              ,BOOK ,,III
                   #A

  ,,WE H NEXT 63SID] ! TEE?1 &) ^! !
M\?1 T IS ! CAV;Y : !Y 5CLOSE & =M4 ,!
TEE? H "O 9V>IA# (FICE1 "NLY ! REDUC;N (
FOOD2 B 2SS ? G5]AL FUNC;N !Y H O!R
SPECIAL "OS1 & ^! DI6] 9 DI6]5T GR\PS4
,?US 9 "S ANIMALS ! TEE? S]VE Z W1PONS2
B ? )A 4T9C;N4 ,= "! >E (F5SIVE W1PONS &
"! >E DEF5SIVE W1PONS2 & :ILE 9 "S
ANIMALS1 Z ! WILD ,C>NIVORA1 ! TEE?
ANSW] BO? PURPOSES1 9 _M O!RS1 BO? WILD
& DOME/ICAT$1 !Y S]VE ONLY = DEF;E4 ,9
MAN ! TEE? >E ADMIRABLY 3/RUCT$ = _!
G5]AL (FICE1 ! FRONT "OS 2+ %>P1 S Z
6CUT ! FOOD 96BITS1 &! H9D] "OS BROAD &
FLAT1 S Z 6GR9D X 6A PULP2 :ILE 2T ^! &
SEP>AT+ !M >E ! DOG-TEE?1 :1 9 A3ORD.E )
! RULE T ! M1N P>TAKES ( BO? EXTREMES1
%>E 9 ! "*S ( ^? ON EI SIDE1 2+ BROAD 9
"O "P B %>P 9 ANO!R4 ,SIMIL> 4T9C;NS (
%APE >E PRES5T$ 0! TEE? ( O!R ANIMALS1 )
! EXCEP;N ( ^? ^: TEE? >E "O & ALL (!
%>P K9D4 ,9 MAN1 H["E1 ! NUMB] &! "* EV5
( ^! %>P TEE? H BE5 MA9LY DET]M9$ 0!
REQUIRE;TS ( SPEE*4 ,=! FRONT TEE? ( MAN
3TRIBUTE 9 _M WAYS 6! =M,N ( LR-S.DS4
  ,9 "S ANIMALS1 H["E1 ! TEE?1 Z ALR SD1
S]VE M]ELY =! REDUC;N ( FOOD4 ,:51 2SS
?1 !Y S]VE Z (F5SIVE & DEF5SIVE W1PONS1
!Y MAY EI 2 =M$ 96TUSKS1 Z = 9/.E IS !
CASE 9 SW9E1 OR MAY 2 %>P-PO9T$ &
9T]LOCK ) ^? (! OPPOSITE JAW1 9 : CASE !
ANIMAL IS SD 6BE SAW-TOO!D4 ,! EXPLAN,N
( ? LATT] >RANGE;T IS Z FOLL[S4 ,! /R5G?
( S* AN ANIMAL IS 9 XS TEE?1 & ^! DEP5D
= _! E6ICI5CY ON _! %>P;S4 ,9 ORD]1 !N1
6PREV5T _! GETT+ BLUNT$ 0MUTUAL FRIC;N1
S* ( !M Z S]VE = W1PONS FIT 96EA* O!R'S
9T]SPACES1 & >E S KEPT 9 PROP] 3DI;N4
,NO ANIMAL T HAS %>P 9T]FITT+ TEE? IS AT
! SAME "T FURNI%$ ) TUSKS4 ,= NATURE N"E
MAKES ANY?+ SUP]FLU\S OR 9 VA94 ,%E
GIVES1 "!=E1 TUSKS 6S* ANIMALS Z /RIKE 9
FI<T+1 & S]RAT$ TEE? 6S* Z BITE4 ,S[S1 =
9/.E1 H NO TUSKS1 & ACLY S[S BITE 9/1D (
/RIK+4
  ,A G5]AL PR9CIPLE M/ "H 2 NOT$1 : W 2
F.D APPLICA# N ONLY 9 ? 9/.E B 9 _M O!RS
T W O3UR LAT] ON4 ,NATURE ALLOTS EA*
W1PON1 (F5SIVE & DEF5SIVE ALIKE1 6^?
ANIMALS AL"O T C USE X2 OR1 IF N 6!M
AL"O1 6!M 9 A M M>K$ DEGREE2 & %E ALLOTS
X 9 XS MO/ P]FECT /ATE 6^? T C USE X
BE/2 & ? :E!R X 2 A /+1 OR A SPUR1 OR
HORNS1 OR TUSKS1 OR :AT X MAY (A L K9D4
  ,?US Z MALES >E /R;G] & M *OL]IC ?AN
FEMALES1 X IS 9 MALES T S* "PS Z ^? J
M5;N$ >E F.D1 EI EXCLUSIVELY1 Z 9 "S
SPECIES1 OR M FULLY DEVELOP$1 Z 9 O!RS4
,= ?\< FEMALES >E ( C\RSE PROVID$ ) S*
"PS Z >E NO LESS NEC 6!M ?AN 6MALES1 !
"PS1 = 9/.E1 : SUBS]VE NUTRI;N1 !Y H EV5
^! 9 AN 9F]IOR DEGREE1 &! "PS : ANSW] NO
S* NEC PURPOSE !Y D N POSSESS AT ALL4 ,?
EXPLA9S :Y /AGS H HORNS1 :ILE DOES H
N"O2 :Y ! HORNS ( C[S >E DI6]5T F ^? (
BULLS1 &1 SIMIL>LY1 ! HORNS ( EWES F ^?
( RAMS4 ,X EXPLA9S AL :Y ! FEMALES >E
(T5 )\T SPURS 9 SPECIES ": ! MALES >E
PROVID$ ) !M1 & A3.TS = SIMIL> FACTS
RELAT+ 6ALL O!R S* "PS4
  ,ALL FI%ES H TEE? (! S]RAT$ =M1 )!
S+LE EXCEP;N (! FI% "KN Z ! ,SC>US4 ,9
_M ( !M "! >E TEE? EV5 ON ! T;GUE & ON !
RO( (! M\?4 ,! R1SON = ? IS T1 LIV+ Z !Y
D 9 ! WAT]1 !Y _C B ALL[ ? FLUID 6PASS
96! M\? )! FOOD4 ,! FLUID ?US ADMITT$ !Y
M/ NECESS>ILY 4*>GE AG )\T DELAY4 ,= 7
!Y N 6D S1 B 6RETA9 X =A "T :ILE
TRITURAT+ ! FOOD1 ! WAT] WD RUN 96_!
DIGE/IVE CAVITIES4 ,_! TEE? "!=E >E ALL
%>P1 2+ ADAPT$ ONLY = CUTT+1 & >E NUM]\S
& SET 9 _M "PS1 T _! ABUND.E MAY S]VE 9
LIEU ( ANY GR9D+ FACULTY1 6M9CE ! FOOD
96SMALL BITS4 ,!Y >E AL CURV$1 2C ^! >E
ALM ! ONLY W1PONS : FI%ES POSSESS4
  ,9 ALL ^! (FICES (! TEE? ! M\? AL
TAKES XS "P2 B 2SS ^! FUNC;NS X IS
SUBS]VI5T 6RESPIR,N1 9 ALL S* ANIMALS Z
BR1! & >E COOL$ 0EXT]NAL AG5CY4 ,=
NATURE1 Z ALR SD1 USES ! "PS : >E -MON
6ALL ANIMALS = _M SPECIAL PURPOSES1 & ?
( H] [N A3ORD4 ,?US ! M\? HAS "O
UNIV]SAL FUNC;N 9 ALL ANIMALS ALIKE1
"NLY XS ALI;T>Y (FICE2 B 9 "S1 2SS ?1 !
SPECIAL DUTY ( S]V+ Z A W1PON IS ATTA*$
6X2 9 O!RS T ( M9I/]+ 6SPEE*2 & AG 9 _M1
?\< N 9 ALL1 ! (FICE ( RESPIR,N4 ,ALL ^!
FUNC;NS >E ?R[N 0NATURE ^U "O S+LE
ORGAN1 ! 3/RUC;N ( : %E V>IES S Z 6SUIT
! V>I,NS ( (FICE4 ,"!=E X IS T 9 "S
ANIMALS ! M\? IS 3TRACT$1 :ILE 9 O!RS X
IS ( WIDE DIM5.NS4 ,! 3TRACT$ =M 2L;GS
6S* ANIMALS Z USE ! M\? M]ELY =
NUTRITIVE1 RESPIRATORY1 & VOCAL
PURPOSES2 ":AS 9 S* Z USE X Z A M1NS (
DEF;E X HAS A WIDE GAPE4 ,? IS XS 9V>IA#
=M 9 S* ANIMALS Z >E SAW-TOO!D4 ,= SEE+
T _! MODE ( W>F>E 3SI/S 9 BIT+1 X IS
ADVANTAGE\S 6!M T _! M\? % H A WIDE
OP5+2 =! WID] X OP5S1 ! GRT] W 2 ! EXT5T
(! BITE1 &! M NUM]\S W 2 ! TEE? CALL$
96PLAY4
  ,:AT HAS J BE5 SD APPLIES 6FI%ES Z
WELL Z 6O!R ANIMALS2 & ?US 9 S* ( !M Z
>E C>NIVOR\S1 & MADE = BIT+1 ! M\? HAS A
WIDE GAPE2 ":AS 9 ! RE/ X IS SMALL1 2+
PLAC$ AT ! EXTREM;Y (A TAP]+ SN\T4 ,= ?
=M IS SUIT$ = _! PURPOSES1 :ILE ! O!R WD
2 USE.S4
  ,9 BIRDS ! M\? 3SI/S ( :AT IS CALL$ !
B1K1 : 9 !M IS A SUB/ITUTE = LIPS &
TEE?4 ,? B1K PRES5TS V>I,NS 9 H>MONY )!
FUNC;NS & PROTECTIVE PURPOSES : X S]VES4
,?US 9 ^? BIRDS T >E CALL$ ,CROOK$-CLAW$
X IS 9V>IABLY HOOK$1 9ASM* Z ^! BIRDS >E
C>NIVOR\S1 & EAT NO K9D ( VEGETA# FOOD
:ATSO"E4 ,= ? =M R5D]S X S]VICEA# 6!M 9
OBTA9+ ! MA/]Y OV] _! PREY1 & IS BETT]
SUIT$ = DE$S ( VIOL;E ?AN ANY O!R4
,MOREOV]1 Z _! W1PONS ( (F;E 3SI/ ( ?
B1K &( _! CLAWS1 ^! LATT] AL >E M CROOK$
9 !M ?AN 9 ! G5]AL;Y ( BIRDS4 ,SIMIL>LY
9 EA* O!R K9D ( BIRD ! B1K IS SUIT$ 6!
MODE ( LIFE4 ,?US1 9 WOODPECK]S X IS H>D
& /R;G1 Z AL 9 CR[S & BIRDS ( CR[LIKE
HABIT1 :ILE 9 ! SMALL] BIRDS X IS
DELICATE1 S Z 6BE ( USE 9 COLLECT+ SE$S
& PICK+ UP M9UTE ANIMALS4 ,9 S* BIRDS1
AG1 Z EAT H]BAGE1 & S* Z LIVE AB M>%ES-
^?1 = EXAMPLE1 T SWIM & H WE2$ FEET-!
BILL IS BROAD1 OR ADAPT$ 9 "S O!R WAY 6!
MODE ( LIFE4 ,=A BROAD BILL 5A#S A BIRD
6DIG 96! GR.D ) EASE1 J Z1 AM;G
QUADRUP$S1 DOES ! BROAD SN\T (! PIG1 AN
ANIMAL :1 L ! BIRDS 9 "Q1 LIVES ON
ROOTS4 ,MOREOV]1 9 ^! ROOT-EAT+ BIRDS &
9 "S O!RS ( L HABITS ( LIFE1 ! TIPS (!
BILL 5D 9 H>D PO9TS1 : GIVES !M A4I;NAL
FACIL;Y 9 D1L+ ) H]BACE\S FOOD4
  ,! S"EAL "PS : >E SET ON ! H1D H N[1
PRETTY NE>LY ALL1 BE5 3SID]$4 ,9 MAN1
H["E1 ! "P : LIES 2T ! H1D &! NECK IS
CALL$ ! FACE1 ? "N1 7PROSOPON7 2+1 X WD
SEEM1 DERIV$ F ! FUNC;N (! "P4 ,= Z MAN
IS ! ONLY ANIMAL T /&S ERECT1 HE IS AL !
ONLY "O T LOOKS DIRECTLY 9 FRONT 7PROSO7
&! ONLY "O ^: VOICE IS EMITT$ 9 T
DIREC;N4

