 2 3TA9$ 9 !M AL1 S T E -P.D
W 9CLUDE ALL ! ,8SIMPLE0' BODIES4
  ,A4I;NAL EVID;E SEEMS 6BE FURNI%$ 0!
FOOD EA* -P.D TAKES4 ,= ALL ( !M >E F$
0SUB/.ES : >E ! SAME Z _! 3/ITU5TS1 &
ALL ( !M >E F$ 0M SUB/.ES ?AN "O4 ,9DE$1
EV5 ! PLANTS1 ?\< X MI<T 2 ?"\ !Y >E F$
0"O SUB/.E ONLY1 VIZ4 0,WAT]1 >E F$ 0M
?AN "O3 = ,E>? HAS BE5 MIX$ )! ,WAT]4 ,T
IS :Y F>M]S TOO 5D1V\R 6MIX 2F WAT]+4
,AL? FOOD IS AK9 6! MATT]1 T : IS F$ IS
! ,8FIGURE'-I4E4 ! ,8=M0' TAK5 AL;G )!
MATT]4 ,? FACT 5A#S U 6"U/& :Y1 ":AS ALL
! ,8SIMPLE0' BODIES -E-TO-BE \ ( "O
ANO!R1 ,FIRE IS ! ONLY "O ( !M : 7Z \R
PR$ECESSORS AL ASS]T7 ,8IS F$0'4 ,=
,FIRE AL"O-OR M ?AN ALL ! RE/-IS AK9 6!
,8=M0' 2C X T5DS 0NATURE 6BE BORNE T[>DS
! LIMIT4 ,N[ EA* ( !M NATUR,Y T5DS 6BE
BORNE T[>DS XS [N PLACE2 B ! ,8FIGURE'-
I4E4 ! ,8=M'-,( !M ALL IS AT ! LIMITS4
  ,?US WE H EXPLA9$ T ALL ! -P.D BODIES
>E -POS$ ( ALL ! ,8SIMPLE0' BODIES4
                   #I
  ,S9CE "S ?+S >E S* Z 6-E-TO-BE & PASS-
AWAY1 & S9CE -+-TO-BE 9 FACT O3URS 9 !
REGION AB ! C5TRE1 WE M/ EXPLA9 ! NUMB]
&! NATURE (! ,8ORIG9ATIVE S\RCES0' ( ALL
-+-TO-BE ALIKE3 =A GRASP (! TRUE !ORY (
ANY UNIV]SAL FACILITATES ! "U/&+ ( XS
SPECIFIC =MS4
  ,! ,8ORIG9ATIVE S\RCES0'1 !N1 (! ?+S :
-E-TO-BE >E EQUAL 9 NUMB] TO1 & ID5TICAL
9 K9D )1 ^? 9 ! SPH]E (! ET]NAL & PRIM>Y
?+S4 ,= "! IS "O 9 ! S5SE ( ,8MATT]0'1 &
A SECOND 9 ! S5SE ( ,8=M0'3 &1 9 A4I;N1
! ?IRD ,8ORIG9ATIVE S\RCE0' M/ 2 PRES5T
Z WELL4 ,=! TWO F/ >E N SU6ICI5T 6BR+
?+S 962+1 ANY M ?AN !Y >E ADEQUATE 6A3.T
=! PRIM>Y ?+S4
  ,N[ CAUSE1 9 ! S5SE ( MAT]IAL ORIG91 =
! ?+S : >E S* Z 6-E-TO-BE IS ,8T : C BE-
&-N-BE0'3 & ? IS ID5TICAL )'?AT : C -E-
TO-BE-&-PASS-AWAY0'1 S9CE ! LATT]1 :ILE
X IS AT "O "T1 AT ANO!R "T IS N4 7,=
":AS "S ?+S >E ( NECESS;Y1 VIZ4 ! ET]NAL
?+S1 O!RS ( NECESS;Y >E N4 ,&( ^! TWO
SETS ( ?+S1 S9CE !Y _C DIV]GE F !
NECESS;Y ( _! NATURE1 X IS IMPOSSI# =!
F/ N 6HE & IMPOSSI# =! SECOND 6HE4 ,O!R
?+S1 H["E1 C BO? 2 & N HE47 ,H;E -+-TO-
BE & PASS+-AWAY M/ O3UR )9 ! FIELD ( ,8T
: C BE-& N-BE0'4 ,?1 "!=E1 IS CAUSE 9 !
S5SE ( MAT]IAL ORIG9 =! ?+S : >E S* Z
6-E-TO-BE2 :ILE CAUSE1 9 ! S5SE ( _!
