               ,BOOK ,,IV
                   #A
  ,WE H N[ TR1T$1 9 REG>D 6BLOOD$
ANIMALS (! "PS !Y H 9 -MON &(! "PS
PECULI> 6? G5US OR T1 &(! "PS BO?
-POSITE & SIMPLE1 :E!R )\T OR )94 ,WE N[
PROCE$ 6TR1T ( ANIMALS DEVOID ( BLOOD4
,^! ANIMALS >E DIVID$ 96S"EAL G5]A4
  ,"O G5US 3SI/S ( S-CALL$ ,8MOLLUSCS0'2
& 0! T]M ,8MOLLUSC0' WE M1N AN ANIMAL T1
2+ DEVOID ( BLOOD1 HAS XS FLE%-L SUB/.E
\TSIDE1 & ANY H>D /RUCTURE X MAY HAPP5
6H1 9SIDE-IN ? RESPECT RESEMBL+ ! R$-
BLOOD$ ANIMALS1 S* Z ! G5US (! CUTTLE-
FI%4
  ,ANO!R G5US IS T (! MALACO/RACA4 ,^!
>E ANIMALS T H _! H>D /RUCTURE \TSIDE1 &
_! S(T OR FLE%LIKE SUB/.E 9SIDE1 &! H>D
SUB/.E 2L;G+ 6!M HAS 6BE CRU%$ R ?AN
%ATT]$2 & 6? G5US 2L;GS ! CRAWFI% &!
CRAB4
  ,A ?IRD G5US IS T (! O/RACOD]MS OR
,8TE/AC1NS0'4 ,^! >E ANIMALS T H _! H>D
SUB/.E \TSIDE & _! FLE%-L SUB/.E )91 &
_! H>D SUB/.E C 2 %ATT]$ B N CRU%$2 & 6?
G5US 2L;G ! SNAIL &! OY/]4
  ,! F\R? G5US IS T ( 9SECTS2 & ? G5US
-PREH5DS NUM]\S & 4SIMIL> SPECIES4
,9SECTS >E CR1TURES T1 Z ! "N IMPLIES1 H
NICKS EI ON ! BELLY OR ON ! BACK1 OR ON
BO? BELLY & BACK1 & H NO "O "P 4T9CTLY
OSSE\S & NO "O "P 4T9CTLY FLE%Y1 B >E
"?\T A "S?+ 9T]M$IATE 2T B"O & FLE%2 T
IS 6SAY1 _! BODY IS H>D ALL "?1 9SIDE &
\TSIDE4 ,"S 9SECTS >E W+.S1 S* Z ! IULUS
&! C5TIP$E2 "S >E W+$1 Z ! BEE1 !
COCK*AF]1 &! WASP2 &! SAME K9D IS 9 "S
CASES BO? W+$ & W+.S1 Z ! ANT &! GL[-
WORM4
  ,9 MOLLUSCS ! EXT]NAL "PS >E Z FOLL[S3
9 ! F/ PLACE1 ! S-CALL$ FEET2 SECONDLY1
& ATTA*$ 6^!1 ! H1D2 ?IRDLY1 ! MANTLE-
SAC1 3TA9+ ! 9T]NAL "PS1 & 9CORRECTLY
DESIGNAT$ 0"S WRIT]S ! H1D2 &1 F\R?LY1
F9S R.D AB ! SAC4 7,SEE DIAGRAM47 ,9 ALL
MOLLUSCS ! H1D IS F.D 6BE 2T ! FEET &!
BELLY4 ,ALL MOLLUSCS >E FURNI%$ ) EI<T
FEET1 & 9 ALL CASES ^! FEET >E S"E,Y
FURNI%$ )A D\# R[ ( SUCK]S1 )! EXCEP;N (
"O S+LE SPECIES ( P\LPE OR OCTOPUS4 ,!
SEPIA1 ! SMALL CALAM>Y &! L>GE CALAM>Y H
AN EXCEP;NAL ORGAN 9 A PAIR ( L;G >MS OR
T5TACLES1 HAV+ AT _! EXTREMITIES A POR;N
R5D]$ R\< 0! PRES;E ( TWO R[S ( SUCK]S2
&) ^! >MS OR T5TACLES !Y APPREH5D _!
FOOD & DRAW X 96_! M\?S1 & 9 /ORMY W1!R
!Y CL+ 0!M 6A ROCK & SWAY AB 9 ! R\<
WAT] L %IPS LY+ AT AN*OR4 ,!Y SWIM 0!
AID (! F9S T !Y H AB ! SAC4 ,9 ALL CASES
_! FEET >E FURNI%$ ) SUCK]S4
  ,! OCTOPUS1 0! WAY1 USES 8 FEEL]S EI Z
FEET OR H&S2 )! TWO : /& OV] 8 M\? HE
DRAWS 9 FOOD1 &! LA/ ( 8 FEEL]S HE
EMPLOYS 9 ! ACT ( COPUL,N2 & ? LA/ "O1
0! WAY1 IS EXTREMELY %>P1 IS EXCEP;NAL Z
2+ (A :ITI% COL\R1 & AT XS EXTREM;Y IS
BIFURCATE2 T IS 6SAY1 X HAS AN A4I;NAL
"S?+ ON ! RA*IS1 & 0RA*IS IS M1NT !
SMOO? SURFACE OR $GE (! >M ON ! F> SIDE
F ! SUCK]S4 7,SEE DIAGRAM47
  ,9 FRONT (! SAC & OV] ! FEEL]S !Y H A
HOLL[ TUBE1 0M1NS ( : !Y 4*>GE ANY SEA-
WAT] T !Y MAY H TAK5 96! SAC (! BODY 9 !
ACT ( RCVG FOOD 0! M\?4 ,!Y C %IFT !
TUBE F SIDE 6SIDE1 & 0M1NS ( X !Y 4*>GE
! BLACK LIQUID PECULI> 6! ANIMAL4
  ,/RET*+ \ XS FEET1 X SWIMS OBLIQUELY 9
! DIREC;N (! S-CALL$ H1D1 & 0? MODE (
SWIMM+ X C SEE 9 FRONT1 = XS EYES >E AT
! TOP1 & 9 ? ATTITUDE X HAS XS M\? AT !
RE>4 ,! ,8H1D0'1 :ILE ! CR1TURE IS
ALIVE1 IS H>D1 & LOOKS Z ?\< X 7 9FLAT$4
,X APPREH5DS & RETA9S OBJECTS 0M1NS (!
"U-SURFACE ( XS >MS1 &! MEMBRANE 9 2T XS
FEET IS KEPT AT FULL T5.N2 IF ! ANIMAL
GET ON 6! S& X C NO L;G] RETA9 XS HOLD4
  ,"! IS A DI6];E 2T ! OCTOPUS &! O!R
MOLLUSCS ABV M5;N$3 ! BODY (! OCTOPUS IS
SMALL1 & 8 FEET >E L;G1 ":AS 9 ! O!RS !
BODY IS L>GE &! FEET %ORT2 S %ORT1 9
FACT1 T !Y _C WALK ON !M4 ,-P>$ ) "O
ANO!R1 ! TEU?IS1 OR CALAM>Y1 IS L;G-
%AP$1 &! SEPIA FLAT-%AP$2 &(! CALAM>IES
! S-CALL$ TEU?US IS M* BI7] ?AN !
TEU?IS2 = TEU?I H BE5 F.D Z M* Z FIVE
ELLS L;G4 ,"S SEPIAE ATTA9 A L5G? ( TWO
ELLS1 &! FEEL]S (! OCTOPUS >E "S"TS Z
L;G1 OR EV5 L;G]4 ,! SPECIES TEU?US IS N
A NUM]\S "O2 ! TEU?US DI6]S F ! TEU?IS 9
%APE2 T IS1 ! %>P EXTREM;Y (! TEU?US IS
BROAD] ?AN T (! O!R1 &1 FUR!R1 ! 5CIRCL+
F9 GOES ALL R.D ! TRUNK1 ":AS X IS 9 "P
LACK+ 9 ! TEU?IS2 BO? ANIMALS >E
PELAGIC4
  ,9 ALL CASES ! H1D -ES AF ! FEET1 9 !
MI4LE (! FEET T >E CALL$ >MS OR FEEL]S4
,"! IS "H SITUAT$ A M\?1 & TWO TEE? 9 !
M\?2 & ABV ^! TWO L>GE EYES1 & 2TWIXT !
EYES A SMALL C>TILAGE 5CLOS+ A SMALL
BRA92 & )9 ! M\? X HAS A M9UTE ORGAN (A
FLE%Y NATURE1 & ? X USES Z A T;GUE1 = NO
O!R T;GUE DOES X POSSESS4 ,NEXT AF ?1 ON
! \TSIDE1 IS :AT LOOKS L A SAC2 ! FLE% (
: X IS MADE IS DIVISI#1 N 9 L;G /RAI<T
/RIPS1 B 9 ANNUL> FLAKES2 & ALL MOLLUSCS
H A CUTICLE >.D ? FLE%4 ,NEXT AF OR AT !
BACK (! M\? -ES A L;G & N>R[ OESOPHAGUS1
& CLOSE AF T A CROP OR CRAW1 L>GE &
SPH]ICAL1 L T (A BIRD2 !N -ES ! /OMA*1 L
! F\R? /OMA* 9 RUM9ANTS2 &! %APE ( X
RESEM#S ! SPIRAL 3VOLU;N 9 ! TRUMPET-
%ELL2 F ! /OMA* "! GOES BACK AG1 9 !
DIREC;N (! M\?1 ?9 GUT1 &! GUT IS ?ICK]
?AN ! OESOPHAGUS4 7,SEE DIAGRAM47
  ,MOLLUSCS H NO VISC]A1 B !Y H :AT IS
CALL$ A MYTIS1 & ON X A VESSEL 3TA9+ A
?ICK BLACK JUICE2 9 ! SEPIA OR CUTTLE-
FI% ? VESSEL IS ! L>GE/1 & ? JUICE IS
MO/ ABUNDANT4 ,ALL MOLLUSCS1 :5 F"R5$1
4*>GE S* A JUICE1 B ! 4*>GE IS MO/
COPI\S 9 ! CUTTLE-FI%4 ,! MYTIS1 !N1 IS
SITUAT$ "U ! M\?1 &! OESOPHAGUS RUNS "?
X2 & D[N 2L AT ! PO9T 6: ! GUT EXT5DS IS
! VESICLE (! BLACK JUICE1 &! ANIMAL HAS
! VESICLE &! GUT 5VELOP$ 9 "O &! SAME
MEMBRANE1 & 0! SAME MEMBRANE1 SAME
ORIFICE 4*>GES BO? ! BLACK JUICE &!
RESIDUUM4 ,! ANIMALS H AL C]TA9 HAIR-L
OR FURRY GR[?S 9 _! BODIES4
  ,9 ! SEPIA1 ! TEU?IS1 &! TEU?US ! H>D
"PS >E )91 T[>DS ! BACK (! BODY2 ^? "PS
>E CALL$ 9 "O ! SEPIUM1 & 9 ! O!R !
,8SWORD0'4 ,!Y DI6] F "O ANO!R1 =!
SEPIUM 9 ! CUTTLE-FI% & TEU?US IS H>D &
FLAT1 2+ A SUB/.E 9T]M$IATE 2T B"O &
FI%B"O1 ) 7IN "P7 A CRUMBL+1 SP;GY
TEXTURE1 B 9 ! TEU?IS ! "P IS ?9 & "S:AT
GRI/LY4 ,^! "PS DI6] F "O ANO!R 9 %APE1
Z D AL ! BODIES (! ANIMALS4 ,! OCTOPUS
HAS NO?+ H>D ( ? K9D 9 XS 9T]IOR1 B X
HAS A GRI/LY SUB/.E R.D ! H1D1 :1 IF !
ANIMAL GR[S OLD1 2COMES H>D4
  ,! FEMALES DI6] F ! MALES4 ,! MALES H
A DUCT 9 "U ! OESOPHAGUS1 EXT5D+ F !
MANTLE-CAV;Y 6! L[] POR;N (! SAC1 & "!
IS AN ORGAN 6: X ATTA*ES1 RESEMBL+ A
BR1/2 7SEE DIAGRAM7 9 ! FEMALE "! >E TWO
( ^! ORGANS1 SITUAT$ HI<] UP2 7SEE
DIAGRAM7 ) BO? SEXES "! >E "UN1? ^!
ORGANS C]TA9 R$ =M,NS4 ,! EGG (! OCTOPUS
IS S+LE1 UNEV5 ON XS SURFACE1 &( L>GE
SIZE2 ! FLUID SUB/.E )9 IS ALL UNI=M 9
COL\R1 SMOO?1 & 9 COL\R :ITE2 ! SIZE (!
EGG IS S GRT Z 6FILL A VESSEL L>G] ?AN !
CR1TURE'S H1D4 ,! SEPIA HAS TWO SACS1 &
9SIDE !M A NUMB] ( E7S1 L 9 APPE>.E
6:ITE HAIL/"OS4 ,=! 4POSI;N ( ^! "PS ,I
M/ REF] 6MY ANATOMICAL DIAGRAMS4
  ,! MALES ( ALL ^! ANIMALS DI6] F !
FEMALES1 &! DI6];E 2T ! SEXES IS MO/
M>K$ 9 ! SEPIA2 =! BACK (! TRUNK1 : IS
BLACK] ?AN ! BELLY1 IS R\<] 9 ! MALE ?AN
9 ! FEMALE1 & 9 ! MALE ! BACK IS /RIP$1
&! RUMP IS M %>PLY PO9T$4
  ,"! >E S"EAL SPECIES (! OCTOPUS4 ,"O
KEEPS CLOSE 6! SURFACE1 & IS ! L>GE/ (
!M ALL1 & NE> ! %ORE ! SIZE IS L>G] ?AN
9 DEEP WAT]2 & "! >E O!RS1 SMALL1
V>IEGAT$ 9 COL\R1 : >E N >TICLES ( FOOD4
,"! >E TWO O!RS1 "O CALL$ ! HEL$"O1 :
DI6]S F XS 3G5]S 9 ! L5G? ( XS LEGS & 9
HAV+ "O R[ ( SUCK]S-ALL ! RE/ (!
MOLLUSCS HAV+ TWO1-! O!R NICK"ND V>I\SLY
! BOLITA9A OR ! ,8ONION10' &! OZOLIS OR
! ,8/9K>D0'4
  ,"! >E TWO O!RS F.D 9 %ELLS RESEMBL+
^? (! TE/AC1NS4 ,"O ( !M IS NICK"ND 0"S
P]SONS ! NAUTILUS OR ! PONTILUS1 OR
0O!RS ! ,8POLYPUS0' EGG0'2 &! %ELL ( ?