                   #B

  ,WE H N[ 6TR1T ( HORNS2 = ^! AL1 :5
PRES5T1 >E APP5DAGES (! H1D4 ,!Y EXI/ 9
N"O B VIVIP>\S ANIMALS2 ?\< 9 "S OVIP>A
C]TA9 "PS >E METAPHORIC,Y SPOK5 ( Z
HORNS1 9 VIRTUE (A C]TA9 RESEMBL.E4
,6N"O ( S* "PS1 H["E1 DOES ! PROP] (FICE
(A HORN 2L;G2 = !Y >E N"E US$1 Z >E !
HORNS ( VIVIP>A1 = PURPOSES : REQUIRE
/R5G?1 :E!R X 2 9 SELF-PROTEC;N OR 9
(F5SIVE /RIFE4 ,S AL NO POLYDACTYL\S
ANIMAL IS FURNI%$ ) HORNS4 ,= HORNS >E
DEF5SIVE W1PONS1 & ^! POLYDACTYL\S
ANIMALS POSSESS O!R M1NS ( SECUR;Y4 ,=
6"S ( !M NATURE HAS GIV5 CLAWS1 6O!RS
TEE? SUIT$ = -BAT1 & 6! RE/ "S O!R
ADEQUATE DEF5SIVE APPLI.E4 ,"! >E HORNS1
H["E1 9 MO/ (! CLOV5-HO($ ANIMALS1 & 9
"S ( ^? T H A SOLID HO(1 S]V+ !M Z AN
(F5SIVE W1PON1 & 9 "S CASES AL Z A
DEF5SIVE "O4 ,"! >E HORNS AL 9 ALL
ANIMALS T H N BE5 PROVID$ 0NATURE ) "S
O!R M1NS ( SECUR;Y2 S* M1NS1 = 9/.E1 Z
SPE$1 : HAS BE5 GIV5 6HORSES2 OR GRT
SIZE1 Z 9 CAMELS2 = EXCESSIVE BULK1 S* Z
HAS BE5 GIV5 6^! ANIMALS1 & 9 A / GRT]
M1SURE 6ELEPHANTS1 IS SU6ICI5T 9 XF
6PROTECT AN ANIMAL F 2+ DE/ROY$ 0O!RS4
,O!R ANIMALS AG >E PROTECT$ 0! POSSES.N
( TUSKS2 & AM;G ^! >E ! SW9E1 ?\< !Y H A
CLOV5 HO(4
  ,ALL ANIMALS AG1 ^: HORNS >E B USE.S
APP5DAGES1 H BE5 PROVID$ 0NATURE ) "S
A4I;NAL M1NS ( SECUR;Y4 ,?US DE] >E 5D[$
) SPE$2 =! L>GE SIZE & GRT BRAN*+ ( _!
HORNS MAKES ^! A S\RCE ( DETRI;T R ?AN (
PR(IT 6_! POSSESSORS4 ,SIMIL>LY 5D[$ >E
! ,BUBALUS & GAZELLE2 = ?\< ^! ANIMALS W
/& UP AG/ "S 5EMIES & DEF5D !MVS ) _!
HORNS1 YET !Y RUN AWAY F S* Z >E FI]CE &
PUGNACI\S4 ,! ,BONASUS AG1 :OE HORNS
CURVE 9W>DS T[>DS EA* O!R1 IS PROVID$ )A
M1NS ( PROTEC;N 9 ! 4*>GE ( XS EXCRE;T2
&( ? X AVAILS XF :5 F"R5$4 ,"! >E "S O!R
ANIMALS 2SS ! ,BONASUS T H A SIMIL> MODE
( DEF;E4 ,9 NO CASE1 H["E1 DOES NATURE
"E GIVE M ?AN "O ADEQUATE M1NS (
PROTEC;N 6"O &! SAME ANIMAL4
  ,MO/ (! ANIMALS T H HORNS >E CLOV5-
HO($2 B ! ,9DIAN ASS1 Z !Y CALL X1 IS AL
REPORT$ 6BE HORN$1 ?\< XS HO( IS SOLID4
  ,AG Z ! BODY1 S F> Z REG>DS XS ORGANS
( MO;N1 3SI/S ( TWO 4T9CT "PS1 ! "R &!
LEFT1 S AL &= L R1SONS ! HORNS ( ANIMALS
>E1 9 ! GRT MAJOR;Y ( CASES1 TWO 9
NUMB]4 ,/ "! >E "S T H B A S+LE HORN2 !
,ORYX1 = 9/.E1 &! S-CALL$ ,9DIAN ASS2 9
! =M] ( : ! HO( IS CLOV51 :ILE 9 ! LATT]
X IS SOLID4 ,9 S* ANIMALS ! HORN IS SET
9 ! C5TRE (! H1D2 = Z ! MI4LE 2L;GS
EQU,Y 6BO? EXTREMES1 ? >RANGE;T IS ! "O
T -ES NE>E/ 6EA* SIDE HAV+ XS [N HORN4
  ,AG1 X WD APPE> 3SI/5T ) R1SON T !
S+LE HORN %D G )! SOLID R ?AN )! CLOV5
HO(4 ,= HO(1 :E!R SOLID OR CLOV51 IS (!
SAME NATURE Z HORN2 S T ! TWO NATUR,Y
"UGO DIVI.N SIMULTANE\SLY & 9 ! SAME
ANIMALS4 ,AG1 S9CE ! DIVI.N (! CLOV5 HO(
DEP5DS ON DEFICI5CY ( MAT]IAL1 X IS B
R,N,Y 3SI/5T1 T NATURE1 :5 %E GAVE AN
ANIMAL AN EXCESS ( MAT]IAL =! HO(S1 :
?US 2CAME SOLID1 %D H TAK5 AWAY "S?+ F !
UPP] "PS & S MADE ! ANIMAL 6H B "O HORN4
,"RLY TOO DID %E ACT :5 %E *OSE ! H1D
":ON 6SET ! HORNS2 & ,,AE,'SOP'S ,MOMUS
IS 2S ! M>K1 :5 HE F9DS FAULT )! BULL =
N HAV+ XS HORNS ^U XS %\LD]S4 ,= F ?
POSI;N1 SAYS HE1 !Y WD H DELIV]$ _! BL[
)! GRTE/ =CE1 ":AS ON ! H1D !Y O3UPY !
W1KE/ "P (! :OLE BODY4 ,MOMUS 0 B DULL-
SI<T$ 9 MAK+ ? HO/ILE CRITICISM4 ,= _H !
HORNS BE5 SET ON ! %\LD]S1 OR _H !Y BE5
SET ON ANY O!R "P ?AN !Y >E1 ! 5CUMBR.E
( _! WEI<T WD H BE5 9CR1S$1 N ONLY )\T
ANY -P5SAT+ GA9 :ATSO33V]1 B )!
4ADVANTAGE ( IMP$+ _M BODILY OP],NS4 ,=!
PO9T :;E ! BL[S CD 2 DELIV]$ )! GRTE/
=CE 0 N ! ONLY MATT] 6BE 3SID]$1 B !
PO9T AL :;E !Y CD 2 DELIV]$ )! WIDE/
RANGE4 ,B Z ! BULL HAS NO H&S & _C
POSSIBLY H XS HORNS ON XS FEET OR ON XS
KNEES1 ": !Y WD PREV5T FLEXION1 "!
REMA9S NO O!R SITE = !M B ! H1D2 & ?
"!=E !Y NECESS>ILY O3UPY4 ,9 ? POSI;N1
MOREOV]1 !Y >E M* LESS 9 ! WAY (!
MOVE;TS (! BODY ?AN !Y WD 2 ELSE":4
  ,DE] >E ! ONLY ANIMALS 9 : ! HORNS >E
SOLID "?\T1 & >E AL ! ONLY ANIMALS T CA/
!M4 ,? CA/+ IS N SIMPLY ADVANTAGE\S 6!
DE] F ! 9CR1S$ LI<T;S : X PRODUCES1 B1
SEE+ H[ H1VY ! HORNS >E1 IS A MATT] (
ACTUAL NECESS;Y4
  ,9 ALL O!R ANIMALS ! HORNS >E HOLL[ =A
C]TA9 4T.E1 &! 5D AL"O IS SOLID1 ? 2+ !
"P ( USE 9 A BL[4 ,AT ! SAME "T1 6PREV5T
EV5 ! HOLL[ "P F 2+ W1K1 ! HORN1 ?\< X
GR[S \ (! SK91 HAS A SOLID PIECE F !
B"OS FITT$ 96XS CAV;Y4 ,= ? >RANGE;T IS
N ONLY T : MAKES ! HORNS (! GRTE/ S]VICE
9 FI<T+1 B T : CAUSES !M 6BE Z LL ( AN
IMP$I;T Z POSSI# 9 ! O!R AC;NS ( LIFE4
  ,S* !N >E ! R1SONS = : HORNS EXI/2 &
S* ! R1SONS :Y !Y >E PRES5T 9 "S
ANIMALS1 ABS5T F O!RS4
  ,LET U N[ 3SID] ! "* (! MAT]IAL NATURE
^: NEC RESULTS H BE5 MADE AVAILA# 0R,NAL
NATURE =A F9AL CAUSE4
  ,9 ! F/ PLACE1 !N1 ! L>G] ! BULK (
ANIMALS1 ! GRT] IS ! PROPOR;N ( CORPOR1L
& E>?Y MATT] : !Y 3TA94 ,?US NO V SMALL
ANIMAL IS "KN 6H HORNS1 ! SMALLE/ HORN$
ANIMAL T WE >E ACQUA9T$ ) 2+ ! GAZELLE4
,B 9 ALL \R SPECUL,NS 3C]N+ NATURE1 :AT
WE H 63SID] IS ! G5]AL RULE2 = T IS
NATURAL : APPLIES EI UNIV]S,Y OR G5],Y4
,& ?US :5 WE SAY T ! L>GE/ ANIMALS H MO/
E>?Y MATT]1 WE SAY S 2C S* IS ! G5]AL
RULE4 ,N[ ? E>?Y MATT] IS US$ 9 ! ANIMAL
BODY 6=M B"O4 ,B 9 ! L>G] ANIMALS "! IS
AN EXCESS ( X1 & ? EXCESS IS TURN$
0NATURE 6USE;L A3.T1 2+ 3V]T$ 96W1PONS (
DEF;E4 ,"P ( X NECESS>ILY FL[S 6! UPP]
POR;N (! BODY1 & ? IS ALLOTT$ 0H] 9 "S
CASES 6! =M,N ( TUSKS & TEE?1 9 O!RS 6!
=M,N ( HORNS4 ,?US X IS T NO ANIMAL T
HAS HORNS HAS AL FRONT TEE? 9 BO? JAWS1
^? 9 ! UPP] JAW 2+ DEFICI5T4 ,= NATURE
0SUBTRACT+ F ! TEE? A4S 6! HORNS2 !
NUTRI;T : 9 MO/ ANIMALS GOES 6! =M] 2+
"H SP5T ON ! AUG;T,N (! LATT]4 ,DOES1 X
IS TRUE1 H NO HORNS & YET >E EQU,Y
DEFICI5T )! MALES Z REG>DS ! TEE?4 ,!
R1SON1 H["E1 = ? IS T !Y1 Z M* Z !
MALES1 >E NATUR,Y HORN-BE>+ ANIMALS2 B
!Y H BE5 /RIPP$ ( _! HORNS1 2C ^! WD N
ONLY 2 USE.S 6!M B ACTU,Y BANE;L2 ":AS !
GRT] /R5G? (! MALES CAUSES ^! ORGANS1
?\< EQU,Y USE.S1 6BE LESS ( AN IMP$I;T4
,9 O!R ANIMALS1 ": ? MAT]IAL IS N
SECRET$ F ! BODY 9 ! %APE ( HORNS1 X IS
US$ 69CR1SE ! SIZE (! TEE?2 9 "S CASES (
ALL ! TEE?1 9 O!RS M]ELY (! TUSKS1 : ?US
2COME S L;G Z 6RESEM# HORNS PROJECT+ F !
JAWS4
  ,S M*1 !N1 (! "PS : APP]TA9 6! H1D4

                   #C

  ,2L ! H1D LIES ! NECK1 9 S* ANIMALS Z
H "O4 ,? IS ! CASE ) ^? ONLY T H ! "PS
6: A NECK IS SUBS]VI5T4 ,^! "PS >E !
L>YNX & :AT IS CALL$ ! OESOPHAGUS4 ,( ^!
! =M]1 OR L>YNX1 EXI/S =! SAKE (
RESPIR,N1 2+ ! 9/RU;T 0: S* ANIMALS Z
BR1! 9HALE & 4*>GE ! AIR4 ,"!=E X IS T1
:5 "! IS NO LUNG1 "! IS AL NO NECK4 ,( ?
3DI;N ! ,FI%ES >E AN EXAMPLE4 ,! O!R "P1
OR OESOPHAGUS1 IS ! *ANNEL "? : FOOD IS
3VEY$ 6! /OMA*2 S T ALL ANIMALS T >E )\T
A NECK >E AL )\T A 4T9CT OESOPHAGUS2 ,S*
A "P IS 9 FACT N REQUIR$ ( NECESS;Y =
NUTRITIVE PURPOSES2 = X HAS NO AC;N
:ATSO"E ON ! FOOD4 ,9DE$ "! IS NO?+
6PREV5T ! /OMA* F 2+ PLAC$ DIRECTLY AF !
M\?4 ,?1 H["E1 IS Q IMPOSSI# 9 ! CASE (!
LUNG4 ,= "! M/ 2 "S SORT ( TUBE -MON 6!
TWO DIVI.NS (! LUNG1 0:--X 2+ BI"PITE--!
BR1? MAY 2 APPOR;N$ 6_! RESPECTIVE
BRON*I1 & ?;E PASS 96! AIR-PIPES2 & S*
AN >RANGE;T W 2 ! BE/ = GIV+ P]FEC;N
69SPIR,N & EXPIR,N4 ,! ORGAN !N 3C]N$ 9
RESPIR,N M/ ( NECESS;Y 2 ( "S L5G?2 & ?1
AG1 NECESSITATES "! 2+ AN OESOPHAGUS
6UNITE M\? & /OMA*4 ,? OESOPHAGUS IS (A
FLE%-L "*1 & YET ADMITS ( EXT5.N L A
S9EW4 ,? LATT] PROP]TY IS GIV5 6X1 T X
MAY /RET* :5 FOOD IS 9TRODUC$2 :ILE !
FLE%-L "* IS 9T5D$ 6MAKE X S(T & YIELD+1
& 6PREV5T X F 2+ RASP$ 0"PICLES Z !Y
PASS D[NW>DS1 & S SU6]+ DAMAGE4 ,ON !
O!R H&1 ! W9DPIPE &! S-CALL$ L>YNX >E
3/RUCT$ \ (A C>TILAG9\S SUB/.E4 ,= !Y H
6S]VE N ONLY = RESPIR,N1 B AL = VOCAL
PURPOSES2 & AN 9/RU;T T IS 6PRODUCE S.DS
M/ NECESS>ILY 2 N ONLY SMOO? B FIRM4 ,!
W9DPIPE LIES 9 FRONT (! OESOPHAGUS1 AL?
? POSI;N CAUSES X 6BE "S H9DR.E 6! LATT]
9 ! ACT ( DEGLUTI;N4 ,= IF A MORSEL (
FOOD1 FLUID OR SOLID1 SLIPS 96X 0A3ID5T1
*OK+ & M* 4TRESS & VIOL5T FITS ( C\<+
5SUE4 ,? M/ 2 A MATT] ( A/ONI%;T 6ANY (
^? :O ASS]T T X IS 0! W9DPIPE T AN
ANIMAL IMBIBES FLUID4 ,=! 3SEQU;ES J
M5;N$ O3UR 9V>IABLY1 :5"E A "PICLE (
FOOD SLIPS IN1 & >E Q OBVI\S4 ,9DE$ ON
_M GR.DS X IS RIDICUL\S 6SAY T ? IS !
*ANNEL "? : ANIMALS IMBIBE FLUID4 ,= "!
IS NO PASSAGE L1D+ F ! LUNG 6! /OMA*1 S*
Z ! OESOPHAGUS : WE SEE L1D+ ?I!R F !
M\?4 ,MOREOV]1 :5 ANY CAUSE PRODUCES
SICK;S & VOMIT+1 X IS PLA9 5 :5 ! FLUID
IS 4*>G$4 ,X IS MANIFE/ AL T FLUID1 :5
SWALL[$1 DOES N PASS DIRECTLY 96! BLA4]
& COLLECT "!1 B GOES F/ 96! /OMA*4 ,=1
:5 R$ W9E IS TAK51 ! DEJEC;NS (! /OMA*
>E SE5 6BE COL\R$ 0XS DREGS2 & S*
4COLOR,N HAS BE5 EV5 SE5 ON _M O3A.NS
9SIDE ! /OMA* XF1 9 CASES ": "! H BE5
W.DS OP5+ 96T ORGAN4 ,H["E1 X IS P]H
SILLY 6BE M9UTELY "PICUL> 9 D1L+ ) SILLY
/ATE;TS S* Z ?4
  ,! W9DPIPE !N1 [+ 6XS POSI;N 9 FRONT (
! OESOPHAGUS1 IS EXPOS$1 Z WE H SD1
6ANNOY.E F ! FOOD4 ,6OBVIATE ?1 H["E1
NATURE HAS 3TRIV$ ! EPIGLOTTIS4 ,? "P IS
N F.D 9 ALL SANGU9E\S ANIMALS1 B ONLY 9
S* ( !M Z H A LUNG2 NOR 9 ALL ( ^!1 B
ONLY 9 S* Z AT ! SAME "T H _! SK9 COV]$
) HAIRS1 & N EI ) SCALY PLATES OR )
F1!RS4 ,9 S* SCALY & F1!R$ ANIMALS "! IS
NO EPIGLOTTIS1 B XS (FICE IS SUPPLI$ 0!
L>YNX1 : CLOSES & OP5S1 J Z 9 ! O!R CASE
! EPIGLOTTIS FALLS D[N & RISES UP2 RIS+
UP DUR+ ! 9GRESS OR EGRESS ( BR1?1 &
FALL+ D[N DUR+ ! 9GES;N ( FOOD1 S Z
6PREV5T ANY "PICLE F SLIPP+ 96! W9DPIPE4
,%D "! 2 ! SLI<TE/ WANT ( A3URACY 9 ?
MOVE;T1 OR %D AN 9SPIR,N 2 MADE DUR+ !
9GES;N ( FOOD1 *OK+ & C\<+ 5SUE1 Z ALR
HAS BE5 NOTIC$4 ,S ADMIRABLY 3TRIV$1
H["E1 IS ! MOVE;T BO? (! EPIGLOTTIS &(!
T;GUE1 T1 :ILE ! FOOD IS 2+ GR.D 6A PULP
9 ! M\?1 ! T;GUE V R>ELY GETS CAU<T 2T !
TEE?2 &1 :ILE ! FOOD IS PASS+ OV] !
EPIGLOTTIS SELDOM DOES A "PICLE ( X SLIP
96! W9DPIPE4
  ,! ANIMALS : H BE5 M5;N$ Z HAV+ NO
EPIGLOTTIS [E ? DEFICI5CY 6! DRY;S ( _!
FLE% & 6! H>D;S ( _! SK94 ,= AN
EPIGLOTTIS MADE ( S* MAT]IALS WD N ADMIT
( EASY MO;N4 ,X WD1 9DE$1 TAKE A L;G] "T
6%UT D[N AN EPIGLOTTIS MADE (! PECULI>
FLE% ( ^! ANIMALS1 & %AP$ L T ( ^? )
HAIRY SK9S1 ?AN 6BR+ ! $GES (! W9DPIPE
XF 963TACT ) EA* O!R4
  ,?US M* !N Z 6! R1SON :Y "S ANIMALS H
AN EPIGLOTTIS :ILE O!RS H N"O1 & ?US M*
AL Z 6XS USE4 ,X IS A 3TRIV.E ( NATURE
6REM$Y ! VICI\S POSI;N (! W9DPIPE 9
FRONT (! OESOPHAGUS4 ,T POSI;N IS !
RESULT ( NECESS;Y4 ,= X IS 9 ! FRONT &
C5TRE (! BODY T ! HE>T IS SITUAT$1 9 :
WE SAY IS ! PR9CIPLE ( LIFE &! S\RCE (
ALL MO;N & S5S,N4 7,= S5S,N & MO;N >E
EX]CIS$ 9 ! DIREC;N : WE T]M =W>DS1 & X
IS ON ? V REL,N T ! 4T9C;N ( 2F & 2H IS
F.D$47 ,B ": ! HE>T IS1 "! & SURR.D+ X
IS ! LUNG4 ,N[ 9SPIR,N1 : O3URS =! SAKE
(! LUNG &=! SAKE (! PR9CIPLE : HAS XS
S1T 9 ! HE>T1 IS E6ECT$ "? ! W9DPIPE4
,S9CE !N ! HE>T M/ ( NECESS;Y LIE 9 ! V
FRONT PLACE ( ALL1 X FOLL[S T ! L>YNX AL
&! W9DPIPE M/ ( NECESS;Y LIE 9 FRONT (!
OESOPHAGUS4 ,= !Y L1D 6! LUNG & HE>T1
":AS ! OESOPHAGUS L1DS 6! /OMA*4 ,& X IS
A UNIV]SAL LAW T1 Z REG>DS ABV & 2L1
FRONT & BACK1 "R & LEFT1 ! NO#R & M
HON\RA# "P 9V>IABLY IS PLAC$ UPP]MO/1 9
FRONT1 & ON ! "R1 R ?AN 9 ! OPPOSITE
POSI;NS1 UN.S "S M IMPORTANT OBJECT /&S
9 ! WAY4