,85D0'1 IS _! ,8FIGURE0' OR ,8=M'-& T IS
! =MULA EXPRESS+ ! ESS5TIAL NATURE ( EA*
( !M4
  ,B ! ?IRD ,8ORIG9ATIVE S\RCE0' M/ 2
PRES5T Z WELL-! CAUSE VAGUELY DR1M$ (
0ALL \R PR$ECESSORS1 DEF9ITELY /AT$ 0N"O
( !M4 ,ON ! 3TR>Y 7A7 "S AM;G/ !M ?"\ !
NATURE ( ,8! ,=MS0' 0 ADEQUATE 6A3.T =
-+-TO-BE4 ,?US ,SOCRATES 9 ! ,PHAEDO F/
BLAMES "EYBODY ELSE = HAV+ GIV5 NO
EXPLAN,N2 & !N LAYS X D[N2 T ,8"S ?+S >E
,=MS1 O!RS ,"PICIPANTS 9 ! ,=MS0'1 & T
,8:ILE A ?+ IS SD TO 8BE0 9 VIRTUE (!
,=M1 X IS SD TO 8-E-TO-BE0 QUA %>+ IN10
TO 8PASS-AWAY0 QUA 8LOS+10 ! ,8,=M0'4
,H;E HE ?9KS T ,8ASSUM+ ! TRU? ( ^!
!SES1 ! ,=MS M/ 2 CAUSES BO? ( -+-TO-BE
&( PASS+-AWAY0'4 ,ON ! O!R H& 7B7 "! 7
O!RS :O ?"\ ,8! MATT]0' 0 ADEQUATE 0XF
6A3.T = -+-TO-BE1 S9CE ,8! MOVE;T
ORIG9ATES F ! MATT]0'4
  ,NEI ( ^! !ORIES1 H["E1 IS S.D4 ,= 7A7
IF ! ,=MS >E CAUSES1 :Y IS _! G5]AT+
ACTIV;Y 9T]MITT5T 9/1D ( P]PETUAL &
3T9U\S-S9CE "! ALW >E ,"PICIPANTS Z WELL
Z ,=MS8 ,2SS1 9 "S 9/.ES WE SEE T !
CAUSE IS O!R ?AN ! ,=M4 ,= X IS ! DOCTOR
:O IMPLANTS H1L? &! MAN ( SCI;E :O
IMPLANTS SCI;E1 AL? ,8,H1L? XF0' &
,8,SCI;E XF0' >E Z WELL Z ! ,"PICIPANTS3
&! SAME PR9CIPLE APPLIES 6"EY?+ ELSE T
IS PRODUC$ 9 A3ORD.E ) AN >T4 ,ON ! O!R
H& 7B7 6SAY T ,8MATT] G5]ATES [+ 6XS
MOVE;T0' WD BE1 NO D\BT1 M SCI5TIFIC ?AN
6MAKE S* /ATE;TS Z >E MADE 0! ?9K]S WE H
BE5 CRITICIZ+4 ,= :AT ,8ALT]S0' &
TRANSFIGURES PLAYS A GRT] "P 9 BR++1 ?+S
962+2 & WE >E "EY": A3U/OM$1 9 !
PRODUCTS ( NATURE &( >T ALIKE1 6LOOK ^U
T : C 9ITIATE MOVE;T Z ! PRODUC+ CAUSE4
,N"E!.S ? SECOND !ORY IS N "R EI4
  ,=1 62G9 )1 X IS "*I/IC ( MATT] 6SU6]
AC;N1 I4E4 6BE MOV$3 B 6MOVE1 I4E4 6ACT1
2L;GS 6A DI6]5T ,8P[]0'4 ,? IS OBVI\S
BO? 9 ! ?+S T -E-TO-BE 0>T & 9 ^? T -E
TO-BE 0NATURE4 ,WAT] DOES N ( XF PRODUCE
\ ( XF AN ANIMAL3 & X IS ! >T1 N ! WOOD1
T MAKES A B$4 ,NOR IS ? _! ONLY ]ROR4
,!Y MAKE A SECOND MISTAKE 9 OMITT+ ! M
3TROLL+ CAUSE3 = !Y ELIM9ATE ! ESS5TIAL
NATURE1 I4E4 ! ,8=M0'4 ,& :AT IS M1 S9CE
!Y REMOVE ! =MAL CAUSE1 !Y 9VE/ ! =CES
!Y ASSIGN 6! ,8SIMPLE0' BODIES-! =CES :
5A# ^! BODIES 6BR+ ?+S 962+-) TOO
9/RU;TAL A "*4 ,= ,8S9CE0' 7Z !Y SAY7
,8X IS ! NATURE (! HOT 64SOCIATE1 (!
