               ,BOOK ,,VI
                   #A
  ,! 4CUS.N ( ,DEF9I;NS FALLS 96FIVE
"PS4 ,= Y H 6%[ EI 7#A7 T X IS N TRUE AT
ALL 6APPLY ! EXPRES.N Z WELL 6T 6: ! T]M
IS APPLI$ 7=! DEF9I;N ( ,MAN "\ 6BE TRUE
( E MAN72 OR 7#B7 T ?\< ! OBJECT HAS A
G5US1 HE HAS FAIL$ 6PUT ! OBJECT DEF9$
96! G5US1 OR 6PUT X 96! APPROPRIATE G5US
7=! FRAM] (A DEF9I;N %D F/ PLACE !
OBJECT 9 XS G5US1 & !N APP5D XS DI6];ES3
=( ALL ! ELE;TS (! DEF9I;N ! G5US IS
USU,Y SUPPOS$ 6BE ! PR9CIPAL M>K (!
ESS;E ( :AT IS DEF9$73 OR 7#C7 T !
EXPRES.N IS N PECULI> 6! OBJECT 7=1 Z WE
SD ABV Z WELL1 A DEF9I;N "\ 6BE
PECULI>73 OR ELSE 7#D7 SEE IF1 ?\< HE
HAS OBS]V$ ALL ! A=ESD CAU;NS1 HE HAS
YET FAIL$ 6DEF9E ! OBJECT1 T IS1
6EXPRESS XS ESS;E4 7#E7 ,X REMA9S1 A"P F
! =EGO+1 6SEE IF HE HAS DEF9$ X1 B DEF9$
X 9CORRECTLY4
  ,:E!R1 !N1 ! EXPRES.N 2 N AL TRUE ( T
( : ! T]M IS TRUE Y %D PROCE$ 6EXAM9E AC
6! -MONPLACE RULES T RELATE 6,A3ID5T4 ,=
"! TOO ! "Q IS ALW ,8,IS S & S TRUE OR
UNTRUE80'3 = :5"E WE >GUE T AN A3ID5T
2L;GS1 WE DCL X 6BE TRUE1 :ILE :5"E WE
>GUE T X DOES N 2L;G1 WE DCL X 6BE
UNTRUE4 ,IF1 AG1 HE HAS FAIL$ 6PLACE !
OBJECT 9 ! APPROPRIATE G5US1 OR IF !
EXPRES.N 2 N PECULI> 6! OBJECT1 WE M/ G
ON 6EXAM9E ! CASE AC 6! -MONPLACE RULES
T RELATE 6G5US & PROP]TY4
  ,X REMA9S1 !N1 6PRESCRIBE H[
69VE/IGATE :E!R ! OBJECT HAS BE5 EI N
DEF9$ AT ALL1 OR ELSE DEF9$ 9CORRECTLY4
,F/1 !N1 WE M/ PROCE$ 6EXAM9E IF X HAS
BE5 DEF9$ 9CORRECTLY3 =) ANY?+ X IS
EASI] 6D X ?AN 6D X CORRECTLY4 ,CLE>LY1
!N1 M MISTAKES >E MADE 9 ! LATT] TASK ON
A3.T ( XS GRT] DI6ICULTY4 ,ACLY ! ATTACK
2COMES EASI] 9 ! LATT] CASE ?AN 9 ! =M]4
,9CORRECT;S FALLS 96TWO BRAN*ES3 7#A7
  F/1 ! USE ( OBSCURE LANGUAGE 7=!
  LANGUAGE (A DEF9I;N "\ 6BE ! V CLE>E/
  POSSI#1 SEE+ T ! :OLE PURPOSE ( R5D]+
  X IS 6MAKE "S?+ "KN72
7SECONDLY1 IF ! EXPRES.N US$ 2 L;G] ?AN
  IS NEC3 = ALL A4I;NAL MATT] 9 A
  DEF9I;N IS SUP]FLU\S4 ,AG1 EA* (!
  A=ESD BRAN*ES IS DIVID$ 96A NUMB] (
  O!RS4
                   #B
  ,"O -MONPLACE RULE1 !N1 9 REG>D
6OBSCUR;Y IS1 ,SEE IF ! M1N+ 9T5D$ 0!
DEF9I;N 9VOLVES AN AMBIGU;Y ) ANY O!R1
E4G4 ,8,2COM+ IS A PASSAGE 962+0'1 OR
,8,H1L? IS ! BAL.E ( HOT & COLD
ELE;TS0'4 ,"H ,8PASSAGE0' & ,8BAL.E0' >E
AMBIGU\S T]MS3 X IS ACLY N CLE> : (!
S"EAL POSSI# S5SES (! T]M HE 9T5DS
63VEY4 ,LIKEWISE AL1 IF ! T]M DEF9$ 2
US$ 9 DI6]5T S5SES & HE HAS SPOK5 )\T
4T+UI%+ 2T !M3 = !N X IS N CLE> 6: ( !M
! DEF9I;N R5D]$ APPLIES1 & "O C !N BR+ A
CAPTI\S OBJEC;N ON ! GR.D T ! DEF9I;N
DOES N APPLY 6ALL ! ?+S ^: DEF9I;N HE
HAS R5D]$3 & ? K9D ( ?+ IS "PICUL>LY
EASY 9 ! CASE ": ! DEF9] DOES N SEE !
AMBIGU;Y ( 8 T]MS4 ,OR1 AG1 ! "Q] MAY
HMF 4T+UI% ! V>I\S S5SES (! T]M R5D]$ 9
! DEF9I;N1 & !N 9/ITUTE 8 >GU;T AG/ EA*3
= IF ! EXPRES.N US$ 2 N ADEQUATE 6!
SUBJECT 9 ANY ( XS S5SES1 X IS CLE> T HE
_C H DEF9$ X 9 ANY S5SE A"R4
  ,ANO!R RULE IS1 ,SEE IF HE HAS US$ A
METAPHORICAL EXPRES.N1 Z1 = 9/.E1 IF HE
HAS DEF9$ K Z ,8UNSUPPLANTA#0'1 OR ! E>?
Z A ,8NURSE0'1 OR TEMP].E Z A
,8H>MONY0'4 ,=A METAPHORICAL EXPRES.N IS
ALW OBSCURE4 ,X IS POSSI#1 AL1 6>GUE
SOPHI/IC,Y AG/ ! US] (A METAPHORICAL
EXPRES.N Z ?\< HE _H US$ X 9 XS LIT]AL
S5SE3 =! DEF9I;N /AT$ W N APPLY 6! T]M
DEF9$1 E4G4 9 ! CASE ( TEMP].E3 = H>MONY
IS ALW F.D 2T NOTES4 ,MOREOV]1 IF H>MONY
2 ! G5US ( TEMP].E1 !N ! SAME OBJECT W
O3UR 9 TWO G5]A ( : NEI 3TA9S ! O!R3 =
H>MONY DOES N 3TA9 VIRTUE1 NOR VIRTUE
H>MONY4 ,AG1 SEE IF HE USES T]MS T >E
UNFAMILI>1 Z :5 ,PLATO DESCRIBES ! EYE Z
,8BR[-%AD$0'1 OR A C]TA9 SPID] Z POISON-
FANG$0'1 OR ! M>R[ Z ,8B"O=M$0'4 ,= AN
UNUSUAL PHRASE IS ALW OBSCURE4
  ,"S"TS A PHRASE IS US$ NEI AMBIGU\SLY1
NOR YET METAPHORIC,Y1 NOR YET LIT],Y1 Z
:5 ! LAW IS SD 6BE ! ,8M1SURE0' OR
,8IMAGE0' (! ?+S T >E 0NATURE J4 ,S*
PHRASES >E WORSE ?AN METAPHOR2 =! LATT]
DOES MAKE XS M1N+ 6"S EXT5T CLE> 2C (!
LIKE;S 9VOLV$2 = ^? :O USE METAPHORS D S
ALW 9 VIEW ( "S LIKE;S3 ":AS ? K9D (
PHRASE MAKES NO?+ CLE>2 = "! IS NO
LIKE;S 6JU/IFY ! DESCRIP;N ,8M1SURE0' OR
,8IMAGE0'1 Z APPLI$ 6! LAW1 NOR IS ! LAW
ORD9>ILY S CALL$ 9 A LIT]AL S5SE4 ,S !N1
IF A MAN SAYS T ! LAW IS LIT],Y A
,8M1SURE0' OR AN ,8IMAGE0'1 HE SP1KS
FALSELY3 = AN IMAGE IS "S?+ PRODUC$
0IMIT,N1 & ? IS N F.D 9 ! CASE (! LAW4
,IF1 ON ! O!R H&1 HE DOES N M1N ! T]M
LIT],Y1 X IS CLE> T HE HAS US$ AN UNCLE>
EXPRES.N1 & "O T IS WORSE ?AN ANY SORT (
METAPHORICAL EXPRES.N4
  ,MOREOV]1 SEE IF F ! EXPRES.N US$ !
DEF9I;N (! 3TR>Y 2 N CLE>2 = DEF9I;NS T
H BE5 CORRECTLY R5D]$ AL 9DICATE _!
3TR>IES Z WELL4 ,OR1 AG1 SEE IF1 :5 X IS
M]ELY /AT$ 0XF1 X IS N EVID5T :AT X
DEF9ES3 J Z 9 ! "WS (! OLD PA9T]S1 UN.S
"! 7 AN 9SCRIP;N1 ! FIGURES US$ 6BE
UNRECOGNIZA#4
                   #C
  ,IF1 !N1 ! DEF9I;N 2 N CLE>1 Y %D
PROCE$ 6EXAM9E ON L9ES S* Z ^!4 ,IF1 ON
! O!R H&1 HE HAS PHRAS$ ! DEF9I;N
REDUNDANTLY1 F/ ( ALL LOOK & SEE :E!R HE
HAS US$ ANY ATTRIBUTE T 2L;GS UNIV]S,Y1
EI 6R1L OBJECTS 9 G5]AL1 OR 6ALL T FALL
"U ! SAME G5US Z ! OBJECT DEF9$3 =! M5;N
( ? IS SURE 6BE REDUNDANT4 ,=! G5US "\
6DIVIDE ! OBJECT F ?+S 9 G5]AL1 &!
DI6]5TIA F ANY (! ?+S 3TA9$ 9 ! SAME
G5US4 ,N[ ANY T]M T 2L;GS 6"EY?+
SEP>ATES (F ! GIV5 OBJECT F ABSOLUTELY
NO?+1 :ILE ANY T 2L;GS 6ALL ! ?+S T FALL
"U ! SAME G5US DOES N SEP>ATE X (F F !
?+S 3TA9$ 9 ! SAME G5US4 ,ANY A4I;N1 !N1
( T K9D W 2 PO9T.S4
  ,OR SEE IF1 ?\< ! A4I;NAL MATT] MAY 2
PECULI> 6! GIV5 T]M1 YET EV5 :5 X IS
/RUCK \ ! RE/ (! EXPRES.N TOO IS PECULI>
& MAKES CLE> ! ESS;E (! T]M4 ,?US1 9 !
DEF9I;N ( MAN1 ! A4I;N ,8CAPA# ( RCVG
K0' IS SUP]FLU\S2 = /RIKE X \1 & / !
EXPRES.N IS PECULI> & MAKES CLE> 8
ESS;E4 ,SP1K+ G5],Y1 "EY?+ IS SUP]FLU\S
^U ^: REMOVAL ! REMA9D] / MAKES ! T]M T
IS 2+ DEF9$ CLE>4 ,S*1 = 9/.E1 WD AL 2 !
DEF9I;N (! S\L1 ASSUM+ X 6BE /AT$ Z A
,8SELF-MOV+ NUMB]0'2 =! S\L IS J ,8!
SELF-MOV+0'1 Z ,PLATO DEF9$ X4 ,OR P]H !
EXPRES.N US$1 ?\< APPROPRIATE1 YET DOES
N DCL ! ESS;E1 IF ! ^W ,8NUMB]0' 2
ELIM9AT$4 ,: (! TWO IS ! R1L /ATE (!
CASE X IS DI6ICULT 6DET]M9E CLE>LY3 ! "R
WAY 6TR1T ! MATT] 9 ALL CASES IS 6BE
GUID$ 03V5I;E4 ,?US 7E4G47 X IS SD T !
DEF9I;N ( PHLEGM IS ! ,8UNDIGE/$ MOI/URE
T -ES F/ (F FOOD0'4 ,"H ! A4I;N (! ^W
,8UNDIGE/$0' IS SUP]FLU\S1 SEE+ T ,8!
F/0' IS "O & N _M1 S T EV5 :5 UNDIGE/$0'
IS LEFT \ ! DEF9I;N W / 2 PECULI> 6!
SUBJECT3 = X IS IMPOSSI# T BO? PHLEGM &
AL "S?+ ELSE %D BO? 2 ! F/ 6>ISE F !
FOOD4 ,OR P]H ! PHLEGM IS N ABSOLUTELY !
F/ ?+ 6-E (F ! FOOD1 B ONLY ! F/ (!
UNDIGE/$ MATT]S1 S T ! A4I;N
,8UNDIGE/$0' IS REQUIR$2 = /AT$ ! O!R
WAY ! DEF9I;N WD N 2 TRUE UN.S ! PHLEGM
-ES F/ ( ALL4
  ,MOREOV]1 SEE IF ANY?+ 3TA9$ 9 !
DEF9I;N FAILS 6APPLY 6"EY?+ T FALLS "U !
SAME SPECIES3 = ? SORT ( DEF9I;N IS
WORSE ?AN ^? : 9CLUDE AN ATTRIBUTE 2L;G+
6ALL ?+S UNIV]S,Y4 ,= 9 T CASE1 IF !