                   #D

  ,WE H N[ D1LT )! NECK1 ! OESOPHAGUS1 &
! W9DPIPE1 & H NEXT 6TR1T (! VISC]A4 ,^!
>E PECULI> 6SANGU9E\S ANIMALS1 "S ( : H
ALL ( !M1 O!RS ONLY A "P1 :ILE NO
BLOOD.S ANIMALS H ANY AT ALL4
,DEMOCRITUS !N SEEMS 6H BE5 MISTAK5 9 !
NO;N HE =M$ (! VISC]A1 IF1 T IS 6SAY1 HE
FANCI$ T ! R1SON :Y N"O 7 4COV]A# 9
BLOOD.S ANIMALS 0 T ^! ANIMALS 7 TOO
SMALL 6ALL[ !M 6BE SE54 ,=1 9 SANGU9E\S
ANIMALS1 BO? HE>T & LIV] >E VISI# 5 :5 !
BODY IS ONLY J =M$1 & :ILE X IS /
EXTREMELY SMALL4 ,= ^! "PS >E 6BE SE5 9
! EGG "S"TS Z E>LY Z ! ?IRD "D1 2+ !N NO
BI7] ?AN A PO9T2 & >E VISI# AL 9 ABORT$
EMBRYOS1 :ILE / EXCESSIVELY M9UTE4
,MOREOV]1 Z ! EXT]NAL ORGANS >E N
PRECISELY ALIKE 9 ALL ANIMALS1 B EA*
CR1TURE IS PROVID$ ) S* Z >E SUIT$ 6XS
SPECIAL MODE ( LIFE & MO;N1 S IS X )!
9T]NAL "PS1 ^! AL DI6]+ 9 DI6]5T
ANIMALS4 ,VISC]A1 !N1 >E PECULI>
6SANGU9E\S ANIMALS2 & "!=E >E EA* & ALL
=M$ F SANGU9E\S MAT]IAL1 Z IS PLA9LY 6BE
SE5 9 ! NEW-BORN "Y ( ^! ANIMALS4 ,= 9
S* ! VISC]A >E M SANGU9E\S1 &( GRT] BULK
9 PROPOR;N 6! BODY1 ?AN AT ANY LAT]
P]IOD ( LIFE1 X 2+ 9 ! E>LIE/ /AGE (
=M,N T ! NATURE (! MAT]IAL & XS ABUND.E
>E MO/ 3SPICU\S4 ,"! IS A HE>T1 !N1 9
ALL SANGU9E\S ANIMALS1 &! R1SON = ? HAS
ALR BE5 GIV54 ,= T SANGU9E\S ANIMALS M/
NECESS>ILY H BLOOD IS SELF-EVID5T4 ,&1 Z
! BLOOD IS FLUID1 X IS AL A MATT] (
NECESS;Y T "! % 2 A RECEPTACLE = X2 & X
IS APP>5TLY 6MEET ? REQUIRE;T T NATURE
HAS DEVIS$ ! BLOOD-VESSELS4 ,^!1 AG1 M/
NECESS>ILY H "O PRIM>Y S\RCE4 ,= X IS
PREF]A# T "! % 2 "O S*1 :5 POSSI#1 R ?AN
S"EAL4 ,? PRIM>Y S\RCE (! VESSELS IS !
HE>T4 ,=! VESSELS MANIFE/LY ISSUE F X &
D N G "? X4 ,MOREOV]1 2+ Z X IS
HOMOG5E\S1 X HAS ! "* (A BLOOD-VESSEL4
,AG XS POSI;N IS T (A PRIM>Y OR DOM9AT+
"P4 ,= NATURE1 :5 NO O!R M IMPORTANT
PURPOSE /&S 9 H] WAY1 PLACES ! M HON\RA#
"P 9 ! M HON\RA# POSI;N2 &! HE>T LIES AB
! C5TRE (! BODY1 B R 9 XS UPP] ?AN XS
L[] HALF1 & AL M 9 FRONT ?AN 2H4 ,? IS
MO/ EVID5T 9 ! CASE ( MAN1 B EV5 9 O!R
ANIMALS "! IS A T5D5CY 9 ! HE>T 6ASSUME
A SIMIL> POSI;N1 9 ! C5TRE (! NEC "P (!
BODY1 T IS 6SAY (! "P : T]M9ATES 9 ! V5T
= EXCRE;T4 ,=! LIMBS V>Y 9 POSI;N 9
DI6]5T ANIMALS1 & >E N 6BE C.T$ )! "PS :
>E NEC = LIFE4 ,= LIFE C 2 MA9TA9$ EV5
:5 !Y >E REMOV$2 :ILE X IS SELF-EVID5T T
! A4I;N ( !M 6AN ANIMAL IS N DE/RUCTIVE
( X4
  ,"! >E "S :O SAY T ! VESSELS -M;E 9 !
H1D4 ,9 ? !Y >E CLE>LY MISTAK54 ,= 9 !
F/ PLACE1 AC 6_! REPRES5T,N1 "! WD 2 _M
S\RCES =! VESSELS1 & ^! SCATT]$2 &
SECONDLY1 ^! S\RCES WD 2 9 A REGION T IS
MANIFE/LY COLD1 Z IS %[N 0XS 9TOL].E (
*ILL1 ":AS ! REGION (! HE>T IS Z
MANIFE/LY HOT4 ,AG1 Z ALR SD1 ! VESSELS
3T9UE _! C\RSE "? ! O!R VISC]A1 B NO
VESSEL SPR1DS "? ! HE>T4 ,F ? X IS Q
EVID5T T ! HE>T IS A "P (! VESSELS & _!
ORIG92 &= ? X IS WELL SUIT$ 0XS
/RUCTURE4 ,= XS C5TRAL "P 3SI/S (A D5SE
& HOLL[ SUB/.E1 & IS MOREOV] FULL (
BLOOD1 Z ?\< ! VESSELS TOOK ?;E _!
ORIG94 ,X IS HOLL[ 6S]VE =! RECEP;N (!
BLOOD1 :ILE XS WALL IS D5SE1 T X MAY
S]VE 6PROTECT ! S\RCE ( H1T4 ,= "H1 & "H
AL"O 9 ALL ! VISC]A & 9DE$ 9 ALL ! BODY1
"! IS BLOOD )\T BLOOD-VESSELS1 ! BLOOD
ELSE": 2+ ALW 3TA9$ )9 VESSELS4 ,NOR IS
? B 3SI/5T ) R1SON4 ,=! BLOOD IS 3VEY$
96! VESSELS F ! HE>T1 B N"O PASSES 96!
HE>T F )\T4 ,= 9 XF X 3/ITUTES ! ORIG9 &
F.TA91 OR PRIM>Y RECEPTACLE1 (! BLOOD4
,X IS H["E1 F 4SEC;NS & F OBS]V,NS ON !
PROCESS ( DEVELOP;T T ! TRU? ( ^!
/ATE;TS RCVS XS CLE>E/ DEMON/R,N4 ,=!
HE>T IS ! F/ ( ALL ! "PS 6BE =M$2 & NO
SOON] IS X =M$ ?AN X 3TA9S BLOOD4
,MOREOV]1 ! MO;NS ( PA9 & PL1SURE1 &
G5],Y ( ALL S5S,N1 PLA9LY H _! S\RCE 9 !
HE>T1 & F9D 9 X _! ULTIMATE T]M9,N4 ,?1
9DE$1 R1SON WD L1D U 6EXPECT4 ,=! S\RCE
M/1 :54 "E POSSI#1 2 "O2 &1 ( ALL
PLACES1 ! BE/ SUIT$ =A S\RCE IS ! C5TRE4
,=! C5TRE IS "O1 & IS EQU,Y OR ALM EQU,Y
)9 R1* ( E "P4 ,AG1 Z NEI ! BLOOD XF1
NOR YET ANY "P : IS BLOOD.S1 IS 5D[$ )
S5S,N1 X IS PLA9 T T "P : F/ HAS BLOOD1
& : HOLDS X Z X 7 9 A RECEPTACLE1 M/ 2 !
PRIM>Y S\RCE ( S5S,N4 ,& T ? "P IS !
HE>T IS N ONLY A R,NAL 9F];E1 B AL
EVID5T 6! S5SES4 ,= NO SOON] IS ! EMBRYO
=M$1 ?AN XS HE>T IS SE5 9 MO;N Z ?\< X 7
A LIV+ CR1TURE1 & ? 2F ANY (! O!R "PS1 X
2+1 Z ?US %[N1 ! />T+-PO9T ( _! NATURE 9
ALL ANIMALS T H BLOOD4 ,A FUR!R EVID;E (
! TRU? ( :AT HAS BE5 /AT$ IS ! FACT T NO
SANGU9E\S ANIMAL IS )\T A HE>T4 ,=!
PRIM>Y S\RCE ( BLOOD M/ ( NECESS;Y 2
PRES5T 9 !M ALL4 ,X IS TRUE T SANGU9E\S
ANIMALS N ONLY H A HE>T B AL 9V>IABLY H
A LIV]4 ,B NO "O CD "E DEEM ! LIV] 6BE !
PRIM>Y ORGAN EI (! :OLE BODY OR (!
BLOOD4 ,=! POSI;N 9 : X IS PLAC$ IS F> F
2+ T (A PRIM>Y OR DOM9AT+ "P2 &1
MOREOV]1 9 ! MO/ P]FECTLY F9I%$ ANIMALS
"! IS ANO!R "P1 ! SPLE51 : Z X 7
C.T]BAL.ES X4 ,/ FUR!R1 ! LIV] 3TA9S NO
SPACI\S RECEPTACLE 9 XS SUB/.E1 Z DOES !
HE>T2 B XS BLOOD IS 9 A VESSEL Z 9 ALL !
O!R VISC]A4 ,! VESSEL1 MOREOV]1 EXT5DS
"? X1 & NO VESSEL :ATSO"E ORIG9ATES 9 X2
= X IS F ! HE>T T ALL ! VESSELS TAKE _!
RISE4 ,S9CE !N "O OR O!R ( ^! TWO "PS M/
2 ! C5TRAL S\RCE1 & S9CE X IS N ! LIV] :
IS S*1 X FOLL[S ( NECESS;Y T X IS ! HE>T
: IS ! S\RCE (! BLOOD1 Z AL ! PRIM>Y
ORGAN 9 O!R RESPECTS4 ,=! DEF9ITIVE
"*I/IC ( AN ANIMAL IS ! POSSES.N (
S5S,N2 &! F/ S5SORY "P IS T : F/ HAS
BLOOD2 T IS 6SAY IS ! HE>T1 : IS ! S\RCE
( BLOOD &! F/ (! "PS 63TA9 X4
  ,! APEX (! HE>T IS PO9T$ & M SOLID ?AN
! RE/ (! ORGAN4 ,X LIES AG/ ! BR1/1 &
5TIRELY 9 ! ANT]IOR "P (! BODY1 9 ORD]
6PREV5T T REGION F GETT+ *ILL$4 ,= 9 ALL
ANIMALS "! IS -P>ATIVELY LL FLE% OV] !
BR1/1 ":AS "! IS A M ABUNDANT COV]+ ( T
SUB/.E ON ! PO/]IOR SURFACE1 S T ! H1T
HAS 9 ! BACK A SU6ICI5T AM.T ( PROTEC;N4
,9 ALL ANIMALS B MAN ! HE>T IS PLAC$ 9 !
C5TRE (! PECTORAL REGION2 B 9 MAN X
9CL9ES A LL T[>DS ! LEFT1 S T X MAY
C.T]BAL.E ! *ILLI;S ( T SIDE4 ,=! LEFT
SIDE IS COLD] 9 MAN1 Z -P>$ )! "R1 ?AN 9
ANY O!R ANIMAL4 ,X HAS BE5 /AT$ 9 AN
E>LI] TR1TISE T EV5 9 FI%ES ! HE>T HOLDS
! SAME POSI;N Z 9 O!R ANIMALS2 &! R1SON
HAS BE5 GIV5 :Y X APPE>S N 6D S4 ,! APEX
(! HE>T1 X IS TRUE1 IS 9 !M TURN$ T[>DS
! H1D1 B ? 9 FI%ES IS ! FRONT ASPECT1 =
X IS ! DIREC;N 9 : _! MO;N O3URS4
  ,! HE>T AG IS ABUNDANTLY SUPPLI$ )
S9EWS1 Z MI<T R1SONABLY 2 EXPECT$4 ,=!
MO;NS (! BODY -M;E F ! HE>T1 & >E BR"\
AB 0TRAC;N & RELAX,N4 ,! HE>T "!=E1 :1 Z
ALR SD10' Z X 7 A LIV+ CR1TURE 9SIDE XS
POSSESSOR1 REQUIRES "S S* SUBS]VI5T &
/R5G!N+ "PS4
  ,9 NO ANIMALS DOES ! HE>T 3TA9 A B"O1
C]TA9LY 9 N"O ( ^? T WE H \RVS 9SPECT$1
)! EXCEP;N (! HORSE &A C]TA9 K9D ( OX4
,9 ^! EXCEP;NAL CASES ! HE>T1 [+ 6XS
L>GE BULK1 IS PROVID$ )A B"O Z A
SUPPORT2 J Z ! B"OS S]VE Z SUPPORTS =!
BODY G5],Y4
  ,9 ANIMALS ( GRT SIZE ! HE>T HAS ?REE
CAVITIES2 9 SMALL] ANIMALS X HAS TWO2 &
9 ALL HAS AT L1/ "O1 =1 Z ALR /AT$1 "!
M/ 2 "S PLACE 9 ! HE>T 6S]VE Z A
RECEPTACLE =! F/ BLOOD2 :1 Z HAS BE5
M5;N$ M ?AN ONCE1 IS =M$ 9 ? ORGAN4 ,B
9ASM* Z ! MA9 BLOOD-VESSELS >E TWO 9
NUMB]1 "NLY ! S-CALL$ GRT VESSEL &!
AORTA1 EA* ( : IS ! ORIG9 ( O!R VESSELS2
9ASM*1 MOREOV]1 Z ^! TWO VESSELS PRES5T
DI6];ES1 "HAF 6BE 4CUSS$1 :5 -P>$ ) EA*
O!R1 X IS ( ADVANTAGE T !Y AL % !MVS H
4T9CT ORIG9S4 ,? ADVANTAGE W 2 OBTA9$ IF
EA* SIDE H XS [N BLOOD1 &! BLOOD ( "O
SIDE 2 KEPT SEP>ATE F T (! O!R4 ,= ?
R1SON ! HE>T1 :5"E X IS POSSI#1 HAS TWO
RECEPTACLES4 ,& ? POSSIBIL;Y EXI/S 9 !
CASE ( L>GE ANIMALS1 = 9 !M ! HE>T1 Z !
BODY G5],Y1 IS ( L>GE SIZE4 ,AG X IS /
BETT] T "! % 2 ?REE CAVITIES1 S T !
MI4LE & ODD "O MAY S]VE Z A C5TRE -MON
6BO? SIDES4 ,B ? REQUIRES ! HE>T 6BE (
GRT] MAGNITUDE1 S T X IS ONLY 9 ! L>GE/
HE>TS T "! >E ?REE CAVITIES4
  ,( ^! ?REE CAVITIES X IS ! "R T HAS !
MO/ ABUNDANT &! HOTTE/ BLOOD1 & ?
EXPLA9S :Y ! LIMBS AL ON ! "R SIDE (!
BODY >E W>M] ?AN ^? ON ! LEFT4 ,! LEFT
CAV;Y HAS ! L1/ BLOOD ( ALL1 &! COLDE/2
:ILE 9 ! MI4LE CAV;Y ! BLOOD1 Z REG>DS
QUANT;Y & H1T1 IS 9T]M$IATE 6! O!R TWO1
2+ H["E ( PUR] QUAL;Y ?AN EI4 ,= X
2HOVES ! SUPREME "P 6BE Z TRANQUIL Z
POSSI#1 & ? TRANQUILL;Y C 2 5SUR$ 0!
BLOOD 2+ PURE1 &( MOD]ATE AM.T & W>M?4
  ,9 ! HE>T ( ANIMALS "! IS AL A K9D (
JO9T-L DIVI.N1 "S?+ L ! SUTURES (!
SKULL4 ,? IS N1 H["E1 ATTRIBUTA# 6! HE>T
2+ =M$ 0! UNION ( S"EAL "PS 96A -P.D
:OLE1 B IS R1 Z ALR SD1 ! RESULT (A
JO9T-L DIVI.N4 ,^! JO9T+S >E MO/ 4T9CT 9
ANIMALS ( KE5 S5SIBIL;Y1 & LESS S 9 ^? T
>E ( DULL] FEEL+1 9 SW9E = 9/.E4 ,DI6]5T
HE>TS DI6] AL F EA* O!R 9 _! SIZES1 & 9
_! DEGREES ( FIRM;S2 & ^! DI6];ES "SH[
EXT5D _! 9FLU;E 6! TEMP]A;TS (! ANIMALS4
,= 9 ANIMALS ( L[ S5SIBIL;Y ! HE>T IS
H>D & D5SE 9 TEXTURE1 :ILE X IS S(T] 9
S* Z >E 5D[$ ) KE5] FEEL+4 ,S AL :5 !
HE>T IS ( L>GE SIZE ! ANIMAL IS TIMOR\S1
:ILE X IS M C\RAGE\S IF ! ORGAN 2 SMALL]
&( MOD]ATE BULK4 ,= 9 ! =M] ! BODILY
A6EC;N : RESULTS F T]ROR ALR PRE-EXI/S2
=! BULK (! HE>T IS \ ( ALL PROPOR;N 6!
ANIMAL'S H1T1 : 2+ SMALL IS REDUC$
69SIGNIFIC.E 9 ! L>GE SPACE1 & ?US !
BLOOD IS MADE COLD] ?AN X WD O!RWISE BE4
  ,! HE>T IS ( L>GE SIZE 9 ! H>E1 ! DE]1
! M\SE1 ! HY5A1 ! ASS1 ! LEOP>D1 ! M>T51
& 9 PRETTY NE>LY ALL O!R ANIMALS T EI >E
MANIFE/LY TIMOR\S1 OR 2TRAY _! C[>DICE
0_! SPITE;L;S4
  ,:AT HAS BE5 SD (! HE>T Z A :OLE IS NO
LESS TRUE ( XS CAVITIES &(! BLOOD-
VESSELS2 ^! AL IF ( L>GE SIZE 2+ COLD4
,= J Z A FIRE ( EQUAL SIZE GIVES LESS
H1T 9 A L>GE ROOM ?AN 9 A SMALL "O1 S AL
DOES ! H1T 9 A L>GE CAV;Y OR A L>GE
BLOOD-VESSEL1 T IS 9 A L>GE RECEPTACLE1
H LESS E6ECT ?AN 9 A SMALL "O4 ,MOREOV]1
ALL HOT BODIES >E COOL$ 0MO;NS EXT]NAL
6!MVS1 &! M SPACI\S ! CAVITIES & VESSELS
>E1 ! GRT] ! AM.T ( _S !Y 3TA91 &! M
POT5T XS AC;N4 ,?US X IS T NO ANIMAL T
HAS L>GE CAVITIES 9 XS HE>T1 OR L>GE
BLOOD-VESSELS1 IS "E FAT1 ! VESSELS 2+
9DIST9CT &! CAVITIES SMALL 9 ALL OR MO/
FAT ANIMALS4
  ,! HE>T AG IS ! ONLY "O (! VISC]A1 &
9DE$ ! ONLY "P (! BODY1 T IS UNA#
6TOL]ATE ANY S]I\S A6EC;N4 ,? IS B :AT
MI<T R1SONABLY 2 EXPECT$4 ,=1 IF !
PRIM>Y OR DOM9ANT "P 2 41S$1 "! IS NO?+
F : ! O!R "PS : DEP5D ^U X C DERIVE
SU3\R4 ,A PRO( T ! HE>T IS ?US UNA#
6TOL]ATE ANY MORBID A6EC;N IS FURNI%$ 0!
FACT T 9 NO SACRIFICIAL VICTIM HAS X "E
BE5 SE5 6BE A6ECT$ ) ^? 41SES T >E
OBS]VA# 9 ! O!R VISC]A4 ,=! KIDNEYS >E
FREQU5TLY F.D 6BE FULL ( /"OS1 & GR[?S1
& SMALL ABSCESSES1 Z AL >E ! LIV]1 !
LUNG1 & M ?AN ALL ! SPLE54 ,"! >E AL _M
O!R MORBID 3DI;NS : >E SE5 6O3UR 9 ^!
"PS1 ^? : >E L1/ LIA# 6S* 2+ ! POR;N (!
LUNG : IS CLOSE 6! W9DPIPE1 &! POR;N (!
LIV] : LIES AB ! JUNC;N )! GRT BLOOD-
VESSEL4 ,? AG ADMITS (A R,NAL EXPLAN,N4
,= X IS 9 ^! "PS T ! LUNG & LIV] >E MO/
CLOSELY 9 -MUNION )! HE>T4 ,ON ! O!R H&1
:5 ANIMALS DIE N 0SACRIFICE B F 41SE1 &
F A6EC;NS S* Z >E M5;N$ ABV1 !Y >E F.D
ON 4SEC;N 6H MORBID A6EC;NS (! HE>T4
  ,?US M* (! HE>T1 XS NATURE1 &! 5D &
CAUSE ( XS EXI/;E 9 S* ANIMALS Z H X4