COLD 6BR+ TGR1 &( EA* REMA9+ 3TR>Y EI
6ACT OR 6SU6] AC;N0'1 X IS \ ( S*
MAT]IALS & 0_! AG5CY 7S !Y MA9TA97 T
"EY?+ ELSE -ES-TO-BE & PASSES-AWAY4 ,YET
7A7 X IS EVID5T T EV5 ,FIRE IS XF MOV$1
I4E4 SU6]S AC;N4 ,MOREOV] 7B7 _!
PROC$URE IS VIRTU,Y ! SAME Z IF "O 7
6TR1T ! SAW 7&! V>I\S 9/RU;TS ( C>P5TRY7
Z ,8! CAUSE0' (! ?+S T -E-TO-BE3 =! WOOD
M/ 2 DIVID$ IF A MAN SAWS1 M/ 2COME
SMOO? IF HE PLANES1 & S ON )! REMA9+
TOOLS4 ,H;E1 H["E TRUE X MAY 2 T ,FIRE
IS ACTIVE1 I4E4 SETS ?+S MOV+1 "! IS A
FUR!R PO9T !Y FAIL 6OBS]VE-VIZ4 T ,FIRE
IS 9F]IOR 6! TOOLS OR 9/RU;TS 9 ! MANN]
9 : X SETS ?+S MOV+4
                  #AJ
  ,Z 6\R [N !ORY-WE H GIV5 A G5]AL A3.T
(! CAUSES 9 AN E>LI] "W10' WE H N[
EXPLA9$ & 4T+UI%$ ! ,8MATT]0' &! ,8=M0'4
,FUR!R1 S9CE ! *ANGE : IS MO;N HAS BE5
PROV$0' 6BE ET]NAL1 ! 3T9U;Y (! O3URR;E
( -+-TO-BE FOLL[S NECESS>ILY F :AT WE H
E/ABLI%$3 =! ET]NAL MO;N1 0CAUS+ ,8!
G5]ATOR0' 6APPROA* & RETIRE1 W PRODUCE
-+-TO-BE UN9T]RUPT$LY4 ,AT ! SAME "T X
IS CLE> T WE 7 "R :51 9 AN E>LI] "W10'
WE CALL$ MO;N 7N -+-TO-BE7 ,8! PRIM>Y =M
( *ANGE0'4 ,= X IS F> M R1SONA# T :AT IS
%D CAUSE ! -+-TO-BE ( :AT IS N1 ?AN T
:AT IS N %D CAUSE ! 2+ ( :AT IS4 ,N[ T :
IS 2+ MOV$ IS1 B T : IS -+-TO-BE IS N3
H;E1 AL1 MO;N IS PRIOR 6-+-TO-BE4
  ,WE H ASSUM$1 & H PROV$1 T -+-TO-BE &
PASS+-AWAY HAPP5 6?+S 3T9U\SLY2 & WE
ASS]T T MO;N CAUSES -+-TO-BE4 ,T 2+ S1 X
IS EVID5T T1 IF ! MO;N 2 S+LE1 BO?
PROCESSES _C O3UR S9CE !Y >E 3TR>Y 6"O
ANO!R3 = X IS A LAW ( NATURE T ! SAME
CAUSE1 PROVID$ X REMA9 9 ! SAME 3DI;N1
ALW PRODUCES ! SAME E6ECT1 S T1 F A S+LE
MO;N1 EI -+-TO-BE OR PASS+-AWAY W ALW
RESULT4 ,! MOVE;TS M/1 ON ! 3TR>Y1 2 M
?AN "O1 & !Y M/ 2 3TRA/$ ) "O ANO!R EI
0! S5SE ( _! MO;N OR 0XS IRREGUL>;Y3 =
3TR>Y E6ECTS DEM& 3TR>IES Z _! CAUSES4
  ,? EXPLA9S :Y X IS N ! PRIM>Y MO;N T
CAUSES -+-TO-BE & PASS+AWAY1 B ! MO;N
AL;G ! 9CL9$ CIRCLE3 = ? MO;N N ONLY
POSSESSES ! NEC 3T9U;Y1 B 9CLUDES A
DUAL;Y ( MOVE;TS Z WELL4 ,= IF -+-TO-BE
& PASS+-AWAY >E ALW 6BE 3T9U\S1 "! M/ 2
"S BODY ALW 2+ MOV$ 7IN ORD] T ^! *ANGES
MAY N FAIL7 & MOV$ )A DUAL;Y ( MOVE;TS
7IN ORD] T BO? *ANGES1 N "O ONLY1 MAY
RESULT74 ,N[ ! 3T9U;Y ( ? MOVE;T IS