CR1TURE IS "S?+ L A SEP>ATE VALVE (A
DEEP SCALLOP-%ELL4 ,? POLYPUS LIVES V
(T5 NE> 6! %ORE1 & IS APT 6BE ?R[N UP
HI< & DRY ON ! B1*2 "U ^! CIRCUM/.ES X
IS F.D ) XS %ELL DETA*$1 & DIES 0& 0ON
DRY L&4 ,^! POLYPODS >E SMALL1 & >E
%AP$1 Z REG>DS ! =M ( _! BODIES1 L !
BOLBIDIA4 ,"! IS ANO!R POLYPUS T IS
PLAC$ )9 A %ELL L A SNAIL2 X N"E -ES \ (
! %ELL1 B LIVES 9SIDE ! %ELL L ! SNAIL1
& F "T 6"T PROTRUDES XS FEEL]S4
  ,S M* = MOLLUSCS4
                   #B
  ,) REG>D 6! ,MALACO/RACA OR CRU/AC1NS1
"O SPECIES IS T (! CRAWFI%1 &A SECOND1
RESEMBL+ ! F/1 IS T (! LOB/]2 ! LOB/]
DI6]+ F ! CRAWFI% 9 HAV+ CLAWS1 & 9 A
FEW O!R RESPECTS Z WELL4 ,ANO!R SPECIES
IS T (! C>ID1 & ANO!R IS T (! CRAB1 & "!
>E _M K9DS BO? ( C>ID &( CRAB4
  ,( C>IDS "! >E ! S-CALL$ CYPHAE1 OR
,8HUN*-BACKS0'1 ! CRANGONS1 OR SQUILLAE1
&! LL K9D1 OR %RIMPS1 &! LL K9D D N
DEVELOP 96A L>G] K9D4
  ,(! CRAB1 ! V>IETIES >E 9DEF9ITE &
9CALCULA#4 ,! L>GE/ ( ALL CRABS IS "O
NICK"ND ,MAIA1 A SECOND V>IETY IS !
PAG>US &! CRAB ( ,H]ACLEOTIS1 &A ?IRD
V>IETY IS ! FRE%-WAT] CRAB2 ! O!R
V>IETIES >E SMALL] 9 SIZE & DE/ITUTE (
SPECIAL DESIGN,NS4 ,9 ! NEI<B\RHOOD (
,PHOENICE "! >E F.D ON ! B1* C]TA9 CRABS
T >E NICK"ND ! ,8HORSEM50'1 F _! RUNN+ )
S* SPE$ T X IS DI6ICULT 6OV]TAKE !M2 ^!
CRABS1 :5 OP5$1 >E USU,Y F.D EMPTY1 & ?
EMPTI;S MAY 2 PUT D[N 69SU6ICI5CY (
NUTRI;T4 7,"! IS ANO!R V>IETY1 SMALL L !
CRAB1 B RESEMBL+ 9 %APE ! LOB/]47 ,ALL
^! ANIMALS1 Z HAS BE5 /AT$1 H _! H>D &
%ELLY "P \TSIDE1 ": ! SK9 IS 9 O!R
ANIMALS1 &! FLE%Y "P 9SIDE2 &! BELLY IS
M OR LESS PROVID$ ) LAMELLAE1 OR LL
FLAPS1 &! FEMALE "H DEPOSITS H] SPAWN4
  ,! CRAWFI%ES H FIVE FEET ON EI SIDE1
9CLUD+ ! CLAWS AT ! 5D2 & 9 L MANN] !
CRABS H T5 FEET 9 ALL1 9CLUD+ ! CLAWS4
,(! C>IDS1 ! HUN*-BACK$1 OR PRAWNS1 H
FIVE FEET ON EI SIDE1 : >E %>P-PO9T$-^?
T[>DS ! H1D2 & FIVE O!RS ON EI SIDE 9 !
REGION (! BELLY1 ) _! EXTREMITIES FLAT2
!Y >E DEVOID ( FLAPS ON ! "U SIDE S* Z !
CRAWFI% HAS1 B ON ! BACK !Y RESEM# !
CRAWFI%4 7,SEE DIAGRAM47,IT IS V DI6]5T
)! CRANGON1 OR SQUILLA2 X HAS F\R FRONT
LEGS ON EI SIDE1 !N ?REE ?9 "OS CLOSE 2H
ON EI SIDE1 &! RE/ (! BODY IS =! MO/ "P
DEVOID ( FEET4 7,SEE DIAGRAM47 ,( ALL ^!
ANIMALS ! FEET B5D \ OBLIQUELY1 Z IS !
CASE ) 9SECTS2 &! CLAWS1 ": CLAWS >E
F.D1 TURN 9W>DS4 ,! CRAWFI% HAS A TAIL1
& FIVE F9S ON X2 &! R.D-BACK$ C>ID HAS A
TAIL & F\R F9S2 ! SQUILLA AL HAS F9S AT
! TAIL ON EI SIDE4 ,9 ! CASE ( BO? !
HUMP-BACK$ C>ID &! SQUILLA ! MI4LE >T (!
TAIL IS SP9\S3 ONLY T 9 ! SQUILLA ! "P
IS FLATT5$ & 9 ! C>ID X IS %>P-PO9T$4 ,(
ALL ANIMALS ( ? G5US ! CRAB IS ! ONLY "O
DEVOID (A RUMP2 &1 :ILE ! BODY (! C>ID &
! CRAWFI% IS EL;GAT$1 T (! CRAB IS
ROTUND4
  ,9 ! CRAWFI% ! MALE DI6]S F ! FEMALE3
9 ! FEMALE ! F/ FOOT IS BIFURCATE1 9 !
MALE X IS UNDIVID$2 ! BELLY-F9S 9 !
FEMALE >E L>GE & OV]LAPP+ ON ! NECK1
:ILE 9 ! MALE !Y >E SMALL] & D N OV]LAP2
&1 FUR!R1 ON ! LA/ FEET (! MALE "! >E
SPUR-L PROJEC;NS1 L>GE & %>P1 :
PROJEC;NS 9 ! FEMALE >E SMALL & SMOO?4
,BO? MALE & FEMALE H TWO ANT5NAE 9 FRONT
(! EYES1 L>GE & R\<1 & O!R ANT5NAE
"UN1?1 SMALL & SMOO?4 ,! EYES ( ALL ^!
CR1TURES >E H>D & B1DY1 & C MOVE EI 6!
9N] OR 6! \T] SIDE4 ,! EYES ( MO/ CRABS
H A SIMIL> FACIL;Y ( MOVE;T1 OR R1 9 !
CRAB ? FACIL;Y IS DEVELOP$ 9 A HI<]
DEGREE4 7,SEE DIAGRAM47
  ,! LOB/] IS ALL OV] GREY-COL\R$1 )A
MOTTL+ ( BLACK4 ,XS "U OR H9D] FEET1 UP
6! BIG FEET OR CLAWS1 >E EI<T 9 NUMB]2
!N -E ! BIG FEET1 F> L>G] & FLATT] AT !
TIPS ?AN ! SAME ORGANS 9 ! CRAWFI%2 & ^!
BIG FEET OR CLAWS >E EXCEP;NAL 9 _!
/RUCTURE1 =! "R CLAW HAS ! EXTREME FLAT
SURFACE L;G & ?91 :ILE ! LEFT CLAW HAS !
CORRESPOND+ SURFACE ?ICK & R.D4 ,EA* (!
TWO CLAWS1 DIVID$ AT ! 5D L A PAIR (
JAWS1 HAS BO? 2L & ABV A SET ( TEE?3
ONLY T 9 ! "R CLAW !Y >E ALL SMALL &
SAW-%AP$1 :ILE 9 ! LEFT CLAW ^? AT !
APEX >E SAW-%AP$ & ^? )9 >E MOL>-%AP$1
^! LATT] 2+1 9 ! "U "P (! CLEFT CLAW1
F\R TEE? CLOSE TGR1 & 9 ! UPP] "P ?REE
TEE?1 N CLOSE TGR4 ,BO? "R & LEFT CLAWS
H ! UPP] "P MOBILE1 & BR+ X 6BE> AG/ !
L[] "O1 & BO? >E CURV$ L B&Y-LEGS1 2+
"!BY ADAPT$ = APPREH5.N & 3/RIC;N4 ,ABV
! TWO L>GE CLAWS -E TWO O!RS1 COV]$ )
HAIR1 A LL "UN1? ! M\?2 & "UN1? ^! !
GILL-L =M,NS 9 ! REGION (! M\?1 HAIRY &
NUM]\S4 ,^! ORGANS ! ANIMAL KEEPS 9
P]PETUAL MO;N2 &! TWO HAIRY FEET X B5DS
& DRAWS 9 T[>DS XS M\?4 ,! FEET NE> !
M\? >E FURNI%$ AL ) DELICATE \TGR[+
APP5DAGES4 ,L ! CRAWFI%1 ! LOB/] HAS TWO
TEE?1 OR M&I#S1 & ABV ^! TEE? >E XS
ANT5NAE1 L;G1 B %ORT] & F9] 0F> ?AN ^? (
! CRAWFI%1 & !N F\R O!R ANT5NAE SIMIL> 9
%APE1 B %ORT] & F9] ?AN ! O!RS4 ,OV] ^!
ANT5NAE -E ! EYES1 SMALL & %ORT1 N L>GE
L ! EYES (! CRAWFI%4 ,OV] ! EYES IS A
P1KY R\< PROJEC;N L A =EH1D1 L>G] ?AN !
SAME "P 9 ! CRAWFI%2 9 FACT1 ! FRONTAL
"P IS M PO9T$ &! ?ORAX IS M* BROAD] 9 !
LOB/] ?AN 9 ! CRAWFI%1 &! BODY 9 G5]AL
IS SMOO!R & M FULL ( FLE%4 ,(! EI<T
FEET1 F\R >E BIFURCATE AT ! EXTREMITIES1
& F\R >E UNDIVID$4 ,! REGION (! S-CALL$
NECK IS \TW>DLY DIVID$ 96FIVE DIVI.NS1 &
SIX?LY -ES ! FLATT5$ POR;N AT ! 5D1 & ?
POR;N HAS FIVE FLAPS1 OR TAIL-F9S2 &!
9N] OR "U "PS1 96: ! FEMALE DROPS H]
SPAWN1 >E F\R 9 NUMB] & HAIRY1 & ON EA*
(! A=ESD "PS IS A SP9E TURN$ \TW>DS1
%ORT & /RAI<T4 ,! BODY 9 G5]AL &! REGION
(! ?ORAX 9 "PICUL> >E SMOO?1 N R\< Z 9 !
CRAWFI%2 B ON ! L>GE CLAWS ! \T] POR;N
HAS L>G] SP9ES4 ,"! IS NO APP>5T DI6];E
2T ! MALE & FEMALE1 = !Y BO? H "O CLAW1
:I*"E X MAY BE1 L>G] ?AN ! O!R1 & NEI
MALE NOR FEMALE IS "E F.D ) BO? CLAWS (!
SAME SIZE4
  ,ALL CRU/AC1NS TAKE 9 WAT] CLOSE 0!
M\?4 ,! CRAB 4*>GES X1 CLOS+ UP1 Z X
DOES S1 A SMALL POR;N (! SAME1 &!
CRAWFI% 4*>GES X 0WAY (! GILLS2 &1 0!
WAY1 ! GILL-%AP$ ORGANS 9 ! CRAWFI% >E V
NUM]\S4
  ,! FOLL[+ PROP]TIES >E -MON 6ALL
CRU/AC1NS3 !Y H 9 ALL CASES TWO TEE?1 OR
M&I#S 7=! FRONT TEE? 9 ! CRAWFI% >E TWO
9 NUMB]71 & 9 ALL CASES "! IS 9 ! M\? A
SMALL FLE%Y /RUCTURE S]V+ =A T;GUE2 &!
/OMA* IS CLOSE 6! M\?1 ONLY T ! CRAWFI%
HAS A LL OESOPHAGUS 9 FRONT (! /OMA*1 &
"! IS A /RAI<T GUT ATTA*$ 6X4 ,? GUT1 9
! CRAWFI% & XS 3G5]S1 & 9 ! C>IDS1
EXT5DS 9 A /RAI<T L9E 6! TAIL1 &
T]M9ATES ": ! ANIMAL 4*>GES ! RESIDUUM1
& ": ! FEMALE DEPOSITS H] SPAWN2 9 !
CRAB X T]M9ATES ": ! FLAP IS SITUAT$1 &
9 ! C5TRE (! FLAP4 7,& 0! WAY1 9 ALL ^!
ANIMALS ! SPAWN IS DEPOSIT$ \TSIDE47
,FUR!R1 ! FEMALE HAS ! PLACE =! SPAWN
RUNN+ AL;G ! GUT4 ,&1 AG1 ALL ^! ANIMALS
H1 M OR LESS1 AN ORGAN T]M$ ! ,8MYTIS0'1
OR ,8POPPYJUICE0'4
  ,WE M/ N[ PROCE$ 6REVIEW _! S"EAL
DI6]5TIAE4
  ,! CRAWFI% !N1 Z HAS BE5 SD1 HAS TWO
TEE?1 L>GE & HOLL[1 9 : IS 3TA9$ A JUICE
RESEMBL+ ! MYTIS1 & 9 2T ! TEE? IS A
FLE%Y SUB/.E1 %AP$ L A T;GUE4 ,AF ! M\?
-ES A %ORT OESOPHAGUS1 & !N A MEMBRAN\S
/OMA* ATTA*$ 6! OESOPHAGUS1 & AT !
ORIFICE ,(! /OMA* >E ?REE TEE?1 TWO FAC+
"O ANO!R &A ?IRD /&+ 0XF "UN1?4 ,-+ (F
AT A B5D F ! /OMA* IS A GUT1 SIMPLE &(
EQUAL ?ICK;S "?\T ! 5TIRE L5G? (! BODY
UNTIL X R1*ES ! ANAL V5T4
  ,^! >E ALL -MON PROP]TIES (! CRAWFI%1
! C>ID1 &! CRAB2 =! CRAB1 2 X REMEMB]$1
HAS TWO TEE?4
  ,AG1 ! CRAWFI% HAS A DUCT ATTA*$ ALL !
WAY F ! *E/ 6! ANAL V5T2 & ? DUCT IS
3NECT$ )! OV>Y 9 ! FEMALE1 &)! SEM9AL
DUCTS 9 ! MALE4 ,? PASSAGE IS ATTA*$ 6!
3CAVE SURFACE (! FLE% 9 S* A WAY T !
FLE% IS 9 2TWIXT ! DUCT &! GUT2 =! GUT
IS RELAT$ 6! 3VEX;Y & ? DUCT 6! 3CAV;Y1
PRETTY M* Z IS OBS]V$ 9 QUADRUP$S4 ,&!