REMA9D] (! EXPRES.N 2 PECULI>1 ! :OLE
TOO W 2 PECULI>3 = ABSOLUTELY ALW1 IF
6"S?+ PECULI> ANY?+ :AT"E T IS TRUE 2
A4$1 ! :OLE TOO 2COMES PECULI>4 ,":AS IF
ANY "P (! EXPRES.N D N APPLY 6"EY?+ T
FALLS "U ! SAME SPECIES1 X IS IMPOSSI# T
! EXPRES.N Z A :OLE %D 2 PECULI>3 = X W
N 2 PR$ICAT$ 3V]TIBLY )! OBJECT2 E4G4 'A
WALK+ BIP$ ANIMAL SIX FEET HI<0'3 = AN
EXPRES.N ( T K9D IS N PR$ICAT$ 3V]TIBLY
)! T]M1 2C ! ATTRIBUTE ,8SIX FEET HI<0'
DOES N 2L;G 6"EY?+ T FALLS "U ! SAME
SPECIES4
  ,AG1 SEE IF HE HAS SD ! SAME ?+ M ?AN
ONCE1 SAY+ 7E4G47 ,8DESIRE0' IS A
,8CON,N =! PL1SANT0'4 ,= ,8DESIRE0' IS
ALW ,8=! PL1SANT0'1 S T :AT IS ! SAME Z
DESIRE W AL 2 ,8=! PL1SANT0'4 ,ACLY \R
DEF9I;N ( DESIRE 2COMES ,8CON,N-=-!-
PL1SANT0'3 =! ^W ,8DESIRE0' IS ! EXACT
EQUIVAL5T (! ^WS ,8CON,N =-!-PL1SANT0'1
S T BO? ALIKE W 2 ,8=! PL1SANT0'4 ,OR
P]H "! IS NO ABSURD;Y 9 ?2 = 3SID] ?
9/.E3-,MAN IS A BIP$0'3 "!=E1 :AT IS !
SAME Z MAN IS A BIP$3 B 'A WALK+ BIP$
ANIMAL0' IS ! SAME Z MAN1 & "!=E WALK+
BIP$ ANIMAL IS A BIP$0'4 ,B ? 9VOLVES NO
R1L ABSURD;Y4 ,= ,8BIP$0' IS N A
PR$ICATE ( ,8WALK+ ANIMAL0'3 IF X W]E1
!N WE %D C]TA9LY H ,8BIP$0' PR$ICAT$
TWICE (! SAME ?+2 B Z A MATT] ( FACT !
SUBJECT SD 6BE A BIP$ IS'A WALK+ BIP$
ANIMAL0'1 S T ! ^W ,8BIP$0' IS ONLY US$
Z A PR$ICATE ONCE4 ,LIKEWISE AL 9 ! CASE
( ,8DESIRE0' Z WELL3 = X IS N ,8CON,N0'
T IS SD 6BE ,8=! PL1SANT0'1 B R ! :OLE
IDEA1 S T "! TOO ! PR$IC,N IS ONLY MADE
ONCE4 ,ABSURD;Y RESULTS1 N :5 ! SAME ^W
IS UTT]$ TWICE1 B :5 ! SAME ?+ IS M ?AN
ONCE PR$ICAT$ (A SUBJECT2 E4G4 IF HE
SAYS1 L ,X5OCRATES1 T WISDOM DEF9ES &
3TEMPLATES R1L;Y30' = DEF9I;N IS A C]TA9
TYPE ( 3TEMPL,N1 S T 0A4+ ! ^WS ,8&
3TEMPLATES0' OV] AG HE SAYS ! SAME ?+
TWICE OV]4 ,LIKEWISE1 TOO1 ^? FAIL :O
SAY T ,8COOL+0' IS ,8! PRIV,N ( NATURAL
H1T0'4 ,= ALL PRIV,N IS A PRIV,N ( "S
NATURAL ATTRIBUTE1 S T ! A4I;N (! ^W
,8NATURAL0' IS SUP]FLU\S3 X WD H BE5 5
6SAY ,8PRIV,N ( H1T0'1 =! ^W ,8PRIV,N0'
%[S ( XF T ! H1T M1NT IS NATURAL H1T4
  ,AG1 SEE IF A UNIV]SAL H BE5 M5;N$ &
!N A "PICUL> CASE ( X 2 A4$ Z WELL1 E4G4
,8,EQU;Y IS A REMIS.N ( :AT IS EXP$I5T &
J0'2 = :AT IS J IS A BRAN* ( :AT IS
EXP$I5T & IS "!=E 9CLUD$ 9 ! LATT] T]M3
XS M5;N IS "!=E REDUNDANT1 AN A4I;N (!
"PICUL> AF ! UNIV]SAL HAS BE5 ALR /AT$4
,S AL1 IF HE DEF9ES ,8M$IC9E0' Z ,8K (
:AT MAKES = H1L? 9 ANIMALS & M50'1 OR
,8! LAW0' Z ,8! IMAGE ( :AT IS 0NATURE
NO# & J0'2 = :AT IS J IS A BRAN* ( :AT
IS NO#1 S T HE SAYS ! SAME ?+ M ?AN
ONCE4
                   #D
  ,:E!R1 !N1 A MAN DEF9ES A ?+ CORRECTLY
OR 9CORRECTLY Y %D PROCE$ 6EXAM9E ON ^!
& SIMIL> L9ES4 ,B :E!R HE HAS M5;N$ &
DEF9$ XS ESS;E OR NO1 %D 2 EXAM9$ Z
FOLL[S3 ,F/ ( ALL1 SEE IF HE HAS FAIL$
6MAKE ! DEF9I;N "? T]MS T >E PRIOR & M
9TELLIGI#4 ,=! R1SON :Y ! DEF9I;N IS
R5D]$ IS 6MAKE "KN ! T]M /AT$1 & WE MAKE
?+S "KN 0TAK+ N ANY R&OM T]MS1 B S* Z >E
PRIOR & M 9TELLIGI#1 Z IS D"O 9
DEMON/R,NS 7= S X IS ) ALL T1*+ &
LE>N+72 ACLY1 X IS CLE> T A MAN :O DOES
N DEF9E "? T]MS ( ? K9D HAS N DEF9$ AT
ALL4 ,O!RWISE1 "! W 2 M ?AN "O DEF9I;N (
! SAME ?+3 = CLE>LY HE :O DEF9ES "? T]MS
T >E PRIOR & M 9TELLIGI# HAS AL FRAM$ A
DEF9I;N1 &A BETT] "O1 S T BO? WD !N 2
DEF9I;NS (! SAME OBJECT4 ,? SORT ( VIEW1
H["E1 DOES N G5],Y F9D A3EPT.E3 =( EA*
R1L OBJECT ! ESS;E IS S+LE3 IF1 !N1 "!
>E 6BE A NUMB] ( DEF9I;NS (! SAME ?+1 !
ESS;E (! OBJECT W 2 ! SAME Z X IS
REPRES5T$ 6BE 9 EA* (! DEF9I;NS1 & ^!
REPRES5T,NS >E N ! SAME1 9ASM* Z !
DEF9I;NS >E DI6]5T4 ,CLE>LY1 !N1 ANY "O
:O HAS N DEF9$ A ?+ "? T]MS T >E PRIOR &
M 9TELLIGI# HAS N DEF9$ X AT ALL4
  ,! /ATE;T T A DEF9I;N HAS N BE5 MADE
"? M 9TELLIGI# T]MS MAY 2 "U/OOD 9 TWO
S5SES1 EI SUPPOS+ T XS T]MS >E
ABSOLUTELY LESS 9TELLIGI#1 OR SUPPOS+ T
!Y >E LESS 9TELLIGI# 6U3 = EI S5SE IS
POSSI#4 ,?US ABSOLUTELY ! PRIOR IS M
9TELLIGI# ?AN ! PO/]IOR1 A PO9T1 = 9/.E1
?AN A L9E1 A L9E ?AN A PLANE1 &A PLANE
?AN A SOLID2 J Z AL A UNIT IS M
9TELLIGI# ?AN A NUMB]2 = X IS ! PRIUS &
/>T+-PO9T ( ALL NUMB]4 ,LIKEWISE1 AL1 A
LR IS M 9TELLIGI# ?AN A SYLLA#4 ,":AS 6U
X "S"TS HAPP5S T ! 3V]SE IS ! CASE3 =!
SOLID FALLS "U P]CEP;N MO/ ( ALL-M ?AN A
PLANE-&A PLANE M ?AN A L9E1 &A L9E M ?AN
A PO9T2 = MO/ P LE>N ?+S L ! =M] E>LI]
?AN ! LATT]2 = ANY ORD9>Y 9TELLIG;E C
GRASP !M1 ":AS ! O!RS REQUIRE AN EXACT &
EXCEP;NAL "U/&+4
  ,ABSOLUTELY1 !N1 X IS BETT] 6TRY 6MAKE
:AT IS PO/]IOR "KN "? :AT IS PRIOR1
9ASM* Z S* A WAY ( PROC$URE IS M
SCI5TIFIC4 ,( C\RSE1 9 D1L+ ) P]SONS :O
_C RECOGNIZE ?+S "? T]MS ( T K9D1 X MAY
P]H 2 NEC 6FRAME ! EXPRES.N "? T]MS T >E
9TELLIGI# 6!M4 ,AM;G DEF9I;NS ( ? K9D >E
^? (A PO9T1 A L9E1 &A PLANE1 ALL ( :
EXPLA9 ! PRIOR 0! PO/]IOR2 = !Y SAY T A
PO9T IS ! LIMIT (A L9E1 A L9E (A PLANE1
A PLANE (A SOLID4 ,"O M/1 H["E1 N FAIL
6OBS]VE T ^? :O DEF9E 9 ? WAY _C %[ !
ESS5TIAL NATURE (! T]M !Y DEF9E1 UN.S X
S HAPP5S T ! SAME ?+ IS M 9TELLIGI# BO?
6U & AL ABSOLUTELY1 S9CE A CORRECT
DEF9I;N M/ DEF9E A ?+ "? XS G5US & XS
DI6]5TIAE1 & ^! 2L;G 6! ORD] ( ?+S : >E
ABSOLUTELY M 9TELLIGI# ?AN1 & PRIOR TO1
! SPECIES4 ,= ANNUL ! G5US & DI6]5TIA1 &
! SPECIES TOO IS ANNULL$1 S T ^! >E
PRIOR 6! SPECIES4 ,!Y >E AL M 9TELLIGI#2
= IF ! SPECIES 2 "KN1 ! G5US & DI6]5TIA
M/ ( NECESS;Y 2 "KN Z WELL 7= ANY "O :O
"KS :AT A MAN IS "KS AL :AT ,8ANIMAL0' &
,8WALK+0' >E71 ":AS IF ! G5US OR !
DI6]5TIA 2 "KN X DOES N FOLL[ ( NECESS;Y
T ! SPECIES IS "KN Z WELL3 ?US ! SPECIES
IS LESS 9TELLIGI#4 ,MOREOV]1 ^? :O SAY T
S* DEF9I;NS1 VIZ4 ^? : PROCE$ F :AT IS
9TELLIGI# 6?1 T1 OR ! O!R MAN1 >E RE,Y &
TRULY DEF9I;NS1 W H 6SAY T "! >E S"EAL
DEF9I;NS ( "O &! SAME ?+4 ,=1 Z X
HAPP5S1 DI6]5T ?+S >E M 9TELLIGI#
6DI6]5T P1 N ! SAME ?+S 6ALL2 & S A
DI6]5T DEF9I;N WD H 6BE R5D]$ 6EA* S"EAL
P]SON1 IF ! DEF9I;N IS 6BE 3/RUCT$ F :AT
IS M 9TELLIGI# 6"PICUL> 9DIVIDUALS4
,MOREOV]1 6! SAME P DI6]5T ?+S >E M
9TELLIGI# AT DI6]5T "TS2 F/ ( ALL !
OBJECTS ( S5SE2 !N1 Z !Y 2COME M
%>PWITT$1 ! 3V]SE2 S T ^? :O HOLD T A
DEF9I;N "\ 6BE R5D]$ "? :AT IS M
9TELLIGI# 6"PICUL> 9DIVIDUALS WD N H
6R5D] ! SAME DEF9I;N AT ALL "TS EV5 6!
SAME P]SON4 ,X IS CLE>1 !N1 T ! "R WAY
6DEF9E IS N "? T]MS ( T K9D1 B "? :AT IS
ABSOLUTELY M 9TELLIGI#3 = ONLY 9 ? WAY
CD ! DEF9I;N -E ALW 6BE "O &! SAME4
,P]H1 AL1 :AT IS ABSOLUTELY 9TELLIGI# IS
:AT IS 9TELLIGI#1 N 6ALL1 B 6^? :O >E 9
A S.D /ATE ( "U/&+1 J Z :AT IS
ABSOLUTELY H1L?Y IS :AT IS H1L?Y 6^? 9 A
S.D /ATE ( BODY4 ,ALL S* PO9TS Z ? "\
6BE MADE V PRECISE1 & MADE USE ( 9 !
C\RSE ( 4CUS.N Z O3A.N REQUIRES4 ,!
DEMOLI;N (A DEF9I;N W MO/ SURELY W9 A
G5]AL APPROVAL IF ! DEF9] HAPP5S 6H
FRAM$ 8 EXPRES.N NEI F :AT IS ABSOLUTELY
M 9TELLIGI# NOR YET F :AT IS S 6U4
  ,"O =M1 !N1 (! FAILURE 6"W "? M
9TELLIGI# T]MS IS ! EXHIBI;N (! PRIOR "?
! PO/]IOR1 Z WE REM>K$ 2F40' ,ANO!R =M
O3URS IF WE F9D T ! DEF9I;N HAS BE5
R5D]$ ( :AT IS AT RE/ & DEF9ITE "? :AT
IS 9DEF9ITE & 9 MO;N3 = :AT IS / &
DEF9ITE IS PRIOR 6:AT IS 9DEF9ITE & 9
MO;N4
  ,(! FAILURE 6USE T]MS T >E PRIOR "! >E
?REE =MS3
7#A7 ,! F/ IS :5 AN OPPOSITE HAS BE5
  DEF9$ "? XS OPPOSITE1 E4G4I4 GD "?
  EVIL3 = OPPOSITES >E ALW SIMULTANE\S
  0NATURE4 ,"S P ?9K1 AL1 T BO? >E
  OBJECTS (! SAME SCI;E1 S T ! "O IS N
  EV5 M 9TELLIGI# ?AN ! O!R4 ,"O M/1
  H["E1 OBS]VE T X IS P]H N POSSI#
  6DEF9E "S ?+S 9 ANY O!R WAY1 E4G4 !