CAUS$ 0! MO;N (! :OLE3 B ! APPROA*+ &
RETR1T+ (! MOV+ BODY >E CAUS$ 0! 9CL9,N4
,=! 3SEQU;E (! 9CL9,N IS T ! BODY 2COMES
ALT]NATELY REMOTE & NE>2 & S9CE XS 4T.E
IS ?US UNEQUAL1 XS MOVE;T W 2 IRREGUL>4
,"!=E1 IF X G5]ATES 0APPROA*+ & 0XS
PROXIM;Y1 X-? V SAME BODY-DE/ROYS
0RETR1T+ & 2COM+ REMOTE3 & IF X G5]ATES
0_M SU3ESSIVE APPROA*ES1 X AL DE/ROYS
0_M SU3ESSIVE RETIRE;TS4 ,= 3TR>Y E6ECTS
DEM& 3TR>IES Z _! CAUSES2 &! NATURAL
PROCESSES ( PASS+-AWAY & -+-TO-BE O3UPY
EQUAL P]IODS ( "T4 ,H;E1 TOO1 ! "TS-I4E4
! LIVES-(! S"EAL K9DS ( LIV+ ?+S H A
NUMB] 0: !Y >E 4T+UI%$3 = "! IS AN ,ORD]
3TROLL+ ALL ?+S1 & E "T 7I4E4 E LIFE7 IS
M1SUR$ 0A P]IOD4 ,N ALL ( !M1 H["E1 >E
M1SUR$ 0! SAME P]IOD1 B "S 0A SMALL] &
O!RS 0A GRT] "O3 = 6"S ( !M ! P]IOD1 :
IS _! M1SURE1 IS A YE>1 :ILE 6"S X IS
L;G] & 6O!RS %ORT]4
  ,& "! >E FACTS ( OBS]V,N 9 MANIFE/
AGREE;T ) \R !ORIES4 ,?US WE SEE T -+-
TO-BE O3URS Z ! SUN APPROA*ES & DECAY Z
X RETR1TS2 & WE SEE T ! TWO PROCESSES
O3UPY EQUAL "TS4 ,=! DUR,NS (! NATURAL
PROCESSES ( PASS+-AWAY & -+-TO-BE >E
EQUAL4 ,N"E!.S X ,(T5 HAPP5S T ?+S PASS-
AWAY 9 TOO %ORT A "T4 ,? IS DUE 6!
,89T]M+L+0' 0: ! ?+S T -E-TO-BE & PASS-
AWAY >E IMPLICAT$ ) "O ANO!R4 ,= _!
MATT] IS ,8IRREGUL>0'1 I4E4 IS N "EY": !
SAME3 H;E ! PROCESSES 0: !Y -E-TO-BE M/
2 ,8IRREGUL>0' TOO1 I4E4 "S TOO QK &
O!RS TOO SL[4 ,3SEQU5TLY ! PH5OM5ON 9 "Q
O3URS1 2C ! ,8IRREGUL>0' -+-TO-BE ( ^!
?+S IS ! PASS+-AWAY ( O!R ?+S4
  ,-+-TO-BE & PASS+-AWAY W1 Z WE H SD1
ALW 2 3T9U\S1 & W N"E FAIL [+ 6! CAUSE
WE /AT$4 ,& ? 3T9U;Y HAS A SU6ICI5T
R1SON ON \R !ORY4 ,= 9 ALL ?+S1 Z WE
A6IRM1 ,NATURE ALW /RIVES AF ,8!
BETT]0'4 ,N[ ,82+0' 7WE H EXPLA9$ ELSE":
! EXACT V>IETY ( M1N+S WE RECOGNIZE 9 ?
T]M7 IS BETT] ?AN ,8N-2+0'3 B N ALL ?+S
C POSSESS ,82+0'1 S9CE !Y >E TOO F>
REMOV$ F ! ,8ORIG9ATIVE S\RCE4 ,8,GOD
"!=E ADOPT$ ! REMA9+ ALT]NATIVE1 &
FULFILL$ ! P]FEC;N (! UNIV]SE 0MAK+ -+-
TO-BE UN9T]RUPT$3 =! GRTE/ POSSI# COH];E
WD ?US 2 SECUR$ 6EXI/;E1 2C T ,8-+-TO-BE
%D XF -E-TO-BE P]PETU,Y0' IS ! CLOSE/
APPROXIM,N 6ET]NAL 2+4
  ,! CAUSE ( ? P]PETU;Y ( -+-TO-BE1 Z WE
H (T5 SD1 IS CIRCUL> MO;N3 = T IS ! ONLY
MO;N : IS 3T9U\S4 ,T1 TOO1 IS :Y ALL !