                   #E

  ,9 DUE SEQU;E WE H NEXT 64CUSS !
BLOOD-VESSELS1 T IS 6SAY ! GRT VESSEL &!
AORTA4 ,= X IS 96^! TWO T ! BLOOD F/
PASSES :5 X QUITS ! HE>T2 & ALL ! O!R
VESSELS >E B (F%OOTS F !M4 ,N[ T ^!
VESSELS EXI/ ON A3.T (! BLOOD HAS ALR
BE5 /AT$4 ,= E FLUID REQUIRES A
RECEPTACLE1 & 9 ! CASE (! BLOOD !
VESSELS >E T RECEPTACLE4 ,LET U N[
EXPLA9 :Y ^! VESSELS >E TWO1 & :Y !Y
SPR+ F "O S+LE S\RCE1 & EXT5D "?\T !
:OLE BODY4
  ,! R1SON1 !N1 :Y ^! TWO VESSELS
COALESCE 96"O C5TRE1 & SPR+ F "O S\RCE1
IS T ! S5SORY S\L IS 9 ALL ANIMALS
ACTU,Y "O2 & ? "O-NESS (! S5SORY S\L
DET]M9ES A CORRESPOND+ "O-NESS (! "P 9 :
X PRIM>ILY ABIDES4 ,9 SANGU9E\S ANIMALS
? "O-NESS IS N ONLY ACTUAL B POT5TIAL1
":AS 9 "S BLOOD.S ANIMALS X IS ONLY
ACTUAL4 ,":1 H["E1 ! S5SORY S\L IS
LODG$1 "! AL & 9 ! SELFSAME PLACE M/
NECESS>ILY 2 ! S\RCE ( H1T2 &1 AG1 ": ?
IS "! AL M/ 2 ! S\RCE (! BLOOD1 SEE+ T X
?;E DERIVES XS W>M? & FLUID;Y4 ,?US1 !N1
9 ! "O;S (! "P 9 : IS LODG$ ! PRIME
S\RCE ( S5S,N &( H1T IS 9VOLV$ ! "O-NESS
(! S\RCE 9 : ! BLOOD ORIG9ATES2 & ?1 AG1
EXPLA9S :Y ! BLOOD-VESSELS H "O -MON
/>T+-PO9T4
  ,! VESSELS1 AG1 >E TWO1 2C ! BODY ( E
SANGU9E\S ANIMAL T IS CAPA# ( LOCOMO;N
IS BILAT]AL2 = 9 ALL S* ANIMALS "! IS A
4T+UI%A# 2F & 2H1 A "R & LEFT1 AN ABV &
2L4 ,N[ Z ! FRONT IS M HON\RA# &( HI<]
SUPREMACY ?AN ! H9D] ASPECT1 S AL & 9 L
DEGREE IS ! GRT VESSEL SUP]IOR 6! AORTA4
,=! GRT VESSEL IS PLAC$ 9 FRONT1 :ILE !
AORTA IS 2H2 ! =M] AG IS PLA9LY VISI# 9
ALL SANGU9E\S ANIMALS1 :ILE ! LATT] IS 9
"S 9DIST9CT & 9 "S N 4C]NI# AT ALL4
  ,LA/LY1 ! R1SON =! VESSELS 2+ 4TRIBUT$
"?\T ! 5TIRE BODY IS T 9 !M1 OR 9 "PS
ANALOG\S 6!M1 IS 3TA9$ ! BLOOD1 OR !
FLUID : 9 BLOOD.S ANIMALS TAKES ! PLACE
( BLOOD1 & T ! BLOOD OR ANALOG\S FLUID
IS ! MAT]IAL F : ! :OLE BODY IS MADE4
,N[ Z 6! MANN] 9 : ANIMALS >E N\RI%$1 &
Z 6! S\RCE F : !Y OBTA9 NUTRI;T & Z 6!
WAY 9 : !Y ABSORB ? F ! /OMA*1 ^! >E
MATT]S : MAY 2 M SUITABLY 3SID]$ &
EXPLA9$ 9 ! TR1TISE ON ,G5],N4 ,B 9ASM*
Z ! "PS >E1 Z ALR SD1 =M$ \ (! BLOOD1 X
IS B R,NAL T ! FL[ (! BLOOD %D EXT5D1 Z
X DOES1 "?\T ! :OLE (! BODY4 ,= S9CE EA*
"P IS =M$ ( BLOOD1 EA* M/ H BLOOD AB & 9
XS SUB/.E4
  ,6GIVE AN ILLU/R,N ( ?4 ,! WAT]-C\RSES
9 G>D5S >E S 3/RUCT$ Z 64TRIBUTE WAT] F
"O S+LE S\RCE OR F.T 96NUM]\S *ANNELS1 :
DIVIDE & SUBDIVIDE S Z 63VEY X 6ALL "PS2
&1 AG1 9 H\SE-BUILD+ /"OS >E ?R[N D[N
AL;G ! :OLE GR.D-PLAN (! F.D,N WALLS2 2C
! G>D5-PLANTS 9 ! "O CASE GR[ AT !
EXP5SE (! WAT]1 &! F.D,N WALLS 9 ! O!R
>E BUILT \ (! /"OS4 ,N[ J AF ! SAME
FA%ION HAS NATURE LAID D[N *ANNELS =!
3VEY.E (! BLOOD "?\T ! :OLE BODY1 2C ?
BLOOD IS ! MAT]IAL \ ( : ! :OLE FABRIC
IS MADE4 ,? 2COMES V EVID5T 9 BODIES T H
"UG"O GRT EMACI,N4 ,= 9 S* "! IS NO?+
6BE SE5 B ! BLOOD-VESSELS2 J Z :5 FIG-
L1VES OR V9E-L1VES OR ! L H DRI$ UP1 "!
IS NO?+ LEFT ( !M B _! VESSELS4 ,!
EXPLAN,N ( ? IS T ! BLOOD1 OR FLUID :
TAKES XS PLACE1 IS POT5TI,Y BODY & FLE%1
OR SUB/.E ANALOG\S 6FLE%4 ,N[ J Z 9
IRRIG,N ! L>GE/ DYKES >E P]MAN5T1 :ILE !
SMALLE/ >E SOON FILL$ UP ) MUD & 4APPE>1
AG 62COME VISI# :5 ! DEPOSIT ( MUD
C1SES2 S AL D ! L>GE/ BLOOD-VESSELS
REMA9 P]MAN5TLY OP51 :ILE ! SMALLE/ >E
3V]T$ ACTU,Y 96FLE%1 ?\< POT5TI,Y !Y >E
NO :IT LESS VESSELS ?AN 2F4 ,? TOO
EXPLA9S :Y1 S L;G Z ! FLE% ( AN ANIMAL
IS 9 XS 9TEGR;Y1 BLOOD W FL[ F ANY "P (
X :ATSO"E T IS CUT1 ?\< NO VESSEL1 H["E
SMALL1 2 VISI# 9 X4 ,YET "! C 2 NO
BLOOD1 UN.S "! 2 A BLOOD-VESSEL4 ,!
VESSELS !N >E "!1 B >E 9VISI# [+ 6_! 2+
CLO7$ UP1 J Z ! DYKES = IRRIG,N >E
9VISI# UNTIL !Y H BE5 CLE>$ ( MUD4
  ,Z ! BLOOD-VESSELS ADV.E1 !Y 2COME
GRADU,Y SMALL] & SMALL]1 UNTIL AT LA/ _!
TUBES >E TOO F9E 6ADMIT ! BLOOD4 ,?
FLUID C "!=E NO L;G] F9D XS WAY "? !M1
?\< !Y / GIVE PASSAGE 6! HUM\R : WE CALL
SW1T2 & ESPECI,Y S :5 ! BODY IS H1T$1 &!
M\?S (! SMALL VESSELS >E DILAT$4 ,9/.ES1
9DE$1 >E N UN"KN ( P]SONS :O 9 3SEQU;E (
A CA*ECTIC /ATE H SECRET$ SW1T T RESEM#D
BLOOD1 _! BODY HAV+ 2COME LOOSE & FLA2Y1
& _! BLOOD WAT]Y1 [+ 6! H1T 9 ! SMALL
VESSELS HAV+ BE5 TOO SCANTY = XS 3COC;N4
,=1 Z 0 2F SD1 E -P.D ( E>? & WAT]-& BO?
NUTRI;T & BLOOD >E S*-2COMES ?ICK] F
3COC;N4 ,! 9ABIL;Y (! H1T 6E6ECT 3COC;N
MAY 2 DUE EI 6XS 2+ ABSOLUTELY SMALL 9
AM.T1 OR 6XS 2+ SMALL 9 PROPOR;N 6!
QUANT;Y ( FOOD1 :5 ? HAS BE5 TAK5
EXCESS4 ,? EXCESS AG MAY 2 ( TWO K9DS1
EI QUANTITATIVE OR QUALITATIVE2 = ALL
SUB/.ES >E N EQU,Y AM5A# 63COC;N4
  ,! WIDE/ PASSAGES 9 ! BODY >E ( ALL
"PS ! MO/ LIA# 6HAEMORRHAGE2 S T BLE$+
O3URS N 9FREQU5TLY F ! NO/RILS1 ! GUMS1
&! FUNDA;T1 O3A.N,Y AL F ! M\?4 ,S*
HAEMORRHAGES >E (A PASSIVE K9D1 & N
VIOL5T Z >E ^? F ! W9DPIPE4
  ,! GRT VESSEL &! AORTA1 : ABV LIE
"S:AT A"P1 L[] D[N EX*ANGE POSI;NS1 & 0S
DO+ GIVE -PACT;S 6! BODY4 ,= :5 !Y R1* !
PO9T ": ! LEGS DIV]GE1 !Y EA* SPLIT
96TWO1 &! GRT VESSEL PASSES F ! FRONT 6!
RE>1 &! AORTA F ! RE> 6! FRONT4 ,0? !Y
3TRIBUTE 6! UN;Y (! :OLE FABRIC4 ,= Z 9
PLAIT$ "W ! "PS HOLD M FIRMLY TGR 2C (!
9T]W1V+1 S AL 0! 9T]*ANGE ( POSI;N 2T !
BLOOD-VESSELS >E ! ANT]IOR & PO/]IOR "PS
(! BODY M CLOSELY KNIT TGR4 ,A SIMIL>
EX*ANGE ( POSI;N O3URS AL 9 ! UPP] "P (!
BODY1 2T ! VESSELS T H ISSU$ F ! HE>T4
,! DETAILS H["E (! MUTUAL REL,NS (!
DI6]5T VESSELS M/ 2 LOOK$ = 9 ! TR1TISES
ON ,ANATOMY &! ,RESE>*ES 3C]N+ ,ANIMALS4
  ,S M*1 !N1 Z 3C]NS ! HE>T &! BLOOD-
VESSELS4 ,WE M/ N[ PASS ON 6! O!R VISC]A
& APPLY ! SAME ME?OD ( 9QUIRY 6!M4