  D\# )\T ! HALF1 & ALL ! T]MS T >E
  ESS5TI,Y RELATIVE3 = 9 ALL S* CASES !
  ESS5TIAL 2+ IS ! SAME Z A C]TA9 REL,N
  6"S?+1 S T X IS IMPOSSI# 6"U/& ! "O
  T]M )\T ! O!R1 & ACLY 9 ! DEF9I;N (!
  "O ! O!R TOO M/ 2 EMBRAC$4 ,"O "\
  6LE>N UP ALL S* PO9TS Z ^!1 & USE !M Z
  O3A.N MAY SEEM 6REQUIRE4
7#B7 ,ANO!R IS-IF HE HAS US$ ! T]M DEF9$
  XF4 ,? PASSES UNOBS]V$ :5 ! ACTUAL "N
  (! OBJECT IS N US$1 E4G4 SUPPOS+ ANY
  "O _H DEF9$ ! SUN Z A /> T APPE>S
  0"D0'4 ,= 9 BR++ 9 ,8"D0' HE BR+S 9 !
  SUN4 ,6DETECT ]RORS ( ? SORT1 EX*ANGE
  ! ^W = XS DEF9I;N1 E4G4 ! DEF9I;N (
  ,8"D0' Z ! ,8PASSAGE (! SUN OV] !
  E>?0'4 ,CLE>LY1 :O"E HAS SD ,8!
  PASSAGE (! SUN OV] ! E>?0' HAS SD ,8!
  SUN0'1 S T 9 BR++ 9 ! ,8"D0' HE HAS
  BR"\ 9 ! SUN4
7#C7 ,AG1 SEE IF HE HAS DEF9$ "O
  COORD9ATE MEMB] (A DIVI.N 0ANO!R1 E4G4
  ,8AN ODD NUMB]0' Z ,8T : IS GRT] 0"O
  ?AN AN EV5 NUMB]0'4 ,=! CO-ORD9ATE
  MEMB]S (A DIVI.N T >E DERIV$ F ! SAME
  G5US >E SIMULTANE\S 0NATURE & ,8ODD0'
  & ,8EV50' >E S* T]MS3 = BO? >E
  DI6]5TIAE ( NUMB]4
  ,LIKEWISE AL1 SEE IF HE HAS DEF9$ A
SUP]IOR "? A SUBORD9ATE T]M1 E4G4 ,8,AN
8EV5 NUMB]0 IS 8A NUMB] DIVISI#
96HALVES00'1 OR ,88! GD0 IS A 8/ATE (
VIRTUE0 ,84 ,= ,8HALF0' IS DERIV$ F
,8TWO0'1 & ,8TWO0' IS AN EV5 NUMB]3
VIRTUE AL IS A K9D ( GD1 S T ! LATT]
T]MS >E SUBORD9ATE 6! =M]4 ,MOREOV]1 9
US+ ! SUBORD9ATE T]M "O IS B.D 6USE !
O!R Z WELL3 = :O"E EMPLOYS ! T]M
,8VIRTUE0' EMPLOYS ! T]M ,8GD0'1 SEE+ T
VIRTUE IS A C]TA9 K9D ( GD3 LIKEWISE1
AL1 :O"E EMPLOYS ! T]M ,8HALF0' EMPLOYS
! T]M ,8EV50'1 = 6BE ,8DIVID$ 9 HALF0'
M1NS 6BE DIVID$ 96TWO1 & TWO IS EV54
                   #E
  ,G5],Y SP1K+1 !N1 "O -MONPLACE RULE
RELATES 6! FAILURE 6FRAME ! EXPRES.N
0M1NS ( T]MS T >E PRIOR & M 9TELLIGI#3 &
( ? ! SUBDIVI.NS >E ^? SPECIFI$ ABV4 ,A
SECOND IS1 SEE :E!R1 ?\< ! OBJECT IS 9 A
G5US1 X HAS N BE5 PLAC$ 9 A G5US4 ,?
SORT ( ]ROR IS ALW F.D ": ! ESS;E (!
OBJECT DOES N /& F/ 9 ! EXPRES.N1 E4G4 !
DEF9I;N ( ,8BODY0' Z ,8T : HAS ?REE
DIM5.NS0'1 OR ! DEF9I;N ( ,8MAN0'1
SUPPOS+ ANY "O 6GIVE X1 Z ,8T : "KS H[
6C.T0'3 = X IS N /AT$ :AT X IS T HAS
?REE DIM5.NS1 OR :AT X IS T "KS H[ 6C.T3
":AS ! G5US IS M1NT 69DICATE J ?1 & IS
SUBMITT$ F/ (! T]MS 9 ! DEF9I;N4
  ,MOREOV]1 SEE IF1 :ILE ! T]M 6BE DEF9$
IS US$ 9 REL,N 6_M ?+S1 HE HAS FAIL$
6R5D] X 9 REL,N 6ALL ( !M2 Z 7E4G47 IF
HE DEF9E ,8GRAMM>0' Z ! ,8K H[ 6WRITE F
DICT,N0'3 = HE "\ AL 6SAY T X IS A K H[
6R1D Z WELL4 ,= 9 R5D]+ X Z ,8K (
WRIT+0' HAS NO M DEF9$ X ?AN 0R5D]+ X Z
,8K ( R1D+0'3 NEI 9 FACT HAS SU3E$$1 B
ONLY HE :O M5;NS BO? ^! ?+S1 S9CE X IS
IMPOSSI# T "! %D 2 M ?AN "O DEF9I;N (!
SAME ?+4 ,X IS ONLY1 H["E1 9 "S CASES T
:AT HAS BE5 SD CORRESPONDS 6! ACTUAL
/ATE ( ?+S3 9 "S X DOES N1 E4G4 ALL ^?
T]MS : >E N US$ ESS5TI,Y 9 REL,N 6BO?
?+S3 Z M$IC9E IS SD 6D1L )! PRODUC;N (
41SE & H1L?2 = X IS SD ESS5TI,Y 6D !
LATT]1 B ! =M] ONLY 0A3ID5T3 = X IS
ABSOLUTELY ALI5 6M$IC9E 6PRODUCE 41SE4
,"H1 !N1 ! MAN :O R5D]S M$IC9E Z
RELATIVE 6BO? ( ^! ?+S HAS N DEF9$ X ANY
BETT] ?AN HE :O M5;NS ! "O ONLY4 ,9 FACT
HE HAS D"O X P]H WORSE1 = ANY "O ELSE
2SS ! DOCTOR IS CAPA# ( PRODUC+ 41SE4
  ,MOREOV]1 9 A CASE ": ! T]M 6BE DEF9$
IS US$ 9 REL,N 6S"EAL ?+S1 SEE IF HE HAS
R5D]$ X Z RELATIVE 6! WORSE R ?AN 6!
BETT]2 = E =M ( K & POT5TIAL;Y IS G5],Y
?"\ 6BE RELATIVE 6! BE/4
  ,AG1 IF ! ?+ 9 "Q 2 N PLAC$ 9 XS [N
PROP] G5US1 "O M/ EXAM9E X AC 6! ELE;T>Y
RULES 9 REG>D 6G5]A1 Z HAS BE5 SD 2F40'
  ,MOREOV]1 SEE IF HE USES LANGUAGE :
TRANSGRESSES ! G5]A (! ?+S HE DEF9ES1
DEF9+1 E4G4 JU/ICE Z A ,8/ATE T PRODUCES
EQUAL;Y0' OR ,84TRIBUTES :AT IS EQUAL0'3
= 0DEF9+ X S HE PASSES \TSIDE ! SPH]E (
VIRTUE1 & S 0L1V+ \ ! G5US ( JU/ICE HE
FAILS 6EXPRESS XS ESS;E3 =! ESS;E (A ?+
M/ 9 EA* CASE BR+ 9 XS G5US4 ,X IS !
SAME ?+ IF ! OBJECT 2 N PUT 96XS NE>E/
G5US2 =! MAN :O PUTS X 96! NE>E/ "O HAS
/AT$ ALL ! HI<] G5]A1 SEE+ T ALL ! HI<]
G5]A >E PR$ICAT$ (! L[]4 ,EI1 !N1 X "\
6BE PUT 96XS NE>E/ G5US1 OR ELSE 6! HI<]
G5US ALL ! DI6]5TIAE "\ 6BE APP5D$ ":BY
! NE>E/ G5US IS DEF9$4 ,= !N HE WD N H
LEFT \ ANY?+3 B WD M]ELY H M5;N$ !
SUBORD9ATE G5US 0AN EXPRES.N 9/1D ( 0"N4
,ON ! O!R H&1 HE :O M5;NS M]ELY ! HI<]
G5US 0XF1 DOES N /ATE ! SUBORD9ATE G5US
Z WELL3 9 SAY+ ,8PLANT0' A MAN DOES N
SPECIFY 'A TREE0'4
                   #F
  ,AG1 9 REG>D 6! DI6]5TIAE1 WE M/
EXAM9E 9 L MANN] :E!R ! DI6]5TIAE1 TOO1
T HE HAS /AT$ 2 ^? (! G5US4 ,= IF A MAN
HAS N DEF9$ ! OBJECT 0! DI6]5TIAE
PECULI> 6X1 OR HAS M5;N$ "S?+ S* Z IS
UTT]LY 9CAPA# ( 2+ A DI6]5TIA ( ANY?+1
E4G4 ,8ANIMAL0' OR ,8SUB/.E0'1 CLE>LY HE
HAS N DEF9$ X AT ALL3 =! A=ESD T]MS D N
DI6]5TIATE ANY?+ AT ALL4 ,FUR!R1 WE M/
SEE :E!R ! DI6]5TIA /AT$ POSSESSES ANY?+
T IS CO-ORD9ATE ) X 9 A DIVI.N2 =1 IF N1
CLE>LY ! "O /AT$ CD N 2 A DI6]5TIA (!
G5US4 ,=A G5US IS ALW DIVID$ 0DI6]5TIAE
T >E CO-ORD9ATE MEMB]S (A DIVI.N1 Z1 =
9/.E1 0! T]MS ,8WALK+0'1 ,8FLY+0'1
,8AQUATIC0'1 & ,8BIP$0'4 ,OR SEE IF1 ?\<
! 3TRA/$ DI6]5TIA EXI/S1 X YET IS N TRUE
(! G5US1 = !N1 CLE>LY1 NEI ( !M CD 2 A
DI6]5TIA (! G5US2 = DI6]5TIAE T >E CO-
ORD9ATES 9 A DIVI.N )! DI6]5TIA (A ?+ >E
ALL TRUE (! G5US 6: ! ?+ 2L;GS4
,LIKEWISE1 AL1 SEE IF1 ?\< X 2 TRUE1 YET
! A4I;N ( X 6! G5US FAILS 6MAKE A
SPECIES4 ,= !N1 CLE>LY1 ? CD N 2 A
SPECIFIC DI6]5TIA (! G5US3 =A SPECIFIC
DI6]5TIA1 IF A4$ 6! G5US1 ALW MAKES A
SPECIES4 ,IF1 H["E1 ? 2 NO TRUE
DI6]5TIA1 NO M IS ! "O A4UC$1 SEE+ T X
IS A CO-ORD9ATE MEMB] (A DIVI.N ) ?4
  ,MOREOV]1 SEE IF HE DIVIDES ! G5US 0A
NEG,N1 Z ^? D :O DEF9E L9E Z ,8L5G? )\T
BR1D?0'3 = ? M1NS SIMPLY T X HAS N ANY
BR1D?4 ,! G5US W !N 2 F.D 6P>TAKE ( XS
[N SPECIES3 =1 S9CE ( "EY?+ EI AN
A6IRM,N OR XS NEG,N IS TRUE1 L5G? M/ ALW
EI LACK BR1D? OR POSSESS X1 S T ,8L5G?0'
Z WELL1 I4E4 ! G5US ( ,8L9E0'1 W 2 EI )
OR )\T BR1D?4 ,B ,8L5G? )\T BR1D?0' IS !
DEF9I;N (A SPECIES1 Z AL IS ,8L5G? )
BR1D?0'3 = ,8)\T BR1D?0' & ,8) BR1D?0'
>E DI6]5TIAE1 &! G5US & DI6]5TIA 3/ITUTE
! DEF9I;N (! SPECIES4 ,H;E ! G5US WD
ADMIT (! DEF9I;N ( XS SPECIES4
,LIKEWISE1 AL1 X W ADMIT (! DEF9I;N (!
DI6]5TIA1 SEE+ T "O OR ! O!R (! A=ESD
DI6]5TIAE IS ( NECESS;Y PR$ICAT$ (!
G5US4 ,! USE;L;S ( ? PR9CIPLE IS F.D 9
MEET+ ^? :O ASS]T ! EXI/;E ( ,8,ID1S0'3
= IF ABSOLUTE L5G? EXI/1 H[ W X 2
PR$ICA# (! G5US T X HAS BR1D? OR T X
LACKS X8 ,= "O ASS];N OR ! O!R W H 6BE
TRUE ( ,8L5G?0' UNIV]S,Y1 IF X IS 6BE
TRUE (! G5US AT ALL3 & ? IS 3TR>Y 6!
FACT3 = "! EXI/ BO? L5G?S : H1 & L5G?S :
H N1 BR1D?4 ,H;E ! ONLY P AG/ :OM ! RULE
C 2 EMPLOY$ >E ^? :O ASS]T T A G5US IS
ALW NUM]IC,Y "O2 & ? IS :AT IS D"O 0^?
:O ASS]T ! R1L EXI/;E (! ,8,ID1S0'2 = !Y
ALLEGE T ABSOLUTE L5G? & ABSOLUTE ANIMAL
>E ! G5US4
  ,X MAY 2 T 9 "S CASES ! DEF9] IS
OBLIG$ 6EMPLOY A NEG,N Z WELL1 E4G4 9
DEF9+ PRIV,NS4 ,= ,8BL0' M1NS A ?+ : _C
SEE :5 XS NATURE IS 6SEE4 ,"! IS NO
DI6];E 2T DIVID+ ! G5US 0A NEG,N1 &
DIVID+ X 0S* AN A6IRM,N Z IS B.D 6H A
NEG,N Z XS CO-ORD9ATE 9 A DIVI.N1 E4G4
SUPPOS+ HE _H DEF9$ "S?+ Z ,8L5G?