O!R ?+S-! ?+S1 ,I M1N1 : >E RECIPROC,Y
TRANS=M$ 9 VIRTUE ( _! ,8PAS.NS0' & _!
,8P[]S ( AC;N0' E4G4 ! ,8SIMPLE0'
BODIESIMITATE CIRCUL> MO;N4 ,= :5 ,WAT]
IS TRANS=M$ 96,AIR1 ,AIR 96,FIRE1 &!
,FIRE BACK 96,WAT]1 WE SAY ! -+-TO-BE
,8HAS -PLET$ ! CIRCLE0'1 2C X REV]TS AG
6! 2G9N+4 ,H;E X IS 0IMITAT+ CIRCUL>
MO;N T RECTIL9E> MO;N TOO IS 3T9U\S4
  ,^! 3SID],NS S]VE AT ! SAME "T 6EXPLA9
:AT IS 6"S P A BA6L+ PRO#M-VIZ4 :Y !
,8SIMPLE0' BODIES1 S9CE EA* !M IS
TRAVELL+ T[>DS XS [N PLACE1 H N 2COME
4S"E$ F "O ANO!R 9 ! 9F9ITE LAPSE ( "T4
,! R1SON IS _! RECIPROCAL TRANS=M,N4 ,=1
_H EA* ( !M P]SI/$ 9 XS [N PLACE 9/1D (
2+ TRANS=M$ 0XS NEI<B\R1 !Y WD H GOT
4S"E$ L;G AGO4 ,!Y >E TRANS=M$1 H["E1 [+
6! MO;N ) XS DUAL "*3 & 2C !Y >E
TRANS=M$1 N"O ( !M IS A# 6P]SI/ 9 ANY
PLACE ALLOTT$ 6X 0! ,ORD]4
  ,X IS CLE> F :AT HAS BE5 SD 7I7 T -+-
TO-BE & PASS+-AWAY ACTU,Y O3UR1 7;II7
:AT CAUSES !M1 & 7;III7 :AT SUBJECT
"UGOES !M4 ,B 7A7 IF "! IS 6BE MOVE;T 7Z
WE H EXPLA9$ ELSE":1 9 AN E>LI] "W0'7 "!
M/ 2 "S?+ : 9ITIATES X2 IF "! IS 6BE
MOVE;T ALW1 "! M/ ALW 2 "S?+ : 9ITIATES
X2 IF ! MOVE;T IS 6BE 3T9U\S1 :AT
9ITIATES X M/ 2 S+LE1 UNMOV$1 UNG5]AT$1
& 9CAPA# ( ,8ALT],N0'2 & IF ! CIRCUL>
MOVE;TS >E M ?AN "O1 _! 9ITIAT+ CAUSES
M/ ALL ( !M1 9 SPITE ( _! PLURAL;Y1 2 9
"S WAY SUBORD9AT$ 6A S+LE ,8ORIG9ATIVE
S\RCE0'4 ,FUR!R 7B7 S9CE "T IS 3T9U\S1
MOVE;T M/ 2 3T9U\S1 9ASM* Z "! C 2 NO "T
)\T MOVE;T4 ,"T1 "!=E1 IS A ,8NUMB]0' (
"S 3T9U\S MOVE;T-A ,8NUMB]0'1 "!=E1 (!
CIRCUL> MOVE;T1 Z 0 E/ABLI%$ 9 ! 4CUS.NS
AT ! 2G9N+4 ,B 7C7 IS MOVE;T 3T9U\S 2C (
! 3T9U;Y ( T : IS MOV$1 OR 2C T 9 : !
MOVE;T O3URS 7,I M1N1 E4G4 ! PLACE OR !
QUAL;Y7 IS 3T9U\S8 ,! ANSW] M/ CLE>LY 2
,82C T : IS MOV$ IS 3T9U\S0'4 7,= H[ C !
QUAL;Y 2 3T9U\S EXCEPT 9 VIRTUE (!