                   #F

  ,! LUNG1 !N1 IS AN ORGAN F.D 9 ALL !
ANIMALS (A C]TA9 CLASS1 2C !Y LIVE ON
L&4 ,= "! M/ ( NECESS;Y 2 "S M1NS OR O!R
( TEMP]+ ! H1T (! BODY2 & 9 SANGU9E\S
ANIMALS1 Z !Y >E ( AN ESPECI,Y HOT
NATURE1 ! COOL+ AG5CY M/ 2 EXT]NAL1 ":AS
9 ! BLOOD.S K9DS ! 9NATE _S IS SU6ICI5T
( XF =! PURPOSE4 ,! EXT]NAL COOL+ AG5T
M/ 2 EI AIR OR WAT]4 ,9 FI%ES ! AG5T IS
WAT]4 ,FI%ES "!=E N"E H A LUNG1 B H
GILLS 9 XS PLACE1 Z 0 /AT$ 9 ! TR1TISE
ON ,RESPIR,N4 ,B ANIMALS T BR1! >E COOL$
0AIR4 ,^! "!=E >E ALL PROVID$ )A LUNG4
  ,ALL L& ANIMALS BR1!1 & EV5 "S WAT]
ANIMALS1 S* Z ! :ALE1 ! DOLPH91 & ALL !
SP\T+ ,CETACEA4 ,= _M ANIMALS LIE HALF-
WAY 2T T]RE/RIAL & AQUATIC2 "S T >E
T]RE/RIAL & T 9SPIRE AIR 2+ N"E!.S ( S*
A BODILY 3/ITU;N T !Y ABIDE =! MO/ "T 9
! WAT]2 & "S T >E AQUATIC P>TAK+ S
L>GELY (! L& "*1 T RESPIR,N 3/ITUTES =
!M ! MAN 3DI;N ( LIFE4
  ,! ORGAN ( RESPIR,N IS ! LUNG4 ,?
DERIVES XS MO;N F ! HE>T2 B X IS XS [N
L>GE SIZE & SP;GY TEXTURE T AF=DS
AMPLITUDE ( SPACE = 5TR.E (! BR1?4 ,= :5
! LUNG RISES UP ! BR1? /R1MS IN1 & IS AG
EXPELL$ :5 ! LUNG COLLAPSES4 ,X HAS BE5
SD T ! LUNG EXI/S Z A PROVI.N 6MEET !
JUMP+ (! HE>T4 ,B ? IS \ (! "Q4 ,= MAN
IS PRACTIC,Y ! ONLY ANIMAL ^: HE>T
PRES5TS ? PH5OM5ON ( JUMP+1 9ASM* Z HE
AL"O IS 9FLU;ED 0HOPE & ANTICIP,N (!
FUTURE4 ,MOREOV]1 9 MO/ ANIMALS ! LUNG
IS SEP>AT$ F ! HE>T 0A 3SID]A# 9T]VAL &
LIES ABV X1 S T X C 3TRIBUTE NO?+
6MITIGATE ANY JUMP+4
  ,! LUNG DI6]S M* 9 DI6]5T ANIMALS4 ,=
9 "S X IS ( L>GE SIZE & 3TA9S BLOOD2
:ILE 9 O!RS X IS SMALL] &( SP;GY
TEXTURE4 ,9 ! VIVIP>A X IS L>GE & RI* 9
BLOOD1 2C ( _! NATURAL H1T2 :ILE 9 !
OVIP>A X IS SMALL & DRY B CAPA# ( EXP&+
6A VA/ EXT5T :5 9FLAT$4 ,AM;G T]RE/RIAL
ANIMALS1 ! OVIP>\S QUADRUP$S1 S* Z
LIZ>DS1 TORTOISES1 &! L1 H ? K9D ( LUNG2
&1 AM;G 9HABITANTS (! AIR1 ! ANIMALS "KN
Z BIRDS4 ,= 9 ALL ^! ! LUNG IS SP;GY1 &
L FOAM4 ,= X IS MEMBRAN\S & COLLAPSES F
A L>GE BULK 6A SMALL "O1 Z DOES FOAM :5
X RUNS TGR4 ,9 ? TOO LIES ! EXPLAN,N (!
FACT T ^! ANIMALS >E LL LIA# 6?IR/ &
DR9K B SP>+LY1 & T !Y >E A# 6REMA9 =A
3SID]A# "T "U WAT]4 ,=1 9ASM* Z !Y H B
LL H1T1 ! V MO;N (! LUNG1 AIRLIKE &
VOID1 SU6ICES 0XF 6COOL !M =A 3SID]A#
P]IOD4
  ,^! ANIMALS1 SP1K+ G5],Y1 >E AL
4T+UI%$ F O!RS 0_! SMALL] BULK4 ,= H1T
PROMOTES GR[?1 & ABUND.E ( BLOOD IS A
SURE 9DIC,N ( H1T4 ,H1T1 AG1 T5DS 6MAKE
! BODY ERECT2 & ?US X IS T MAN IS ! MO/
ERECT ( ANIMALS1 &! VIVIP>A M ERECT ?AN
O!R QUADRUP$S4 ,= NO VIVIP>\S ANIMAL1 2
X APOD\S OR 2 X POSSESS$ ( FEET1 IS S
GIV5 6CREEP 96HOLES Z >E ! OVIP>A4
  ,! LUNG1 !N1 EXI/S = RESPIR,N2 & ? IS
XS UNIV]SAL (FICE2 B 9 "O ORD] ( ANIMALS
X IS BLOOD.S & HAS ! /RUCTURE DESCRIB$
ABV1 6SUIT ! SPECIAL REQUIRE;TS ,"! IS1
H["E1 NO "O T]M 6DENOTE ALL ANIMALS T H
A LUNG2 NO DESIGN,N1 T IS1 L ! T]M
,BIRD1 APPLICA# 6! :OLE (A C]TA9 CLASS4
,YET ! POSSES.N (A LUNG IS A "P ( _!
ESS;E1 J Z M* Z ! PRES;E ( C]TA9 "*S
3/ITUTES ! ESS;E (A BIRD4

                   #G

  ,(! VISC]A "S APPE> 6BE S+LE1 Z ! HE>T
& LUNG2 O!RS 6BE D\#1 Z ! KIDNEYS2 :ILE
(A ?IRD K9D X IS D\BT;L 9 : CLASS !Y %D
2 RECKON$4 ,=! LIV] &! SPLE5 WD SEEM
6LIE HALF-WAY 2T ! S+LE &! D\# ORGANS4
,= !Y MAY 2 REG>D$ EI Z 3/ITUT+ EA* A
S+LE ORGAN1 OR Z A PAIR ( ORGANS
RESEMBL+ EA* O!R 9 "*4
  ,9 R1L;Y1 H["E1 ALL ! ORGANS >E D\#4
,! R1SON = ? IS T ! BODY XF IS D\#1
3SI/+ ( TWO HALVES1 : >E H["E -B9$ TGR
"U "O SUPREME C5TRE4 ,= "! IS AN UPP] &A
L[] HALF1 A FRONT &A RE>1 A "R SIDE &A
LEFT4
  ,? EXPLA9S :Y X IS T EV5 ! BRA9 &!
S"EAL ORGANS ( S5SE T5D 9 ALL ANIMALS
63SI/ ( TWO "PS2 &! SAME EXPLAN,N
APPLIES 6! HE>T ) XS CAVITIES4 ,! LUNG
AG 9 ,OVIP>A IS DIVID$ 6S* AN EXT5T T ^!
ANIMALS LOOK Z ?\< !Y _H ACTU,Y TWO
LUNGS4 ,Z 6! KIDNEYS1 NO "O C OV]LOOK _!
D\# "*4 ,B :5 WE -E 6! LIV] &! SPLE51
ANY "O MI<T FAIRLY 2 9 D\BT4 ,! R1SON (
? IS1 T1 9 ANIMALS T NECESS>ILY H A
SPLE51 ? ORGAN IS S* T X MI<T 2 TAK5 =A
K9D ( BA/>D LIV]2 :ILE 9 ^? 9 : A SPLE5
IS N AN ACTUAL NECESS;Y B IS M]ELY
PRES5T1 Z X W]E1 0WAY ( TOK51 9 AN
EXTREMELY M9UTE =M1 ! LIV] PLA9LY 3SI/S
( TWO "PS2 ( : ! L>G] T5DS 6LIE ON ! "R
SIDE &! SMALL] ON ! LEFT4 ,N B :AT "! >E
"S EV5 (! ,OVIP>A 9 : ? 3DI;N IS
-P>ATIVELY 9DIST9CTLY M>K$2 :ILE1 ON !
O!R H&1 "! >E "S ,VIVIP>A 9 : ! LIV] IS
MANIFE/LY DIVID$ 96TWO "PS4 ,EXAMPLES (
S* DIVI.N >E FURNI%$ 0! H>ES ( C]TA9
REGIONS1 : H ! APPE>.E ( HAV+ TWO LIV]S1
& 0! C>TILAG9\S & "S O!R FI%ES4
  ,X IS ! POSI;N (! LIV] ON ! "R SIDE (!
BODY T IS ! MA9 CAUSE =! =M,N (! SPLE52
! EXI/;E ( : ?US 2COMES 6A C]TA9 EXT5T A
MATT] ( NECESS;Y 9 ALL ANIMALS1 ?\< N (
V /R+5T NECESS;Y4
  ,! R1SON1 !N1 :Y ! VISC]A >E BILAT]AL
IS1 Z WE H SD1 T "! >E TWO SIDES 6!
BODY1 A "R &A LEFT4 ,= EA* ( ^! SIDES
AIMS AT SIMIL>;Y )! O!R1 & S LIKEWISE D
_! S"EAL VISC]A2 & Z ! SIDES1 ?\< DUAL1
>E KNIT TGR 96UN;Y1 S AL D ! VISC]A T5D
6BE BILAT]AL & YET "O 0UN;Y ( 3/ITU;N4
  ,^? VISC]A : LIE 2L ! DIAPHRAGM EXI/
"O & ALL ON A3.T (! BLOOD-VESSELS2 S]V+
Z A BOND1 0: ^! VESSELS1 :ILE FLOAT+
FREELY1 >E YET HELD 9 3NEXION )! BODY4
,=! VESSELS GIVE (F BRAN*ES : RUN 6!
BODY "? ! \T/RET*$ /RUCTURES1 L S _M
AN*ORL9ES ?R[N \ F A %IP4 ,! GRT VESSEL
S5DS S* BRAN*ES 6! LIV] &! SPLE52 & ^!
VISC]A-! LIV] & SPLE5 ON EI SIDE )!
KIDNEYS 2H-ATTA* ! GRT VESSEL 6! BODY )!
FIRM;S ( NAILS4 ,! AORTA S5DS SIMIL>
BRAN*ES 6EA* KIDNEY1 B N"O 6! LIV] OR
SPLE54
  ,^! VISC]A1 !N1 3TRIBUTE 9 ? MANN] 6!
-PACT;S (! ANIMAL BODY4 ,! LIV] & SPLE5
ASSI/1 MOREOV]1 9 ! 3COC;N (! FOOD2 =
BO? >E (A HOT "*1 [+ 6! BLOOD : !Y 3TA94
,! KIDNEYS1 ON ! O!R H&1 TAKE "P 9 !
SEP>,N (! EXCRE;N : FL[S 96! BLA4]4
  ,! HE>T !N &! LIV] >E ESS5TIAL
3/ITU5TS ( E ANIMAL2 ! LIV] T X MAY
E6ECT 3COC;N1 ! HE>T T X MAY LODGE !
C5TRAL S\RCE ( H1T4 ,= "S "P OR O!R "!
M/ 2 :1 L A HE>?1 % HOLD ! K9DL+ FIRE2 &
? "P M/ 2 WELL PROTECT$1 SEE+ T X IS1 Z
X W]E1 ! CITADEL (! BODY4
  ,ALL SANGU9E\S ANIMALS1 !N1 NE$ ^! TWO
"PS2 & ? EXPLA9S :Y ^! TWO VISC]A1 & ^!
TWO AL"O1 >E 9V>IABLY F.D 9 !M ALL4 ,9
S* ( !M1 H["E1 Z BR1!1 "! IS AL Z
9V>IABLY A ?IRD1 "NLY ! LUNG4 ,! SPLE51
ON ! O!R H&1 IS N 9V>IABLY PRES5T2 &1 9
^? ANIMALS T H X1 IS ONLY PRES5T (
NECESS;Y 9 ! SAME S5SE Z ! EXCRE;NS (!
BELLY &(! BLA4] >E NEC1 9 ! S5SE1 T IS1
( 2+ AN 9EVITA# 3COMITANT4 ,"!=E X IS T
9 "S ANIMALS ! SPLE5 IS B SCANTILY
DEVELOP$ Z REG>DS SIZE4 ,?1 = 9/.E1 IS !
CASE 9 S* F1!R$ ANIMALS Z H A HOT /OMA*4
,S* >E ! PIGEON1 ! HAWK1 &! KITE4 ,X IS
! CASE AL 9 OVIP>\S QUADRUP$S1 ": !
SPLE5 IS EXCESSIVELY M9UTE1 & 9 _M (!
SCALY FI%ES4 ,^! SAME ANIMALS >E AL )\T
A BLA4]1 2C ! LOOSE TEXTURE ( _! FLE%
ALL[S ! RESIDUAL FLUID 6PASS "? & 6BE
APPLI$ 6! =M,N ( F1!RS & SCALES4 ,=!
SPLE5 ATTRACTS ! RESIDUAL HUM\RS F !
/OMA*1 & [+ 6XS BLOODLIKE "* IS 5A#D
6ASSI/ 9 _! 3COC;N4 ,%D1 H["E1 ?
RESIDUAL FLUID 2 TOO ABUNDANT1 OR ! H1T
(! SPLE5 2 TOO SCANTY1 ! BODY 2COMES
SICKLY F OV]-REPLE;N ) NUTRI;T4 ,(T51
TOO1 :5 ! SPLE5 IS A6ECT$ 041SE1 ! BELLY
2COMES H>D [+ 6! REFLUX 96X (! FLUID2 J
Z HAPP5S 6^? :O =M TOO M* UR9E1 = !Y AL
>E LIA# 6A SIMIL> DIV].N (! FLUIDS 96!
BELLY4 ,B 9 ^? ANIMALS T H B LL
SUP]FLU\S FLUID 6EXCRETE1 S* Z BIRDS &
FI%ES1 ! SPLE5 IS N"E L>GE1 & 9 "S EXI/S
NO M ?AN 0WAY ( TOK54 ,S AL 9 ! OVIP>\S
QUADRUP$S X IS SMALL1 -PACT1 & L A
KIDNEY4 ,= _! LUNG IS SP;GY1 & !Y DR9K B
LL1 & S* SUP]FLU\S FLUID Z !Y H IS
APPLI$ 6! GR[? (! BODY &! =M,N ( SCALY
PLATES1 J Z 9 BIRDS X IS APPLI$ 6! =M,N
( F1!RS4
  ,ON ! O!R H&1 9 S* ANIMALS Z H A
BLA4]1 & ^: LUNG 3TA9S BLOOD1 ! SPLE5 IS
WAT]Y1 BO? =! R1SON ALR M5;N$1 & AL 2C !
LEFT SIDE (! BODY IS M WAT]Y & COLD] ?AN
! "R4 ,= EA* ( TWO 3TR>IES HAS BE5 S
PLAC$ Z 6G TGR ) T : IS AK9 6X 9 ANO!R
PAIR ( 3TR>IES4 ,?US "R & LEFT1 HOT &
COLD1 >E PAIRS ( 3TR>IES2 & "R IS 3JO9$
) HOT1 AF ! MANN] DESCRIB$1 & LEFT )
COLD4
  ,! KIDNEYS :5 !Y >E PRES5T EXI/ N (
ACTUAL NECESS;Y1 B Z MATT]S ( GRT] F9I%
& P]FEC;N4 ,= 0_! SPECIAL "* !Y >E SUIT$
6S]VE 9 ! EXCRE;N (! FLUID : COLLECTS 9
! BLA4]4 ,9 ANIMALS "!=E ": ? FLUID IS V
ABUNDANTLY =M$1 _! PRES;E 5A#S ! BLA4]
6P]=M XS PROP] (FICE ) GRT] P]FEC;N4
  ,S9CE !N BO? KIDNEYS & BLA4] EXI/ 9
ANIMALS = "O &! SAME FUNC;N1 WE M/ NEXT
TR1T (! BLA4]1 ?\< 9 S DO+ WE 4REG>D !
DUE ORD] ( SU3ES.N 9 : ! "PS %D 2
ENUM]AT$4 ,= N A ^W HAS YET BE5 SD (!
MIDRIFF1 : IS "O (! "PS T 5VIRON !
VISC]A & "!=E HAS 6BE 3SID]$ ) !M4