POSSESS$ ( BR1D?0'2 = CO-ORD9ATE 9 !
DIVI.N ) T : IS POSSESS$ ( BR1D? IS T :
POSSESSES NO BR1D? & T ONLY1 S T AG !
G5US IS DIVID$ 0A NEG,N4
  ,AG1 SEE IF HE R5D]$ ! SPECIES Z A
DI6]5TIA1 Z D ^? :O DEF9E ,83TUMELY0' Z
,89SOL;E A3OMPANI$ 0JE]+0'2 = JE]+ IS A
K9D ( 9SOL;E1 I4E4 X IS A SPECIES & N A
DI6]5TIA4
  ,MOREOV]1 SEE IF HE HAS /AT$ ! G5US Z
! DI6]5TIA1 E4G4 ,8,VIRTUE IS A GD OR
NO# /ATE3 = ,8GD0' IS ! G5US (
,8VIRTUE0'4 ,OR POSSIBLY ,8GD0' "H IS N
! G5US B ! DI6]5TIA1 ON ! PR9CIPLE T !
SAME ?+ _C 2 9 TWO G5]A ( : NEI 3TA9S !
O!R3 = ,8GD0' DOES N 9CLUDE ,8/ATE0'1
NOR VICE V]SA3 = N E /ATE IS GD NOR E GD
A ,8/ATE0'4 ,BO?1 !N1 CD N 2 G5]A1 &
3SEQU5TLY1 IF ,8/ATE0' IS ! G5US (
VIRTUE1 CLE>LY ,8GD0' _C 2 XS G5US3 X M/
R 2 ! DI6]5TIA0'4 ,MOREOV]1 'A /ATE0'
9DICATES ! ESS;E ( VIRTUE1 ":AS ,8GD0'
9DICATES N ! ESS;E B A QUAL;Y3 &
69DICATE A QUAL;Y IS G5],Y HELD 6BE !
FUNC;N (! DI6]5TIA4 ,SEE1 FUR!R1 :E!R !
DI6]5TIA R5D]$ 9DICATES AN 9DIVIDUAL R
?AN A QUAL;Y3 =! G5]AL VIEW IS T !
DI6]5TIA ALW EXPRESSES A QUAL;Y4
  ,LOOK & SEE1 FUR!R1 :E!R ! DI6]5TIA
2L;GS ONLY 0A3ID5T 6! OBJECT DEF9$4 ,=!
DI6]5TIA IS N"E AN A3ID5TAL ATTRIBUTE1
ANY M ?AN ! G5US IS3 =! DI6]5TIA (A ?+
_C BO? 2L;G & N 2L;G 6X4
  ,MOREOV]1 IF EI ! DI6]5TIA OR !
SPECIES1 OR ANY (! ?+S : >E "U !
SPECIES1 IS PR$ICA# (! G5US1 !N HE CD N
H DEF9$ ! T]M4 ,= N"O (! A=ESD C
POSSIBLY 2 PR$ICAT$ (! G5US1 SEE+ T !
G5US IS ! T]M )! WIDE/ RANGE ( ALL4 ,AG1
SEE IF ! G5US 2 PR$ICAT$ (! DI6]5TIA2 =!
G5]AL VIEW IS T ! G5US IS PR$ICAT$1 N (!
DI6]5TIA1 B (! OBJECTS ( : ! DI6]5TIA IS
PR$ICAT$4 ,ANIMAL 7E4G47 IS PR$ICAT$ (
,8MAN0' OR ,8OX0' OR O!R WALK+ ANIMALS1
N (! ACTUAL DI6]5TIA XF : WE PR$ICATE (!
SPECIES4 ,= IF ,8ANIMAL0' IS 6BE
PR$ICAT$ ( EA* ( XS DI6]5TIAE1 !N
,8ANIMAL0' WD 2 PR$ICAT$ (! SPECIES
S"EAL "TS OV]2 =! DI6]5TIAE >E PR$ICATES
(! SPECIES4 ,MOREOV]1 ! DI6]5TIAE W 2
ALL EI SPECIES OR 9DIVIDUALS1 IF !Y >E
ANIMALS2 = E ANIMAL IS EI A SPECIES OR
AN 9DIVIDUAL4
  ,LIKEWISE Y M/ 9QUIRE AL IF ! SPECIES
OR ANY (! OBJECTS T -E "U X IS PR$ICAT$
(! DI6]5TIA3 = ? IS IMPOSSI#1 SEE+ T !
DI6]5TIA IS A T]M )A WID] RANGE ?AN !
V>I\S SPECIES4 ,MOREOV]1 IF ANY (!
SPECIES 2 PR$ICAT$ ( X1 ! RESULT W 2 T !
DI6]5TIA IS A SPECIES3 IF1 = 9/.E1
,8MAN0' 2 PR$ICAT$1 ! DI6]5TIA IS CLE>LY
! HUMAN RACE4 ,AG1 SEE IF ! DI6]5TIA
FAILS 6BE PRIOR 6! SPECIES3 =! DI6]5TIA
"\ 6BE PO/]IOR 6! G5US1 B PRIOR 6!
SPECIES4
  ,LOOK & SEE AL IF ! DI6]5TIA M5;N$
2L;GS 6A DI6]5T G5US1 NEI 3TA9$ 9 NOR
3TA9+ ! G5US 9 "Q4 ,=! G5]AL VIEW IS T !
SAME DI6]5TIA _C 2 US$ ( TWO NON-
SUBALT]N G5]A4 ,ELSE ! RESULT W 2 T !
SAME SPECIES Z WELL W 2 9 TWO NON-
SUBALT]N G5]A3 = EA* (! DI6]5TIAE
IMPORTS XS [N G5US1 E4G4 ,8WALK+0' &
,8BIP$0' IMPORT ) !M ! G5US ,8ANIMAL0'4
,IF1 !N1 EA* (! G5]A Z WELL IS TRUE ( T
( : ! DI6]5TIA IS TRUE1 X CLE>LY FOLL[S
T ! SPECIES M/ 2 9 TWO NON-SUBALT]N
G5]A4 ,OR P]H X IS N IMPOSSI# =! SAME
DI6]5TIA 6BE US$ ( TWO NON-SUBALT]N
G5]A1 & WE "\ 6ADD ! ^WS ,8EXCEPT !Y BO?
2 SUBORD9ATE MEMB]S (! SAME G5US0'4 ,?US
,8WALK+ ANIMAL0' & ,8FLY+ ANIMAL0' >E
NON-SUBALT]N G5]A1 & ,8BIP$0' IS !
DI6]5TIA ( BO?4 ,! ^WS ,8EXCEPT !Y BO? 2
SUBORD9ATE MEMB]S (! SAME G5US0' "\ "!=E
6BE A4$2 = BO? ^! >E SUBORD9ATE TO
,8ANIMAL0'4 ,F ? POSSIBIL;Y1 T ! SAME
DI6]5TIA MAY 2 US$ ( TWO NON-SUBALT]N
G5]A1 X IS CLE> AL T "! IS NO NECESS;Y =
! DI6]5TIA 6C>RY ) X ! :OLE (! G5US 6: X
2L;GS1 B ONLY ! "O OR ! O!R ( XS LIMBS
TGR )! G5]A T >E HI<] ?AN ?1 Z ,8BIP$0'
C>RIES ) X EI ,8FLY+0' OR ,8WALK+
ANIMAL0'4
  ,SEE1 TOO1 IF HE HAS R5D]$ ,8EXI/;E
IN0' "S?+ Z ! DI6]5TIA (A ?+'S ESS;E3 =!
G5]AL VIEW IS T LOCAL;Y _C DI6]5TIATE 2T
"O ESS;E & ANO!R4 ,H;E1 TOO1 P 3DEMN ^?
:O DIVIDE ANIMALS 0M1NS (! T]MS
,8WALK+0' & ,8AQUATIC0'1 ON ! GR.D T
,8WALK+0' & ,8AQUATIC0' 9DICATE M]E
LOCAL;Y4 ,OR POSSIBLY 9 ? CASE ! C5SURE
IS UNDES]V$2 = ,8AQUATIC0' DOES N M1N
,8IN0' ANY?+2 NOR DOES X DENOTE A
LOCAL;Y1 B A C]TA9 QUAL;Y3 = EV5 IF ! ?+
2 ON ! DRY L&1 / X IS AQUATIC3 &
LIKEWISE A L&-ANIMAL1 EV5 ?\< X 2 9 !
WAT]1 W / 2 ;A & N AN AQUATIC-ANIMAL4 ,B
ALL ! SAME1 IF "E ! DI6]5TIA DOES DENOTE
EXI/;E 9 "S?+1 CLE>LY HE W H MADE A BAD
MISTAKE4
  ,AG1 SEE IF HE HAS R5D]$ AN A6EC;N Z !
DI6]5TIA3 = E A6EC;N1 IF 9T5SIFI$1
SUBV]TS ! ESS;E (! ?+1 :ILE ! DI6]5TIA
IS N ( T K9D3 =! DI6]5TIA IS G5],Y
3SID]$ R 6PRES]VE T : X DI6]5TIATES2 & X
IS ABSOLUTELY IMPOSSI# =A ?+ 6EXI/ )\T
XS [N SPECIAL DI6]5TIA3 = IF "! 2 NO
,8WALK+0'1 "! W 2 NO ,8MAN0'4 ,9 FACT1
WE MAY LAY D[N ABSOLUTELY T A ?+ _C H Z
XS DI6]5TIA ANY?+ 9 RESPECT ( : X IS
SUBJECT 6ALT],N3 = ALL ?+S ( T K9D1 IF
9T5SIFI$1 DE/ROY XS ESS;E4 ,IF1 !N1 A
MAN HAS R5D]$ ANY DI6]5TIA ( ? K9D1 HE
HAS MADE A MISTAKE3 = WE "UGO ABSOLUTELY
NO ALT],N 9 RESPECT ( \R DI6]5TIAE4
  ,AG1 SEE IF HE HAS FAIL$ 6R5D] !
DI6]5TIA (A RELATIVE T]M RELATIVELY
6"S?+ ELSE2 =! DI6]5TIAE ( RELATIVE T]MS
>E !MVS RELATIVE1 Z 9 ! CASE AL ( K4 ,?
IS CLASS$ Z SPECULATIVE1 PRACTICAL &
PRODUCTIVE2 & EA* ( ^! DENOTES A REL,N3
= X SPECULATES ^U "S?+1 & PRODUCES "S?+
& DOES "S?+4
  ,LOOK & SEE AL IF ! DEF9] R5D]S EA*
RELATIVE T]M RELATIVELY 6XS NATURAL
PURPOSE3 = :ILE 9 "S CASES ! "PICUL>
RELATIVE T]M C 2 US$ 9 REL,N 6XS NATURAL
PURPOSE ONLY & 6NO?+ ELSE1 "S C 2 US$ 9
REL,N 6"S?+ ELSE Z WELL4 ,?US SI<T C
ONLY 2 US$ = SEE+1 B A /RIGIL C AL 2 US$
6DIP UP WAT]4 ,/1 IF ANY "O 7 6DEF9E A
/RIGIL Z AN 9/RU;T = DIPP+ WAT]1 HE HAS
MADE A MISTAKE3 = T IS N XS NATURAL
FUNC;N4 ,! DEF9I;N (A ?+'S NATURAL
FUNC;N IS ,8T = : X WD 2 US$ 0! PRUD5T
MAN1 ACT+ Z S*1 & 0! SCI;E T D1LS
SPECI,Y ) T ?+0'4
  ,OR SEE IF1 :5"E A T]M HAPP5S 6BE US$
9 A NUMB] ( REL,NS1 HE HAS FAIL$
69TRODUCE X 9 XS PRIM>Y REL,N3 E4G4
0DEF9+ ,8WISDOM0' Z ! VIRTUE ( ,8MAN0'
OR (! ,8S\L10' R ?AN (! ,8R1SON+
FACULTY0'3 = ,8WISDOM0' IS ! VIRTUE
PRIM>ILY (! R1SON+ FACULTY3 = X IS 9
VIRTUE ( ? T BO? ! MAN & 8 S\L >E SD 6BE
WISE4
  ,MOREOV]1 IF ! ?+ ( : ! T]M DEF9$ HAS
BE5 /AT$ 6BE AN A6EC;N OR 4POSI;N1 OR
:AT"E X MAY BE1 2 UNA# 6ADMIT X1 ! DEF9]
HAS MADE A MISTAKE4 ,= E 4POSI;N & E
A6EC;N IS =M$ NATUR,Y 9 T ( : X IS AN
A6EC;N OR 4POSI;N1 Z K1 TOO1 IS =M$ 9 !
S\L1 2+ A 4POSI;N ( S\L4 ,"S"TS1 H["E1 P
MAKE BAD MISTAKES 9 MATT]S ( ? SORT1
E4G4 ALL ^? :O SAY T ,8SLEEP0' IS A
,8FAILURE ( S5S,N0'1 OR T ,8P]PLEX;Y0'
IS A /ATE ( ,8EQUAL;Y 2T 3TR>Y
R1SON+S0'1 OR T ,8PA9' IS A ,8VIOL5T
4RUP;N ( "PS T >E NATUR,Y 3JO9$0'4 ,=
SLEEP IS N AN ATTRIBUTE ( S5S,N1 ":AS X
"\ 6BE1 IF X IS A FAILURE ( S5S,N4
,LIKEWISE1 P]PLEX;Y IS N AN ATTRIBUTE (
OPPOSITE R1SON+S1 NOR PA9 ( "PS NATUR,Y
3JO9$3 = !N 9ANIMATE ?+S W 2 9 PA91 S9CE
PA9 W 2 PRES5T 9 !M4 ,SIMIL> 9 "*1 TOO1
IS ! DEF9I;N ( ,8H1L?0'1 SAY1 Z A
,8BAL.E ( HOT & COLD ELE;TS0'3 = !N H1L?