DUCT IS ID5TICAL 9 BO? ! SEXES2 T IS
6SAY1 ! DUCT 9 BO? IS ?9 & :ITE1 & *>G$
)A SALL[-COL\R$ MOI/URE1 & IS ATTA*$ 6!
*E/4
  7,! FOLL[+ >E ! PROP]TIES (! EGG &(!
3VOLUTES 9 ! C>ID47
  ,! MALE1 0! WAY1 DI6]S F ! FEMALE 9
REG>D 6XS FLE%1 9 HAV+ 9 3NEXION )! *E/
TWO SEP>ATE & 4T9CT :ITE SUB/.ES1
RESEMBL+ 9 COL\R & 3=M,N ! T5TACLES (!
CUTTLE-FI%1 & !Y >E 3VOLUT$ L !
,8POPPY0' OR QUASI-LIV] (! TRUMPET-%ELL4
,^! ORGANS H _! />T+-PO9T 9
,8COTYL$ONS0' OR PAPILLAE1 : >E SITUAT$
"U ! H9DMO/ FEET2 & "HABS ! FLE% IS R$ &
BLOOD-COL\R$1 B IS SLIPP]Y 6! T\* & 9 S
F> UNLIKE FLE%4 ,(F F ! 3VOLUTE ORGAN AT
! *E/ BRAN*ES (F ANO!R COIL AB Z ?ICK Z
ORD9>Y TW9E2 & "UN1? "! >E TWO GRANUL>
SEM9AL BODIES 9 JUXTA-POSI;N )! GUT4 ,^!
>E ! ORGANS (! MALE4 ,! FEMALE HAS R$-
COL\R$ E7S1 : >E ADJAC5T 6! /OMA* & 6EA*
SIDE (! GUT ALL AL;G 6! FLE%Y "PS1 2+
5VELOP$ 9 A ?9 MEMBRANE4
  ,S* >E ! "PS1 9T]NAL & EXT]NAL1 (!
C>ID4
                   #C
  ,! 9N] ORGANS ( SANGU9E\S ANIMALS
HAPP5 6H SPECIFIC DESIGN,NS2 = ^!
ANIMALS H 9 ALL CASES ! 9N] VISC]A1 B ?
IS N ! CASE )! BLOOD.S ANIMALS1 B :AT !Y
H 9 -MON ) R$-BLOOD$ ANIMALS IS ! /OMA*1
! OESOPHAGUS1 &! GUT4
  ,) REG>D 6! CRAB1 X HAS ALR BE5 /AT$ T
X HAS CLAWS & FEET1 & _! POSI;N HAS BE5
SET =?2 FUR!RMORE1 =! MO/ "P !Y H ! "R
CLAW BI7] & /R;G] ?AN ! LEFT4 ,X HAS AL
BE5 /AT$0' T 9 G5]AL ! EYES (! CRAB LOOK
SIDEWAYS4 ,FUR!R1 ! TRUNK (! CRAB'S BODY
IS S+LE & UNDIVID$1 9CLUD+ XS H1D & ANY
O!R "P X MAY POSSESS4 ,"S CRABS H EYES
PLAC$ SIDEWAYS ON ! UPP] "P1 IMMLY "U !
BACK1 & /&+ A L;G WAY A"P1 & "S H _!
EYES 9 ! C5TRE & CLOSE TGR1 L ! CRABS (
,H]ACLEOTIS &! S-CALL$ ,8GRANNIES0'4 ,!
M\? LIES "UN1? ! EYES1 & 9SIDE X "! >E
TWO TEE?1 Z IS ! CASE )! CRAWFI%1 ONLY T
9 ! CRAB ! TEE? >E N R.D$ B L;G2 & OV] !
TEE? >E TWO LIDS1 & 9 2TWIXT !M >E
/RUCTURES S* Z ! CRAWFI% HAS 2SS XS
TEE?4 ,! CRAB TAKES 9 WAT] NE> 0! M\?1
US+ ! LIDS Z A *ECK 6! 9FL[1 & 4*>GES !
WAT] 0TWO PASSAGES ABV ! M\?1 CLOS+
0M1NS (! LIDS ! WAY 0: X 5T]$2 &! TWO
PASSAGE-WAYS >E "UN1? ! EYES4 ,:5 X HAS
TAK5 9 WAT] X CLOSES XS M\? 0M1NS ( BO?
LIDS1 & EJECTS ! WAT] 9 ! WAY ABV
DESCRIB$4 ,NEXT AF ! TEE? -ES !
OESOPHAGUS1 V %ORT1 S %ORT 9 FACT T !
/OMA* SEEMS 6-E /RAI<TWAY AF ! M\?4
,NEXT AF ! OESOPHAGUS -ES ! /OMA*1 TWO-
HORN$1 6! C5TRE ( : IS ATTA*$ A SIMPLE &
DELICATE GUT2 &! GUT T]M9ATES \TW>DS1 AT
! OP]CULUM1 Z HAS BE5 PREVI\SLY /AT$4
7,! CRAB HAS ! "PS 9 2T ! LIDS 9 !
NEI<B\RHOOD (! TEE? SIMIL> 6! SAME "PS 9
! CRAWFI%47 ,9SIDE ! TRUNK IS A SALL[
JUICE & "S FEW LL BODIES1 L;G & :ITE1 &
O!RS SPOTT$ R$4 ,! MALE DI6]S F ! FEMALE
9 SIZE & BR1D?1 & 9 RESPECT (! V5TRAL
FLAP2 = ? IS L>G] 9 ! FEMALE ?AN 9 !
MALE1 & /&S \ FUR!R F ! TRUNK1 & IS M
HAIRY 7Z IS ! CASE AL )! FEMALE 9 !
CRAWFI%74
  ,S M*1 !N1 =! ORGANS (! MALACO/RACA OR
CRU/ACEA4

                   #D
  ,)! O/RACOD]MA1 OR TE/AC1NS1 S* Z !
L&-SNAILS &! SEA-SNAILS1 & ALL !
,8OY/]S0' S-CALL$1 & AL )! SEA-UR*9
G5US1 ! FLE%Y "P1 9 S* Z H FLE%1 IS
SIMIL>LY SITUAT$ 6! FLE%Y "P 9 !
CRU/AC1NS2 9 O!R ^WS1 X IS 9SIDE !
ANIMAL1 &! %ELL IS \TSIDE1 & "! IS NO
H>D SUB/.E 9 ! 9T]IOR4 ,Z -P>$ ) "O
ANO!R ! TE/AC1NS PRES5T _M DIV]SITIES
BO? 9 REG>D 6_! %ELLS & 6! FLE% )94 ,"S
( !M H NO FLE% AT ALL1 Z ! SEA-UR*92
O!RS H FLE%1 B X IS 9SIDE & :OLLY HI451
EXCEPT ! H1D1 Z 9 ! L&-SNAILS1 &! S-
CALL$ COCALIA1 &1 AM;G PELAGIC ANIMALS1
9 ! PURPLE MUREX1 ! C]YX OR TRUMPET-
%ELL1 ! SEA-SNAIL1 &! SPIRAL-%AP$
TE/AC1NS 9 G5]AL4 ,(! RE/1 "S >E BIVALV$
& "S UNIVALV$2 & BY ,8BIVALVES0' ,I M1N
S* Z >E 5CLOS$ )9 TWO %ELLS1 & BY
,8UNIVALV$0' S* Z >E 5CLOS$ )9 A S+LE
%ELL1 & 9 ^! LA/ ! FLE%Y "P IS EXPOS$1 Z
9 ! CASE (! LIMPET4 ,(! BIVALVES1 "S C
OP5 \1 L ! SCALLOP &! MUSSEL2 = ALL S*
%ELLS >E GR[N TGR ON "O SIDE & >E
SEP>ATE ON ! O!R1 S Z 6OP5 & %UT4 ,O!R
BIVALVES >E CLOS$ ON BO? SIDES ALIKE1 L
! SOL5 OR RAZOR-FI%4 ,"S TE/AC1NS "! >E1
T >E 5TIRELY 5VELOP$ 9 %ELL & EXPOSE NO
POR;N ( _! FLE% \TSIDE1 Z ! TE?YA OR
ASCIDIANS4
  ,AG1 9 REG>D 6! %ELLS !MVS1 ! TE/AC1NS
PRES5T DI6];ES :5 -P>$ ) "O ANO!R4 ,"S
>E SMOO?-%ELL$1 L ! SOL51 ! MUSSEL1 & "S
CLAMS1 VIZ4 ^? T >E NICK"ND
,8MILK%ELLS0'1 :ILE O!RS >E R\<-%ELL$1
S* Z ! POOL-OY/] OR $I# OY/]1 ! P9NA1 &
C]TA9 SPECIES ( COCKLES1 &! TRUMPET
%ELLS2 &( ^! "S >E RI2$1 S* Z ! SCALLOP
&A C]TA9 K9D ( CLAM OR COCKLE1 & "S >E
DEVOID ( RIBS1 Z ! P9NA & ANO!R SPECIES
( CLAM4 ,TE/AC1NS AL DI6] F "O ANO!R 9
REG>D 6! ?ICK;S OR ?9;S ( _! %ELL1 BO? Z
REG>DS ! %ELL 9 XS 5TIRETY & Z REG>DS
SPECIFIC "PS (! %ELL1 = 9/.E1 ! LIPS2 =
"S H ?9-LIPP$ %ELLS1 L ! MUSSEL1 & O!RS
H ?ICK-LIPP$ %ELLS1 L ! OY/]4 ,A PROP]TY
-MON 6! ABV M5;N$1 &1 9 FACT1 6ALL
TE/AC1NS1 IS ! SMOO?;S ( _! %ELLS 9SIDE4
,"S AL >E CAPA# ( MO;N1 L ! SCALLOP1 &
9DE$ "S AV] T SCALLOPS C ACTU,Y FLY1 [+
6! CIRCUM/.E T !Y (T5 JUMP "R \ (!
APP>ATUS 0M1NS ( : !Y >E CAU<T2 O!RS >E
9CAPA# ( MO;N & >E ATTA*$ FA/ 6"S
EXT]NAL OBJECT1 Z IS ! CASE )! P9NA4
,ALL ! SPIRAL-%AP$ TE/AC1NS C MOVE &
CREEP1 & EV5 ! LIMPET RELAXES XS HOLD 6G
9 QUE/ ( FOOD4 ,9 ! CASE (! UNIVALVES &!
BIVALVES1 ! FLE%Y SUB/.E AD"HS 6! %ELL S
T5ACI\SLY T X C ONLY 2 REMOV$ 0AN EF=T2
9 ! CASE (! /ROMBOIDS1 X IS M LOOSELY
ATTA*$4 ,&A PECULI>;Y ( ALL ! /ROMBOIDS
IS ! SPIRAL TWI/ (! %ELL 9 ! "P F>!/
AWAY F ! H1D2 !Y >E AL FURNI%$ F BIR? )
AN OP]CULUM4 ,&1 FUR!R1 ALL /ROMBOID
TE/AC1NS H _! %ELLS ON ! "R H& SIDE1 &
MOVE N 9 ! DIREC;N (! SPIRE1 B !
OPPOSITE WAY4 ,S* >E ! DIV]SITIES OBS]V$
9 ! EXT]NAL "PS ( ^! ANIMALS4
  ,! 9T]NAL /RUCTURE IS ALM ! SAME 9 ALL
^! CR1TURES1 & 9 ! /ROMBOIDS ESPECI,Y2 =
X IS 9 SIZE T ^! LATT] DI6] F "O ANO!R1
& 9 A3ID5TS (! NATURE ( EXCESS OR
DEFECT4 ,& "! IS N M* DI6];E 2T MO/ (!
UNIVALVES & BIVALVES2 B1 :ILE ^? T OP5 &
%UT DI6] F "O ANO!R B SLI<TLY1 !Y DI6]
3SID]ABLY F S* Z >E 9CAPA# ( MO;N4 ,& ?
W 2 ILLU/RAT$ M SATISFACTORILY "HAF4
  ,! SPIRAL-%AP$ TE/AC1NS >E ALL
SIMIL>LY 3/RUCT$1 B DI6] F "O ANO!R1 Z
HAS BE5 SD1 9 ! WAY ( EXCESS OR DEFECT
7=! L>G] SPECIES H L>G] & M 3SPICU\S
ORGANS1 &! SMALL] H SMALL] & LESS
3SPICU\S71 &1 FUR!RMORE1 9 RELATIVE
H>D;S OR S(T;S1 & 9 O!R S* A3ID5TS OR
PROP]TIES4 ,ALL ! /ROMBOIDS1 = 9/.E1 H !
FLE% T EXTRUDES F ! M\? (! %ELL1 H>D &
/IFF2 "S M1 & "S LESS4 ,F ! MI4LE ( ?
PROTRUDES ! H1D & TWO HORNS1 & ^! HORNS
>E L>GE 9 ! L>GE SPECIES1 B EXCE$+LY
M9UTE 9 ! SMALL] "OS4 ,! H1D PROTRUDES F
!M ALL 9 ! SAME WAY2 &1 IF ! ANIMAL 2
AL>M$1 ! H1D DRAWS 9 AG4 ,"S ( ^!
CR1TURES H A M\? & TEE?1 Z ! SNAIL2 TEE?
%>P1 & SMALL1 & DELICATE4 ,!Y H AL A
PROBOSCIS J L T (! FLY2 &! PROBOSCIS IS
T;GUE-%AP$4 ,! C]YX &! PURPLE MUREX H ?
ORGAN FIRM & SOLID2 & J Z ! MYOPS1 OR
HORSE-FLY1 &! OE/RUS1 OR GADFLY1 C PI]CE
! SK9 (A QUADRUP$1 S IS T PROBOSCIS
PROPOR;NATELY /R;G] 9 ^! TE/AC1NS2 = !Y
BORE "R "? ! %ELLS ( O!R %ELL-FI% ON :
!Y PREY4 ,! /OMA* FOLL[S CLOSE ^U ! M\?1
&1 0! WAY1 ? ORGAN 9 ! SNAIL RESEM#S A
BIRD'S CROP4 ,"UN1? -E TWO :ITE FIRM
=M,NS1 MA/OID OR PAPILL>Y 9 =M2 & SIMIL>
=M,NS >E F.D 9 ! CUTTLE-FI% AL1 ONLY T
!Y >E (A FIRM] 3SI/5CY 9 ! CUTTLE-FI%4
,AF ! /OMA* -ES AN OESOPHAGUS1 SIMPLE &
L;G1 EXT5D+ 6! POPPY OR QUASI-LIV]1 : IS
9 ! 9N]MO/ RECESS (! %ELL4 ,ALL ^!