                   #H

  ,X IS N E ANIMAL T HAS A BLA4]2 ^?
ONLY 2+ APP>5TLY 9T5D$ 0NATURE 6H "O1 ^:
LUNG 3TA9S BLOOD4 ,6S* X 0 B R1SONA# T
%E %D GIVE ? "P4 ,=! SUP]ABUND.E 9 _!
LUNG ( XS NATURAL 3/ITU5TS CAUSES !M 6BE
! ?IR/IE/ ( ANIMALS1 & MAKES !M REQUIRE
A M ?AN ORD9>Y QUANT;Y N M]ELY ( SOLID B
AL ( LIQUID NUTRI;T4 ,? 9CR1S$ 3SUMP;N
NECESS>ILY 5TAILS ! PRODUC;N ( AN 9CR1S$
AM.T ( RESIDUE2 : ?US 2COMES TOO
ABUNDANT 6BE 3COCT$ 0! /OMA* & EXCRET$ )
XS [N RESIDUAL MATT]4 ,! RESIDUAL FLUID
M/ "!=E ( NECESS;Y H A RECEPTACLE ( XS
[N2 & ?US X -ES 6PASS T ALL ANIMALS ^:
LUNG 3TA9S BLOOD >E PROVID$ )A BLA4]4
,^? ANIMALS1 ON ! O!R H&1 T >E )\T A
LUNG ( ? "*1 & T EI DR9K B SP>+LY [+ 6_!
LUNG 2+ (A SP;GY TEXTURE1 OR N"E IMBIBE
FLUID AT ALL = DR9K+'S SAKE B ONLY Z
NUTRI;T1 9SECTS = 9/.E & FI%ES1 & T >E
MOREOV] CLAD ) F1!RS OR SCALES OR SCALY
PLATES-ALL ^! ANIMALS1 [+ 6! SMALL AM.T
( FLUID : !Y IMBIBE1 & [+ AL 6S* RESIDUE
Z "! MAY 2 2+ 3V]T$ 96F1!RS &! L1 >E
9V>IABLY )\T A BLA4]4 ,! ,TORTOISES1 :
>E -PRIS$ AM;G ANIMALS ) SCALY PLATES1
=M ! ONLY EXCEP;N2 & ? IS M]ELY DUE 6!
IMP]FECT DEVELOP;T ( _! NATURAL 3=M,N2 !
EXPLAN,N (! MATT] 2+ T 9 ! SEA-TORTOISES
! LUNG IS FLE%-L & 3TA9S BLOOD1 RESEMBL+
! LUNG (! OX1 & T 9 ! L&-TORTOISES X IS
( 4PROPOR;NATELY L>GE SIZE4 ,MOREOV]1
9ASM* Z ! COV]+ : 9VE/S !M IS D5SE &
%ELL-L1 S T ! MOI/URE _C EXHALE "? !
POR\S FLE%1 Z X DOES 9 BIRDS & 9 SNAKES
& O!R ANIMALS ) SCALY PLATES1 S* AN AM.T
( SECRE;N IS =M$ T "S SPECIAL "P IS
REQUIR$ 6RCV & HOLD X4 ,? !N IS ! R1SON
:Y ^! ANIMALS1 AL"O ( _! K9D1 H A BLA4]1
! SEA-TORTOISE A L>GE "O1 ! L&-TORTOISES
AN EXTREMELY SMALL "O4

                   #I

  ,:AT HAS BE5 SD (! BLA4] IS EQU,Y TRUE
(! KIDNEYS4 ,= ^! AL >E WANT+ 9 ALL
ANIMALS T >E CLAD ) F1!RS OR ) SCALES OR
) SCALE-L PLATES2 ! SEA & L& TORTOISES
=M+ ! ONLY EXCEP;N4 ,9 "S (! BIRDS1
H["E1 "! >E FLATT5$ KIDNEY L BODIES1 Z
?\< ! FLE% ALLOTT$ 6! =M,N (! KIDNEYS1
UNA# 6F9D "O S+LE PLACE ( SU6ICI5T SIZE1
_H BE5 SCATT]$ OV] S"EAL4
  ,! ,EMYS HAS NEI BLA4] NOR KIDNEYS4
,=! S(T;S ( XS %ELL ALL[S (! R1DY
TRANSPIR,N ( FLUID2 &= ? R1SON NEI (!
ORGANS M5;N$ EXI/S 9 ? ANIMAL4 ,ALL O!R
ANIMALS1 H["E1 ^: LUNG 3TA9S BLOOD >E1 Z
2F SD1 PROVID$ ) KIDNEYS4 ,= NATURE USES
^! ORGANS = TWO SEP>ATE PURPOSES1 "NLY =
! EXCRE;N (! RESIDUAL FLUID1 & 6SUBS]VE
! BLOOD-VESSELS1 A *ANNEL L1D+ 6!M F !
GRT VESSEL4
  ,9 ! C5TRE (! KIDNEY IS A CAV;Y (
V>IA# SIZE4 ,? IS ! CASE 9 ALL ANIMALS1
EXCEPT+ ! S1L4 ,! KIDNEYS ( ? ANIMAL >E
M SOLID ?AN ^? ( ANY O!R1 & 9 =M RESEM#
! KIDNEYS (! OX4 ,! HUMAN KIDNEYS >E (
SIMIL> %APE2 2+ Z X 7 MADE UP ( NUM]\S
SMALL KIDNEYS1 & N PRES5T+ "O UNBROK5
SURFACE L ! KIDNEYS ( %EEP & O!R
QUADRUP$S4 ,= ? R1SON1 %D ! KIDNEYS (A
MAN 2 ONCE ATTACK$ 041SE1 ! MALADY IS N
EASILY EXPELL$4 ,= X IS Z ?\< _M KIDNEYS
7 41S$ & N M]ELY "O2 : NATUR,Y 5H.ES !
DI6ICULTIES (A CURE4
  ,! DUCT : RUNS 6! KIDNEY F ! GRT
VESSEL DOES N T]M9ATE 9 ! C5TRAL CAV;Y1
B IS EXP5D$ ON ! SUB/.E (! ORGAN1 S T "!
IS NO BLOOD 9 ! CAV;Y1 NOR IS ANY
COAGULUM F.D "! AF D1?4 ,A PAIR ( /\T
DUCTS1 VOID ( BLOOD1 RUN1 "O F ! CAV;Y (
EA* KIDNEY1 6! BLA4]2 & O!R DUCTS1 /R;G
& 3T9U\S1 L1D 96! KIDNEYS F ! AORTA4 ,!
PURPOSE ( ? >RANGE;T IS 6ALL[ !
SUP]FLU\S FLUID 6PASS F ! BLOOD-VESSEL
96! KIDNEY1 &! RESULT+ R5AL EXCRE;N
6COLLECT 0! P]COL,N (! FLUID "? ! SOLID
SUB/.E (! ORGAN1 9 XS C5TRE1 ": Z A
G5]AL RULE "! IS A CAV;Y4 7,? 0! WAY
EXPLA9S :Y ! KIDNEY IS ! MO/ ILL-SAV\R$
( ALL ! VISC]A47 ,F ! C5TRAL CAV;Y !
FLUID IS 4*>G$ 96! BLA4] 0! DUCTS T H
BE5 M5;N$1 HAV+ ALR ASSUM$ 9 GRT DEGREE
! "* ( EXCRE;TAL RESIDUE4 ,! BLA4] IS Z
X 7 MOOR$ 6! KIDNEYS2 =1 Z ALR HAS BE5
/AT$1 X IS ATTA*$ 6!M 0/R;G DUCTS4 ,^!
!N >E ! PURPOSES = : ! KIDNEYS EXI/1 &
S* ! FUNC;NS ( ^! ORGANS4
  ,9 ALL ANIMALS T H KIDNEYS1 T ON ! "R
IS PLAC$ HI<] ?AN T ON ! LEFT4 ,= 9ASM*
Z MO;N -M;ES F ! "R1 &! ORGANS ON ? SIDE
>E 9 3SEQU;E /R;G] ?AN ^? ON ! LEFT1 !Y
M/ ALL PU% UPW>DS 9 ADV.E ( _! OPPOSITE
FELL[S2 Z MAY 2 SE5 9 ! FACT T M5 EV5
RAISE ! "R EYEBR[ M ?AN ! LEFT1 & T !
=M] IS M >*$ ?AN ! LATT]4 ,! "R KIDNEY
2+ ?US DRAWN UPW>DS IS 9 ALL ANIMALS
BR"\ 963TACT )! LIV]2 =! LIV] LIES ON !
"R SIDE4
  ,( ALL ! VISC]A ! KIDNEYS >E ^? T H !
MO/ FAT4 ,? IS 9 ! F/ PLACE ! RESULT (
NECESS;Y1 2C ! KIDNEYS >E ! "PS "? : !
RESIDUAL MATT]S P]COLATE4 ,=! BLOOD : IS
LEFT 2H AF ? EXCRE;N1 2+ ( PURE QUAL;Y1
IS ( EASY 3COC;N1 &! F9AL RESULT ( ?OR\<
BLOOD-3COC;N IS L>D & SUET4 ,= J Z A
C]TA9 AM.T ( FIRE IS LEFT 9 ! A%ES (
SOLID SUB/.ES AF -BUS;N1 S AL DOES A
REMNANT (! H1T T HAS BE5 DEVELOP$ REMA9
9 FLUIDS AF 3COC;N2 & ? IS ! R1SON :Y
OILY MATT] IS LI<T1 & FLOATS ON !
SURFACE ( O!R FLUIDS4 ,! FAT IS N =M$ 9
! KIDNEYS !MVS1 ! D5S;Y ( _! SUB/.E
=BI4+ ?1 B IS DEPOSIT$ AB _! EXT]NAL
SURFACE4 ,X 3SI/S ( L>D OR ( SUET1 AC Z
! ANIMAL'S FAT IS (! =M] OR LATT] "*4 ,!
DI6];E 2T ^! TWO K9DS ( FAT HAS ALR BE5
SET =? 9 O!R PASSAGES4 ,! =M,N1 !N1 (
FAT 9 ! KIDNEYS IS ! RESULT ( NECESS;Y2
2+1 Z EXPLA9$1 A 3SEQU;E (! NEC 3DI;NS :
A3OMPANY ! POSSES.N ( S* ORGANS4 ,B AT !
SAME "T ! FAT HAS A F9AL CAUSE1 "NLY
65SURE ! SAFETY (! KIDNEYS1 & 6MA9TA9 _!
NATURAL H1T4 ,= PLAC$1 Z ^! ORGANS >E1
CLOSE 6! SURFACE1 !Y REQUIRE A GRT]
SUPPLY ( H1T ?AN O!R "PS4 ,= :ILE ! BACK
IS ?ICKLY COV]$ ) FLE%1 S Z 6=M A %IELD
=! HE>T & NEI<B\R+ VISC]A1 ! LO9S1 9
A3ORD.E )A RULE T APPLIES 6ALL B5D+S1 >E
DE/ITUTE ( FLE%2 & FAT IS "!=E =M$ Z A
SUB/ITUTE = X1 S T ! KIDNEYS MAY N 2 )\T
PROTEC;N4 ,! KIDNEYS1 MOREOV]1 02+ FAT
>E ! BETT] 5A#D 6SECRETE & 3COCT _!
FLUID2 = FAT IS HOT1 & X IS H1T T E6ECTS
3COC;N4
  ,S*1 !N1 >E ! R1SONS :Y ! KIDNEYS >E
FAT4 ,B 9 ALL ANIMALS ! "R KIDNEY IS
LESS FAT ?AN XS FELL[4 ,! R1SON = ? IS1
T ! "PS ON ! "R SIDE >E NATUR,Y M SOLID
& M SUIT$ = MO;N ?AN ^? ON ! LEFT4 ,B
MO;N IS ANTAGONI/IC 6FAT1 = X T5DS 6MELT
X4
  ,ANIMALS !N1 Z A G5]AL RULE1 DERIVE
ADVANTAGE F _! KIDNEYS 2+ FAT2 &! FAT IS
(T5 V ABUNDANT & EXT5DS OV] ! :OLE ( ^!
ORGANS4 ,B1 %D ! L O3UR 9 ! %EEP1 D1?
5SUES4 ,2 XS KIDNEYS1 H["E1 Z FAT Z !Y
MAY1 !Y >E N"E S FAT B T "S "P1 IF N 9
BO? AT ANY RATE 9 ! "R "O1 IS LEFT FREE4
,! R1SON :Y %EEP >E ! ONLY ANIMALS T
SU6] 9 ? MANN]1 OR SU6] M ?AN O!RS1 IS T
9 ANIMALS ^: FAT IS -POS$ ( L>D ? IS (
FLUID 3SI/5CY1 S T "! IS N ! SAME *.E 9
_! CASE ( W9D GETT+ %UT 9 & CAUS+
MIS*IEF4 ,B X IS 6S* AN 5CLOSURE ( W9D T
ROT IS DUE4 ,& ?US EV5 9 M51 ?\< X IS
B5EFICIAL 6!M 6H FAT KIDNEYS1 YET %D ^!
ORGANS 2COME OV]-FAT & 41S$1 D1DLY PA9S
5SUE4 ,Z 6^? ANIMALS ^: FAT 3SI/S (
SUET1 9 N"O IS ! SUET S D5SE Z 9 ! %EEP1
NEI IS X NE>LY S ABUNDANT2 =( ALL
ANIMALS "! IS N"O 9 : ! KIDNEYS 2COME S
SOON GORG$ ) FAT Z 9 ! %EEP4 ,ROT1 !N1
IS PRODUC$ 0! MOI/URE &! W9D GETT+ %UT
UP 9 ! KIDNEYS1 & IS A MALADY T C>RIES
(F %EEP ) GRT RAPID;Y4 ,=! 41SE =?)
R1*ES ! HE>T1 PASS+ ?I!R 0! AORTA &! GRT
VESSEL1 ! DUCTS : 3NECT ^! )! KIDNEYS 2+
( UNBROK5 3T9U;Y4