W 2 NECESS>ILY EXHIBIT$ 0! HOT & COLD
ELE;TS3 = BAL.E ( ANY?+ IS AN ATTRIBUTE
9H]5T 9 ^? ?+S ( : X IS ! BAL.E1 S T
H1L? WD 2 AN ATTRIBUTE ( !M4 ,MOREOV]1 P
:O DEF9E 9 ? WAY PUT E6ECT = CAUSE1 OR
CAUSE = E6ECT4 ,=! 4RUP;N ( "PS NATUR,Y
3JO9$ IS N PA91 B ONLY A CAUSE ( PA93
NOR AG IS A FAILURE ( S5S,N SLEEP1 B !
"O IS ! CAUSE (! O!R3 = EI WE G 6SLEEP
2C S5S,N FAILS1 OR S5S,N FAILS 2C WE G
6SLEEP4 ,LIKEWISE AL AN EQUAL;Y 2T 3TR>Y
R1SON+S WD 2 G5],Y 3SID]$ 6BE A CAUSE (
P]PLEX;Y3 = X IS :5 WE REFLECT ON BO?
SIDES (A "Q & F9D "EY?+ ALIKE 6BE 9
KEEP+ ) EI C\RSE T WE >E P]PLEX$ : (!
TWO WE >E 6D4
  ,MOREOV]1 ) REG>D 6ALL P]IODS ( "T
LOOK & SEE :E!R "! 2 ANY 4CREPANCY 2T !
DI6]5TIA &! ?+ DEF9$3 E4G4 SUPPOS+ !
,8IMMORTAL0' 6BE DEF9$ Z A ,8LIV+ ?+
IMMUNE AT PRES5T F DE/RUC;N0'4 ,=A LIV+
?+ T IS IMMUNE ,8AT PRES5T0' F DE/RUC;N
W 2 IMMORTAL ,8AT PRES5T0'4 ,POSSIBLY1
9DE$1 9 ? CASE ? RESULT DOES N FOLL[1 [+
6! AMBIGU;Y (! ^WS ,8IMMUNE AT PRES5T F
DE/RUC;N0'3 = X MAY M1N EI T ! ?+ HAS N
BE5 DE/ROY$ AT PRES5T1 OR T X _C 2
DE/ROY$ AT PRES5T1 OR T AT PRES5T X IS
S* T X N"E C 2 DE/ROY$4 ,:5"E1 !N1 WE
SAY T A LIV+ ?+ IS AT PRES5T IMMUNE F
DE/RUC;N1 WE M1N T X IS AT PRES5T A LIV+
?+ ( S* A K9D Z N"E 6BE DE/ROY$3 & ? IS
EQUIVAL5T 6SAY+ T X IS IMMORTAL1 S T X
IS N M1NT T X IS IMMORTAL ONLY AT
PRES5T4 ,/1 IF "E X DOES HAPP5 T :AT HAS
BE5 R5D]$ AC 6! DEF9I;N 2L;GS 9 ! PRES5T
ONLY OR PA/1 ":AS :AT IS M1NT 0! ^W DOES
N S 2L;G1 !N ! TWO CD N 2 ! SAME4 ,S1
!N1 ? -MONPLACE RULE "\ 6BE FOLL[$1 Z WE
H SD4
                   #G
  ,Y %D LOOK & SEE AL :E!R ! T]M 2+
DEF9$ IS APPLI$ 9 3SID],N ( "S?+ O!R ?AN
! DEF9I;N R5D]$4 ,SUPPOSE 7E4G47 A
DEF9I;N ( ,8JU/ICE0' Z ! ,8ABIL;Y
64TRIBUTE :AT IS EQUAL0'4 ,? WD N 2 "R1
= ,8J0' DESCRIBES R ! MAN :O *OOSES1 ?AN
! MAN :O IS A# 64TRIBUTE :AT IS EQUAL3 S
T JU/ICE CD N 2 AN ABIL;Y 64TRIBUTE :AT
IS EQUAL3 = !N AL ! MO/ J MAN WD 2 ! MAN
)! MO/ ABIL;Y 64TRIBUTE :AT IS EQUAL4
  ,MOREOV]1 SEE IF ! ?+ ADMITS (
DEGREES1 ":AS :AT IS R5D]$ AC 6! DEF9I;N
DOES N1 OR1 VICE V]SA1 :AT IS R5D]$ AC
6! DEF9I;N ADMITS ( DEGREES :ILE ! ?+
DOES N4 ,= EI BO? M/ ADMIT !M OR ELSE
NEI1 IF 9DE$ :AT IS R5D]$ AC 6! DEF9I;N
IS ! SAME Z ! ?+4 ,MOREOV]1 SEE IF1 :ILE
BO? ( !M ADMIT ( DEGREES1 !Y YET D N BO?
2COME GRT] TGR3 E4G4 SUPPOSE SEXUAL LOVE
6BE ! DESIRE = 9T]C\RSE3 = HE :O IS M
9T5SELY 9 LOVE HAS N A M 9T5SE DESIRE =
9T]C\RSE1 S T BO? D N 2COME 9T5SIFI$ AT
ONCE3 !Y C]TA9LY %D1 H["E1 _H !Y BE5 !
SAME ?+4
  ,MOREOV]1 SUPPOSE TWO ?+S 6BE 2F Y1
SEE IF ! T]M 6BE DEF9$ APPLIES M
"PICUL>LY 6! "O 6: ! 3T5T (! DEF9I;N IS
LESS APPLICA#4 ,TAKE1 = 9/.E1 ! DEF9I;N
( ,8FIRE0' Z ! ,8BODY T 3SI/S (! MO/
R>EFI$ "PICLES0'4 ,= ,8FIRE0' DENOTES
FLAME R ?AN LI<T1 B FLAME IS LESS ! BODY
T 3SI/S (! MO/ R>EFI$ "PICLES ?AN IS
LI<T3 ":AS BO? "\ 6BE M APPLICA# 6! SAME
?+1 IF !Y _H BE5 ! SAME4 ,AG1 SEE IF !
"O EXPRES.N APPLIES ALIKE 6BO? ! OBJECTS
2F Y1 :ILE ! O!R DOES N APPLY 6BO?
ALIKE1 B M "PICUL>LY 6"O ( !M4
  ,MOREOV]1 SEE IF HE R5D]S ! DEF9I;N
RELATIVE 6TWO ?+S TAK5 SEP>ATELY3 ?US1 !
B1UTI;L0' IS ,8:AT IS PL1SANT 6! EYES OR
6! E>S03 OR ,8! R1L0' IS ,8:AT IS CAPA#
( 2+ ACT$ ^U OR ( ACT+0'4 ,= !N ! SAME
?+ W 2 BO? B1UTI;L & N B1UTI;L1 &
LIKEWISE W 2 BO? R1L & N R1L4 ,=
,8PL1SANT 6! E>S0' W 2 ! SAME Z
,8B1UTI;L0'1 S T ,8N PL1SANT 6! E>S0' W
2 ! SAME Z ,8N B1UTI;L0'3 =( ID5TICAL
?+S ! OPPOSITES1 TOO1 >E ID5TICAL1 &!
OPPOSITE ( ,8B1UTI;L0' IS ,8N B1UTI;L0'1
:ILE ( ,8PL1SANT 6! E>S0' ! OPPOSITE IS
N PL1SANT 6! C>S0'3 CLE>LY1 !N1 ,8N
PL1SANT 6! E>S0' IS ! SAME ?+ Z ,8N
B1UTI;L0'4 ,IF1 "!=E1 "S?+ 2 PL1SANT 6!
EYES B N 6! E>S1 X W 2 BO? B1UTI;L & N
B1UTI;L4 ,9 L MANN] WE % %[ AL T ! SAME
?+ IS BO? R1L & UNR1L4
  ,MOREOV]1 ( BO? G5]A & DI6]5TIAE & ALL
! O!R T]MS R5D]$ 9 DEF9I;NS Y %D FRAME
DEF9I;NS 9 LIEU (! T]MS1 & !N SEE IF "!
2 ANY 4CREPANCY 2T !M4
                   #H
  ,IF ! T]M DEF9$ 2 RELATIVE1 EI 9 XF OR
9 RESPECT ( XS G5US1 SEE :E!R ! DEF9I;N
FAILS 6M5;N T 6: ! T]M1 EI 9 XF OR 9
RESPECT ( XS G5US1 IS RELATIVE1 E4G4 IF
HE HAS DEF9$ ,8K0' Z AN ,89CONTROV]TI#
3CEP;N0' OR ,8WI%+0' Z ,8PA9.S CON,N0'4
,=( "EY?+ RELATIVE ! ESS;E IS RELATIVE
6"S?+ ELSE1 SEE+ T ! 2+ ( E RELATIVE T]M
IS ID5TICAL ) 2+ 9 A C]TA9 REL,N 6"S?+4
,HE "\1 "!=E1 6H SD T K IS ,83CEP;N (A
"KA#0' & T WI%+ IS ,8CON,N =A GD0'4
,LIKEWISE1 AL1 IF HE HAS DEF9$
,8GRAMM>0' Z ,8K ( LRS0'3 ":AS 9 !
DEF9I;N "! "\ 6BE R5D]$ EI ! ?+ 6: ! T]M
XF IS RELATIVE1 OR T1 :AT"E X IS1 6: XS
G5US IS RELATIVE4 ,OR SEE IF A RELATIVE
T]M HAS BE5 DESCRIB$ N 9 REL,N 6XS 5D1 !
5D 9 ANY?+ 2+ :AT"E IS BE/ 9 X OR GIVES
XS PURPOSE 6! RE/4 ,C]TA9LY X IS :AT IS
BE/ OR F9AL T %D 2 /AT$1 E4G4 T DESIRE
IS N =! PL1SANT B = PL1SURE3 = ? IS \R
PURPOSE 9 *OOS+ :AT IS PL1SANT Z WELL4
  ,LOOK & SEE AL IF T 9 REL,N 6: HE HAS
R5D]$ ! T]M 2 A PROCESS OR AN ACTIV;Y3 =
NO?+ ( T K9D IS AN 5D1 =! -PLE;N (!
ACTIV;Y OR PROCESS IS ! 5D R ?AN !
PROCESS OR ACTIV;Y XF4 ,OR P]H ? RULE IS
N TRUE 9 ALL CASES1 = ALM "EYBODY PREF]S
! PRES5T EXP]I;E ( PL1SURE 6XS CESS,N1 S
T !Y WD C.T ! ACTIV;Y Z ! 5D R ?AN XS
-PLE;N4
  ,AG SEE 9 "S CASES IF HE HAS FAIL$
64T+UI% ! QUANT;Y OR QUAL;Y OR PLACE OR
O!R DI6]5TIAE ( AN OBJECT2 E4G4 ! QUAL;Y
& QUANT;Y (! HON\R ! /RIV+ = : MAKES A
MAN AMBITI\S3 = ALL M5 /RIVE = HON\R1 S
T X IS N 5 6DEF9E ! AMBITI\S MAN Z HM :O
/RIVES = HON\R1 B ! A=ESD DI6]5TIAE M/ 2
A4$4 ,LIKEWISE1 AL1 9 DEF9+ ! COVET\S
MAN ! QUANT;Y ( M"OY HE AIMS AT1 OR 9 !
CASE (! 9CONT95T MAN ! QUAL;Y (!
PL1SURES1 %D 2 /AT$4 ,= X IS N ! MAN :O
GIVES WAY 6ANY SORT ( PL1SURE :AT"E :O
IS CALL$ 9CONT95T1 B ONLY HE :O GIVES
WAY 6A C]TA9 K9D ( PL1SURE4 ,OR AG1 P
"S"TS DEF9E NI<T Z A ,8%AD[ ON ! E>?0'1
OR AN E>?QUAKE Z A MOVE;T (! E>?0'1 OR A
CL\D Z ,83D5S,N (! AIR0'1 OR A W9D Z A
,8MOVE;T (! AIR0'2 ":AS !Y "\ 6SPECIFY Z
WELL QUANT;Y1 QUAL;Y1 PLACE1 & CAUSE4
,LIKEWISE1 AL1 9 O!R CASES (! K9D3 =
0OMITT+ ANY DI6]5TIAE :AT"E HE FAILS
6/ATE ! ESS;E (! T]M4 ,"O %D ALW ATTACK
DEFICI5CY4 ,=A MOVE;T (! E>? DOES N
3/ITUTE AN E>?QUAKE1 NOR A MOVE;T (! AIR
A W9D1 IRRESPECTIVE ( XS MANN] &! AM.T
9VOLV$4
  ,MOREOV]1 9 ! CASE ( CON,NS1 & 9 ANY
O!R CASES ": X APPLIES1 SEE IF ! ^W
,8APP>5T0' IS LEFT \1 E4G4 ,8WI%+ IS A
CON,N AF ! GD0'1 OR ,8DESIRE IS A CON,N
AF ! PL1SANT'-9/1D ( SAY+ ,8! APP>5TLY
GD0'1 OR ,8PL1SANT0'4 ,= (T5 ^? :O
EXHIBIT ! CON,N D N P]CV :AT IS GD OR
PL1SANT1 S T _! AIM NE$ N 2 RE,Y GD OR
PL1SANT1 B ONLY APP>5TLY S4 ,!Y "\1
"!=E1 6H R5D]$ ! DEF9I;N AL ACLY4 ,ON !
O!R H&1 ANY "O :O MA9TA9S ! EXI/;E (
,ID1S "\ 6BE BR"\ FACE 6FACE ) 8 ,ID1S1
EV5 ?\< HE DOES R5D] ! ^W 9 "Q3 = "! C 2
NO ,IDEA ( ANY?+ M]ELY APP>5T3 ! G5]AL
VIEW IS T AN ,IDEA IS ALW SPOK5 ( 9
REL,N 6AN ,IDEA3 ?US ABSOLUTE DESIRE IS
=! ABSOLUTELY PL1SANT1 & ABSOLUTE WI%+
IS =! ABSOLUTELY GD2 !Y "!=E _C 2 = AN
APP>5T GD OR AN APP>5TLY PL1SANT3 =!