/ATE;TS MAY 2 V]IFI$ 9 ! CASE (! PURPLE
MUREX &! C]YX 0OBS]V,N )9 ! :ORL (!
%ELL4 ,:AT -ES NEXT 6! OESOPHAGUS IS !
GUT2 9 FACT1 ! GUT IS 3T9U\S )!
OESOPHAGUS1 & RUNS XS :OLE L5G?
UNCOMPLICAT$ 6! \TLET (! RESIDUUM4 ,!
GUT HAS XS PO9T ( ORIG9 9 ! REGION (!
COIL (! MECON1 OR S-CALL$ ,8POPPY0'1 &
IS WID] "HABS 7= REMEMB]1 ! MECON IS =!
MO/ "P A SORT ( EXCRE;N 9 ALL TE/AC1NS72
X !N TAKES A B5D & RUNS UP AG T[>DS !
FLE%Y "P1 & T]M9ATES 0! SIDE (! H1D1 ":
! ANIMAL 4*>GES XS RESIDUUM2 & ? HOLDS
GD 9 ! CASE ( ALL /ROMBOID TE/AC1NS1
:E!R T]RE/RIAL OR M>9E4 ,F ! /OMA* "! IS
DRAWN 9 A P>ALLEL DIREC;N )! OESOPHAGUS1
9 ! L>G] SNAILS1 A L;G :ITE DUCT 5VELOP$
9 A MEMBRANE1 RESEMBL+ 9 COL\R ! MA/OID
=M,NS HI<] UP2 & 9 X >E NICKS OR
9T]RUP;NS1 Z 9 ! EGG-MASS (! CRAWFI%1
ONLY1 0! WAY1 ! DUCT ( : WE >E TR1T+ IS
:ITE &! EGG-MASS (! CRAWFI% IS R$4 ,?
=M,N HAS NO \TLET NOR DUCT1 B IS 5VELOP$
9 A ?9 MEMBRANE )A N>R[ CAV;Y 9 XS
9T]IOR4 ,& F ! GUT D[NW>D EXT5D BLACK &
R\< =M,NS1 9 CLOSE 3NEXION1 "S?+ L !
=M,NS 9 ! TORTOISE1 ONLY N S BLACK4
,M>9E SNAILS1 AL1 H ^! =M,NS1 &! :ITE
"OS1 ONLY T ! =M,NS >E SMALL] 9 ! SMALL]
SPECIES4
  ,! NON-SPIRAL UNIVALVES & BIVALVES >E
9 "S RESPECT SIMIL> 9 3/RUC;N1 & 9 "S
RESPECTS 4SIMIL>1 6! SPIRAL TE/AC1NS4
,!Y ALL H A H1D & HORNS1 &A M\?1 &!
ORGAN RESEMBL+ A T;GUE2 B ^! ORGANS1 9 !
SMALL] SPECIES1 >E 9DISC]NI# [+ 6!
M9UTE;S ( ^! ANIMALS1 & "S >E 9DISC]NI#
EV5 9 ! L>G] SPECIES :5 D1D1 OR :5 AT
RE/ & MO;N.S4 ,!Y ALL H ! MECON1 OR
POPPY1 B N ALL 9 ! SAME PLACE1 NOR (
EQUAL SIZE1 NOR SIMIL>LY OP5 6OBS]V,N2
?US1 ! LIMPETS H ? ORGAN DEEP D[N 9 !
BOTTOM (! %ELL1 &! BIVALVES AT ! H+E
3NECT+ ! TWO VALVES4 ,!Y AL H 9 ALL
CASES ! HAIRY GR[?S OR BE>DS1 9 A
CIRCUL> =M1 Z 9 ! SCALLOPS4 ,&1 ) REG>D
6! S-CALL$ ,8EGG0'1 9 ^? T H X1 :5 !Y H
X1 X IS SITUAT$ 9 "O (! SEMI-CIRCLES (!
P]IPH]Y1 Z IS ! CASE )! :ITE =M,N 9 !
SNAIL2 = ? :ITE =M,N 9 ! SNAIL
CORRESPONDS 6! S-CALL$ EGG ( : WE >E
SP1K+4 ,B ALL ^! ORGANS1 Z HAS BE5 /AT$1
>E 4T9CTLY TRACEA# 9 ! L>G] SPECIES1
:ILE 9 ! SMALL "OS !Y >E 9 "S CASES ALM1
& 9 O!RS ALT1 9DISC]NI#4 ,H;E !Y >E MO/
PLA9LY VISI# 9 ! L>GE SCALLOPS2 & ^! >E
! BIVALVES T H "O VALVE FLAT-%AP$1 L !
LID (A POT4 ,! \TLET (! EXCRE;N IS 9 ALL
^! ANIMALS 7SAVE =! EXCEP;N 6BE AFWS
RELAT$7 ON "O SIDE2 = "! IS A PASSAGE
":BY ! EXCRE;N PASSES \4 7,&1 REMEMB]1 !
MECON OR POPPY1 Z HAS BE5 /AT$1 IS AN
EXCRE;N 9 ALL ^! ANIMALS-AN EXCRE;N
5VELOP$ 9 A MEMBRANE47 ,! S-CALL$ EGG
HAS NO \TLET 9 ANY ( ^! CR1TURES1 B IS
M]ELY AN EXCRESC;E 9 ! FLE%Y MASS2 & X
IS N SITUAT$ 9 ! SAME REGION )! GUT1 B !
,8EGG0' IS SITUAT$ ON ! "R-H& SIDE &!
GUT ON ! LEFT4 ,S* >E ! REL,NS (! ANAL
V5T 9 MO/ ( ^! ANIMALS2 B 9 ! CASE (!
WILD LIMPET 7CALL$ 0"S ! ,8SEA-E>0'71 !
RESIDUUM ISSUES 2N ! %ELL1 =! %ELL IS
P]=AT$ 6GIVE AN \TLET4 ,9 ? "PICUL>
LIMPET ! /OMA* IS SE5 -+ AF ! M\?1 &!
EGG-%AP$ =M,NS >E 4C]NI#4 ,B =! RELATIVE
POSI;NS ( ^! "PS Y >E REF]R$ 6MY
,TR1TISE ON ,ANATOMY4
  ,! S-CALL$ C>C9IUM OR H]MIT CRAB IS 9
A WAY 9T]M$IATE 2T ! CRU/AC1NS &!
TE/AC1NS4 ,9 XS NATURE X RESEM#S !
CRAWFI% K9D1 & X IS BORN SIMPLE ( XF1 B
0XS HABIT ( 9TRODUC+ XF 96A %ELL & LIV+
"! X RESEM#S ! TE/AC1NS1 & S APPE>S
6P>TAKE (! "*S ( BO? K9DS4 ,9 %APE1
6GIVE A SIMPLE ILLU/R,N1 X RESEM#S A
SPID]1 ONLY T ! "P 2L ! H1D & ?ORAX IS
L>G] 9 ? CR1TURE ?AN 9 ! SPID]4 ,X HAS
TWO ?9 R$ HORNS1 & "UN1? ^! HORNS TWO
L;G EYES1 N RETR1T+ 9W>DS1 NOR TURN+
SIDEWAYS L ! EYES (! CRAB1 B PROTRUD+
/RAI<T \2 & "UN1? ^! EYES ! M\?1 & R.D
AB ! M\? S"EAL HAIR-L GR[?S1 & NEXT AF
^! TWO BIFURCATE LEGS OR CLAWS1 ":BY X
DRAWS 9 OBJECTS T[>DS XF1 & TWO O!R LEGS
ON EI SIDE1 &A ?IRD SMALL "O4 ,ALL 2L !
?ORAX IS S(T1 & :5 OP5$ 9 4SEC;N IS F.D
6BE SALL[-COL\R$ )94 ,F ! M\? "! RUNS A
S+LE PASSAGE "R ON 6! /OMA*1 B ! PASSAGE
=! EXCRE;NS IS N 4C]NI#4 ,! LEGS &!
?ORAX >E H>D1 B N S H>D Z ! LEGS &!
?ORAX (! CRAB4 ,X DOES N AD"H 6XS %ELL L
! PURPLE MUREX &! C]YX1 B C EASILY SLIP
\ ( X4 ,X IS L;G] :5 F.D 9 ! %ELL (!
/ROMBOIDS ?AN :5 F.D 9 ! %ELL (! N]ITAE4
  ,&1 0! WAY1 ! ANIMAL F.D 9 ! %ELL (!
N]ITAE IS A SEP>ATE SPECIES1 L 6! O!R 9
MO/ RESPECTS2 B ( XS BIFURCATE FEET OR
CLAWS1 ! "R-H& "O IS SMALL &! LEFT-H& "O
IS L>GE1 & X PROGRESSES *IEFLY 0! AID (
? LATT] & L>G] "O4 7,IN ! %ELLS ( ^!
ANIMALS1 & 9 C]TA9 O!RS1 "! IS F.D A
P>ASITE ^: MODE ( ATTA*;T IS SIMIL>4 ,!
"PICUL> "O : WE H J DESCRIB$ IS "ND !
CYLL>US47
  ,! N]ITES HAS A SMOO? L>GE R.D %ELL1 &
RESEM#S ! C]YX 9 %APE1 ONLY ! POPPY-
JUICE IS1 9 XS CASE1 N BLACK B R$4 ,X
CL+S ) GRT =CE NE> ! MI4LE4 ,9 CALM
W1!R1 !N1 !Y G FREE AFIELD1 B :5 ! W9D
BL[S ! C>C9IA TAKE %ELT] AG/ ! ROCKS3 !
N]ITAE !MVS CL+ FA/ L LIMPETS2 &! SAME
IS ! CASE )! HAEMORRHOID OR APORRHAID &
ALL O!RS (! L K9D4 ,&1 0! WAY1 !Y CL+ 6!
ROCK1 :5 !Y TURN BACK _! OP]CULUM1 = ?
OP]CULUM SEEMS L A LID2 9 FACT ?
/RUCTURE REPRES5TS ! "O "P1 9 !
/ROMBOIDS1 ( T : 9 ! BIVALVES IS A
DUPLICATE %ELL4 ,! 9T]IOR (! ANIMAL IS
FLE%Y1 &! M\? IS 9SIDE4 ,& X IS ! SAME )
! HAEMORRHOID1 ! PURPLE MUREX1 & ALL
S*LIKE ANIMALS4
  ,S* (! LL CRABS Z H ! LEFT FOOT OR
CLAW ! BI7] (! TWO >E F.D 9 ! N]ITAE1 B
N 9 ! /ROMBOIDS4 >E "S SNAIL-%ELLS : H
9SIDE !M CR1TURES RESEMBL+ ^? LL CRAYFI%
T >E AL F.D 9 FRE% WAT]4 ,^! CR1TURES1
H["E1 DI6] 9 HAV+ ! "P 9SIDE ! %ELLS ,B
Z 6! "*S1 Y >E REF]R$ 6MY ,TR1TISE ON
,ANATOMY4
                   #E
  ,! UR*9S >E DEVOID ( FLE%1 & ? IS A "*
PECULI> 6!M2 & :ILE !Y >E 9 ALL CASES
EMPTY & DEVOID ( ANY FLE% )91 !Y >E 9
ALL CASES FURNI%$ )! BLACK =M,NS4 ,"! >E
S"EAL SPECIES (! UR*91 & "O ( ^! IS T :
IS MADE USE (= FOOD2 ? IS ! K9D 9 : >E
F.D ! S-CALL$ E7S1 L>GE & $I#1 9 ! L>G]
& SMALL] SPECIM5S ALIKE2 = EV5 :5 Z YET
V SMALL !Y >E PROVID$ ) !M4 ,"! >E TWO
O!R SPECIES1 ! SPATANGUS1 &! S-CALL$
BRYSSUS1 ^! ANIMALS >E PELAGIC & SC>CE4
,FUR!R1 "! >E ! E*9OMETRAE1 OR ,8"M-
UR*9S0'1 ! L>GE/ 9 SIZE ( ALL ! SPECIES4
,9 A4I;N 6^! "! IS ANO!R SPECIES1 SMALL
9 SIZE1 B FURNI%$ ) L>GE H>D SP9ES2 X
LIVES 9 ! SEA AT A DEP? ( S"EAL FA?OMS2
& IS US$ 0"S P Z A SPECIFIC = CASES (
/RANGURY4 ,9 ! NEI<B\RHOOD ( ,TOR"O "!
>E SEA-UR*9S (A :ITE COL\R1 %ELLS1
SP9ES1 E7S & ALL1 & T >E L;G] ?AN !
ORD9>Y SEA-UR*94 ,! SP9E 9 ? SPECIES IS
N L>GE NOR /R;G1 B R LIMP2 &! BLACK
=M,NS 9 3NEXION )! M\? >E M ?AN USU,Y
NUM]\S1 & -MUNICATE )! EXT]NAL DUCT1 B N
) "O ANO!R2 9 PO9T ( FACT1 ! ANIMAL IS 9
A MANN] DIVID$ UP 0!M4 ,! $I# UR*9 MOVES
) GRTE/ FREEDOM & MO/ (T52 & ? IS
9DICAT$ 0! FACT T ^! UR*9S H ALW "S?+ OR
O!R ON _! SP9ES4
  ,ALL UR*9S >E SUPPLI$ ) E7S1 B 9 "S (!
SPECIES ! E7S >E EXCE$+LY SMALL & UNFIT
= FOOD4 ,S+UL>LY 5\<1 ! UR*9 HAS :AT WE
MAY CALL XS H1D & M\? D[N 2L1 &A PLACE =
! ISSUE (! RESIDUUM UP ABV2 7& ? SAME
PROP]TY IS -MON 6ALL /ROMBOIDS &
6LIMPETS74 ,=! FOOD ON : ! CR1TURE LIVES
LIES D[N 2L2 3SEQU5TLY ! M\? HAS A
POSI;N WELL ADAPT$ = GETT+ AT ! FOOD1 &!
EXCRE;N IS ABV1 NE> 6! BACK (! %ELL4 ,!
UR*9 HAS1 AL1 FIVE HOLL[ TEE? 9SIDE1 & 9
! MI4LE ( ^! TEE? A FLE%Y SUB/.E S]V+ !
(FICE (A T;GUE4 ,NEXT 6? -ES !
OESOPHAGUS1 & !N ! /OMA*1 DIVID$ 96FIVE
"PS1 & FILL$ ) EXCRE;N1 ALL ! FIVE "PS
UNIT+ AT ! ANAL V5T1 ": ! %ELL IS P]=AT$
= AN \TLET4 ,"UN1? ! /OMA*1 9 ANO!R
MEMBRANE1 >E ! S-CALL$ E7S1 ID5TICAL 9
NUMB] 9 ALL CASES1 & T NUMB] IS ALW AN
ODD NUMB]1 6WIT FIVE4 ,UP ABV1 ! BLACK
=M,NS >E ATTA*$ 6! />T+-PO9T (! TEE?1 &
!Y >E BITT] 6! TA/E1 & UNFIT = FOOD4 ,A
SIMIL> OR AT L1/ AN ANALOG\S =M,N IS F.D
9 _M ANIMALS2 Z1 = 9/.E1 9 ! TORTOISE1 !