                  #AJ

  ,WE H N[ D1LT )! HE>T &! LUNG1 Z AL )!
LIV]1 SPLE51 & KIDNEYS4 ,! LATT] >E
SEP>AT$ F ! =M] 0! MIDRIFF OR1 Z "S CALL
X1 ! ,PHR5ES4 ,? DIVIDES (F ! HE>T &
LUNG1 &1 Z ALR SD1 IS CALL$ ,PHR5ES 9
SANGU9E\S ANIMALS1 ALL ( : H A MIDRIFF1
J Z !Y ALL H A HE>T &A LIV]4 ,= !Y
REQUIRE A MIDRIFF 6DIVIDE ! REGION (!
HE>T F ! REGION (! /OMA*1 S T ! C5TRE
":9 ABIDES ! S5SORY S\L MAY 2
UNDISTURB$1 & N 2 OV]:ELM$1 DIRECTLY
FOOD IS TAK51 0XS UP-/1M+ VAP\R & 0!
ABUND.E ( H1T !N SUP]9DUC$4 ,= X 0 6GU>D
AG/ ? T NATURE MADE A DIVI.N1 3/RUCT+ !
MIDRIFF Z A K9D ( "PI;N-WALL & F;E1 & S
SEP>AT$ ! NO#R F ! LESS NO# "PS1 9 ALL
CASES ": A SEP>,N ( UPP] F L[] IS
POSSI#4 ,=! UPP] "P IS ! M HON\RA#1 & IS
T =! SAKE ( : ! RE/ EXI/S2 :ILE ! L[] "P
EXI/S =! SAKE (! UPP] & 3/ITUTES ! NEC
ELE;T 9 ! BODY1 9ASM* Z X IS ! RECIPI5T
(! FOOD4
  ,T POR;N (! MIDRIFF : IS NE> ! RIBS IS
FLE%I] & /R;G] ?AN ! RE/1 B ! C5TRAL "P
HAS M (A MEMBRAN\S "*2 = ? /RUCTURE
3DUCES BE/ 6XS /R5G? & XS EXT5SIBIL;Y4
,N[ T ! MIDRIFF1 : IS A K9D ( \TGR[? F !
SIDES (! ?ORAX1 ACTS Z A SCRE5 6PREV5T
H1T M.T+ UP F 2L1 IS %[N 0:AT HAPP5S1 %D
X1 [+ 6XS PROXIM;Y 6! /OMA*1 ATTRACT ?;E
! HOT & RESIDUAL FLUID4 ,= :5 ? O3URS "!
5SUES =?) A M>K$ 4TURB.E ( 9TELLECT &(
S5S,N4 ,X IS 9DE$ 2C ( ? T ! MIDRIFF IS
CALL$ ,PHR5ES1 Z ?\< X _H "S %>E 9 !
PROCESS ( ?9K+ 7,PHRONE974 9 R1L;Y1
H["E1 X HAS NO "P :ATSO"E XF 9 ! MATT]1
B1 LY+ 9 CLOSE PROXIM;Y 6ORGANS T H1 X
BR+S AB ! MANIFE/ *ANGES ( 9TELLIG;E 9
"Q 0ACT+ ^U !M4 ,? TOO EXPLA9S :Y XS
C5TRAL "P IS ?94 ,= ?\< ? IS 9 "S M1SURE
! RESULT ( NECESS;Y1 9ASM* Z ^? POR;NS (
! FLE%Y :OLE : LIE NE>E/ 6! RIBS M/
NECESS>ILY 2 FLE%I] ?AN ! RE/1 YET 2SS ?
"! IS A F9AL CAUSE1 "NLY 6GIVE X Z SMALL
A PROPOR;N ( HUM\R Z POSSI#2 =1 _H X BE5
MADE ( FLE% "?\T1 X WD H BE5 M LIKELY
6ATTRACT & HOLD A L>GE AM.T ( ?4 ,T H1T+
( X A6ECTS S5S,N RAPIDLY & 9 A NOTA#
MANN] IS %[N 0! PH5OM5A ( LAU<+4 ,= :5
M5 >E TICKL$ !Y >E QKLY SET A-LAU<+1 2C
! MO;N QKLY R1*ES ? "P1 & H1T+ X ?\< B
SLI<TLY N"E!.S MANIFE/LY S 4TURBS !
M5TAL AC;N Z 6O3A.N MOVE;TS T >E
9DEP5D5T (! W4 ,T MAN AL"O IS A6ECT$
0TICKL+ IS DUE F/LY 6! DELICACY ( 8 SK91
& SECONDLY 6HIS 2+ ! ONLY ANIMAL T
LAU<S4 ,= 6BE TICKL$ IS 6BE SET 9
LAU<T]1 ! LAU<T] 2+ PRODUC$ S* A MO;N Z
M5;N$ (! REGION (! >MPIT4
  ,X IS SD AL T :5 M5 9 BATTLE >E W.D$
ANY": NE> ! MIDRIFF1 !Y >E SE5 6LAU<1 [+
6! H1T PRODUC$ 0! W.D4 ,? MAY POSSIBLY 2
! CASE4 ,AT ANY RATE X IS A /ATE;T MADE
0M* M CR$I# P]SONS ?AN ^? :O TELL ! /ORY
(! HUMAN H1D1 H[ X SP1KS AF X IS CUT (F4
,= S "S ASS]T1 & EV5 CALL 9 ,HOM]
6SUPPORT !M1 REPRES5T+ HM Z ALLUD+ 6? :5
HE WROTE1 ,8,HIS H1D / SP1K+ ROLL$ 96!
DU/10' 9/1D ( ,8,! H1D (! SP1K]0'4 ,S
FULLY 0 ! POSSIBIL;Y ( S* AN O3URR;E
A3EPT$ 9 ,C>IA1 T "O ( T C.TRY 0 ACTU,Y
BR"\ 6TRIAL "U ! FOLL[+ CIRCUM/.ES4 ,!
PRIE/ ( ,ZEUS ,HOPLOSMIOS _H BE5 MURD]$2
B Z YET X _H N BE5 ASC]TA9$ :O 0 !
ASSASS92 :5 C]TA9 P]SONS ASS]T$ T !Y _H
HE>D ! MURD]$ MAN'S H1D1 : _H BE5 S"E$ F
! BODY1 REP1T S"EAL "TS ! ^WS1
,8,C]CIDAS SLEW MAN ON MAM40' ,SE>* 0
"!^U MADE &A MAN ( ^? "PS :O BORE ! "N (
,C]CIDAS HUNT$ \ & PUT ^U 8 TRIAL4 ,B X
IS IMPOSSI# T ANY "O %D UTT] A ^W :5 !
W9DPIPE IS S"E$ & NO MO;N ANY L;G]
DERIV$ F ! LUNG4 ,MOREOV]1 AM;G !
,B>B>IANS1 ": H1DS >E *OPP$ (F ) GRT
RAPID;Y1 NO?+ (! K9D HAS "E YET O3URR$4
,:Y1 AG1 DOES N ! L O3UR 9 ! CASE ( O!R
ANIMALS ?AN MAN8 ,= T N"O ( !M %D LAU<1
:5 _! MIDRIFF IS W.D$1 IS B :AT "O WD
EXPECT2 = NO ANIMAL B MAN "E LAU<S4 ,S1
TOO1 "! IS NO?+ IRR,NAL 9 SUPPOS+ T !
TRUNK MAY RUN =W>DS 6A C]TA9 4T.E AF !
H1D HAS BE5 CUT SEE+ T BLOOD.S ANIMALS
AT ANY RATE C LIVE1 & T =A 3SID]A# "T1
AF DECAPIT,N1 Z HAS BE5 SET =? & EXPLA9$
9 O!R PASSAGES4
  ,! PURPOSES1 !N1 = : ! VISC]A S"E,Y
EXI/ H N[ BE5 /AT$4 ,X IS ( NECESS;Y ^U
! 9N] T]M9,NS (! VESSELS T !Y >E
DEVELOP$2 = HUM\R1 & T (A BLOODY "*1 _C
B EXUDE AT ^! PO9TS1 & X IS ( ?1
SOLIDIFI$ & COAGULAT$1 T ! SUB/.E (!
VISC]A IS =M$4 ,?US !Y >E (A BLOODY "*1
& 9 SUB/.E RESEM# EA* O!R :ILE !Y DI6] F
O!R "PS4

                  #AA

  ,! VISC]A >E 5CLOS$ EA* 9 A MEMBRANE4
,= !Y REQUIRE "S COV]+ 6PROTECT !M F
9JURY1 & REQUIRE1 MOREOV]1 T ? COV]+ % 2
LI<T4 ,6S* REQUIRE;TS MEMBRANE IS WELL
ADAPT$2 = X IS CLOSE 9 TEXTURE S Z 6=M A
GD PROTEC;N1 DE/ITUTE ( FLE% S Z NEI
6ATTRACT HUM\R NOR RETA9 X1 & ?9 S Z 6BE
LI<T & N ADD 6! WEI<T (! BODY4 ,(!
MEMBRANES ^? >E ! /\TE/ & /R;GE/ : 9VE/
! HE>T &! BRA92 Z IS B 3SI/5T ) R1SON4
,= ^! >E ! "PS : REQUIRE MO/ PROTEC;N1
SEE+ T !Y >E ! MA9 GOV]N+ P[]S ( LIFE1 &
T X IS 6GOV]N+ P[]S T GU>D IS DUE4

                  #AB

  ,"S ANIMALS H ALL ! VISC]A T H BE5
ENUM]AT$2 O!RS H ONLY "S ( !M4 ,9 :AT
K9D ( ANIMALS ? LATT] IS ! CASE1 & :AT
IS ! EXPLAN,N1 HAS ALR BE5 /AT$4
,MOREOV]1 ! SELF-SAME VISC]A PRES5T
DI6];ES 9 DI6]5T POSSESSORS4 ,=! HE>T IS
N PRECISELY ALIKE 9 ALL ANIMALS T H "O2
NOR1 9 FACT1 IS ANY VISCUS :ATSO"E4 ,?US
! LIV] IS 9 "S ANIMALS SPLIT 96S"EAL
"PS1 :ILE 9 O!RS X IS -P>ATIVELY
UNDIVID$4 ,S* DI6];ES 9 XS =M PRES5T
!MVS EV5 AM;G ^? SANGU9E\S ANIMALS T >E
VIVIP>\S1 B >E M M>K$ 9 FI%ES & 9 !
OVIP>\S QUADRUP$S1 & ? :E!R WE -P>E !M )
EA* O!R OR )! ,VIVIP>A4 ,Z = BIRDS1 _!
LIV] V NE>LY RESEM#S T (! ,VIVIP>A2 = 9
!M1 Z 9 ^!1 X IS (A PURE & BLOOD-L
COL\R4 ,! R1SON ( ? IS T ! BODY 9 BO? ^!
CLASSES ( ANIMALS ADMITS (! FREE/
EXHAL,N1 S T ! AM.T ( F\L RESIDUAL MATT]
)9 IS B SMALL4 ,H;E X IS T "S (!
,VIVIP>A >E )\T ANY GALL-BLA4] AT ALL4
,=! LIV] TAKES A L>GE %>E 9 MA9TA9+ !
PUR;Y ( -POSI;N &! H1L?I;S (! BODY4 ,=
^! >E 3DI;NS T DEP5D F9,Y & 9 ! MA9 ^U !
BLOOD1 & "! IS M BLOOD 9 ! LIV] ?AN 9
ANY (! O!R VISC]A1 ! HE>T ONLY EXCEPT$4
,ON ! O!R H&1 ! LIV] ( OVIP>\S QUADRUP$S
& FI%ES 9CL9ES1 Z A RULE1 6A YELL[ HUE1
& "! >E EV5 "S ( !M 9 : X IS 5TIRELY ( ?
BAD COL\R1 9 A3ORD.E )! BAD -POSI;N ( _!
BODIES G5],Y4 ,S*1 = 9/.E1 IS ! CASE 9 !
TOAD1 ! TORTOISE1 & O!R SIMIL> ANIMALS4
  ,! SPLE51 AG1 V>IES 9 DI6]5T ANIMALS4
,= 9 ^? T H HORNS & CLOV5 HO(S1 S* Z !
GOAT1 ! %EEP1 &! L1 X IS (A R.D$ =M2
EXCEPT+ :5 9CR1S$ SIZE HAS CAUS$ "S "P (
X 6EXT5D XS GR[? L;GITUD9,Y1 Z HAS
HAPP5$ 9 ! CASE (! OX4 ,ON ! O!R H&1 X
IS EL;GAT$ 9 ALL POLYDACTYL\S ANIMALS4
,S*1 = 9/.E1 IS ! CASE 9 ! PIG1 9 MAN1 &
9 ! DOG4 ,:ILE 9 ANIMALS ) SOLID HO(S X
IS (A =M 9T]M$IATE 6^! TWO1 2+ BROAD 9
"O "P1 N>R[ 9 ANO!R4 ,S*1 = EXAMPLE1 IS
XS %APE 9 ! HORSE1 ! MULE1 &! ASS4

                  #AC

  ,! VISC]A DI6] F ! FLE% N ONLY 9 !
TURGID ASPECT ( _! SUB/.E1 B AL 9
POSI;N2 = !Y LIE )9 ! BODY1 ":AS ! FLE%
IS PLAC$ ON ! \TSIDE4 ,! EXPLAN,N ( ? IS
T ^! "PS P>TAKE (! "* ( BLOOD-VESSELS1 &
T :ILE ! =M] EXI/ =! SAKE (! VESSELS1 !
LATT] _C EXI/ )\T !M4