EXI/;E ( AN ABSOLUTELY-APP>5TLY-GD OR
PL1SANT WD 2 AN ABSURD;Y4
                   #I
  ,MOREOV]1 IF ! DEF9I;N 2 (! /ATE (
ANY?+1 LOOK AT :AT IS 9 ! /ATE1 :ILE IF
X 2 ( :AT IS 9 ! /ATE1 LOOK AT ! /ATE3 &
LIKEWISE AL 9 O!R CASES (! K9D4 ,?US IF
! PL1SANT 2 ID5TICAL )! B5EFICIAL1 !N1
TOO1 ! MAN :O IS PL1S$ IS B5EFIT$4
,SP1K+ G5],Y1 9 DEF9I;NS ( ? SORT X
HAPP5S T :AT ! DEF9] DEF9ES IS 9 A S5SE
M ?AN "O ?+3 = 9 DEF9+ K1 A MAN 9 A S5SE
DEF9ES IGNOR.E Z WELL1 & LIKEWISE AL :AT
HAS K & :AT LACKS X1 & :AT X IS 6"K &
6BE IGNORANT4 ,= IF ! F/ 2 MADE CLE>1 !
O!RS 2COME 9 A C]TA9 S5SE CLE> Z WELL4
,WE H1 !N1 6BE ON \R GU>D 9 ALL S* CASES
AG/ 4CREPANCY1 US+ ! ELE;T>Y PR9CIPLES
DRAWN F 3SID],N ( 3TR>IES &( COORD9ATES4
  ,MOREOV]1 9 ! CASE ( RELATIVE T]MS1
SEE IF ! SPECIES IS R5D]$ Z RELATIVE 6A
SPECIES ( T 6: ! G5US IS R5D]$ Z
RELATIVE1 E4G4 SUPPOS+ 2LIEF 6BE
RELATIVE 6"S OBJECT ( 2LIEF1 SEE :E!R A
"PICUL> 2LIEF IS MADE RELATIVE 6"S
"PICUL> OBJECT ( 2LIEF3 &1 IF A MULTIPLE
2 RELATIVE 6A FRAC;N1 SEE :E!R A "PICUL>
MULTIPLE 2 MADE RELATIVE 6A "PICUL>
FRAC;N4 ,= IF X 2 N S R5D]$1 CLE>LY A
MISTAKE HAS BE5 MADE4
  ,SEE1 AL1 IF ! OPPOSITE (! T]M HAS !
OPPOSITE DEF9I;N1 :E!R 7E4G47 ! DEF9I;N
( ,8HALF0' IS ! OPPOSITE ( T ( ,8D\#0'3
= IF ,8D\#0' IS ,8T : EXCE$S ANO!R 0AN
EQUAL AM.T 6T O!R0'1 ,8HALF0' IS ,8T :
IS EXCE$$ 0AN AM.T EQUAL 6XF0'4 ,9 !
SAME WAY1 TOO1 ) 3TR>IES4 ,= 6! 3TR>Y
T]M W APPLY ! DEF9I;N T IS 3TR>Y 9 "S "O
(! WAYS 9 : 3TR>IES >E 3JO9$4 ,?US
7E4G47 IF ,8USE;L0' .K ,8PRODUCTIVE (
GD0'1 ,89JURI\S0' .K PRODUCTIVE ( EVIL0'
OR ,8DE/RUCTIVE ( GD0'1 = "O OR ! O!R (
!E IS B.D 6BE 3TR>Y 6! T]M ORIG9,Y US$4
,SUPPOSE1 !N1 NEI ( ^! ?+S 6BE ! 3TR>Y (
! T]M ORIG9,Y US$1 !N CLE>LY NEI (!
DEF9I;NS R5D]$ LAT] CD 2 ! DEF9I;N (!
3TR>Y (! T]M ORIG9,Y DEF9$3 & "!=E !
DEF9I;N ORIG9,Y R5D]$ (! ORIG9AL T]M HAS
N BE5 "RLY R5D]$ EI4 ,SEE+1 MOREOV]1 T (
3TR>IES1 ! "O IS "S"TS A ^W =C$ 6DENOTE
! PRIV,N (! O!R1 Z 7E4G47 9EQUAL;Y IS
G5],Y HELD 6BE ! PRIV,N ( EQUAL;Y 7=
,8UNEQUAL0' M]ELY DESCRIBES ?+S T >E N
EQUAL0'71 X IS "!=E CLE> T T 3TR>Y ^: =M
DENOTES ! PRIV,N M/ ( NECESS;Y 2 DEF9$
"? ! O!R2 ":AS ! O!R _C !N 2 DEF9$ "? !
"O ^: =M DENOTES ! PRIV,N2 = ELSE WE %D
F9D T EA* IS 2+ 9T]PRET$ 0! O!R4 ,WE M/
9 ! CASE ( 3TR>Y T]MS KEEP AN EYE ON ?
MISTAKE1 E4G4 SUPPOS+ ANY "O 7 6DEF9E
EQUAL;Y Z ! 3TR>Y ( 9EQUAL;Y3 = !N HE IS
DEF9+ X "? ! T]M : DENOTES PRIV,N ( X4
,MOREOV]1 A MAN :O S DEF9ES IS B.D 6USE
9 8 DEF9I;N ! V T]M HE IS DEF9+2 & ?
2COMES CLE>1 IF =! ^W WE SUB/ITUTE XS
DEF9I;N4 ,= 6SAY ,89EQUAL;Y0' IS ! SAME
Z 6SAY ,8PRIV,N ( EQUAL;Y0'4 ,"!=E
EQUAL;Y S DEF9$ W 2 ,8! 3TR>Y (! PRIV,N
( EQUAL;Y0'1 S T HE WD H US$ ! V ^W 6BE
DEF9$4 ,SUPPOSE1 H["E1 T NEI (! 3TR>IES
2 S =M$ Z 6DENOTE PRIV,N1 B YET !
DEF9I;N ( X 2 R5D]$ 9 A MANN] L ! ABV1
E4G4 SUPPOSE ,8GD0' 6BE DEF9$ Z ,8!
3TR>Y ( EVIL0'1 !N1 S9CE X IS CLE> T
,8EVIL0' TOO W 2 ,8! 3TR>Y ( GD0' 7=!
DEF9I;N ( ?+S T >E 3TR>Y 9 ? M/ 2 R5D]$
9 A L MANN]71 ! RESULT AG IS T HE USES !
V T]M 2+ DEF9$3 = ,8GD0' IS 9H]5T 9 !
DEF9I;N ( ,8EVIL0'4 ,IF1 !N1 ,8GD0' 2 !
3TR>Y ( EVIL1 & EVIL 2 NO?+ O!R ?AN !
,83TR>Y ( GD0'1 !N ,8GD0' W 2 ! ,83TR>Y
(! 3TR>Y ( GD0'4 ,CLE>LY1 !N1 HE HAS US$
! V ^W 6BE DEF9$4
  ,MOREOV]1 SEE IF 9 R5D]+ A T]M =M$
6DENOTE PRIV,N1 HE HAS FAIL$ 6R5D] ! T]M
( : X IS ! PRIV,N1 E4G4 ! /ATE1 OR
3TR>Y1 OR :AT"E X MAY 2 ^: PRIV,N X IS3
AL IF HE HAS OMITT$ 6ADD EI ANY T]M AT
ALL 9 : ! PRIV,N IS NATUR,Y =M$1 OR ELSE
T 9 : X IS NATUR,Y =M$ PRIM>ILY1 E4G4
:E!R 9 DEF9+ ,8IGNOR.E0' A PRIV,N HE HAS
FAIL$ 6SAY T X IS ! PRIV,N ( ,8K0'2 OR
HAS FAIL$ 6ADD 9 :AT X IS NATUR,Y =M$1
OR1 ?\< HE HAS A4$ ?1 HAS FAIL$ 6R5D] !
?+ 9 : X IS PRIM>ILY =M$1 PLAC+ X 7E4G47
9 ,8MAN0' OR 9 ,8! S\L0'1 & N 9 !
,8R1SON+ FACULTY0'3 = IF 9 ANY ( ^!
RESPECTS HE FAILS1 HE HAS MADE A
MISTAKE4 ,LIKEWISE1 AL1 IF HE HAS FAIL$
6SAY T ,8BL;S0' IS ! ,8PRIV,N ( SI<T 9
AN EYE0'3 =A PROP] R5D]+ ( XS ESS;E M/
/ATE BO? ( :AT X IS ! PRIV,N & :AT X IS
T IS DEPRIV$4
  ,EXAM9E FUR!R :E!R HE HAS DEF9$ 0!
EXPRES.N 'A PRIV,N0' A T]M T IS N US$
6DENOTE A PRIV,N3 ?US A MISTAKE ( ? SORT
AL WD 2 G5],Y ?"\ 6BE 9CURR$ 9 ! CASE (
,8]ROR0' 0ANY "O :O IS N US+ X Z A M]ELY
NEGATIVE T]M4 ,= :AT IS G5],Y ?"\ 6BE 9
]ROR IS N T : HAS NO K1 B R T : HAS BE5
DCVD1 &= ? R1SON WE D N TALK ( 9ANIMATE
?+S OR ( *N Z ,8]R+0'4 ,8,]ROR0'1 !N1 IS
N US$ 6DENOTE A M]E PRIV,N ( K4

                  #AJ
  ,MOREOV]1 SEE :E!R ! L 9FLEXIONS 9 !
DEF9I;N APPLY 6! L 9FLEXIONS (! T]M2
E4G4 IF ,8B5EFICIAL0' M1NS ,8PRODUCTIVE
( H1L?0'1 DOES ,8B5EFICI,Y0' M1N
PRODUCTIVELY ( H1L?0' &A ,8B5EFACTOR0' A
,8PRODUC] ( H1L?0'8
  ,LOOK TOO & SEE :E!R ! DEF9I;N GIV5 W
APPLY 6! ,IDEA Z WELL4 ,= 9 "S CASES X W
N D S2 E4G4 9 ! ,PLATONIC DEF9I;N ": HE
A4S ! ^W ,8MORTAL0' 9 8 DEF9I;NS ( LIV+
CR1TURES3 =! ,IDEA 7E4G4 ! ABSOLUTE
,MAN7 IS N MORTAL1 S T ! DEF9I;N W N FIT
! ,IDEA4 ,S ALW :]"E ! ^WS ,8CAPA# (
ACT+ ON0' OR ,8CAPA# ( 2+ ACT$ ^U0' >E
A4$1 ! DEF9I;N &! ,IDEA >E ABSOLUTELY
B.D 6BE 4CREPANT3 = ^? :O ASS]T ! EXI/;E
( ,ID1S HOLD T !Y >E 9CAPA# ( 2+ ACT$
^U1 OR ( MO;N4 ,9 D1L+ ) ^! P EV5 >GU;TS
( ? K9D >E USE;L4
  ,FUR!R1 SEE IF HE HAS R5D]$ A S+LE
-MON DEF9I;N ( T]MS T >E US$ AMBIGU\SLY4
,= T]MS ^: DEF9I;N CORRESPOND+ _! -MON
"N IS "O &! SAME1 >E SYNONYM\S2 IF1 !N1
! DEF9I;N APPLIES 9 A L MANN] 6! :OLE
RANGE (! AMBIGU\S T]M1 X IS N TRUE ( ANY
"O (! OBJECTS DESCRIB$ 0! T]M4 ,? IS1
MOREOV]1 :AT HAPP5S 6,DIONYSIUS' DEF9I;N
( ,8LIFE0' :5 /AT$ Z 'A MOVE;T (A
CR1TURE SU/A9$ 0NUTRI;T1 3G5IT,Y PRES5T
) X0'3 = ? IS F.D 9 PLANTS Z M* Z 9
ANIMALS1 ":AS ,8LIFE0' IS G5],Y "U/OOD
6M1N N "O K9D ( ?+ ONLY1 B 6BE "O ?+ 9
ANIMALS & ANO!R 9 PLANTS4 ,X IS POSSI#
6HOLD ! VIEW T LIFE IS A SYNONYM\S T]M &
IS ALW US$ 6DESCRIBE "O ?+ ONLY1 & "!=E
6R5D] ! DEF9I;N 9 ? WAY ON PURPOSE3 OR X
MAY Q WELL HAPP5 T A MAN MAY SEE !
AMBIGU\S "* (! ^W1 & WI% 6R5D] ! DEF9I;N
(! "O S5SE ONLY1 & YET FAIL 6SEE T HE
HAS R5D]$ A DEF9I;N -MON 6BO? S5SES 9/1D
( "O PECULI> 6! S5SE HE 9T5DS4 ,9 EI
CASE1 :I*"E C\RSE HE PURSUES1 HE IS
EQU,Y AT FAULT4 ,S9CE AMBIGU\S T]MS
"S"TS PASS UNOBS]V$1 X IS BE/ 9 "Q+
6TR1T S* T]MS Z ?\< !Y 7 SYNONYM\S 7=!
DEF9I;N (! "O S5SE W N APPLY 6! O!R1 S T
! ANSW]] W 2 G5],Y ?"\ N 6H DEF9$ X
CORRECTLY1 = 6A SYNONYM\S T]M ! DEF9I;N
%D APPLY 9 XS FULL RANGE71 ":AS 9 ANSW]+
Y %D YRF 4T+UI% 2T ! S5SES4 ,FUR!R1 Z "S
ANSW]]S CALL ,8AMBIGU\S0' :AT IS RE,Y
SYNONYM\S1 :5"E ! DEF9I;N R5D]$ FAILS
6APPLY UNIV]S,Y1 &1 VICE V]SA1 CALL
SYNONYM\S :AT IS RE,Y AMBIGU\S SUPPOS+
_! DEF9I;N APPLIES 6BO? S5SES (! T]M1 "O
%D SECURE A PRELIM9>Y ADMIS.N ON S*
PO9TS1 OR ELSE PROVE 2FH& T S-&-S IS
AMBIGU\S OR SYNONYM\S1 Z ! CASE MAY BE3
= P >E M R1DY 6AGREE :5 !Y D N =ESEE :AT
! 3SEQU;E W BE4 ,IF1 H["E1 NO ADMIS.N
HAS BE5 MADE1 &! MAN ASS]TS T :AT IS
RE,Y SYNONYM\S IS AMBIGU\S 2C ! DEF9I;N
HE HAS R5D]$ W N APPLY 6! SECOND S5SE Z
WELL1 SEE IF ! DEF9I;N ( ? SECOND M1N+
APPLIES AL 6! O!R M1N+S3 = IF S1 ? M1N+
M/ CLE>LY 2 SYNONYM\S ) ^? O!RS4
,O!RWISE1 "! W 2 M ?AN "O DEF9I;N ( ^?