3T9U;Y (! ?+ 6: X 2L;GS8 ,B IF ! 3T9U;Y
( ,8T 9 :0' 3TRIBUTES 6MAKE ! MOVE;T
3T9U\S1 ? IS TRUE ONLY ( ,8! PLACE 9
:0'2 = T HAS ,8MAGNITUDE0' 9 A S5SE47 ,B
7D7 AM;G/ 3T9U\S BODIES : >E MOV$1 ONLY
T : IS MOV$ 9 A CIRCLE IS ,83T9U\S0' 9
S* A WAY T X PRES]VES XS 3T9U;Y ) XF
"?\T ! MOVE;T4 ,! 3CLU.N "!=E IS T ? IS
:AT PRODUCES 3T9U\S MOVE;T1 VIZ4 ! BODY
: IS 2+ MOV$ 9 A CIRCLE2 & XS MOVE;T
MAKES "T 3T9U\S4
                  #AA
  ,:]"E "! IS 3T9U;Y 9 ANY PROCESS 7-+-
TO-BE OR ,8ALT],N0' OR ANY K9D ( *ANGE
:AT"E7 WE OBS]VE 3SECUTIVE;S0'1 I4E4 ?
-+-TO-BE AF T )\T ANY 9T]VAL4 ,H;E WE M/
9VE/IGATE :E!R1 AM;G/ ! 3SECUTIVE
MEMB]S1 "! IS ANY ^: FUTURE 2+ IS NEC2
OR :E!R1 ON ! 3TR>Y1 E "O ( !M MAY FAIL
6-E-TO-BE4 ,= T "S ( !M MAY FAIL 6O3UR1
IS CLE>4 7A7 ,WE NE$ ONLY APP1L 6!
4T9C;N 2T ! /ATE;TS 'X W BE0' & 'X IS AB
6: DEP5DS ^U ? FACT4 ,= IF X 2 TRUE 6SAY
( ;X T X ,8W BE0'1 X M/ AT "S "T 2 TRUE
6SAY ( X T ,8X IS0'3 ":AS1 ?\< X 2 TRUE
6SAY ( ;X N[ T ,8X IS AB 6O3UR0'1 X IS Q
POSSI# = X N 6-E-TO-BE-?US A MAN MI<T N
WALK1 ?\< HE IS N[ ,8AB TO0' WALK4 ,&
7B7 S9CE 76APP1L 6A G5]AL PR9CIPLE7
AM;G/ ! ?+S : ,8>E0' "S >E CAPA# AL (
,8N-2+0'1 X IS CLE> T ! SAME AMBIGU\S "*
W ATTA* 6!M NO LESS :5 !Y >E -+-TO-BE3 9
O!R ^WS1 _! -+-TO-BE W N 2 NEC4
  ,!N >E ALL ! ?+S T -E-TO-BE ( ? 3T+5T
"*8 ,OR1 ON ! 3TR>Y1 IS X ABSOLUTELY NEC
= "S ( !M 6-E-TO-BE8 ,IS "!1 9 FACT1 A
4T9C;N 9 ! FIELD ( ,8-+-TO-BE0'
CORRESPOND+ 6! 4T9C;N1 )9 ! FIELD (
,82+0'1 2T ?+S T _C POSSIBLY ,8N-BE0' &
?+S T C ,8N-BE0'8 ,= 9/.E1 IS X NEC T
SOL/ICES % -E-TO-BE1 I4E4 IMPOSSI# T !Y
%D FAIL 6BE A# 6O3UR8
  ,ASSUM+ T ! ANTEC$5T M/ H -E-TO-BE IF
! 3SEQU5T IS 6BE 7E4G4 T F.D,NS M/ H -E-
TO-BE IF "! IS 6BE A H\SE3 CLAY1 IF "!
>E 6BE F.D,NS71 IS ! 3V]SE AL TRUE8 ,IF
F.D,NS H -E-TO-BE1 M/ A H\SE -E-TO-BE8
,! ANSW] SEEMS 6BE T ! NEC NEXUS NO L;G]
HOLDS1 UN.S X IS ,8NEC0' =! 3SEQU5T 7Z
WELL Z =! ANTEC$5T7 6-E-TO-BE-,8NEC0'
ABSOLUTELY4 ,IF T 2 ! CASE1 H["E1 'A
H\SE M/ -E TO-BE IF F.D,NS H -E-TO-BE0'1
Z WELL Z VICE V]SA4 ,=! ANTEC$5T 0
ASSUM$ 6BE S RELAT$ 6! 3SEQU5T T1 IF !
LATT] IS 6BE1 ! ANTEC$5T M/ H -E-TOBE 2F
X4 ,IF1 "!=E1 X IS NEC T ! 3SEQU5T %D
-E-TO-BE1 ! ANTEC$5T AL M/ H -E-TO-BE3 &
IF ! ANTEC$5T HAS -E-TO-BE1 !N ! 3SEQU5T
AL M/ -E-TO-BE-N1 H["E1 2C (! ANTEC$5T1
B 2C ! FUTURE 2+ (! 3SEQU5T 0 ASSUM$ Z
NEC4 ,H;E1 9 ANY SEQU;E1 :5 ! 2+ (!