TOAD1 ! FROG1 ! /ROMBOIDS1 &1 G5],Y1 9 !
MOLLUSCS2 B ! =M,N V>IES "H & "! 9
COL\R1 & 9 ALL CASES IS ALT UNEATA#1 OR
M OR LESS UNPALATA#4 ,9 R1L;Y ! M\?-
APP>ATUS (! UR*9 IS 3T9U\S F "O 5D 6!
O!R1 B 6\TW>D APPE>.E X IS N S1 B LOOKS
L A HORN LANT]N )! PANES ( HORN LEFT \4
,! UR*9 USES XS SP9ES Z FEET2 = X RE/S
XS WEI<T ON ^!1 & !N MOV+ %IFTS F PLACE
6PLACE4
                   #F
  ,! S-CALL$ TE?YUM OR ASCIDIAN HAS (
ALL ^! ANIMALS ! MO/ REM>KA# "*I/ICS4 ,X
IS ! ONLY MOLLUSC T HAS XS 5TIRE BODY
3C1L$ )9 XS %ELL1 &! %ELL IS A SUB/.E
9T]M$IATE 2T HIDE & %ELL1 S T X CUTS L A
PIECE ( H>D L1!R4 ,X IS ATTA*$ 6ROCKS
0XS %ELL1 & IS PROVID$ ) TWO PASSAGES
PLAC$ AT A 4T.E F "O ANO!R1 V M9UTE &
H>D 6SEE1 ":BY X ADMITS & 4*>GES ! SEA-
WAT]2 = X HAS NO VISI# EXCRE;N 7":AS (
%ELL FI% 9 G5]AL "S RESEM# ! UR*9 9 ?
MATT] ( EXCRE;N1 & O!RS >E PROVID$ )! S-
CALL$ MECON1 OR POPPY-JUICE74 ,IF !
ANIMAL 2 OP5$1 X IS F.D 6H1 9 ! F/
PLACE1 A T5D9\S MEMBRANE RUNN+ R.D 9SIDE
! %ELL-L SUB/.E1 & )9 ? MEMBRANE IS !
FLE%-L SUB/.E (! ASCIDIAN1 N RESEMBL+ T
9 O!R MOLLUSCS2 B ? FLE%1 6: ,I N[
ALLUDE1 IS ! SAME 9 ALL ASCIDIA4 ,& ?
SUB/.E IS ATTA*$ 9 TWO PLACES 6!
MEMBRANE &! SK91 OBLIQUELY2 & AT ! PO9T
( ATTA*;T ! SPACE IS N>R[$ F SIDE 6SIDE1
": ! FLE%Y SUB/.E /RET*ES T[>DS !
PASSAGES T L1D \TW>DS "? ! %ELL2 & "H X
4*>GES & ADMITS FOOD & LIQUID MATT]1 J Z
X WD IF "O (! PASSAGES 7 A M\? &! O!R AN
ANAL V5T2 & "O (! PASSAGES IS "S:AT WID]
?AN ! O!R ,9SIDE X HAS A PAIR (
CAVITIES1 "O ON EI SIDE1 A SMALL "PI;N
SEP>AT+ !M2 & "O ( ^! TWO CAVITIES 3TA9S
! LIQUID4 ,! CR1TURE HAS NO O!R ORGAN
:E!R MOTOR OR S5SORY1 NOR1 Z 0 SD 9 !
CASE (! O!RS1 IS X FURNI%$ ) ANY ORGAN
3NECT$ ) EXCRE;N1 Z O!R %ELL-FI% >E4 ,!
COL\R (! ASCIDIAN IS 9 "S CASES SALL[1 &
9 O!R CASES R$4
  ,"! IS1 FUR!RMORE1 ! G5US (! SEA-
NETTLES1 PECULI> 9 XS WAY4 ,! SEA-
NETTLE1 OR SEA-ANEMONE1 CL+S 6ROCKS L
C]TA9 (! TE/AC1NS1 B AT "TS RELAXES XS
HOLD4 ,X HAS NO %ELL1 B XS 5TIRE BODY IS
FLE%Y4 ,X IS S5SITIVE 6T\*1 &1 IF Y PUT
YR H& 6X1 X W SEIZE & CL+ 6X1 Z !
CUTTLEFI% WD D ) XS FEEL]S1 & 9 S* A WAY
Z 6MAKE ! FLE% ( YR H& SWELL UP4 ,XS M\?
IS 9 ! C5TRE ( XS BODY1 & X LIVES ADH]+
6! ROCK Z AN OY/] 6XS %ELL4 ,IF ANY LL
FI% -E UP AG/ X X X CL+S 6X2 9 FACT1 J Z
,I DESCRIB$ X ABV Z DO+ 6YR H&1 S X DOES
6ANY?+ $I# T -ES 9 XS WAY2 & X FE$S ^U
SEA-UR*9S & SCALLOPS4 ,ANO!R SPECIES (!
SEA-NETTLE ROAMS FREELY ABROAD4 ,! SEA-
NETTLE APPE>S 6BE DEVOID ALT ( EXCRE;N1
& 9 ? RESPECT X RESEM#S A PLANT4
  ,( SEA-NETTLES "! >E TWO SPECIES1 !
LESS] & M $I#1 &! L>GE H>D "OS1 S* Z >E
F.D 9 ! NEI<B\RHOOD ( ,*ALCIS4 ,9 W9T]
"T _! FLE% IS FIRM1 & ACLY !Y >E S"\ AF
Z >TICLES ( FOOD1 B 9 SUMM] W1!R !Y >E
WOR?.S1 = !Y 2COME ?9 & WAT]Y1 & IF Y
CAT* AT !M !Y BR1K AT ONCE 96BITS1 & _C
2 TAK5 (F ! ROCKS 5TIRE2 & 2+ OPPRESS$
0! H1T !Y T5D 6SLIP BACK 96! CREVICES (!
ROCKS4
  ,S M* =! EXT]NAL &! 9T]NAL ORGANS (
MOLLUSCS1 CRU/AC1NS1 & TE/AC1NS4
                   #G
  ,WE N[ PROCE$ 6TR1T ( 9SECTS 9 L
MANN]4 ,? G5US -PRISES _M SPECIES1 &1
?\< S"EAL K9DS >E CLE>LY RELAT$ 6"O
ANO!R1 ^! >E N CLASSIFI$ "U "O -MON
DESIGN,N1 Z 9 ! CASE (! BEE1 ! DR"O1 !
WASP1 & ALL S* 9SECTS1 & AG Z 9 ! CASE (
^? T H _! W+S 9 A %1? OR %>D1 L !
COCK*AF]1 ! C>ABUS OR /AG-BEETLE1 !
CAN?>IS OR BLI/]-BEETLE1 &! L4
  ,9SECTS H ?REE "PS -MON 6!M ALL2 !
H1D1 ! TRUNK 3TA9+ ! /OMA*1 &A ?IRD "P 9
2TWIXT ^! TWO1 CORRESPOND+ 6:AT 9 O!R
CR1TURES EMBRACES *E/ & BACK4 ,9 !
MAJOR;Y ( 9SECTS ? 9T]M$IATE "P IS S+LE2
B 9 ! L;G & MULTIP$AL 9SECTS X HAS
PRACTIC,Y ! SAME NUMB] ( SEG;TS Z (
NICKS4
  ,ALL 9SECTS :5 CUT 9 TWO 3T9UE 6LIVE1
EXCEPT+ S* Z >E NATUR,Y COLD 0NATURE1 OR
S* Z F _! M9UTE SIZE *ILL RAPIDLY2 ?\<1
0! WAY1 WASPS NOT)/&+ _! SMALL SIZE
3T9UE LIV+ AF S"E.E4 ,9 3JUNC;N )! MI4LE
POR;N EI ! H1D OR ! /OMA* C LIVE1 B !
H1D _C LIVE 0XF4 ,9SECTS T >E L;G 9 %APE
& _M-FOOT$ C LIVE =A L;G :ILE AF 2+ CUT
9 TWA91 &! S"E$ POR;NS C MOVE 9 EI
DIREC;N1 BACKW>DS OR =W>DS2 ?US1 ! H9D]
POR;N1 IF CUT (F1 C CRAWL EI 9 ! DIREC;N
(! SEC;N OR 9 ! DIREC;N (! TAIL1 Z IS
OBS]V$ 9 ! SCOLOP5DRA4
  ,ALL 9SECTS H EYES1 B NO O!R ORGAN (
S5SE 4C]NI#1 EXCEPT T "S 9SECTS H A K9D
(A T;GUE CORRESPOND+ 6A SIMIL> ORGAN
-MON 6ALL TE/AC1NS2 & 0? ORGAN S* 9SECTS
TA/E & IMBIBE _! FOOD4 ,9 "S 9SECTS ?
ORGAN IS S(T2 9 O!R 9SECTS X IS FIRM2 Z
X IS1 0! WAY1 9 ! PURPLE-FI%1 AM;G
TE/AC1NS4 ,9 ! HORSEFLY &! GADFLY ?
ORGAN IS H>D1 & 9DE$ X IS H>D 9 MO/
9SECTS4 ,9 PO9T ( FACT1 S* 9SECTS Z H NO
/+ 9 ! RE> USE ? ORGAN Z A W1PON1 7&1 0!
WAY1 S* 9SECTS Z >E PROVID$ ) ? ORGAN >E
UNPROVID$ ) TEE?1 )! EXCEP;N (A FEW
9SECTS72 ! FLY 0A T\* C DRAW BLOOD ) ?
ORGAN1 &! GNAT C PRICK OR /+ ) X4
  ,C]TA9 9SECTS >E FURNI%$ ) PRICK]S OR
/+S4 ,"S 9SECTS H ! /+ 9SIDE1 Z ! BEE &!
WASP1 O!RS \TSIDE1 Z ! SCORPION2 &1 0!
WAY1 ? IS ! ONLY 9SECT FURNI%$ )A L;G
TAIL4 ,&1 FUR!R1 ! SCORPION IS FURNI%$ )
CLAWS1 Z IS AL ! CR1TURE RESEMBL+ A
SCORPION F.D )9 ! PAGES ( BOOKS4
  ,9 A4I;N 6_! O!R ORGANS1 FLY+ 9SECTS
>E FURNI%$ ) W+S4 ,"S 9SECTS >E DIPT]\S
OR D\#-W+$1 Z ! FLY2 O!RS >E TETRAPT]\S
OR FURNI%$ ) F\R W+S1 Z ! BEE2 &1 0!
WAY1 NO 9SECT ) ONLY TWO W+S HAS A /+ 9
! RE>4 ,AG1 "S W+$ 9SECTS H A %1? OR %>D
= _! W+S1 Z ! COCK*AF]2 ":AS 9 O!RS !
W+S >E UN%1!D1 Z 9 ! BEE4 ,B 9 ! CASE (
ALL ALIKE1 FLI<T IS 9 NO WAY MODIFI$
0TAIL-/E]AGE1 &! W+ IS DEVOID ( QUILL-
/RUCTURE OR DIVI.N ( ANY K9D4
  ,AG1 "S 9SECTS H ANT5NAE 9 FRONT ( _!
EYES1 Z ! BUTT]FLY &! HORN$ BEETLE4 ,S*
( !M Z H ! P[] ( JUMP+ H ! H9D] LEGS !
L;G]2 & ^! L;G H9D-LEGS ":BY !Y JUMP B5D
BACKW>DS L ! H9D-LEGS ( QUADRUP$S4 ,ALL
9SECTS H ! BELLY DI6]5T F ! BACK2 Z1 9
FACT1 IS ! CASE ) ALL ANIMALS4 ,! FLE% (
AN 9SECT'S BODY IS NEI %ELL-L NOR IS X L
! 9T]NAL SUB/.E ( %ELL-COV]$ ANIMALS1
NOR IS X L FLE% 9 ! ORD9>Y S5SE (! T]M2
B X IS A "S?+ 9T]M$IATE 9 QUAL;Y4 ,":=E
!Y H NOR SP9E1 NOR B"O1 NOR SEPIA-B"O1
NOR 5VELOP+ %ELL2 B _! BODY 0XS H>D;S IS
XS [N PROTEC;N & REQUIRES NO EXTRANE\S
SUPPORT4 ,H["E1 9SECTS H A SK92 B ! SK9
IS EXCE$+LY ?94 ,^! & S*-L >E ! EXT]NAL
ORGANS ( 9SECTS4
  ,9T]N,Y1 NEXT AF ! M\?1 -ES A GUT1 9 !
MAJOR;Y ( CASES /RAI<T & SIMPLE D[N 6!
\TLET (! RESIDUUM3 B 9 A FEW CASES ! GUT
IS COIL$4 ,NO 9SECT IS PROVID$ ) ANY
VISC]A1 OR IS SUPPLI$ ) FAT2 & ^!
/ATE;TS APPLY 6ALL ANIMALS DEVOID (
BLOOD4 ,"S H A /OMA* AL1 & ATTA*$ 6? !
RE/ (! GUT1 EI SIMPLE OR 3VOLUT$ Z 9 !
CASE (! ACRIS OR GRASSHOPP]4
  ,! TETTIX OR CICADA1 AL"O ( S*
CR1TURES 7&1 9 FACT1 AL"O ( ALL
CR1TURES71 IS UNPROVID$ )A M\?1 B X IS
PROVID$ )! T;GUE-L =M,N F.D 9 9SECTS
FURNI%$ ) FRONTW>D /+S2 & ? =M,N 9 !
CICADA IS L;G1 3T9U\S1 & DEVOID ( ANY
SPLIT2 & 0! AID ( ? ! CR1TURE FE$S ON
DEW1 & ON DEW ONLY1 & 9 XS /OMA* NO
EXCRE;N IS "E F.D4 ,(! CICADA "! >E
S"EAL K9DS1 & !Y DI6] F "O ANO!R 9
RELATIVE MAGNITUDE1 & 9 ? RESPECT T !