O!R M1N+S1 = "! >E APPLICA# 6!M TWO
4T9CT DEF9I;NS 9 EXPLAN,N (! T]M1 VIZ4 !
"O PREVI\SLY R5D]$ & AL ! LAT] "O4 ,AG1
IF ANY "O 7 6DEF9E A T]M US$ 9 S"EAL
S5SES1 &1 F9D+ T 8 DEF9I;N DOES N APPLY
6!M ALL1 7 63T5D N T ! T]M IS AMBIGU\S1
B T EV5 ! T]M DOES N PROP]LY APPLY 6ALL
^? S5SES1 J 2C 8 DEF9I;N W N D S EI1 !N
"O MAY RETORT 6S* A MAN T ?\< 9 "S ?+S
"O M/ N USE ! LANGUAGE (! P1 YET 9 A "Q
( T]M9OLOGY "O IS B.D 6EMPLOY ! RCVD &
TRADI;NAL USAGE & N 6UPSET MATT]S ( T
SORT4
                  #AA
  ,SUPPOSE N[ T A DEF9I;N HAS BE5 R5D]$
( "S -PLEX T]M1 TAKE AWAY ! DEF9I;N ( "O
(! ELE;TS 9 ! -PLEX1 & SEE IF AL ! RE/ (
! DEF9I;N DEF9ES ! RE/ ( X3 IF N1 X IS
CLE> T NEI DOES ! :OLE DEF9I;N DEF9E !
:OLE -PLEX4 ,SUPPOSE1 E4G4 T "S "O HAS
DEF9$ A ,8F9ITE /RAI<T L9E0' Z ,8! LIMIT
(A F9ITE PLANE1 S* T XS C5TRE IS 9 A L9E
) XS EXTREMES0'2 IF N[ ! DEF9I;N (A
F9ITE L9E0' 2 ! ,8LIMIT (A F9ITE
PLANE0'1 ! RE/ 7VIZ4 ,8S* T XS C5TRE IS
9 A L9E ) XS EXTREMES0'7 "\ 6BE A
DEF9I;N ( /RAI<T0'4 ,B AN 9F9ITE /RAI<T
L9E HAS NEI C5TRE NOR EXTREMES & YET IS
/RAI<T S T ? REMA9D] DOES N DEF9E !
REMA9D] (! T]M4
  ,MOREOV]1 IF ! T]M DEF9$ 2 A -P.D
NO;N1 SEE IF ! DEF9I;N R5D]$ 2
EQUIMEMBRAL )! T]M DEF9$4 ,A DEF9I;N IS
SD 6BE EQUIMEMBRAL )! T]M DEF9$ :5 !
NUMB] (! ELE;TS -P.D$ 9 ! LATT] IS !
SAME Z ! NUMB] ( N\NS & V]BS 9 !
DEF9I;N4 ,=! EX*ANGE 9 S* CASES IS B.D
6BE M]ELY "O ( T]M = T]M1 9 ! CASE ( "S
IF N ( ALL1 SEE+ T "! >E NO M T]MS US$
N[ ?AN =M]LY2 ":AS 9 A DEF9I;N T]MS "\
6BE R5D]$ 0PHRASES1 IF POSSI# 9 E CASE1
OR IF N1 9 ! MAJOR;Y4 ,= AT T RATE1
SIMPLE OBJECTS TOO CD 2 DEF9$ 0M]ELY
CALL+ !M 0A DI6]5T "N1 E4G4 ,8CLOAK0'
9/1D ( ,8D\#T0'4
  ,! MISTAKE IS EV5 WORSE1 IF ACTU,Y A
LESS WELL "KN T]M 2 SUB/ITUT$1 E4G4
,8PELLUCID MORTAL0' = ,8:ITE MAN0'3 = X
IS NO DEF9I;N1 & MOREOV] IS LESS
9TELLIGI# :5 PUT 9 T =M4
  ,LOOK & SEE AL :E!R1 9 ! EX*ANGE (
^WS1 ! S5SE FAILS / 6BE ! SAME4 ,TAKE1 =
9/.E1 ! EXPLAN,N ( ,8SPECULATIVE K0' Z
,8SPECULATIVE 3CEP;N0'3 = 3CEP;N IS N !
SAME Z K-Z X C]TA9LY "\ 6BE IF ! :OLE IS
6BE ! SAME TOO3 = ?\< ! ^W
,8SPECULATIVE0' IS -MON 6BO? EXPRES.NS1
YET ! REMA9D] IS DI6]5T4
  ,MOREOV]1 SEE IF 9 REPLAC+ "O (! T]MS
0"S?+ ELSE HE HAS EX*ANG$ ! G5US & N !
DI6]5TIA1 Z 9 ! EXAMPLE J GIV53 =
,8SPECULATIVE0' IS A LESS FAMILI> T]M
?AN K2 =! "O IS ! G5US &! O!R !
DI6]5TIA1 &! G5US IS ALW ! MO/ FAMILI>
T]M ( ALL2 S T X IS N ?1 B ! DI6]5TIA1 T
"\ 6H BE5 *ANG$1 SEE+ T X IS ! LESS
FAMILI>4 ,X MI<T 2 HELD T ? CRITICISM IS
RIDICUL\S3 2C "! IS NO R1SON :Y ! MO/
FAMILI> T]M %D N DESCRIBE ! DI6]5TIA1 &
N ! G5US2 9 : CASE1 CLE>LY1 ! T]M 6BE
ALT]$ WD AL 2 T DENOT+ ! G5US & N !
DI6]5TIA4 ,IF1 H["E1 A MAN IS SUB/ITUT+
=A T]M N M]ELY ANO!R T]M B A PHRASE1
CLE>LY X IS (! DI6]5TIA R ?AN (! G5US T
A DEF9I;N %D 2 R5D]$1 SEE+ T ! OBJECT (
R5D]+ ! DEF9I;N IS 6MAKE ! SUBJECT
FAMILI>2 =! DI6]5TIA IS LESS FAMILI> ?AN
! G5US4
  ,IF HE HAS R5D]$ ! DEF9I;N (!
DI6]5TIA1 SEE :E!R ! DEF9I;N R5D]$ IS
-MON 6X & "S?+ ELSE Z WELL3 E4G4 :5"E HE
SAYS T AN ODD NUMB] IS A ,8NUMB] )A
MI4LE0'1 FUR!R DEF9I;N IS REQUIR$ ( H[ X
HAS A MI4LE3 =! ^W ,8NUMB]0' IS -MON
6BO? EXPRES.NS1 & X IS ! ^W ,8ODD0' = :
! PHRASE HAS BE5 SUB/ITUT$4 ,N[ BO? A
L9E &A BODY H A MI4LE1 YET !Y >E N
,8ODD0'2 S T ? CD N 2 A DEF9I;N (
,8ODD0'4 ,IF1 ON ! O!R H&1 ! PHRASE ,8)A
MI4LE0' 2 US$ 9 S"EAL S5SES1 ! S5SE "H
9T5D$ REQUIRES 6BE DEF9$4 ,S T ? W EI
4CR$IT ! DEF9I;N OR PROVE T X IS NO
DEF9I;N AT ALL4
                  #AB
  ,AG1 SEE IF ! T]M ( : HE R5D]S !
DEF9I;N IS A R1L;Y1 ":AS :AT IS 3TA9$ 9
! DEF9I;N IS N1 E4G4 ,SUPPOSE ,8:ITE0'
6BE DEF9$ Z ,8COL\R M+L$ ) FIRE0'3 = :AT
IS BODI.S _C 2 M+L$ ) BODY1 S T
,8COL\R0' ,8M+L$ ) FIRE0' CD N EXI/1
":AS ,8:ITE0' DOES EXI/4
  ,MOREOV]1 ^? :O 9 ! CASE ( RELATIVE
T]MS D N 4T+UI% 6:AT ! OBJECT IS RELAT$1
B H DESCRIB$ X ONLY S Z 69CLUDE X AM;G
TOO L>GE A NUMB] ( ?+S1 >E WR;G EI :OLLY
OR 9 "P2 E4G4 SUPPOSE "S "O 6H DEF9$
,8M$IC9E0' Z A SCI;E ( ,R1L;Y0'4 ,= IF
M$IC9E 2 N A SCI;E ( ANY?+ T IS R1L1 !
DEF9I;N IS CLE>LY ALT FALSE2 :ILE IF X 2
A SCI;E ( "S R1L ?+1 B N ( ANO!R1 X IS
"PLY FALSE2 = X "\ 6HOLD ( ALL R1L;Y1 IF
X IS SD 6BE ( ,R1L;Y ESS5TI,Y & N
A3ID5T,Y3 Z IS ! CASE ) O!R RELATIVE
T]MS3 = E OBJECT ( K IS A T]M RELATIVE
6K3 LIKEWISE1 AL1 ) O!R RELATIVE T]MS1
9ASM* Z ALL S* >E 3V]TI#4 ,MOREOV]1 IF !
"R WAY 6R5D] A3.T (A ?+ 2 6R5D] X Z X IS
N 9 XF B A3ID5T,Y1 !N EA* & E RELATIVE
T]M WD 2 US$ 9 REL,N N 6"O ?+ B 6A NUMB]
( ?+S4 ,= "! IS NO R1SON :Y ! SAME ?+ %D
N 2 BO? R1L & :ITE & GD1 S T X WD 2 A
CORRECT R5D]+ 6R5D] ! OBJECT 9 REL,N
6ANY "O :ATSO"E ( ^!1 IF 6R5D] :AT X IS
A3ID5T,Y 2 A CORRECT WAY 6R5D] X4 ,X IS1
MOREOV]1 IMPOSSI# T A DEF9I;N ( ? SORT
%D 2 PECULI> 6! T]M R5D]$3 = N ONLY B !
MAJOR;Y (! O!R SCI;ES TOO1 H = _! OBJECT
"S R1L ?+1 S T EA* W 2 A SCI;E ( R1L;Y4
,CLE>LY1 !N1 S* A DEF9I;N DOES N DEF9E
ANY SCI;E AT ALL2 =A DEF9I;N "\ 6BE
PECULI> 6XS [N T]M1 N G5]AL4
  ,"S"TS1 AG1 P DEF9E N ! ?+ B ONLY ! ?+
9 A GD OR P]FECT 3DI;N4 ,S* IS ! DEF9I;N
(A RHETORICIAN Z ,8"O :O C ALW SEE :AT W
P]SUADE 9 ! GIV5 CIRCUM/.ES1 & OMIT
NO?+0'2 OR (A ?IEF1 Z ,8"O :O PILF]S 9
SECRET0'3 = CLE>LY1 IF !Y EA* D ?1 !N !
"O W 2 A GD RHETORICIAN1 &! O!R A GD
?IEF3 ":AS X IS N ! ACTUAL PILF]+ 9
SECRET1 B ! WI% 6D X1 T 3/ITUTES ! ?IEF4
  ,AG1 SEE IF HE HAS R5D]$ :AT IS
DESIRA# = XS [N SAKE Z DESIRA# = :AT X
PRODUCES OR DOES1 OR Z 9 ANY WAY DESIRA#
2C ( "S?+ ELSE1 E4G4 0SAY+ T JU/ICE IS
,8:AT PRES]VES ! LAWS0' OR T WISDOM IS
,8:AT PRODUCES HAPPI;S0'2 = :AT PRODUCES
OR PRES]VES "S?+ ELSE IS "O (! ?+S
DESIRA# = "S?+ ELSE4 ,X MI<T 2 SD T X IS
POSSI# = :AT IS DESIRA# 9 XF 6BE DESIRA#
= "S?+ ELSE Z WELL3 B / 6DEF9E :AT IS
DESIRA# 9 XF 9 S* A WAY IS N"O ! LESS
WR;G3 =! ESS;E 3TA9S P> EXCELL;E :AT IS
BE/ 9 ANY?+1 & X IS BETT] =A ?+ 6BE
DESIRA# 9 XF ?AN 6BE DESIRA# = "S?+
ELSE1 S T ? IS R :AT ! DEF9I;N TOO "\ 6H
9DICAT$4
                  #AC
  ,SEE AL :E!R 9 DEF9+ ANY?+ A MAN HAS
DEF9$ X Z AN ',A & ,B0'1 OR Z A
,8PRODUCT ( ;,A & ,B0' OR Z AN
',A@+,B0'4 ,IF HE DEF9ES X Z & ,B0'1 !
DEF9I;N W 2 TRUE ( BO? & YET ( NEI ( !M2
SUPPOSE1 E4G4 JU/ICE 6BE DEF9$ Z
,8TEMP].E & C\RAGE40' ,= IF ( TWO P]SONS
EA* HAS "O (! TWO ONLY1 BO? & YET NEI W
2 J3 = BO? TGR H JU/ICE1 & YET EA* S+LY
FAILS 6H X4 ,EV5 IF ! SITU,N "H DESCRIB$
DOES N S F> APPE> V ABSURD 2C (! O3URR;E
( ? K9D ( ?+ 9 O!R CASES AL 7= X IS Q
POSSI# = TWO M5 6H A M9A 2T !M1 ?\< NEI
( !M HAS X 0HMF71 YET L1/ T !Y %D H
3TR>Y ATTRIBUTES SURELY SEEMS Q ABSURD2
& YET ? W FOLL[ IF ! "O 2 TEMP]ATE & YET
A C[>D1 &! O!R1 ?\< BRAVE1 2 A
PR(LIGATE2 = !N BO? W EXHIBIT BO? JU/ICE
& 9JU/ICE3 = IF JU/ICE 2 TEMP].E &
BRAV]Y1 !N 9JU/ICE W 2 C[>DICE &
PR(LIGACY4 ,9 G5]AL1 TOO1 ALL ! WAYS (
%[+ T ! :OLE IS N ! SAME Z ! SUM ( XS
"PS >E USE;L 9 MEET+ ! TYPE J DESCRIB$2
=A MAN :O DEF9ES 9 ? WAY SEEMS 6ASS]T T
! "PS >E ! SAME Z ! :OLE4 ,! >GU;TS >E
"PICUL>LY APPROPRIATE 9 CASES ": !