3SEQU5T IS NEC1 ! NEXUS IS RECIPROCAL-IN
O!R ^WS1 :5 ! ANTEC$5T HAS -E-TO-BE !
3SEQU5T M/ ALW -E-TO-BE TOO4
  ,N[ 7I7 IF ! SEQU;E ( O3URR;ES IS
6PROCE$ AD 9F9ITUM ,8D[NW>DS0'1 ! -+ TO-
BE ( ANY DET]M9ATE ,8?0' AM;G/ ! LAT]
MEMB]S (! SEQU;E W N 2 ABSOLUTELY1 B
ONLY 3DI;N,Y1 NEC4 ,= X W ALW 2 NEC T "S
O!R MEMB] % H -E-TO-BE 2F ,8?0' Z !
PRESUPPOS$ 3DI;N (! NECESS;Y T ,8?0' %D
-E-TO-BE3 3SEQU5TLY1 S9CE :AT IS
,89F9ITE0' HAS NO ,8ORIG9ATIVE S\RCE0'1
NEI W "! 2 9 ! 9F9ITE SEQU;E ANY
,8PRIM>Y0' MEMB] : W MAKE X ,8NEC0' =!
REMA9+ MEMB]S 6-E-TO-BE4
  ,NOR AG 7;II7 W X 2 POSSI# 6SAY )
TRU?1 EV5 9 REG>D 6! MEMB]S (A LIMIT$
SEQU;E1 T X IS ,8ABSOLUTELY NEC0' = ANY
"O ( !M 6-E-TO-BE4 ,WE _C TRULY SAY1
E4G4 T ,8X IS ABSOLUTELY NEC =A H\SE
6-E-TO-BE :5 F.D,NS H BE5 LAID0'3 =
7UN.S X IS ALW NEC =A H\SE 6BE -+-TO-BE7
WE %D 2 FAC$ )! 3SEQU;E T1 :5 F.D,NS H
BE5 LAID1 A ?+1 : NE$ N ALW BE1 M/ ALW
BE4 ,NO3 IF XS -+-TO-BE IS 6BE ,8NEC0'1
X M/ 2 ,8ALW0' 9 XS -+-TO-BE4 ,= :AT IS
,8( NECESS;Y0' CO9CIDES ) :AT IS
,8ALW0'1 S9CE T : ,8M/ BE0' _C POSSIBLY
,8N-BE0'4 ,H;E A ?+ IS ET]NAL IF XS
,82+0' IS NEC3 & IF X IS ET]NAL1 XS
,82+0' IS NEC4 ,& IF1 "!=E1 ! ,8-+-TO-
BE0' (A ?+ IS NEC1 XS ,8-+-TO-BE0' IS
ET]NAL2 & IF ET]NAL1 NEC4
  ,X FOLL[S T ! -+-TO-BE ( ANY?+1 IF X
IS ABSOLUTELY NEC1 M/ 2 CYCLICAL-I4E4 M/
RETURN ^U XF4 ,= -+ TO-BE M/ EI 2 LIMIT$
OR N LIMIT$3 & IF N LIMIT$1 X M/ 2 EI
RECTIL9E> OR CYCLICAL4 ,B ! F/ ( ^! LA/
TWO ALT]NATIVES IS IMPOSSI# IF -+-TO-BE
IS 6BE ET]NAL1 2C "! CD N 2 ANY
,8ORIG9ATIVE S\RCE0' :AT"E 9 AN 9F9ITE
RECTIL9E> SEQU;E1 :E!R XS MEMB]S 2 TAK5
,8D[NW>DS0' 7Z FUTURE EV5TS7 OR
,8UPW>DS0' 7Z PA/ EV5TS74 ,YET -+-TO-BE
M/ H AN ,8ORIG9ATIVE S\RCE0' 7IF X IS
6BE NEC & "!=E ET]NAL71 NOR C X 2 ET]NAL
IF X IS LIMIT$4 ,3SEQU5TLY X M/ 2
CYCLICAL4 ,H;E ! NEXUS M/ 2 RECIPROCAL4
,0? ,I M1N T ! NEC O3URR;E ( ,8?0'
9VOLVES ! NEC O3URR;E ( XS ANTEC$5T3 &
3V]SELY T1 GIV5 ! ANTEC$5T1 X IS AL NEC
=! 3SEQU5T 6-E-TO-BE4 ,& ? RECIPROCAL
NEXUS W HOLD 3T9U\SLY "?\T ! SEQU;E3 = X
MAKES NO DI6];E :E!R ! RECIPROCAL NEXUS1
( : WE >E SP1K+1 IS M$IAT$ 0TWO1 OR 0_M1
MEMB]S4
  ,X IS 9 CIRCUL> MOVE;T1 "!=E1 & 9
CYCLICAL -+-TO-BE T ! ,8ABSOLUTELY NEC0'
IS 6BE F.D4 ,9 O!R ^WS1 IF ! -+-TO-BE (
ANY ?+S IS CYCLICAL1 X IS ,8NEC0' T EA*
( !M IS -+-TO-BE & HAS -E-TO-BE3 & IF !