A*ETES OR *IRP] IS PROVID$ )A CLEFT OR
AP]TURE "U ! HYPOZOMA & HAS 9 X A
MEMBRANE Q 4C]NI#1 :IL/ ! MEMBRANE IS
9DISC]NI# 9 ! TETTIGONIA4
  ,FUR!RMORE1 "! >E "S /RANGE CR1TURES
6BE F.D 9 ! SEA1 : F _! R>;Y WE >E UNA#
6CLASSIFY4 ,EXP]I;ED FI%]M5 A6IRM1 "S T
!Y H AT "TS SE5 9 ! SEA ANIMALS L /ICKS1
BLACK1 R.D$1 &(! SAME ?ICK;S "?\T2 O!RS
T !Y H SE5 CR1TURES RESEMBL+ %IELDS1 R$
9 COL\R1 & FURNI%$ ) F9S PACK$ CLOSE
TGR2 & O!RS T !Y H SE5 CR1TURES RESEMBL+
! MALE ORGAN 9 %APE & SIZE1 )A PAIR (
F9S 9 ! PLACE (! TE/ICLES1 & !Y AV] T ON
"O O3A.N A CR1TURE ( ? DESCRIP;N 0 BR"\
UP ON ! 5D (A NI<TL9E4
  ,S M* !N =! "PS1 EXT]NAL & 9T]NAL1
EXCEP;NAL & -MON1 ( ALL ANIMALS4
                   #H
  ,WE N[ PROCE$ 6TR1T (! S5SES2 = "! >E
DIV]SITIES 9 ANIMALS ) REG>D 6! S5SES1
SEE+ T "S ANIMALS H ! USE ( ALL ! S5SES1
& O!RS ! USE (A LIMIT$ NUMB] ( !M4 ,!
TOTAL NUMB] (! S5SES 7= WE H NO EXP]I;E
( ANY SPECIAL S5SE N "H 9CLUD$71 IS
FIVE3 SI<T1 HE>+1 SMELL1 TA/E1 & T\*4
  ,MAN1 !N1 & ALL VIVIP>A T H FEET1 &1
FUR!R1 ALL R$-BLOOD$ OVIP>A1 APPE> 6H !
USE ( ALL ! FIVE S5SES1 EXCEPT ": "S
ISOLAT$ SPECIES HAS BE5 SUBJECT$
6MUTIL,N1 Z 9 ! CASE (! MOLE4 ,= ?
ANIMAL IS DEPRIV$ ( SI<T2 X HAS NO EYES
VISI#1 B IF ! SK9-A ?ICK "O1 0! WAY-BE
/RIPP$ (F ! H1D1 AB ! PLACE 9 ! EXT]IOR
": EYES USU,Y >E1 ! EYES >E F.D 9SIDE 9
A /UNT$ 3DI;N1 FURNI%$ ) ALL ! "PS F.D 9
ORD9>Y EYES2 T IS 6SAY1 WE F9D "! !
BLACK RIM1 &! FATTY "P SURR.D+ X2 B ALL
^! "PS >E SMALL] ?AN ! SAME "PS 9 ORD9>Y
VISI# EYES4 ,"! IS NO EXT]NAL SIGN (!
EXI/;E ( ^! ORGANS 9 ! MOLE1 [+ 6!
?ICK;S (! SK9 DRAWN OV] !M1 S T X WD
SEEM T ! NATURAL C\RSE ( DEVELOP;T 7
3G5IT,Y >RE/$2 7= EXT5D+ F ! BRA9 AT XS
JUNC;N )! M>R[ >E TWO /R;G S9EWY DUCTS
RUNN+ PA/ ! SOCKETS (! EYES1 & T]M9AT+
AT ! UPP] EYE-TEE?74 ,ALL ! O!R ANIMALS
(! K9DS ABV M5;N$ H A P]CEP;N ( COL\R &(
S.D1 &! S5SES ( SMELL & TA/E2 ! FIF?
S5SE1 T1 "NLY1 ( T\*1 IS -MON 6ALL
ANIMALS :ATSO"E4
  ,9 "S ANIMALS ! ORGANS ( S5SE >E
PLA9LY 4C]NI#2 & ? IS ESPECI,Y ! CASE )!
EYES4 ,= ANIMALS H A SPECIAL LOCAL;Y =!
EYES1 & AL A SPECIAL LOCAL;Y = HE>+3 T
IS 6SAY1 "S ANIMALS H E>S1 :ILE O!RS H !
PASSAGE = S.D 4C]NI#4 ,X IS ! SAME )!
S5SE ( SMELL2 T IS 6SAY1 "S ANIMALS H
NO/RILS1 & O!RS H ONLY ! PASSAGES =
SMELL1 S* Z BIRDS4 ,X IS ! SAME AL )!
ORGAN ( TA/E1 ! T;GUE4 ,( AQUATIC R$-
BLOOD$ ANIMALS1 FI%ES POSSESS ! ORGAN (
TA/E1 "NLY ! T;GUE1 B X IS 9 AN IMP]FECT
& AMORPH\S =M1 9 O!R ^WS X IS OSSE\S &
UNDETA*$4 ,9 "S FI% ! PALATE IS FLE%Y1 Z
9 ! FRE%-WAT] C>P1 S T 0AN 9ATT5TIVE
OBS]V] X MI<T 2 MISTAK5 =A T;GUE4
  ,"! IS NO D\BT B T FI%ES H ! S5SE (
TA/E1 =A GRT NUMB] ( !M DELI<T 9 SPECIAL
FLAV\RS2 & FI%ES FREELY TAKE ! HOOK IF X
2 BAIT$ )A PIECE ( FLE% F A TUNNY OR F
ANY FAT FI%1 OBVI\SLY 5JOY+ ! TA/E &!
EAT+ ( FOOD ( ? K9D4 ,FI%ES H NO VISI#
ORGANS = HE>+ OR = SMELL2 = :AT MI<T
APPE> 69DICATE AN ORGAN = SMELL 9 !
REGION (! NO/RIL HAS NO -MUNIC,N )!
BRA94 ,^! 9DIC,NS1 9 FACT1 9 "S CASES
L1D NO":1 L BL ALLEYS1 & 9 O!R CASES L1D
ONLY 6! GILLS2 B = ALL ? FI%ES UND\BT$LY
HE> & SMELL4 ,= !Y >E OBS]V$ 6RUN AWAY F
ANY L\D NOISE1 S* Z WD 2 MADE 0! R[+ (A
GALLEY1 S Z 62COME EASY ( CAPTURE 9 _!
HOLES2 =1 0! WAY1 ?\< A S.D 2 V SLI<T 9
! OP5 AIR1 X HAS A L\D & AL>M+ RESON.E
6CR1TURES T HE> "U WAT]4 ,& ? IS %[N 9 !
CAPTURE (! DOLPH92 = :5 ! HUNT]S H
5CLOS$ A %OAL ( ^! FI%ES )A R+ ( _!
CANOES1 !Y SET UP F 9SIDE ! CANOES A L\D
SPLA%+ 9 ! WAT]1 & 0S DO+ 9DUCE !
CR1TURES 6RUN 9 A %OAL HI< & DRY UP ON !
B1*1 & S CAPTURE !M :ILE /UPEFI$ )!
NOISE4 ,& YET1 = ALL ?1 ! DOLPH9 HAS NO
ORGAN ( HE>+ 4C]NI#4 ,FUR!RMORE1 :5
5GAG$ 9 _! CRAFT1 FI%]M5 >E "PICUL>LY
C>E;L 6MAKE NO NOISE ) O> OR NET2 & AF
!Y H SPI$ A %OAL1 !Y LET D[N _! NETS AT
A SPOT S F> (F T !Y C.T ^U NO NOISE 2+
LIKELY 6R1* ! %OAL1 O3A.N$ EI 0O> OR 0!
SURG+ ( _! BOATS "? ! WAT]2 &! CREWS >E
/RICTLY 5JO9$ 6PRES]VE SIL;E UNTIL !
%OAL HAS BE5 SURR.D$4 ,&1 AT "TS1 :5 !Y
WANT ! FI% 6CR[D TGR1 !Y ADOPT !
/RATAGEM (! DOLPH9-HUNT]2 9 O!R ^WS !Y
CLATT] /"OS TGR1 T ! FI% MAY1 9 _! F"R1
GA!R CLOSE 96"O SPOT1 & S !Y 5VELOP !M
)9 _! NETS4 7,2F SURR.D+ !M1 !N1 !Y
PRES]VE SIL;E1 Z 0 SD2 B1 AF HEMM+ !
%OAL IN1 !Y CALL ON E MAN 6%\T \ AL\D &
MAKE ANY K9D ( NOISE2 = ON HE>+ ! NOISE
& HU2UB ! FI% >E SURE 6TUM# 96! NETS F
%E] F"R47 ,FUR!R1 :5 FI%]M5 SEE A %OAL (
FI% FE$+ AT A 4T.E1 4PORT+ !MVS 9 CALM
B"R W1!R ON ! SURFACE (! WAT]1 IF !Y >E
ANXI\S 6DESCRY ! SIZE (! FI% & 6LE>N :AT
K9D (A FI% X IS1 !Y MAY SU3E$ 9 -+ ^U !
%OAL :IL/ YET BASK+ AT ! SURFACE IF !Y
SAIL UP )\T ! SLI<TE/ NOISE1 B IF ANY
MAN MAKE A NOISE PREVI\SLY1 ! %OAL W 2
SE5 6SCURRY AWAY 9 AL>M4 ,AG1 "! IS A
SMALL RIV]-FI% CALL$ ! COTTUS OR
BULLH1D2 ? CR1TURE BURR[S "U A ROCK1 &
FI%]S CAT* X 0CLATT]+ /"OS AG/ ! ROCK1 &
! FI%1 2WILD]$ AT ! NOISE1 D>TS \ ( XS
HID+-PLACE4 ,F ^! FACTS X IS Q OBVI\S T
FI%ES C HE>2 & 9DE$ "S P1 F LIV+ NE> !
SEA & FREQU5TLY WIT;S+ S* PH5OM5A1 A6IRM
T ( ALL LIV+ CR1TURES ! FI% IS ! QKE/ (
HE>+4 ,&1 0! WAY1 ( ALL FI%ES ! QKE/ (
HE>+ >E ! CE/REUS OR MULLET1 ! *REMPS1 !
LABRAX OR BASSE1 ! SALPE OR SAUPE1 !
*ROMIS OR SCIAENA1 & S* L4 ,O!R FI%ES >E
LESS QK ( HE>+1 &1 Z MI<T 2 EXPECT$1 >E
M APT 6BE F.D LIV+ AT ! BOTTOM (! SEA4
  ,! CASE IS SIMIL> 9 REG>D 6! S5SE (
SMELL4 ,?US1 Z A RULE1 FI%ES W N T\* A
BAIT T IS N FRE%1 NEI >E !Y ALL CAU<T
0"O &! SAME BAIT1 B !Y >E S"E,Y CAU<T
0BAITS SUIT$ 6_! S"EAL LIK+S1 & ^! BAITS
!Y 4T+UI% 0_! S5SE ( SMELL2 &1 0! WAY1
"S FI%ES >E ATTRACT$ 0MALODOR\S BAITS1 Z
! SAUPE1 = 9/.E1 IS ATTRACT$ 0EXCRE;T4
,AG1 A NUMB] ( FI%ES LIVE 9 CAVES2 &
ACLY FI%]M51 :5 !Y WANT 65TICE !M \1
SME> ! M\? (A CAVE ) /R;G-SMELL+
PICKLES1 &! FI% >E ,SOON ATTRACT$ 6!
SMELL4 ,&! EEL IS CAU<T 9 A SIMIL> WAY2
=! FI%]MAN LAYS D[N AN E>!N POT T HAS
HELD PICKLES1 AF 9S]T+ A ,8WEEL0' 9 !
NECK "!(4 ,Z A G5]AL RULE1 FI%ES >E
ESPECI,Y ATTRACT$ 0SAV\RY SMELLS4 ,= ?
R1SON1 FI%]M5 ROA/ ! FLE%Y "PS (!
CUTTLE-FI% & USE X Z BAIT ON A3.T ( XS
SMELL1 = FI% >E PECULI>LY ATTRACT$ 0X2
!Y AL BAKE ! OCTOPUS & BAIT _! FI%-
BASKETS OR WEELS ) X1 5TIRELY1 Z !Y SAY1
ON A3.T ( XS SMELL4 ,FUR!RMORE1 GREG>I\S
FI%ES1 IF FI% WA%+S OR BILGE-WAT] 2 ?R[N
OV]BO>D1 >E OBS]V$ 6SCUD (F 6A 4T.E1 F
APP>5T 4LIKE (! SMELL4 ,& X IS ASS]T$ T
!Y C AT ONCE DETECT 0SMELL ! PRES;E ( _!
[N BLOOD2 & ? FACULTY IS MANIFE/$ 0_!
HURRY+ (F 6A GRT 4T.E :5"E FI%-BLOOD IS
SPILT 9 ! SEA4 ,&1 Z A G5]AL RULE1 IF Y
BAIT YR WEEL )A /9K+ BAIT1 ! FI% REFUSE
65T] ! WEEL OR EV5 6DRAW NE>2 B IF Y
BAIT ! WEEL )A FRE% & SAV\RY BAIT1 !Y -E
AT ONCE F L;G 4T.ES & SWIM 96X4 ,& ALL ?
IS "PICUL>LY MANIFE/ 9 ! DOLPH92 =1 Z 0
/AT$1 X HAS NO VISI# ORGAN ( HE>+1 & YET
X IS CAPTUR$ :5 /UPEFI$ ) NOISE2 & S1
:ILE X HAS NO VISI# ORGAN = SMELL1 X HAS
! S5SE ( SMELL REM>KABLY KE54 ,X IS
MANIFE/1 !N1 T ! ANIMALS ABV M5;N$ >E 9
POSSES.N ( ALL ! FIVE S5SES4
  ,ALL O!R ANIMALS MAY1 ) V FEW
EXCEP;NS1 2 -PREH5D$ )9 F\R G5]A3 6WIT1
MOLLUSCS1 CRU/AC1NS1 TE/AC1NS1 & 9SECTS4
,( ^! F\R G5]A1 ! MOLLUSC1 ! CRU/AC1N1 &
! 9SECT H ALL ! S5SES3 AT ALL EV5TS1 !Y
H SI<T1 SMELL1 & TA/E4 ,Z = 9SECTS1 BO?
W+$ & W+.S1 !Y C DETECT ! PRES;E ( SC5T$
OBJECTS AF> (F1 Z = 9/.E BEES & SNIPES
DETECT ! PRES;E ( H"OY AT A 4T.E2 & D S
RECOGNIZ+ X 0SMELL4 ,_M 9SECTS >E KILL$
0! SMELL ( BRIM/"O2 ANTS1 IF ! AP]TURES
6_! DWELL+S 2 SME>$ ) P[D]$ ORIGANUM &
BRIM/"O1 QUIT _! NE/S2 & MO/ 9SECTS MAY
2 BANI%$ ) BURNT H>T'S HORN1 OR BETT] /
0! BURN+ (! GUM /YRAX4 ,! CUTTLE-FI%1 !