PROCESS ( PUTT+ ! "PS TGR IS OBVI\S1 Z 9
A H\SE & O!R ?+S ( T SORT3 = "!1 CLE>LY1
Y MAY H ! "PS & YET N H ! :OLE1 S T "PS
& :OLE _C 2 ! SAME4
  ,IF1 H["E1 HE HAS SD T ! T]M 2+ DEF9$
IS N ',A & ,B0' B ! ,8PRODUCT ( ;,A &
,B0'1 LOOK & SEE 9 ! F/ PLACE IF ;,A &
;,B _C 9 ! NATURE ( ?+S H A S+LE
PRODUCT3 = "S ?+S >E S RELAT$ 6"O ANO!R
T NO?+ C -E ( !M1 E4G4 A L9E &A NUMB]4
,MOREOV]1 SEE IF ! T]M T HAS BE5 DEF9$
IS 9 ! NATURE ( ?+S F.D PRIM>ILY 9 "S
S+LE SUBJECT1 ":AS ! ?+S : HE HAS SD
PRODUCE X >E N F.D PRIM>ILY 9 ANY S+LE
SUBJECT1 B EA* 9 A SEP>ATE "O4 ,IF S1
CLE>LY T T]M CD N 2 ! PRODUCT ( ^! ?+S3
=! :OLE IS B.D 6BE 9 ! SAME ?+S ":9 XS
"PS >E1 S T ! :OLE W !N 2 F.D PRIM>ILY N
9 "O SUBJECT ONLY1 B 9 A NUMB] ( !M4
,IF1 ON ! O!R H&1 BO? "PS & :OLE >E F.D
PRIM>ILY 9 "S S+LE SUBJECT1 SEE IF T
M$IUM IS N ! SAME1 B "O ?+ 9 ! CASE (!
:OLE & ANO!R 9 T (! "PS4 ,AG1 SEE :E!R !
"PS P]I% TGR )! :OLE3 = X "\ 6HAPP51
VICE V]SA1 T ! :OLE P]I%ES :5 ! "PS
P]I%2 :5 ! :OLE P]I%ES1 "! IS NO
NECESS;Y T ! "PS %D P]I% TOO4 ,OR AG1
SEE IF ! :OLE 2 GD OR EVIL1 &! "PS NEI1
OR1 VICE V]SA1 IF ! "PS 2 GD OR EVIL &!
:OLE NEI4 ,= X IS IMPOSSI# EI =A NEUTRAL
?+ 6PRODUCE "S?+ GD OR BAD1 OR = ?+S GD
OR BAD 6PRODUCE A NEUTRAL ?+4 ,OR AG1
SEE IF ! "O ?+ IS M 4T9CTLY GD ?AN ! O!R
IS EVIL1 & YET ! PRODUCT 2 NO M GD ?AN
EVIL1 E4G4 SUPPOSE %AME.S;S 2 DEF9$ Z
,8! PRODUCT ( C\RAGE & FALSE OP9ION0'3
"H ! GD;S ( C\RAGE EXCE$S ! EVIL ( FALSE
OP9ION2 ACLY ! PRODUCT ( ^! "\ 6H
CORRESPOND$ 6? EXCESS1 & 6BE EI GD )\T
QUALIFIC,N1 OR AT L1/ M GD ?AN EVIL4 ,OR
X MAY 2 T ? DOES N NECESS>ILY FOLL[1
UN.S EA* 2 9 XF GD OR BAD2 = _M ?+S T >E
PRODUCTIVE >E N GD 9 !MVS1 B ONLY 9
-B9,N2 OR1 P] 3TRA1 !Y >E GD TAK5 S+LY1
& BAD OR NEUTRAL 9 -B9,N4 ,:AT HAS J BE5
SD IS MO/ CLE>LY ILLU/RAT$ 9 ! CASE (
?+S T MAKE = H1L? OR SICK;S2 = "S DRUGS
>E S* T EA* TAK5 AL"O IS GD1 B IF !Y >E
BO? ADM9I/]$ 9 A MIXTURE1 BAD4
  ,AG1 SEE :E!R ! :OLE1 Z PRODUC$ F A
BETT] & WORSE1 FAILS 6BE WORSE ?AN !
BETT] & BETT] ?AN ! WORSE ELE;T4 ,? AG1
H["E1 NE$ N NECESS>ILY 2 ! CASE1 UN.S !
ELE;TS -P.D$ 2 9 !MVS GD2 IF !Y >E N1 !
:OLE MAY V WELL N 2 GD1 Z 9 ! CASES J
9/.ED4
  ,MOREOV]1 SEE IF ! :OLE 2 SYNONYM\S )
"O (! ELE;TS3 = X "\ N 6BE1 ANY M ?AN 9
! CASE ( SYLLA#S3 =! SYLLA# IS N
SYNONYM\S ) ANY (! LRS ( : X IS MADE UP4
  ,MOREOV]1 SEE IF HE HAS FAIL$ 6/ATE !
MANN] ( _! -POSI;N3 =! M]E M5;N ( XS
ELE;TS IS N 5 6MAKE ! ?+ 9TELLIGI#4 ,=!
ESS;E ( ANY -P.D ?+ IS N M]ELY T X IS A
PRODUCT ( S-&-S1 B T X IS A PRODUCT ( !M
-P.D$ 9 S* & S* A WAY1 J Z 9 ! CASE (A
H\SE3 = "H ! MAT]IALS D N MAKE A H\SE
IRRESPECTIVE (! WAY !Y >E PUT TGR4
  ,IF A MAN HAS DEF9$ AN OBJECT Z
',A@+,B0'1 ! F/ ?+ 6BE SD IS T ',A@+,B0'
M1NS ! SAME EI Z ',A & ,B0'1 OR Z !
,8PRODUCT ( ;,A & ,B40' = ,8H"OY@+WAT]0'
M1NS EI ! H"OY &! WAT]1 OR ! ,8DR9K MADE
( H"OY & WAT]0'4 ,IF1 !N1 HE ADMITS T
',A@+,B0' IS @+ ,B0' IS ! SAME Z EI ( ^!
TWO ?+S1 ! SAME CRITICISMS W APPLY Z H
ALR BE5 GIV5 = MEET+ EA* ( !M4 ,MOREOV]1
4T+UI% 2T ! DI6]5T S5SES 9 : "O ?+ MAY 2
SD 6BE ,8@+0' ANO!R1 & SEE IF "! IS N"O
( !M 9 : ,A CD 2 SD 6EXI/ ,8@+ ,B40'
,?US E4G4 SUPPOS+ ! EXPRES.N 6M1N T !Y
EXI/ EI 9 "S ID5TICAL ?+ CAPA# ( 3TA9+
!M 7Z E4G4 JU/ICE & C\RAGE >E F.D 9 !
S\L71 OR ELSE 9 ! SAME PLACE OR 9 ! SAME
"T1 & IF ? 2 9 NO WAY TRUE (! ;,A & ;,B
9 "Q1 CLE>LY ! DEF9I;N R5D]$ CD N HOLD (
ANY?+1 Z "! IS NO POSSI# WAY 9 : ,A C
EXI/ ,B0'4 ,IF1 H["E1 AM;G ! V>I\S S5SES
ABV 4T+UI%$1 X 2 TRUE T ;,A & ;,B >E EA*
F.D 9 ! SAME "T Z ! O!R1 LOOK & SEE IF
POSSIBLY ! TWO >E N US$ 9 ! SAME REL,N4
,?US E4G4 SUPPOSE C\RAGE 6H BE5 DEF9$ Z
,8D>+ ) "R R1SON+0'3 "H X IS POSSI# T !
P]SON EXHIBITS D>+ 9 RO2]Y1 & "R R1SON+
9 REG>D 6! M1NS ( H1L?3 B HE MAY H ,8!
=M] QUAL;Y@+! LATT]0' AT ! SAME "T1 & N
Z YET 2 C\RAGE\S6 ,MOREOV]1 EV5 ?\< BO?
2 US$ 9 ! SAME REL,N Z WELL1 E4G4 9
REL,N 6M$ICAL TR1T;T 7=A MAN MAY EXHIBIT
BO? D>+ & "R R1SON+ 9 RESPECT ( M$ICAL
TR1T;T71 /1 N"O ! LESS1 N EV5 ? -B9,N (
,8! "O@+! O!R ,8MAKES HM ,8C\RAGE\S0'4
,=! TWO M/ N RELATE 6ANY CASUAL OBJECT T
IS ! SAME1 ANY M ?AN EA* 6A DI6]5T
OBJECT2 R1 !Y M/ RELATE 6! FUNC;N (
C\RAGE1 E4G4 MEET+ ! P]ILS ( W>1 OR
:AT"E IS M PROP]LY SP1K+ XS FUNC;N ?AN
?4
  ,"S DEF9I;NS R5D]$ 9 ? =M FAIL 6-E "U
! A=ESD DIVI.N AT ALL1 E4G4 A DEF9I;N (
ANG] Z ,8PA9 )A 3SCI\S;S ( 2+ SLI<T$0'4
,= :AT ? M1NS 6SAY IS T X IS 2C (A
3SCI\S;S ( ? SORT T ! PA9 O3URS2 B 6O3UR
,82C (0' A ?+ IS N ! SAME Z 6O3UR ,8@+ A
?+0' 9 ANY ( XS A=ESD S5SES4

                  #AD
  ,AG1 IF HE H DESCRIB$ ! :OLE -P.D$ Z !
,8-POSI;N0' ( ^! ?+S 7E4G4 'A LIV+
CR1TURE0' Z A ,8-POSI;N ( S\L & BODY0'71
F/ ( ALL SEE :E!R HE HAS OMITT$ 6/ATE !
K9D ( -POSI;N1 Z 7E4G47 9 A DEF9I;N (
,8FLE%0' OR ,8B"O0' Z ! ,8-POSI;N (
FIRE1 E>?1 & AIR0'4 ,= X IS N 5 6SAY X
IS A -POSI;N1 B Y %D AL G ON 6DEF9E !
K9D ( -POSI;N3 = ^! ?+S D N =M FLE%
IRRESPECTIVE (! MANN] ( _! -POSI;N1 B :5
-P.D$ 9 "O WAY !Y =M FLE%1 :5 9 ANO!R1
B"O4 ,X APPE>S1 MOREOV]1 T NEI (! A=ESD
SUB/.ES IS ! SAME Z A ,8-POSI;N0' AT
ALL3 =A -POSI;N ALW HAS A DECOMPOSI;N Z
XS 3TR>Y1 ":AS NEI (! A=ESD HAS ANY
3TR>Y4 ,MOREOV]1 IF X IS EQU,Y PROBA# T
E -P.D IS A -POSI;N OR ELSE T N"O IS1 &
E K9D ( LIV+ CR1TURE1 ?\< A -P.D1 IS N"E
A -POSI;N1 !N NO O!R -P.D CD 2 A -POSI;N
EI4
  ,AG1 IF 9 ! NATURE (A ?+ TWO 3TR>IES
>E EQU,Y LIA# 6O3UR1 &! ?+ HAS BE5 DEF9$
"? ! "O1 CLE>LY X HAS N BE5 DEF9$2 ELSE
"! W 2 M ?AN "O DEF9I;N (! SAME ?+2 = H[
IS X ANY M A DEF9I;N 6DEF9E X "? ? "O
?AN "? ! O!R1 SEE+ T BO? ALIKE >E
NATUR,Y LIA# 6O3UR 9 X8 ,S* IS ! DEF9I;N
(! S\L1 IF DEF9$ Z A SUB/.E CAPA# ( RCVG
K3 = X HAS A L CAPAC;Y = RCVG IGNOR.E4
  ,AL1 EV5 :5 "O _C ATTACK ! DEF9I;N Z A
:OLE = LACK ( ACQUA9T.E )! :OLE1 "O %D
ATTACK "S "P ( X1 IF "O "KS T "P & SEES
X 6BE 9CORRECTLY R5D]$3 = IF ! "P 2
DEMOLI%$1 S TOO IS ! :OLE DEF9I;N4 ,":1
AG1 A DEF9I;N IS OBSCURE1 "O %D F/ ( ALL
CORRECT & RE%APE X 9 ORD] 6MAKE "S "P (
X CLE> & GET A H&LE = ATTACK1 & !N
PROCE$ 6EXAM9E X4 ,=! ANSW]] IS B.D EI
6A3EPT ! S5SE Z TAK5 0! "Q]1 OR ELSE HMF
6EXPLA9 CLE>LY :AT"E X IS T 8 DEF9I;N
M1NS4 ,MOREOV]1 J Z 9 ! ASSEMBLIES !
ORD9>Y PRACTICE IS 6MOVE AN EM5D,N (!
EXI/+ LAW &1 IF ! EM5D,N IS BETT]1 !Y
REP1L ! EXI/+ LAW1 S "O "\ 6D 9 ! CASE (
DEF9I;NS Z WELL3 "O "\ "OF 6PROPOSE A
SECOND DEF9I;N3 = IF X IS SE5 6BE BETT]1
& M 9DICATIVE (! OBJECT DEF9$1 CLE>LY !
DEF9I;N ALR LAID D[N W H BE5 DEMOLI%$1
ON ! PR9CIPLE T "! _C 2 M ?AN "O DEF9I;N
(! SAME ?+4
  ,9 -BAT+ DEF9I;NS X IS ALW "O (! *IEF
ELE;T>Y PR9CIPLES 6TAKE 0"OF A HAPPY %OT
AT A DEF9I;N (! OBJECT 2F "O1 OR 6ADOPT
"S CORRECTLY EXPRESS$ DEF9I;N4 ,= "O IS
B.D1 )! MODEL 7Z X W]E7 2F "O'S EYES1
64C]N BO? ANY %ORTCOM+ 9 ANY F1TURES T !
DEF9I;N "\ 6H1 & AL ANY SUP]FLU\S A4I;N1
S T "O IS BETT] SUPPLI$ ) L9ES ( ATTACK4
  ,Z 6DEF9I;NS1 !N1 LET S M* SU6ICE4