-+-TO-BE ( ANY ?+S IS ,8NEC0'1 _! -+-TO-
BE IS CYCLICAL4
  ,! RESULT WE H R1*$ IS LOGIC,Y
3CORDANT )! ET]N;Y ( CIRCUL> MO;N1 I4E4
! ET]N;Y (! REVOLU;N (! H1V5S 7A FACT :
APPROV$ XF ON O!R & 9DEP5D5T EVID;E710'
S9CE PRECISELY ^? MOVE;TS : 2L;G TO1 &
DEP5D ^U1 ? ET]NAL REVOLU;N ,8-E-TO-BE0'
( NECESS;Y1 &( NECESS;Y ,8W BE0'4 ,=
S9CE ! REVOLV+ BODY IS ALW SETT+ "S?+
ELSE 9 MO;N1 ! MOVE;T (! ?+S X MOVES M/
AL 2 CIRCUL>4 ,?US1 F ! 2+ (! ,8UPP]
REVOLU;N0' X FOLL[S T ! SUN REVOLVES 9 ?
DET]M9ATE MANN]2 & S9CE ! SUN REVOLVES
?US1 ! S1SONS 9 3SEQU;E -E-TO-BE 9 A
CYCLE1 I4E4 RETURN ^U !MVS2 & S9CE !Y
-E-TO-BE CYCLIC,Y1 S 9 _! TURN D ! ?+S
^: -+-TO-BE ! S1SONS 9ITIATE4
  ,!N :Y D "S ?+S MANIFE/LY -E TO-BE 9 ?
CYCLICAL FA%ION 7Z1 E4G4 %[]S & AIR1 S T
X M/ RA9 IF "! IS 6BE A CL\D &1 3V]SELY1
"! M/ 2 A CL\D IF X IS 6RA971 :ILE M5 &
ANIMALS D N ,8RETURN ^U !MVS0' S T !
SAME 9DIVIDUAL -ES-TO-BE A SECOND "T 7=
?\< YR -+-TO-BE PRESUPPOSES YR "F'S1 8
-+-TO-BE DOES N PRESUPPOSE YRS78 ,:Y1 ON
! 3TR>Y1 DOES ? -+-TO-BE SEEM 63/ITUTE A
RECTIL9E> SEQU;E8
  ,9 4CUSS+ ? NEW PRO#M1 WE M/ 2G9
09QUIR+ :E!R ALL ?+S ,8RETURN ^U !MVS0'
9 A UNI=M MANN]2 OR :E!R1 ON ! 3TR>Y1
?\< 9 "S SEQU;ES :AT RECURS IS NUM]IC,Y
! SAME1 9 O!R SEQU;ES X IS ! SAME ONLY 9
SPECIES4 ,9 3SEQU;E ( ? 4T9C;N1 X IS
EVID5T T ^? ?+S1 ^: ,8SUB/.E'-T : IS
"UGO+ ! PROCESS-IS IMP]I%A#1 W 2
NUM]IC,Y1 Z WELL Z SPECIFIC,Y1 ! SAME 9
_! RECURR;E3 =! "* (! PROCESS IS DET]M9$
0! "* ( T : "UGOES X4 ,^? ?+S1 ON ! O!R
H&1 ^: ,8SUB/.E0' IS P]I%1 A# 7N
IMP]I%A#7 M/ ,8RETURN ^U !MVS0' 9 ! S5SE
T :AT RECURS1 ?\< SPECIFIC,Y ! SAME1 IS
N ! SAME NUM]IC,Y4 ,T :Y1 :5 ,WAT] -ES-
TO-BE F ,AIR & ,AIR F ,WAT]1 ! ,AIR IS !
SAME ,8SPECIFIC,Y0'1 N ,8NUM]IC,Y0'3 &
IF ^! TOO RECUR NUM]IC,Y ! SAME1 AT ANY
RATE ? DOES N HAPP5 ) ?+S ^: ,8SUB/.E0'
-ES-TO-BE-^: ,8SUB/.E0' IS S* T X IS
ESS5TI,Y CAPA# ( N-2+4