OCTOPUS1 &! CRAWFI% MAY 2 CAU<T 0BAIT4
,! OCTOPUS1 9 FACT1 CL+S S TI<TLY 6!
ROCKS T X _C 2 PULL$ (F1 B REMA9S ATTA*$
EV5 :5 ! KNIFE IS EMPLOY$ 6S"E X2 & YET1
IF Y APPLY FL1BANE 6! CR1TURE1 X DROPS
(F AT ! V SMELL ( X4 ,! FACTS >E SIMIL>
9 REG>D 6TA/E4 ,=! FOOD T 9SECTS G 9
QUE/ ( IS ( DIV]SE K9DS1 & !Y D N ALL
DELI<T 9 ! SAME FLAV\RS3 = 9/.E1 ! BEE
N"E SETTLES ON A )]$ OR WILT$ FL[]1 B ON
FRE% & SWEET "OS2 &! CONOPS OR GNAT
SETTLES ONLY ON ACRID SUB/.ES & N ON
SWEET4 ,! S5SE ( T\*1 0! WAY1 Z HAS BE5
REM>K$1 IS -MON 6ALL ANIMALS4 ,TE/AC1NS
H ! S5SES ( SMELL & TA/E4 ,) REG>D 6_!
POSSES.N (! S5SE ( SMELL1 T IS PROV$ 0!
USE ( BAITS1 E4G4 9 ! CASE (! PURPLE-
FI%2 = ? CR1TURE IS 5TIC$ 0BAITS (
RANCID M1T1 : X P]CVS & IS ATTRACT$ 6F A
GRT 4T.E4 ,! PRO( T X POSSESSES A S5SE (
TA/E HANGS 0! PRO( ( XS S5SE ( SMELL2 =
:5"E AN ANIMAL IS ATTRACT$ 6A ?+ 0P]CVG
XS SMELL1 X IS SURE 6L ! TA/E ( X4
,FUR!R1 ALL ANIMALS FURNI%$ )A M\?
DERIVE PL1SURE OR PA9 F ! T\* ( SAPID
JUICES4
  ,) REG>D 6SI<T & HE>+1 WE _C MAKE
/ATE;TS ) ?OR\< 3FID;E OR ON IRREFUTA#
EVID;E4 ,H["E1 ! SOL5 OR RAZOR-FI%1 IF Y
MAKE A NOISE1 APPE>S 6BURR[ 9 ! S&1 &
6HIDE HMF DEEP] :5 HE HE>S ! APPROA* (!
IRON ROD 7=! ANIMAL1 2 X OBS]V$1 JUTS A
LL \ ( XS HOLE1 :ILE ! GRT] "P (! BODY
REMA9S )971-& SCALLOPS1 IF Y PRES5T YR
F+] NE> _! OP5 VALVES1 CLOSE !M TI<T AG
Z ?\< !Y CD SEE :AT Y 7 DO+4 ,FUR!RMORE1
:5 FI%]M5 >E LAY+ BAIT = N]ITAE1 !Y ALW
GET 6LEEW>D ( !M1 & N"E SP1K A ^W :ILE S
5GAG$1 "U ! FIRM IMPRES.N T ! ANIMAL C
SMELL & HE>2 & !Y ASSURE U T1 IF ANY "O
SP1KS AL\D1 ! CR1TURE MAKES EF=TS
6ESCAPE4 ,) REG>D 6TE/AC1NS1 (! WALK+ OR
CREEP+ SPECIES ! UR*9 APPE>S 6H ! L1/
DEVELOP$ S5SE ( SMELL2 &1 (! /,N>Y
SPECIES1 ! ASCIDIAN &! B>NACLE4
  ,S M* =! ORGANS ( S5SE 9 ! G5]AL RUN (
ANIMALS4 ,WE N[ PROCE$ 6TR1T ( VOICE4
                   #I
  ,VOICE & S.D >E DI6]5T F "O ANO!R2 &
LANGUAGE DI6]S F VOICE & S.D4 ,! FACT IS
T NO ANIMAL C GIVE UTT].E 6VOICE EXCEPT
0! AC;N (! PH>YNX1 & 3SEQU5TLY S*
ANIMALS Z >E DEVOID ( LUNG H NO VOICE2 &
LANGUAGE IS ! >TICUL,N ( VOCAL S.DS 0!
9/RU;TAL;Y (! T;GUE4 ,?US1 ! VOICE &
L>YNX C EMIT VOCAL OR V[EL S.DS2 NON-
VOCAL OR 3SONANTAL S.DS >E MADE 0! T;GUE
&! LIPS2 & \ ( ^! VOCAL & NON-VOCAL S.DS
LANGUAGE IS -POS$4 ,3SEQU5TLY1 ANIMALS T
H NO T;GUE AT ALL OR T H A T;GUE N
FREELY DETA*$1 H NEI VOICE NOR LANGUAGE2
AL?1 0! WAY1 !Y MAY 2 5A#D 6MAKE NOISES
OR S.DS 0O!R ORGANS ?AN ! T;GUE4
  ,9SECTS1 = 9/.E1 H NO VOICE & NO
LANGUAGE1 B !Y C EMIT S.D 09T]NAL AIR OR
W9D1 ?\< N 0! EMIS.N ( AIR OR W9D2 = NO
9SECTS >E CAPA# ( RESPIR,N4 ,B "S ( !M
MAKE A HUMM+ NOISE1 L ! BEE &! O!R W+$
9SECTS2 & O!RS >E SD 6S+1 Z ! CICADA4 ,&
ALL ^! LATT] 9SECTS MAKE _! SPECIAL
NOISES 0M1NS (! MEMBRANE T IS "UN1? !
,8HYPOZOMA'-^? 9SECTS1 T IS 6SAY1 ^:
BODY IS ?US DIVID$2 Z = 9/.E1 "O SPECIES
( CICADA1 : MAKES ! S.D 0M1NS (! FRIC;N
(! AIR4 ,FLIES & BEES1 &! L1 PRODUCE _!
SPECIAL NOISE 0OP5+ & %UTT+ _! W+S 9 !
ACT ( FLY+2 =! NOISE MADE IS 0! FRIC;N (
AIR 2T ! W+S :5 9 MO;N4 ,! NOISE MADE
0GRASSHOPP]S IS PRODUC$ 0RU2+ OR
REV]B]AT+ ) _! L;G H9D-LEGS4
  ,NO MOLLUSC OR CRU/AC1N C PRODUCE ANY
NATURAL VOICE OR S.D4 ,FI%ES C PRODUCE
NO VOICE1 = !Y H NO LUNGS1 NOR W9DPIPE &
PH>YNX2 B !Y EMIT C]TA9 9>TICULATE S.DS
& SQU1KS1 : IS :AT IS CALL$ _!
,8VOICE0'1 Z ! LYRA OR GURN>D1 &!
SCIAENA 7= ^! FI%ES MAKE A GRUNT+ K9D (
NOISE7 &! CAPRUS OR BO>-FI% 9 ! RIV]
,A*EL\S1 &! *ALCIS &! CUCKOO-FI%2 =!
*ALCIS MAKES A SORT PIP+ S.D1 &! CUCKOO-
FI% MAKES A S.D GRTLY L ! CRY (! CUCKOO1
& IS NICK"ND F ! CIRCUM/.E4 ,! APP>5T
VOICE 9 ALL ^! FI%ES IS A S.D CAUS$ 9 "S
CASES 0A RU2+ MO;N ( _! GILLS1 : 0! WAY
>E PRICKLY1 OR 9 O!R CASES 09T]NAL "PS
AB _! BELLIES2 = !Y ALL H AIR OR W9D
9SIDE !M1 0RU2+ & MOV+ : !Y PRODUCE !
S.DS4 ,"S C>TILAG9\S FI% SEEM 6SQU1K4
  ,B 9 ^! CASES ! T]M ,8VOICE0' IS
9APPROPRIATE2 ! M CORRECT EXPRES.N WD 2
,8S.D0'4 ,=! SCALLOP1 :5 X GOES AL;G
SUPPORT+ XF ON ! WAT]1 : IS TE*NIC,Y
CALL$ ,8FLY+0'1 MAKES A :IZZ+ S.D2 & S
DOES ! SEA-SWALL[ OR FLY+-FI%3 = ? FI%
FLIES 9 ! AIR1 CL1N \ (! WAT]1 2+
FURNI%$ ) F9S BROAD & L;G4 ,J !N Z 9 !
FLI<T ( BIRDS ! S.D MADE 0_! W+S IS
OBVI\SLY N VOICE1 S IS X 9 ! CASE ( ALL
^! O!R CR1TURES4
  ,! DOLPH91 :5 TAK5 \ (! WAT]1 GIVES A
SQU1K & MOANS 9 ! AIR1 B ^! NOISES D N
RESEM# ^? ABV M5;N$4 ,= ? CR1TURE HAS A
VOICE 7& C "!=E UTT] VOCAL OR V[EL
S.DS71 = X IS FURNI%$ )A LUNG &A
W9DPIPE2 B XS T;GUE IS N LOOSE1 NOR HAS
X LIPS1 S Z 6GIVE UTT].E 6AN >TICULATE
S.D 7OR A S.D ( V[EL & 3SONANT 9 -B9,N47
  ,( ANIMALS : >E FURNI%$ ) T;GUE &
LUNG1 ! OVIP>\S QUADRUP$S PRODUCE A
VOICE1 B A FEE# "O2 9 "S CASES1 A %RILL
PIP+ S.D1 L ! S]P5T2 9 O!RS1 A ?9 FA9T
CRY2 9 O!RS1 A L[ HISS1 L ! TORTOISE4 ,!
=M,N (! T;GUE 9 ! FROG IS EXCEP;NAL4 ,!
FRONT "P (! T;GUE1 : 9 O!R ANIMALS IS
DETA*$1 IS TI<TLY FIX$ 9 ! FROG Z X IS 9
ALL FI%ES2 B ! "P T[>DS ! PH>YNX IS
FREELY DETA*$1 & MAY1 S 6SP1K1 2 SPAT
\TW>DS1 & X IS ) ? T X MAKES XS PECULI>
CROAK4 ,! CROAK+ T GOES ON 9 ! M>% IS !
CALL (! MALES 6! FEMALES AT RUTT+ "T2 &1
0! WAY1 ALL ANIMALS H A SPECIAL CRY =! L
5D AT ! L S1SON1 Z IS OBS]V$ 9 ! CASE (
GOATS1 SW9E1 & %EEP4 7,! BULL-FROG MAKES
XS CROAK+ NOISE 0PUTT+ XS "U JAW ON A
LEVEL )! SURFACE (! WAT] & EXT5D+ XS
UPP] JAW 6XS UTMO/ CAPAC;Y4 ,! T5.N IS S
GRT T ! UPP] JAW 2COMES TRANSP>5T1 &!
ANIMAL'S EYES %9E "? ! JAW L LAMPS2 =1
0! WAY1 ! -M]CE (! SEXES TAKES PLACE
USU,Y 9 ! NI<T "T47 ,BIRDS C UTT] VOCAL
S.DS2 & S* ( !M C >TICULATE BE/ Z H !
T;GUE MOD]ATELY FLAT1 & AL S* Z H ?9
DELICATE T;GUES4 ,9 "S CASES1 ! MALE &!
FEMALE UTT] ! SAME NOTE2 9 O!R CASES1
DI6]5T NOTES4 ,! SMALL] BIRDS >E M VOCAL
& GIV5 6*IRP+ ?AN ! L>G] "OS2 B 9 !
PAIR+ S1SON E SPECIES ( BIRD 2COMES
"PICUL>LY VOCAL4 ,"S ( !M CALL :5 FI<T+1
Z ! QUAIL1 O!RS CRY OR CR[ :5 *ALL5G+
6-BAT1 Z ! "PRIDGE1 OR :5 VICTORI\S1 Z !
B>N-DOOR COCK4 ,9 "S CASES COCK-BIRDS &
H5S S+ ALIKE1 Z IS OBS]V$ 9 ! NI<T9GALE1
ONLY T ! H5 /OPS S++ :5 BROOD+ OR RE>+
H] "Y2 9 O!R BIRDS1 ! COCKS S+ M ?AN !
H5S2 9 FACT1 ) B>N-DOOR F[LS & QUAILS1 !
COCK S+S &! H5 DOES N4
  ,VIVIP>\S QUADRUP$S UTT] VOCAL S.DS (
DI6]5T K9DS1 B !Y H NO P[] ( 3V]SE4 ,9
FACT1 ? P[]1 OR LANGUAGE1 IS PECULI>
6MAN4 ,= :ILE ! CAPABIL;Y ( TALK+
IMPLIES ! CAPABIL;Y ( UTT]+ VOCAL S.DS1
! 3V]SE DOES N HOLD GD4 ,M5 T >E BORN
D1F >E 9 ALL CASES AL DUMB2 T IS1 !Y C
MAKE VOCAL S.DS1 B !Y _C SP1K4 ,*N1 J Z
!Y H NO 3TROL OV] O!R "PS1 S H NO 3TROL1
AT F/1 OV] ! T;GUE2 B X IS S F>
IMP]FECT1 & ONLY FREES & DETA*ES XF
0DEGREES1 S T 9 ! 9T]VAL *N =! MO/ "P
LISP & /UTT]4
  ,VOCAL S.DS & MODES ( LANGUAGE DI6] AC
6LOCAL;Y4 ,VOCAL S.DS >E "*IZ$ *IEFLY
0_! PIT*1 :E!R HI< OR L[1 &! K9DS ( S.D
CAPA# ( 2+ PRODUC$ >E ID5TICAL )9 !
LIMITS ( "O &! SAME SPECIES2 B >TICULATE
S.D1 T "O MI<T R1SONABLY DESIGNATE
,8LANGUAGE0'1 DI6]S BO? 9 V>I\S ANIMALS1
& AL 9 ! SAME SPECIES AC 6DIV]S;Y (
LOCAL;Y2 Z = 9/.E1 "S "PRIDGES CACKLE1 &
"S MAKE A %RILL TWITT]+ NOISE4 ,( LL
BIRDS1 "S S+ A DI6]5T NOTE F ! P>5T
BIRDS1 IF !Y H BE5 REMOV$ F ! NE/ & H
HE>D O!R BIRDS S++2 &A "M-NI<T9GALE HAS
BE5 OBS]V$ 6GIVE LESSONS 9 S++ 6A "Y
BIRD1 F : SPECTACLE WE MI<T OBVI\SLY 9F]
T ! S;G (! BIRD 0 N EQU,Y 3G5ITAL ) M]E
VOICE1 B 0 "S?+ CAPA# ( MODIFIC,N &(
IMPROVE;T4 ,M5 H ! SAME VOICE OR VOCAL
S.DS1 B !Y DI6] F "O ANO!R 9 SPEE* OR
LANGUAGE4
  ,! ELEPHANT MAKES A VOCAL S.D (A
W9DLIKE SORT 0! M\? AL"O1 UNAID$ 0!