                  #AD

  ,2L ! MIDRIFF LIES ! /OMA*1 PLAC$ AT !
5D (! OESOPHAGUS :5 "! IS "O1 & 9 IMM
3TIGU;Y )! M\? :5 ! OESOPHAGUS IS WANT+4
,3T9U\S ) ? /OMA* IS :AT IS CALL$ ! GUT4
,^! "PS >E PRES5T 9 ALL ANIMALS1 =
R1SONS T >E SELF-EVID5T4 ,= X IS A MATT]
( NECESS;Y T AN ANIMAL % RCV ! 9COM+
FOOD2 & NEC AL T X % 4*>GE ! SAME :5 XS
GD;S IS EXHAU/$4 ,? RESIDUAL MATT]1 AG1
M/ N O3UPY ! SAME PLACE Z ! YET
UNCONCOCT$ NUTRI;T4 ,= Z ! 9GRESS ( FOOD
&! 4*>GE (! RESIDUE O3UR AT 4T9CT
P]IODS1 S AL M/ !Y NECESS>ILY O3UR 9
4T9CT PLACES4 ,?US "! M/ 2 "O RECEPTACLE
=! 9GO+ FOOD & ANO!R =! USE.S RESIDUE1 &
2T ^!1 "!=E1 A "P 9 : ! *ANGE F "O 3DI;N
6! O!R MAY 2 E6ECT$4 ,^!1 H["E1 >E
MATT]S : W 2 M SUITABLY SET =? :5 WE -E
6D1L ) ,G5],N & ,NUTRI;N4 ,:AT WE H AT
PRES5T 63SID] >E ! V>I,NS PRES5T$ 0!
/OMA* & XS SUBSIDI>Y "PS4 ,= NEI 9 SIZE
NOR 9 %APE >E ^! "PS UNI=MLY ALIKE 9 ALL
ANIMALS4 ,?US ! /OMA* IS S+LE 9 ALL S*
SANGU9E\S & VIVIP>\S ANIMALS Z H TEE? 9
FRONT ( BO? JAWS4 ,X IS S+LE "!=E 9 ALL
! POLYDACTYL\S K9DS1 S* Z MAN1 DOG1
LION1 &! RE/2 9 ALL ! SOLID-HO($ ANIMALS
AL1 S* Z HORSE1 MULE1 ASS2 & 9 ALL ^? :1
L ! PIG1 ?\< _! HO( IS CLOV51 YET H
FRONT TEE? 9 BO? JAWS4 ,:51 H["E1 AN
ANIMAL IS ( L>GE SIZE1 & FE$S ON SUB/.ES
( S ?ORNY & LIGNE\S A "* Z 6BE DI6ICULT
( 3COC;N1 X MAY 9 3SEQU;E H S"EAL
/OMA*S1 Z = 9/.E IS ! CASE )! CAMEL4 ,A
SIMIL> MULTIPLIC;Y ( /OMA*S EXI/S AL 9 !
HORN$ ANIMALS2 ! R1SON 2+ T HORN-BE>+
ANIMALS H NO FRONT TEE? 9 ! UPP] JAW4 ,!
CAMEL AL1 ?\< X HAS NO HORNS1 IS YET )\T
UPP] FRONT TEE?4 ,! EXPLAN,N ( ? IS T X
IS M ESS5TIAL =! CAMEL 6H A MULTIPLE
/OMA* ?AN 6H ^! TEE?4 ,XS /OMA*1 !N1 IS
3/RUCT$ L T ( ANIMALS )\T UPP] FRONT
TEE?1 &1 XS D5TAL >RANGE;TS 2+ S* Z
6MAT* XS /OMA*1 ! TEE? 9 "Q >E WANT+4
,!Y WD 9DE$ 2 ( NO S]VICE4 ,XS FOOD1
MOREOV]1 2+ (A ?ORNY "*1 & XS T;GUE
NECESS>ILY MADE (A FLE%Y SUB/.E1 NATURE
USES ! E>?Y MATT] : IS SAV$ F ! TEE?
6GIVE H>D;S 6! PALATE4 ,! CAMEL RUM9ATES
L ! HORN$ ANIMALS1 2C XS MULTIPLE /OMA*
RESEM#S _!S4 ,= ALL ANIMALS T H HORNS1 !
%EEP = 9/.E1 ! OX1 ! GOAT1 ! DE]1 &! L1
H S"EAL /OMA*S4 ,= S9CE ! M\?1 [+ 6XS
LACK ( TEE?1 ONLY IMP]FECTLY P]=MS XS
(FICE Z REG>DS ! FOOD1 ? MULTIPLIC;Y (
/OMA*S IS 9T5D$ 6MAKE UP = XS %ORTCOM+S2
! S"EAL CAVITIES RCVG ! FOOD "O F ! O!R
9 SU3ES.N2 ! F/ TAK+ ! UNREDUC$ SUB/.ES1
! SECOND ! SAME :5 "S:AT REDUC$1 ! ?IRD
:5 REDUC;N IS -PLETE1 &! F\R? :5 ! :OLE
HAS 2COME A SMOO? PULP4 ,S* IS ! R1SON
:Y "! IS ? MULTIPLIC;Y ( "PS & CAVITIES
9 ANIMALS ) S* D5TI;N4 ,! "NS GIV5 6!
S"EAL CAVITIES >E ! PAUN*1 ! H"OYCOMB
BAG1 ! _MPLIES1 &! RE$4 ,H[ ^! "PS >E
RELAT$ 6EA* O!R1 9 POSI;N & 9 %APE1 M/ 2
LOOK$ = 9 ! TR1TISES ON ,ANATOMY &!
,RESE>*ES 3C]N+ ,ANIMALS4
  ,BIRDS AL PRES5T V>I,NS 9 ! "P : ACTS
Z A RECIPI5T (! FOOD2 &! R1SON = ^!
V>I,NS IS ! SAME Z 9 ! ANIMALS J M5;N$4
,= "H AG X IS 2C ! M\? FAILS 6P]=M XS
(FICE & FAILS EV5 M -PLETELY-= BIRDS H
NO TEE? AT ALL1 NOR ANY 9/RU;T :ATSO"E )
: 6-M9UTE OR GR9D D[N _! FOOD-X IS1 ,I
SAY1 2C ( ?1 T 9 "S ( !M :AT IS CALL$ !
CROP PREC$ES ! /OMA* & DOES ! "W (! M\?2
:ILE 9 O!RS ! OESOPHAGUS IS EI WIDE "?\T
OR A "P ( X BULGES J 2F X 5T]S ! /OMA*1
S Z 6=M A PREP>ATORY /ORE-H\SE =!
UNREDUC$ FOOD2 OR ! /OMA* XF HAS A
PROTUB].E 9 "S "P1 OR IS /R;G & FLE%Y1 S
Z 6BE A# 6/ORE UP ! FOOD =A 3SID]A#
P]IOD & 63COCT X1 9 SPITE ( XS N HAV+
BE5 GR.D 96A PULP4 ,= NATURE RETRIEVES !
9E6ICI5CY (! M\? 09CR1S+ ! E6ICI5CY &
H1T (! /OMA*4 ,O!R BIRDS "! >E1 S*1
"NLY1 Z H L;G LEGS & LIVE 9 M>%ES1 T H
N"O ( ^! PROVI.NS1 B M]ELY AN EL;GAT$
OESOPHAGUS4 ,! EXPLAN,N ( ? IS 6BE F.D 9
! MOI/ "* ( _! FOOD4 ,= ALL ^! BIRDS FE$
ON SUB/.ES EASY ( REDUC;N1 & _! FOOD 2+
MOI/ & N REQUIR+ M* 3COC;N1 _! DIGE/IVE
CAVITIES >E (A CORRESPOND+ "*4
  ,FI%ES >E PROVID$ ) TEE?1 : 9 ALM ALL
( !M >E (! %>P 9T]FITT+ K9D4 ,= "! IS B
"O SMALL SEC;N 9 : X IS O!RWISE4 ,( ^! !
FI% CALL$ ,SC>US 7,P>ROT-FI%7 IS AN
EXAMPLE4 ,& ? IS PROBABLY ! R1SON :Y ?
FI% APP>5TLY RUM9ATES1 ?\< NO O!R FI%ES
D S4 ,= ^? HORN$ ANIMALS T H NO FRONT
TEE? 9 ! UPP] JAW AL RUM9ATE4
  ,9 FI%ES ! TEE? >E ALL %>P2 S T ^!
ANIMALS C DIVIDE _! FOOD1 ?\<
IMP]FECTLY4 ,= X IS IMPOSSI# =A FI% 6L+]
OR SP5D "T 9 ! ACT ( MA/IC,N1 & "!=E !Y
H NO TEE? T >E FLAT OR SUITA# = GR9D+2 =
S* TEE? WD 2 6NO PURPOSE4 ,! OESOPHAGUS
AG 9 "S FI%ES IS 5TIRELY WANT+1 & 9 !
RE/ IS B %ORT4 ,9 ORD]1 H["E1
6FACILITATE ! 3COC;N (! FOOD1 "S ( !M1 Z
! ,CE/REUS 7MULLET71 H A FLE%Y /OMA*
RESEMBL+ T (A BIRD2 :ILE MO/ ( !M H
NUM]\S PROCESSES CLOSE AG/ ! /OMA*1
6S]VE Z A SORT ( ANTE*AMB] 9 : ! FOOD
MAY 2 /OR$ UP & "UGO PUTREFAC;N &
3COC;N4 ,"! IS 3TRA/ 2T FI%ES & BIRDS 9
! POSI;N ( ^! PROCESSES4 ,= 9 FI%ES !Y
>E PLAC$ CLOSE 6! /OMA*2 :ILE 9 BIRDS1
IF PRES5T AT ALL1 !Y >E L[] D[N1 NE> !
5D (! GUT4 ,"S (! ,VIVIP>A AL H
PROCESSES 3NECT$ )! L[] "P (! GUT : S]VE
! SAME PURPOSE Z T /AT$ ABV4
  ,! :OLE TRIBE ( FI%ES IS ( GLUTTON\S
APPETITE1 [+ 6! >RANGE;TS =! REDUC;N (
_! FOOD 2+ V IMP]FECT1 & M* ( X
3SEQU5TLY PASS+ "? !M )\T "UGO+ 3COC;N2
&1 ( ALL1 ^? >E ! MO/ GLUTTON\S T H A
/RAI<T 9TE/9E4 ,= Z ! PASSAGE ( FOOD 9
S* CASES IS RAPID1 &! 5JOY;T DERIV$ F X
9 3SEQU;E B BRIEF1 X FOLL[S ( NECESS;Y T
! RETURN ( APPETITE IS AL SPE$Y4
  ,X HAS ALR BE5 M5;N$ T 9 ANIMALS )
FRONT TEE? 9 BO? JAWS ! /OMA* IS ( SMALL
SIZE4 ,X MAY 2 CLASS$ PRETTY NE>LY ALW
"U "O OR O!R ( TWO H1D+S1 "NLY Z
RESEMBL+ ! /OMA* (! DOG1 OR Z RESEMBL+ !
/OMA* (! PIG4 ,9 ! PIG ! /OMA* IS L>G]
?AN 9 ! DOG1 & PRES5TS C]TA9 FOLDS (
MOD]ATE SIZE1 ! PURPOSE ( : IS 6L5G!N \
! P]IOD ( 3COC;N2 :ILE ! /OMA* (! DOG IS
( SMALL SIZE1 N M* L>G] 9 CALIBRE ?AN !
GUT1 & SMOO? ON ! 9T]NAL SURFACE4
  ,N M* L>G]1 ,I SAY1 ?AN ! GUT2 = 9 ALL
ANIMALS AF ! /OMA* -ES ! GUT4 ,?1 L !
/OMA*1 PRES5TS NUM]\S MODIFIC,NS4 ,= 9
"S ANIMALS X IS UNI=M1 :5 UNCOIL$1 &
ALIKE "?\T1 :ILE 9 O!RS X DI6]S 9 DI6]5T
POR;NS4 ,?US 9 "S CASES X IS WID] 9 !
NEI<B\RHOOD (! /OMA*1 & N>R[] T[>DS !
O!R 5D2 & ? EXPLA9S 0! WAY :Y DOGS H
6/RA9 S M* 9 4*>G+ _! EXCRE;T4 ,B 9 MO/
ANIMALS X IS ! UPP] POR;N T IS ! N>R[] &
! L[] T IS ( GRT] WID?4
  ,( GRT] L5G? ?AN 9 O!R ANIMALS1 & M*
3VOLUT$1 >E ! 9TE/9ES ( ^? T H HORNS4
,^! 9TE/9ES1 MOREOV]1 Z AL ! /OMA*1 >E (
AMPL] VOLUME1 9 A3ORD.E )! L>G] SIZE (!
BODY4 ,= ANIMALS ) HORNS >E1 Z A RULE1
ANIMALS ( NO SMALL BULK1 2C (! ?OR\<
ELABOR,N : _! FOOD "UGOES4 ,! GUT1
EXCEPT 9 ^? ANIMALS ": X IS /RAI<T1
9V>IABLY WID5S \ Z WE GET F>!R F ! /OMA*
& -E 6:AT IS CALL$ ! COLON1 & 6A K9D (
CAECAL DILAT,N4 ,AF ? X AG 2COMES N>R[]
& 3VOLUT$4 ,!N SU3E$S A /RAI<T POR;N :
RUNS "R ON 6! V5T4 ,? V5T IS "KN Z !
ANUS1 & IS 9 "S ANIMALS SURR.D$ 0FAT1 9
O!RS N S4 ,ALL ^! "PS H BE5 S 3TRIV$
0NATURE Z 6H>MONIZE )! V>I\S OP],NS T
RELATE 6! FOOD & XS RESIDUE4 ,=1 Z !
RESIDUAL FOOD GETS F>!R ON & L[] D[N1 !
SPACE 63TA9 X 5L>GES1 ALL[+ X 6REMA9
/,N>Y & "UGO 3V].N4 ,?US IS X 9 ^?
ANIMALS :1 [+ EI 6_! L>GE SIZE1 OR 6!
H1T (! "PS 3C]N$1 REQUIRE M NUTRI;T1 &
3SUME M FO4] ?AN ! RE/4
  ,NEI IS X )\T A PURPOSE1 T1 J Z A
N>R[] GUT SU3E$S 6! UPP] /OMA*1 S AL
DOES ! RESIDUAL FOOD1 :5 XS GD;S IS
?OR\<LY EXHAU/$1 PASS F ! COLON &! AMPLE
SPACE (! L[] /OMA* 96A N>R[] *ANNEL &
96! SPIRAL COIL4 ,= S NATURE C REGULATE
H] EXP5DITURE & PREV5T ! EXCRE;TAL
RESIDUE F 2+ 4*>G$ ALL AT ONCE4
  ,9 ALL S* ANIMALS1 H["E1 Z H 6BE
-P>ATIVELY MOD]ATE 9 _! ALI;T,N1 ! L[]
/OMA* PRES5TS NO WIDE & ROOMY SPACES1
?\< _! GUT IS N /RAI<T1 B HAS A NUMB] (
3VOLU;NS4 ,= AMPLITUDE ( SPACE CAUSES
DESIRE = AMPLE FOOD1 & /RAI<T;S (!
9TE/9E CAUSES QK RETURN ( APPETITE4 ,&
?US X IS T ALL ANIMALS ^: FOOD
RECEPTACLES >E EI SIMPLE OR SPACI\S >E (
GLUTTON\S HABITS1 ! LATT] EAT+ ENORM\SLY
AT A M1L1 ! =M] MAK+ M1LS AT %ORT
9T]VALS4
  ,AG1 S9CE ! FOOD 9 ! UPP] /OMA*1 HAV+
J BE5 SWALL[$1 M/ ( NECESS;Y 2 Q FRE%1
:ILE T : HAS R1*$ ! L[] /OMA* M/ H _H XS
JUICES EXHAU/$ & RESEM# DUNG1 X FOLL[S (
NECESS;Y T "! M/ AL 2 "S 9T]M$IATE "P1 9
: ! *ANGE MAY 2 E6ECT$1 & ": ! FOOD W 2
NEI P]FECTLY FRE% NOR YET DUNG4 ,& ?US X
IS T1 9 ALL S* ANIMALS Z WE >E N[
3SID]+1 "! IS F.D :AT IS CALL$ !
JEJUNUM2 : IS A "P (! SMALL GUT1 (! GUT1
T IS1 : -ES NEXT 6! /OMA*4 ,= ? JEJUNUM
LIES 2T ! UPP] CAV;Y : 3TA9S ! YET
UNCONCOCT$ FOOD &! L[] CAV;Y : HOLDS !
RESIDUAL MATT]1 : 0! "T X HAS GOT "H HAS
2COME WOR?.S4 ,"! IS A JEJUNUM 9 ALL ^!
ANIMALS1 B X IS ONLY PLA9LY 4C]NI# 9 ^?
( L>GE SIZE1 & ? ONLY :5 !Y H AB/A9$ F
FOOD =A C]TA9 "T4 ,= !N AL"O C "O HIT ON
! EXACT P]IOD :5 ! FOOD LIES HALF-WAY 2T
! UPP] & L[] CAVITIES2 A P]IOD : IS V
%ORT1 =! "T O3UPI$ 9 ! TRANSI;N ( FOOD
IS B BRIEF4 ,9 FEMALES ? JEJUNUM MAY
O3UPY ANY "P :ATSO"E (! UPP] 9TE/9E1 B 9
MALES X -ES J 2F ! CAECUM &! L[] /OMA*4

                  #AE

  ,:AT IS "KN Z R5NET IS F.D 9 ALL
ANIMALS T H A MULTIPLE /OMA*1 & 9 ! H>E
AM;G ANIMALS ^: /OMA* IS S+LE4 ,9 ! =M]
! R5NET NEI O3UPIES ! L>GE PAUN*1 NOR !
H"OYCOMB BAG1 NOR ! T]M9AL RE$1 B IS F.D
9 ! CAV;Y : SEP>ATES ? T]M9AL "O F ! TWO
F/1 "NLY 9 ! S-CALL$ _MPLIES4 ,X IS !
?ICK "* ( _! MILK : CAUSES ALL ^!
ANIMALS 6H R5NET2 ":AS 9 ANIMALS )A S+LE
/OMA* ! MILK IS ?91 & 3SEQU5TLY NO R5NET
IS =M$4 ,X IS ? DI6];E 9 ?ICK;S : MAKES
! MILK ( HORN$ ANIMALS COAGULATE1 :ILE T
( ANIMALS )\T HORNS DOES N4 ,R5NET =MS 9
! H>E 2C X FE$S ON H]BAGE T HAS JUICE L
T (! FIG2 = JUICE ( ? K9D COAGULATES !
MILK 9 ! /OMA* (! SUCKL+S4 ,:Y X IS 9 !
_MPLIES T R5NET IS =M$ 9 ANIMALS )
MULTIPLE /OMA*S HAS BE5 /AT$ 9 !
,PRO#MS4