TRUNK1 J L ! S.D (A MAN PANT+ OR SI<+2
B1 IF X EMPLOY ! TRUNK Z WELL1 ! S.D
PRODUC$ IS L T (A HO>SE TRUMPET4
                  #AJ
  ,) REG>D 6! SLEEP+ & WAK+ ( ANIMALS1
ALL CR1TURES T >E R$-BLOOD$ & PROVID$ )
LEGS GIVE S5SI# PRO( T !Y G 6SLEEP & T
!Y WAK5 UP F SLEEP2 =1 Z A MATT] ( FACT1
ALL ANIMALS T >E FURNI%$ ) EYELIDS %UT
!M UP :5 !Y G 6SLEEP4 ,FUR!RMORE1 X WD
APPE> T N ONLY D M5 DR1M1 B HORSES AL1 &
DOGS1 & OX52 AYE1 & %EEP1 & GOATS1 & ALL
VIVIP>\S QUADRUP$S2 & DOGS %[ _! DR1M+
0B>K+ 9 _! SLEEP4 ,) REG>D 6OVIP>\S
ANIMALS WE _C 2 SURE T !Y DR1M1 B MO/
UND\BT$LY !Y SLEEP4 ,&! SAME MAY 2 SD (
WAT] ANIMALS1 S* Z FI%ES1 MOLLUSCS1
CRU/AC1NS1 6WIT CRAWFI% &! L4 ,^!
ANIMALS SLEEP )\T D\BT1 AL? _! SLEEP IS
( V %ORT DUR,N4 ,! PRO( ( _! SLEEP+ _C 2
GOT F ! 3DI;N ( _! EYES-= N"O ( ^!
CR1TURES >E FURNI%$ ) EYELIDS-B C 2
OBTA9$ ONLY F _! MO;N.S REPOSE4
  ,A"P F ! IRRIT,N CAUS$ 0LICE & :AT >E
NICK"ND FL1S1 FI% >E MET ) 9 A /ATE S
MO;N.S T "O MI<T EASILY CAT* !M 0H&2 &1
Z A MATT] ( FACT1 ^! LL CR1TURES1 IF !
FI% REMA9 L;G 9 "O POSI;N1 W ATTACK !M 9
MYRIADS & DEV\R !M4 ,= ^! P>ASITES >E
F.D 9 ! DEP?S (! SEA1 & >E S NUM]\S T !Y
DEV\R ANY BAIT MADE ( FI%'S FLE% IF X 2
LEFT L;G ON ! GR.D AT ! BOTTOM2 & FI%]M5
(T5 DRAW UP A CLU/] ( !M1 ALL CL++ ON 6!
BAIT4
  ,B X IS F ! FOLL[+ FACTS T WE MAY M
R1SONABLY 9F] T FI%ES SLEEP4 ,V (T5 X IS
POSSI# 6TAKE A FI% (F XS GU>D S F> Z
6CAT* HOLD ( X OR 6GIVE X A BL[ UNAW>ES2
& ALL ! :ILE T Y >E PREP>+ 6CAT* OR
/RIKE X1 ! FI% IS Q / B =A SLI<T MO;N (!
TAIL4 ,& X IS Q OBVI\S T ! ANIMAL IS
SLEEP+1 F XS MOVE;TS IF ANY 4TURB.E 2
MADE DUR+ XS REPOSE2 = X MOVES J Z Y WD
EXPECT 9 A CR1TURE SU45LY AWAK5$4
,FUR!R1 [+ 6_! 2+ ASLEEP1 FI% MAY 2
CAPTUR$ 0TOR*LI<T4 ,! WAT*M5 9 ! TUNNY-
FI%]Y (T5 TAKE ADVANTAGE (! FI% 2+
ASLEEP 65VELOP !M 9 A CIRCLE ( NETS2 & X
IS Q OBVI\S T !Y 7 ?US SLEEP+ 0_! LY+ /
& ALL[+ ! GLI/5+ "U-"PS ( _! BODIES
62COME VISI#1 :ILE ! CAPTURE IS TAK+
,PLACE4 ,!Y SLEEP 9 ! NI<T-"T M ?AN DUR+
! "D2 & S S.DLY AT NI<T T Y MAY CA/ !
NET )\T MAK+ !M /IR4 ,FI%1 Z A G5]AL
RULE1 SLEEP CLOSE 6! GR.D1 OR 6! S& OR
6A /"O AT ! BOTTOM1 OR AF 3C1L+ !MVS "U
A ROCK OR ! GR.D4 ,FLAT FI% G 6SLEEP 9 !
S&2 & !Y C 2 4T+UI%$ 0! \TL9ES ( _!
%APES 9 ! S&1 & >E CAU<T 9 ? POSI;N 02+
SPE>$ ) PR;G$ 9/RU;TS4 ,! BASSE1 !
*RYSOPHRYS OR GILT-H1D1 ! MULLET1 & FI%
(! L SORT >E (T5 CAU<T 9 ! "D"T 0! PR;G
[+ 6_! HAV+ BE5 SURPRIS$ :5 SLEEP+2 = X
IS SC>CELY PROBA# T FI% CD 2 PR;G$ :ILE
AWAKE4 ,C>TILAG9\S FI% SLEEP AT "TS S
S.DLY T !Y MAY 2 CAU<T 0H&4 ,! DOLPH9 &!
:ALE1 & ALL S* Z >E FURNI%$ )A BL[-HOLE1
SLEEP )! BL[-HOLE OV] ! SURFACE (! WAT]1
& BR1! "? ! BL[-HOLE :ILE !Y KEEP UP A
QUIET FLAPP+ ( _! F9S2 9DE$1 "S M>9]S
ASSURE U T !Y H ACTU,Y HE>D ! DOLPH9
SNOR+4
  ,MOLLUSCS SLEEP L FI%ES1 & CRU/AC1NS
AL4 ,X IS PLA9 AL T 9SECTS SLEEP2 = "! C
2 NO MISTAK+ _! 3DI;N ( MO;N.S REPOSE4
,9 ! BEE ! FACT ( XS 2+ ASLEEP IS V
OBVI\S2 = AT NI<T-"T BEES >E AT RE/ &
C1SE 6HUM4 ,B ! FACT T 9SECTS SLEEP MAY
2 V WELL SE5 9 ! CASE ( -MON E-"D
CR1TURES2 = N ONLY D !Y RE/ AT NI<T-"T F
DIM;S ( VI.N 7&1 0! WAY1 ALL H>D-EY$
CR1TURES SEE B 9DIST9CTLY71 B EV5 IF A
LI<T$ C&LE 2 PRES5T$ !Y 3T9UE SLEEP+ Q Z
S.DLY4
  ,( ALL ANIMALS MAN IS MO/ GIV5 6DR1M+4
,*N & 9FANTS D N DR1M1 B 9 MO/ CASES
DR1M+ -ES ON AT ! AGE ( F\R OR FIVE
YE>S4 ,9/.ES H BE5 "KN ( FULL-GR[N M5 &
WOM5 T H N"E DR1M$ AT ALL2 9 EXCEP;NAL
CASES ( ? K9D1 X HAS BE5 OBS]V$ T :5 A
DR1M O3URS 9 ADV.ED LIFE X PROGNO/ICATES
EI ACTUAL 4SOLU;N OR A G5]AL BR1K-UP (!
SY/EM4
  ,S M* !N = S5S,N &=! PH5OM5A ( SLEEP+
&( AWAK5+4
                  #AA
  ,) REG>D 6SEX1 "S ANIMALS >E DIVID$
96MALE & FEMALE1 B O!RS >E N S DIVID$ B
C ONLY 2 SD 9 A -P>ATIVE WAY 6BR+ =? "Y
& 6BE PREGNANT4 ,9 ANIMALS T LIVE 3F9$
6"O SPOT "! IS NO DUAL;Y ( SEX2 NOR IS
"! S*1 9 FACT1 9 ANY TE/AC1NS4 ,9
MOLLUSCS & 9 CRU/AC1NS WE F9D MALE &
FEMALE3 &1 9DE$1 9 ALL ANIMALS FURNI%$ )
FEET1 BIP$ OR QUADRUP$2 9 %ORT1 9 ALL S*
Z 0COPUL,N 5G5D] EI LIVE "Y OR EGG OR
GRUB4 ,9 ! S"EAL G5]A1 ) H["E C]TA9
EXCEP;NS1 "! EI ABSOLUTELY IS OR
ABSOLUTELY IS N A DUAL;Y ( SEX4 ,?US1 9
QUADRUP$S ! DUAL;Y IS UNIV]SAL1 :ILE !
ABS;E ( S* DUAL;Y IS UNIV]SAL 9
TE/AC1NS1 &( ^! CR1TURES1 Z ) PLANTS1 "S
9DIVIDUALS >E FRUIT;L & "S >E N _! LY+ /
  ,B AM;G 9SECTS & FI%ES1 "S CASES >E
F.D :OLLY DEVOID ( ? DUAL;Y ( SEX4 ,=
9/.E1 ! EEL IS NEI MALE NOR FEMALE1 & C
5G5D] NO?+4 ,9 FACT1 ^? :O ASS]T T EELS
>E AT "TS F.D ) HAIR-L OR WORM-L PROG5Y
ATTA*$1 MAKE ONLY R&OM ASS];NS F N HAV+
C>E;LLY NOTIC$ ! LOCAL;Y ( S* ATTA*;TS4
,= NO EEL NOR ANIMAL ( ? K9D IS "E
VIVIP>\S UN.S PREVI\SLY OVIP>\S2 & NO
EEL 0 "E YET SE5 ) AN EGG4 ,& ANIMALS T
>E VIVIP>\S H _! "Y 9 ! WOMB & CLOSELY
ATTA*$1 & N 9 ! BELLY2 =1 IF ! EMBRYO 7
KEPT 9 ! BELLY1 X WD 2 SUBJECT$ 6!
PROCESS ( DIGES;N L ORD9>Y FOOD4 ,:5 P
RE/ DUAL;Y ( SEX 9 ! EEL ON ! ASS];N T !
H1D (! MALE IS BI7] & L;G]1 &! H1D (!
FEMALE SMALL] & M SNU2$1 !Y >E TAK+
DIV]S;Y ( SPECIES = DIV]S;Y ( SEX4
  ,"! >E C]TA9 FI% T >E NICK"ND !
EPITRAGIAE1 OR CAPON-FI%1 &1 0! WAY1 FI%
( ? DESCRIP;N >E F.D 9 FRE% WAT]1 Z !
C>P &! BALAGRUS4 ,? SORT ( FI% N"E HAS
EI ROE OR MILT2 B !Y >E H>D & FAT ALL
OV]1 & >E FURNI%$ )A SMALL GUT2 & ^! FI%
>E REG>D$ Z ( SUP]-EXCELL5T QUAL;Y4
  ,AG1 J Z 9 TE/AC1NS & 9 PLANTS "! IS
:AT BE>S & 5G5D]S1 B N :AT IMPREGNATES1
S IS X1 AM;G FI%ES1 )! PSETTA1 !
]Y?R9US1 &! *ANNE2 = ^! FI% >E 9 ALL
CASES F.D FURNI%$ ) E7S4
  ,Z A G5]AL RULE1 9 R$-BLOOD$ ANIMALS
FURNI%$ ) FEET & N OVIP>\S1 ! MALE IS
L>G] & L;G]-LIV$ ?AN ! FEMALE 7EXCEPT )!
MULE1 ": ! FEMALE IS L;G]-LIV$ & BI7]
?AN ! MALE72 ":AS 9 OVIP>\S & V]MIP>\S
CR1TURES1 Z 9 FI%ES & 9 9SECTS1 ! FEMALE
IS L>G] ?AN ! MALE2 Z1 = 9/.E1 )! S]P5T1
! PHALANGIUM OR V5OM-SPID]1 ! GECKO1 &!
FROG4 ,! SAME DI6];E 9 SIZE (! SEXES IS
F.D 9 FI%ES1 Z1 = 9/.E1 9 ! SMALL]
C>TILAG9\S FI%ES1 9 ! GRT] "P (!
GREG>I\S SPECIES1 & 9 ALL T LIVE 9 & AB
ROCKS4 ,! FACT T ! FEMALE IS L;G]-LIV$
?AN ! MALE IS 9F]R$ F ! FACT T FEMALE
FI%ES >E CAU<T OLD] ?AN MALES4
,FUR!RMORE1 9 ALL ANIMALS ! UPP] & FRONT
"PS >E BETT]1 /R;G]1 & M ?OR\<LY EQUIPP$
9 ! MALE ?AN 9 ! FEMALE1 ":AS 9 ! FEMALE
^? "PS >E ! BETT] T MAY 2 T]M$ H9D]-"PS
OR "U"PS4 ,& ? /ATE;T IS APPLICA# 6MAN &
6ALL VIVIP>A T H FEET4 ,AG1 ! FEMALE IS
LESS MUSCUL> & LESS -PACTLY JO9T$1 & M
?9 & DELICATE 9 ! HAIR-T IS1 ": HAIR IS
F.D2 &1 ": "! IS NO HAIR1 LESS /R;GLY
FURNI%$ 9 "S ANALOG\S SUB/.E4 ,&! FEMALE
IS M FLA3ID 9 TEXTURE ( FLE%1 & M KNOCK-
KNE$1 &! %9-B"OS >E ?9N]2 &! FEET >E M
>*$ & HOLL[ 9 S* ANIMALS Z >E FURNI%$ )
FEET4 ,&) REG>D 6VOICE1 ! FEMALE 9 ALL
ANIMALS T >E VOCAL HAS A ?9N] & %>P]
VOICE ?AN ! MALE2 EXCEPT1 0! WAY1 ) K9E1
=! L[+ & BELL[+ (! C[ HAS A DEEP] NOTE
?AN T (! BULL4 ,) REG>D 6ORGANS ( DEF;E
& (F;E1 S* Z TEE?1 TUSKS1 HORNS1 SPURS1
&! L1 ^! 9 "S SPECIES ! MALE POSSESSES &
! FEMALE DOES N2 Z1 = 9/.E1 ! H9D HAS NO
HORNS1 & ": ! COCK-BIRD HAS A SPUR ! H5
IS 5TIRELY DE/ITUTE (! ORGAN2 & 9 L
MANN] ! S[ IS DEVOID ( TUSKS4 ,9 O!R
SPECIES S* ORGANS >E F.D 9 BO? SEXES1 B
>E M P]FECTLY DEVELOP$ 9 ! MALE2 Z1 =
9/.E1 ! HORN (! BULL IS M P[];L ?AN !
HORN (! C[4

